TRAN S TUNG

---- & ----

TI LIU N THI I HC CAO NG

Nam 2011

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic

CHNG 0

N TP CNG THC LNG GIC HM S LNG GIC

I. H THC C BN 1. nh ngha cc gi tr lng gic: OP = cos a OQ = sin a AT = tan a BT ' = cot a Nhn xt: "a , - 1 cos a 1; - 1 sin a 1 tana xc nh khi a
tang

T
cotang

sin
Q B M a T'

cosin

p + kp , k Z 2

cota xc nh khi a kp , k Z 2. Du ca cc gi tr lng gic: Cung phn t Gi tr lng gic sina cosa tana cota 3. H thc c bn: sin2a + cos2a = 1; tana.cota = 1 1 1 1 + tan 2 a = ; 1 + cot 2 a = cos2 a sin 2 a 4. Cung lin kt: Cung i nhau cos(-a ) = cos a sin(-a ) = - sin a tan(-a ) = - tan a cot(-a ) = - cot a Cung b nhau sin(p - a ) = sin a cos(p - a ) = - cos a tan(p - a ) = - tan a cot(p - a ) = - cot a Trang 1 Cung ph nhau p sin - a = cos a 2 p cos - a = sin a 2 p tan - a = cot a 2 p cot - a = tan a 2 + + + + + + + + I II II IV

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng

Cung hn km p sin(p + a ) = - sin a cos(p + a ) = - cos a tan(p + a ) = tan a cot(p + a ) = cot a

Cung hn km

p 2

p sin + a = cos a 2 p cos + a = - sin a 2 p tan + a = - cot a 2 p cot + a = - tan a 2

5. Bng gi tr lng gic ca cc gc (cung) c bit

0 00

p 6
300

p 4
450

p 3
600

p 2
900 1

2p 3

3p 4

p
1800 0

3p 2

2p

1200

1350

2700 1

3600 0

sin cos tan cot

1 2 3 2 3 3 3

2 2 2 2
1

3 2 1 2 3 3 3

3 2 1 2 -

2 2 2 2
1

- 3
0

3 3

II. CNG THC CNG Cng thc cng: sin(a + b) = sin a. cos b + sin b.cos a sin(a - b) = sin a.cos b - sin b.cos a cos(a + b) = cos a. cos b - sin a.sin b cos(a - b) = cos a. cos b + sin a.sin b H qu: p 1 + tan a tan + a = , 4 1 - tan a tan a + tan b 1 - tan a.tan b tan a - tan b tan(a - b) = 1 + tan a.tan b tan(a + b) = p 1 - tan a tan - a = 4 1 + tan a

Trang 2

Trn S Tng III. CNG THC NHN 1. Cng thc nhn i: sin 2a = 2 sin a .cos a

Phng trnh lng gic

cos 2a = cos2 a - sin 2 a = 2 cos2 a - 1 = 1 - 2 sin 2 a tan 2a = 2 tan a 1 - tan 2 a ; cot 2a = cot 2 a - 1 2 cot a

Cng thc h bc
sin 2 a = 1 - cos 2a 2 1 + cos 2a 2 cos a = 2 1 - cos 2a tan2 a = 1 + cos 2a

Cng thc nhn ba (*) sin 3a = 3sin a - 4sin3 a cos 3a = 4 cos3 a - 3cos a 3tan a - tan3 a tan 3a = 1 - 3 tan 2 a

2. Cng thc biu din sina, cosa, tana theo t = tan

a : (*) 2
cos a = 1 - t2 1+ t
2

a 2t t: t = tan (a p + 2 kp ) th: sin a = ; 2 1 + t2

; tan a =

2t 1 - t2

IV. CNG THC BIN I 1. Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch: a+b a-b . cos 2 2 a+b a-b cos a - cos b = - 2 sin .sin 2 2 a+b a-b sin a + sin b = 2sin .cos 2 2 a+b a-b sin a - sin b = 2 cos .sin 2 2 cos a + cos b = 2 cos sin(a + b) cos a.cos b sin(a - b) tan a - tan b = cos a.cos b sin(a + b) cot a + cot b = sin a.sin b sin(b - a) cot a - cot b = sin a.sin b tan a + tan b =

p p sin a + cos a = 2.sin a + = 2.cos a - 4 4 p p sin a - cosa = 2 sin a - = - 2 cos a + 4 4 2. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng: 1 cos(a - b) + cos(a + b) 2 1 sin a.sin b = cos(a - b) - cos(a + b) 2 1 sin a.cos b = sin(a - b) + sin(a + b) 2 cos a.cos b = Trang 3

