B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.

HCM KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

BI TIU LUN K THUT THC PHM III

TI:

CNG NGH SN XUT ENZYME PAPAIN

NHM SV THC HIN: 1.NGUYN TH THY HNG 2.NGUYN TH KIM TUYN 3.NGUYN TH HNG VN 4. TH HIP 5.L TH NGH

M SV: 3005100260 3005100886 3005100905 3005100224 3005100468

GVHD: TRN TH MINH H

TP.H Ch Minh, ngy thng nm ..

B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

*****

BI TIU LUN K THUT THC PHM III

TI:

CNG NGH SN XUT ENZYME PAPAIN

Trnh by: Nguyn Th Thy Hng Hnh nh: Nguyn Th Kim Tuyn

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MC LC
CHNG I : LI M U .................................................................................. .3 CHNG II: GII THIU V ENZYME PAPAIN ...................................................... 4 2.1Gii thiu v cy u .................................................................................. 4 2.1.1. Phn b sinh thi ca cy u ........................................................... 4 2.1.2.Hot tnh sinh hc v cng dng ca mt s cht c trong cy u ..... 5 2.2 Gii thiu v enzyme papain......................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Ngun gc ............................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 Tnh cht ca papain ............................................................................. 6 2.2.2.1 Tnh cht vt l ........................................................................... 6 2.2.2.2 Tnh cht ha hc ....................................................................... 7 a) Cu to ha hc: ............................................................................................ 7 b) Cu trc khng gian ....................................................................................... 8 c) Cu trc tm hot ng ca papain ................................................................ 8 d) Cc yu t nh hng n hot tnh xc tc ca papain ................................ 11 CHNG III: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT ENZYME PAPAIN ................... 13 3.1 Nguyn liu ................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Thit b . 13 3.3 Quy trnh cng ngh. 13 3.3.1 Thu nhn papain................. 15 3.3.2 S quy trnh cng ngh.. 16 3.4 ng dng ca enzyme papain 18 3.4.1 Trong y hc. 18 3.4.2 Trong cng ngh thc phm.. 18 3.4.3 Trong cng nghp khc . 18 CHNG IV: KT LUN 19 CHNG V: TI LIU THAM KHO. 20

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CHNG I : LI M U
Trong m u c ba enzyme chnh bao gm: papain, chymopapain v peptidase. Papain l mt enzym c ly ra t m ca cc qu u xanh. Ngoi ra, papain cn l mt loi men phn gii protein tn ti trong u . Enzym papain rt tt cho h tiu ha, gip tiu ha cc thc n giu protein mt cch d dng hn. N c th gip phn gii v loi b nhng lp da cht trn b mt c th. Papain c tc dng tiu ha protid, bin i cc cht c albumin thnh pepton, c tc dng trn m, trn cc hydrat carbon trong mi trng hi kim hay trung tnh. nhit thng khi cho tip xc papain vi lng trng trng th lng trng trng b mt tnh snh sn st. Trung bnh mt tri u cho c 12g m, t 4kg m u ti cho 1kg papain kh v trng u khai thc ly m ch hiu qu trong vng 3 - 4 nm tuy vng i ca mt cy u khong 20 nm. Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca Cng ngh sinh hc , cc ch phm enzyme c sn xut ngy cng nhiu v c s dng hu ht trong cc lnh vc nh: ch bin thc phm, nng nghip, chn nui, y t Khong 75% ch phm l enzyme thy phn c s dng cho vic thy phn c cht t nhin. Vi nhng li ch v gi tr m enzyme papain em li , n c ng dng rng ri v thng c dng trong lnh vc ch bin m phm. Ngoi ra, Papain rt cn cho nhiu lnh vc cng nghip: dc phm, ha cht, k ngh t si dt may, thuc da, thc phm...V chnh l nguyn nhn a nhm em n vi ti trnh by v cng ngh sn xut enzyme papain.
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CHNG II: GII THIU V ENZYME PAPAIN

2.1 Gii thiu v cy u
Cy u cn c gi th Hu, phin mc, c lo, phin qua, phan qua th, l hong phl (Campuchia), mc hung (Lo), m hng (Thi). u thng l cy ng chu, nhng u c th xp thnh 3 loi trn phng din gii tnh: cy c, cy lng tnh v cy ci. Vi cy u cng c th tr c ba loi hoa ni trn. Ngoi ra cng c cy ra hoa khng hn hon ton c, ci hay lng tnh m li pha ln nhiu t c tnh ca ba loi hoa. Khuynh hng thay i gii tnh phn ln do thi tit gy ra t nh kh hn v thay i nhit . Tn khoa hc: Carica papaya L., thuc h u - Caricac.

Hoa lng tnh

hoa ci

hoa c

2.1.1 Phn b sinh thi ca cy u . Chi Carica L. c ngun gc vng nhit i chu M. vng ni cao (1500-3000m), t Panama n Bolivia, cy u trng hin nay rt c th l ging lai t nhin ca loi C. peltata Hook & Ann. Vo khong th k 16, ngi Ty Ban Nha a u vo trng vng Carib v mt s nc ng Nam

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. T cc a im ny, cy tip tc c trng rng ri n , Srilanca, chu i Dng v chu Phi.

Vn cy u 2.1.2 Hot tnh sinh hc v cng dng ca mt s cht c trong cy u 1. Nha u c th gy vim da. 2. Trung M, trong dn gian, ngi ta s dng u iu tr bnh lyamip (Entamoeba histolytica), mt loi k sinh trng gy tiu chy dng l v bin chng p- xe gan. 3. Samoa, ngi dn dng phn di v thn cy u cha chng nhc rng. 4. Nha u c cha papain, l mt trong hai loi men tiu hy protein (proteolytic enzymes) c tc dng lm mm tht bp. Chnh do tc dng ny, khi dng u hm chung vi tht, tht s mm hn. Ngi dn vng Ca-ri-b, Trung M cho bit h c th dng khu phn vi s lng ln tht c nhng vn khng h g nu n u xanh sau . 5. Phn cm u l thnh phn chnh ca cc loi m phm nh kem nn (mt), kem nh rng, x bng gi u.

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6. Cc ng dng quan trng trong y hc ca nha u l chit xut papain dng trong phu thut ct sng (l mt loi "dao phu thut t nhin" m a m). Nghin cu cho thy chit xut papain c hot tnh khng sinh (antibioticactivity) vi tc dng chng vi khun gram dng (gram-positive bacteria). N cn c dng iu tr l lot, lm tiu gi mc trong bnh bch hu, chng kt dnh sau phu thut, lm thuc gip tiu ha. Trong cng nghip, papain c dng tinh ch bia; x l len v la trc khi nhum; l ph gia trong cng ngh ch bin cao su; khi tinh ch du gan c tuna, ngi ta tim papain vo gan trc khi chit xut, lm cho thnh phm giu Vitamin A v D hn. Khong 1,500 qu u xanh c va cho c khong 650g papain.

2.2 Gii thiu v enzyme papain

2.2.1 Ngun gc Enzyme papain c tch ra t nha tri u xanh, thuc nhm enzyme thy phn c ngun gc thc vt c nghin cu nhiu nht v tnh cht v c ch hot ng. Papain l mt sulfhydryl protease, ln u tin c tch ra bi Bals v cng s ca ng, sau bi Kimmel va Smith t nha kh. Trong nha u ngoi enzyme papain cn c cc loi protease khc nh chymopapain, caricain, glycyl endopeptidase v mt s enzyme khc (Baines and Brocklehurst, 1979). Nha u c hm lng v hot tnh papain cao nht tp trung vng c nng nng v m n nh quanh nm. 2.2.2 Tnh cht ca papain 2.2.2.1 Tnh cht vt l Bng 1: Tnh cht vt l ca papain Tnh cht vt l im ng in Hng s sa lng S20 Hng s phn tn D20 (10-7giy.cm2) Phn t lng
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Gi tr pI = 8.75 2.42 0.04 10.27 0.13 20,700

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 trin quang []D xon Vng hiu ng cotton Th tch ring phn V(mL/g) Tr s ma st f/fo

-66.70 17% 290nm 0.724 1.16

Bt mu vng hay mu nu nht, ty thuc phng php sy, khng tan trong hu ht cc cht hu c nhng tan mt phn trong H2O hay glycerine. Bn nhit.

2.2.2.2. Tnh cht ha hc a) Cu to ha hc: Papain l mt endoprotease c cha 16% N v 1.2% S. Papain l mt protease thiol, theo nghin cu ca R. L. Hill v E. L Smith, papain l mt chui polypeptide gm 185 amino acid, trng lng phn t l 20.900 Dalton. Bng 2: Thnh phn ha hc: Amino acid Alanine Arginine Aspartic acid Half Cysteine Glutamid acid Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine S lng Amino acid 13 Lyeine 10 Proline 17 Serine 6 Threonie 17 Tryptophan 23 Tyrosine 2 Valine 10 Methionine 10 Tng cng: 185 S lng 9 4 9 11 7 5 17 15 0

Theo kt qu phn tch bng tia X, phn t papain c cu to bi 212 acid amin trong khng c cha methionine. Phn t lng khong 23,350 Da, phn t l mt mch polypeptide vi u N l isoleucine, u C l asparagine, c 6 gc cysteine to thnh 3 cu disulfur cc v tr 22-63, 56-95, 153-200

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khng c chc nng sinh hc, ch lm tng tnh bn vng ca cu trc v mt nhm SH t do v tr 25. b) Cu trc khng gian Phn t papain c dng hnh cu vi kch thc 36x48x36Ao v mch chnh b gp thnh hai phn ring bit bi mt khe. Trung tm hot ng nm ti b mt ca khe ny, nhm -SH hot ng ca cysteine 25 nm bn tri khe v nhm histidine 159 nm bn phi khe. Phn xon chim 20% ton b cc amino acid c trong phn t.

Cu trc khng gian ca enzyme papain Hot tnh ca papain da trn hai tm hot ng l Cys25 v His159. Khong pH hot ng ca papain kh rng (3.5 8.0) ty thuc vo c cht. Khi c cht l casein th hot tnh ti u ca papain trong vng pH t 5.7 7.0 v nhit thch hp l 50 570C. c) Cu trc tm hot ng ca papain

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- Tm hot ng ca papain gm c nhm SH ca cysteine 25 v nitrogen bc 3 ca histidine 159. Bn cnh nhm imidazole ca His 159 cng lin kt vi Asp 175 bi lin kt hydrogen. - Vng tm hot ng ca papain cha mch polypeptide vi cc amino acid l: Lys-Asp-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Ser-Cys. - Theo cc nghin cu ca Lowe, chui polypeptide trong trung tm hot ng ca papain gn ging nh ca ficin hay trypsin, mc d chng c ngun gc khc nhau. Ficin: Arg-Glu-Glu-Gly-Glu-Cys-Gly-Ser-Cys. Trypsin: Lys-Asp-Ser-Cys-Glu-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ser.

Hot tnh enzyme v c cht tc dng: Papain thy phn peotein thnh cc polypeptide v cc polypeptide v cc amino acid, ng vai tr va nh endopeptidase va nh exopeptidase. Cc endopeptidase thy phn protein ch yu thnh cc peptid:

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(-NH-CH(R)-CO-NH-CH(R)-CO-)n + HOH (-NH-CH(R)-COOH)I + (H2N- CH(R)-CO-)k i+k=n Cc exopeptidase thy phn cc peptide thnh cc amino acid (H2N-CH(R )-CO-NH-CH(R )-CO-)n + HOH (H2N-CH(R)COOH)n` + (H2N-CH(R)-CO-)k n`+k = n So vi cc protease c ngun gc ng vt v vi sinh vt khc th papain c kh nng thy phn su hn. Tnh c hiu c cht ca papain rt rng v n c kh nng phn hy hu ht cc lin kt peptide tr cc lin kt vi proline v cc glutamic acid c nhm carboxy t do. Papain c th nhn bit 1 chui gm 7 amino aicd trn c cht peptide ca mnh v s u tin ct lin kt peptide trn 1 chui c phenylamine nh sau: nu peptide c dng X-Phe-Y-Z (X, Y, Z l cc gc amino acid) th papainsex ct ti v tr gia Y v Z, nhng nu peptide c dng X-Phe-Y ( c Phe nm v tr th 2 trc u tn cng) th khng c thy phn bi papain. Ngoi ra papain cn c hot tnh esterase, thiolesterase v trafnerase. Hot ha papain: Papain ch th hin hot tnh xc tc ca mnh khi nhm SH dng t do. V vy ta s dng cht hot ha a papain t trng thi khng hot ng sang trng thi hot ng. do trung tm hot ng ca papain c tnh kh nn cc cht hot ha l cc cht c tnh kh nh cysteine, glytation aicd, hdrocyanic trong cysteine l cht hay dng nht. hki c mt cc cht ny th nhm SH ca papain c phc hi v lm tng hot tnh papain. thu c hot tnh cao nht th thch hp l dng hn hp cysteine v EDTA, trong cysteine ng vai tr l cht hot ha papain, cn EDTA ng vai tr cht lin kt to phc vi ion kim loi nng c trong nha u . Bt hot:
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Papain b km hm ( c ch bt thun nghch) bi cc cht oxy ha nh: O2, O3, H2O2, iodur acetate, cysteine v cc hp cht disufur khc. Cc cht ny phn ng vi nhm SH tring tm hot ng ca papain lm ph v cu trc tm hot ng ca n. Papain b bt hot thun nghch bi khng kh, cysteine nng thp. papain tc dng vi chloromethul cetone ca Phe v Lys th mt hon ton hot tnh. Tuy nhin papain li rt bn vi cc tc nhn bin tnh l dung mi hu c ( quay cc ca papain hu nh khng bin i trong ethanol 70% hay urea 6-8m). d) Cc yu t nh hng n hot tnh xc tc ca papain Nhit : Papain l enzyme chu c nhit tng i cao. dng nha kh papain khng b bin tnh trong 3 gi 1000C. Cn dng dung dch papain b mt hot tnh sau 30 pht 82.50C v nu nhit tng cao hn (>1000C) th n s b mt hon ton hot tnh k c khi thm lng ln cht hot ha vo dung dch. iu ny l do dng dung dch khi tng ln n nhit ln hn 1000C th cu trc tm hot ng ca papain b ph hy hon ton. iu ng lu l sau khi c tinh sch v trng thi tinh th th papain c bn nhit thp hn papain trong nha, do trong nha cn cha cc protein khc c tc dng bo v papain. Papain trong dung dch NaCl gi 40C bn trong nhiu thng. Trong dung dch dn xut thy ngn, papain cng khng mt hot tnh trong nhiu thng. Trong khi hu ht cc enzyme mt hot tnh mi ngy 1-2% do s phn hy hoc oxy Khi thy phn cc protein khc nhau, th ty thuc vo c cht m nhit thch hp cho papain cng khc nhau chng hn i vi c cht l casein th nhit ti u cho phn ng l 370C. Papain dng n nh trng thi kh c th chu nhit sy 1150C trong thi gian 2 gi m hot tnh vn duy tr c 90%.

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pH: Papain hot ng trong khong pH tng i rng t 4.5-8.5 nhng li d bin tnh trong mi trng acid c pH < 4.5 hoc trong mi trng kim mnh c pH > 12. Khi phn ng vi c cht th ty thuc vo bn cht ca c cht m pH ti u s khc nhau. Chng hn, papain phn ng vi casein pH ti u l 7-7.5. Papain dng n nh tc l dng m cu trc khng gian ca enzyme c n nh, c th chu c cc pH = 1.5 v pH = 8.5 trong 90 pht. Dung mi: Papain khng thay i quay quang hc trong dung mi l methanol 70% v khng thay i nht trong dung mi methanol 50%. Trong dung dch dimethylsulfoxide cha 20% dung mi hu c v urea 8M khng lm gim hot tnh cng nh thay i cu hnh ca papain. Cc cht gy bin tnh mnh nh TCA 10%, guanidine hydrochloride 6M lm bin i bt thun nghch v quay quang hc v hot tnh ca papain.

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CHNG III: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT ENZYME PAPAIN

3.1 nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu chnh thc v cn hm lng ln nht l nha tri u thu nhn t cc vn u . - Celite. - NaOH - Ct sch - (NH4)2SO4 - Mui NaCl (rn v lng) vn u trng ly nha

3.2 thit b
- Ci - Thit b lc - Thit b lng - Thit b sy

3.3 Quy trnh cng ngh

Nha cy u nm trong cc ng dn nha tri rng khp ton b cy, ngoi tr r. nha l hn hp enzyme cha cc protease sau: papain, chymopapain A( gc amino acid cui l glutamic acid), chymopapain B(gc amino aicd l tyrosine), proteinase III, proteinase IV, thilprotesase, trong papain chim ti 95%.

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iu kin ly nha : - Cy ang sinh trng tt, khng b su bnh,thn cy mp mp cho nha nhiu. - Qu : ly nhng qu cn xanh,v mn,t 0.3 1kg, 10 tun tui l tt nht. - Thi gian ly nha : sng sm Cch tin hnh : - Ly nha qu xanh cn trn cy,dng dao inox u nhn rch vi ng dc theo qu ch ng knh cao nht,cc lc kha cch nhau 3 -5cm(khng rch su qu 2cm dch nc v tinh bt t qu khng b trn ln vo nha lm gim cht lng nha). - Hng ly nha chy ra bng l thy tinh mu ming rng 4-6 pht, ly nha xong phi y np kn, gi trong ti v bo qun lnh trong thi gian ch cc cng on x l tip theo. Mc ch ca giai on ny l trnh khng cho nha tip xc lu vi khng kh, m bo hot tnh papain c trong nha. Khi ly nha cn trnh khng cho cc cht bn hoc cn trng ln vo. Lu : - Khng nn trn nha kh v nha ti v s lm gim cht lng nha - Qu c th c p nha trong sut 4 7 ngy, ln u c th ch cn mt rch l , nhng ln thu nha sau rch 2 3 ng gia nhng ng rch trc . - Cn trnh khng cho nha ti tip xc vo da v n s gy bng.khng nn nha tip xc vi cc dng c lm t kim loi nng nh st, ng,v s lm bin mu v gim hot tnh
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enzyme. L, dao, mung,phi c lm bng nha hoc thp khng r. - Nha ti khng bn v th nn sy kh 5 % m. 3.3.1 Thu nhn papain Chun b: Do trong nha u ngoi papain, chymopapain cn c 1 s enzyme, protein, cht nha, cht cao su, cht bo v cc tp cht khc c c quy trnh tch v lm sch papain t nha u c hiu qu th c quy trnh ha tan nha u nhm loi b tp cht. cch lm nh sau: Trn 180g nha u vi 100g cetile v 150g ct sch, nghin k trong ci nhit phng vi 200-300mL dung dch cysteine 0.04M (ha tan 6.3g cysteine hydrochloride trong 1000mL dung dch NaOH 0.054M, kim c s dng pH dch chit ti 5.7) Khi nha to thnh th huyn ph th gn b lp ni trn. Qu trnh nghin v trch c lp li vi 300mL dung dch cysteine. Ra ci vi dung dch cysteine iu chnh th tch chit ln 11. Dch huyn ph sau cng c lc lnh (c th ht nh) trn giy lc Whatman s 1, thi gian lc c th rt di. Nc lc c mu trng sa hoc vng xanh, pH gn 5.7. Cc bc cn li ca qu trnh tinh sch enzyme c tin hnh trong iu kin lnh. Loi b cc cht khng tan pH9: Thm t t v khuy u 1 lng khong 110ml dung dch NaOH 1M iu chnh pH ca dch chit thu c trn ln pH 9. Lc hoc ly tm 2600 vng/pht trong 1 gi loi b ta xm to thnh (ta gy bin tnh protein), thu dch trch trong. Qu trnh phn on bng (NH4)2SO4: Cho (NH4)2SO4 vo dch enzyme n 40% bo ha, sau 1-2 gi, ly tm 2500 vng/ pht. Thu nhn ta, b dch lng hoc c th gi li ly
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chymopapain. Ta c ra li 1 ln na vi 400-500ml dung dch (NH4)2SO4 40% bo ha. Qu trnh phn on bng NaCl: Ha tan trong 600mL dung dch cysteine 0.02M, dung dch thu c c pH 7- 7.5 sau thm t t 60g NaCl rn. Sau 1 gi, ly tm 2500 vng/pht trong 1 gi thu ta, b dich lng. Kt tinh Ha tan ta vi 400mL dung dch cysteine 0.002M nhit phng c 1 dung dch huyn ph c pH = 6.5. Gi nhit phng trong 30 pht tinh th to thnh, duy tr 40C qua m, sau ly tm lnh 2500 vng/ pht trong 4-5 gi thu nhn tinh th. Ti kt tinh: Ha tan tinh th thu c bc trn trong nc ct nhit phng to dung dch c nng protein khong 1%. Sau cho vo t t ( ng thi khuy u) dung dich NaCl bo ho ( 10mL/ 300mL dung dch protein). Khi 75% th tch dung dch NaCl cho vo, papain bt u kt tinh nhit phng. Dch huyn ph c gi 40C qua m, sau ly tm lnh 2500 vng/ pht trong 4-5 gi thu nhn tinh th. Hot ng ring ca enzyme c th tng nh nu tin hnh ti kt tinh thm 1 ln na nh trn. tng hot tnh enzyme, trc khi ti kt tinh c th ha tan tinh th papain trong dung dch m phosphate cha cysteine, sau tin hnh siu lc vi mng lc 4000A0 v em kt tinh dch lng thu c sau siu lc. Sy chn khng Sy chn khng nhit 400C thu nhn papain tinh ch. 3.3.2 S quy trnh cng ngh

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Nguyn liu
180g nha u

Celite(100g) 0.04M Ct sch(150g ) Trch ly Nghin

200-300m dd cysteine pH: 5.7

Lc

110mlNaOH 1M

Chnh pH Ta xm Thi gian: 1-2 gi 400-500ml (NH4)2SO4 Dch lng

Lc (NH4 )2 SO4 Kt ta phn on 1 Ly tm 1

60g NaCl rn

Kt ta phn on 2

pH : 7-7.5 thi gian: 1 gi

Ly tm 2 pH: 6.5

Dch lng

Kt tinh dd NaCl bo ha Ti kt tinh

Thi gian: 30pht

t: 37 0C t: 40 0 C

Sy chn khng Papain.

s quy trnh cng ngh

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3.4 ng dng ca enzyme papain.

3.4.1 Trong y hc: Cha bnh giun kim, gium a. Dng tiu dit cc d vt tha, cc protein cht trong c th. Hn hp papain-bromelin-celluloza c s dng hiu qu ph si thn. Lm thnh phn chnh ca cc loi thuc tr bnh bing n, n khng tiu. Lm 1 s vi trng gram (+) v gram (-) ngng pht trin, vi trng thng hn, Staphylococus rt nhy cm vi papain. Papain c tc dng gim c t vi toxin v toxabumin: Dung dch papain cysteine salicilate c cng dng cha bng. Papain c tc dng ln h mch dng tr bnh bch cu, vim hng 3.4.2 Trong cng nghip thc phm: - Protease, trong c papain c s dng rt rng ri trong ch bin tht, c v mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. Vi phng php ny, ngi ta c th bin i nhng loi tht c r tin, kh cng, nhng phn khng ngon thnh cc ch phm c tnh cht tt hn. - Papain cn c dng thy phn protein v ngn nga vi khun gy thi, do nhit ti u ca n l 700C. - Papain c dng lm mm tht, dng thy phn gan c ng lm thuc b. Papain cn c dng trong sn xut bia v n gip tiu ha cc protein cn ha tan trong bia. 3.4.3 Trong cc ngnh cng nghip khc: - Papain c dng lm mm da trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, dng ty cc vt mu trn qun o. - Trong cng nghip m phm, papain c dng ty cc vt nm, tn nhang trn da lm cho da mm mi hn.

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Loi mt n dng da c cha enzyme papain v nhng dng cht ca u

ch phm enzyme

CHNG IV: KT LUN

Vic sn xut ch phm enzyme cc loi v ang pht trin mnh m trn qui m cng nghip. Hin ti c hng nghn ch phm enzyme bn trn th trng th gii, Cc ch phm enzyme ph bin nh amylase, protease, catalase,cellulase,lipase,glucoseoxydase Ch phm enzyme khng ch c ng dng trong y hc m cn c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghip khc nhau, trong nng nghip, trong ha hc ngha ca vic s dng enzyme trong cc lnh vc thc t khng km so vi ngha ca vic s dng nng lng nguyn t. c nhng nghin cu ng dng ca enzyme papain trong thy phn u nnh, trong ch bin tht, trong sn xut m phm

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CHNG V: TI LIU THAM KHO

1. http://www.docsachonline.vn/thu-nhan-enzyme-papain-tu-du-du 2. http://tailieu.vn/xem-tai-lieu/bao-cao-ung-dung-enzyme-papain-trongthuy-phan-banh-dau-dau-phong-nham-tao-san-pham-co-gia-tridin.659842.html 3. http://tailieu.vn/tinh-chat-hoa-hoc-cua-enzyme-papain 4. http://vho.vn/cac-duoc-pham-co-papain 5. Bi ging K thut thc phm III-trng i Hc Nng Lm tp.HCMTS.Bi Anh Vit.

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