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng

V. HM S LNG GIC

TP XC NH, TP GI TR, TNH CHN L, CHU K y = sin x : Tp xc nh D = R; tp gi tr T = -1, 1 ; hm l, chu k T0 = 2p . * * y = sin(ax + b) c chu k T0 = 2p a

y = sin(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) xc nh.

y = cos x : Tp xc nh D = R; tp gi tr T = -1, 1 ; hm chn, chu k T0 = 2p . * * y = cos(ax + b) c chu k T0 = 2p a

y = cos(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) xc nh.

p y = tan x : Tp xc nh D = R \ + kp , k Z ; tp gi tr T = R, hm l, chu k T0 = p . 2 * * y = tan(ax + b) c chu k T0 =

p a p + kp (k Z ) 2

y = tan(f(x)) xc nh f ( x )

y = cot x : Tp xc nh D = R \ {kp , k Z } ; tp gi tr T = R, hm l, chu k T0 = p . * * * y = cot(ax + b) c chu k T0 =

p a

y = cot(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) kp (k Z ) . y = f1(x) c chu k T1 ; y = f2(x) c chu k T2

Th hm s y = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) c chu k T0 l bi chung nh nht ca T1 v T2.

Trang 4

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic

CHNG I

PHNG TRNH LNG GIC

I. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC C BN

1.

Phng trnh sinx = sina x = a + k 2p a) sin x = sin a (k Z ) x = p - a + k 2p b) sin x = a. ieu kien : - 1 a 1 x = arcsin a + k 2p sin x = a (k Z ) x = p - arcsin a + k 2p c) sin u = - sin v sin u = sin(- v) p d) sin u = cos v sin u = sin - v 2 p e) sin u = - cos v sin u = sin v - 2

Cc trng hp c bit: sin x = 0 x = kp (k Z ) sin x = 1 x =

p + k 2p (k Z ) 2

sin x = - 1 x = -

p + k 2p (k Z ) 2

sin x = 1 sin 2 x = 1 cos2 x = 0 cos x = 0 x = 2. Phng trnh cosx = cosa a) cos x b) cos x cos x c) cos u = cos a x = a + k 2p (k Z ) = a. ieu kien : - 1 a 1 = a x = arccos a + k 2p (k Z ) = - cos v cos u = cos(p - v)

p + kp (k Z ) 2

p d) cos u = sin v cos u = cos - v 2 p e) cos u = - sin v cos u = cos + v 2 Cc trng hp c bit: p cos x = 0 x = + kp (k Z ) 2 cos x = 1 x = k 2p (k Z )

cos x = - 1 x = p + k 2p (k Z )

cos x = 1 cos2 x = 1 sin 2 x = 0 sin x = 0 x = kp (k Z ) Trang 5

Phng trnh lng gic 3. Phng trnh tanx = tana a) tan x = tan a x = a + kp (k Z ) b) tan x = a x = arctan a + kp (k Z ) c) tan u = - tan v tan u = tan(- v) p d) tan u = cot v tan u = tan - v 2 p e) tan u = - cot v tan u = tan + v 2 Cc trng hp c bit: tan x = 0 x = kp (k Z ) 4. Phng trnh cotx = cota cot x = cot a x = a + kp (k Z ) cot x = a x = arccot a + kp (k Z ) Cc trng hp c bit: p cot x = 0 x = + kp (k Z ) 2 5. Mt s iu cn ch : tan x = 1 x =

Trn S Tng

p + kp (k Z ) 4

cot x = 1 x =

p + kp (k Z ) 4

a) Khi gii phng trnh c cha cc hm s tang, cotang, c mu s hoc cha cn bc chn, th nht thit phi t iu kin phng trnh xc nh. p * Phng trnh cha tanx th iu kin: x + kp (k Z ). 2 * Phng trnh cha cotx th iu kin: x kp (k Z ) * Phng trnh cha c tanx v cotx th iu kin x k * Phng trnh c mu s: sin x 0 x kp (k Z )

p (k Z ) 2

p + kp (k Z ) 2 p tan x 0 x k (k Z ) 2 p cot x 0 x k (k Z ) 2 b) Khi tm c nghim phi kim tra iu kin. Ta thng dng mt trong cc cch sau kim tra iu kin: 1. Kim tra trc tip bng cch thay gi tr ca x vo biu thc iu kin. 2. Dng ng trn lng gic. 3. Gii cc phng trnh v nh.
cos x 0 x

Trang 6

Trn S Tng
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh:

Phng trnh lng gic p 2) cos 4 x - = 1 3 x p 5) sin - = 1 2 4 8) cos x - 150 = p 3) cos - x = -1 5 p 6) sin + 2 x = -1 6 x p 3 9) sin - = 2 2 3 12) cot 3 x + 10 0 =

p 1) cos 2 x + = 0 6 p 4) sin 3 x + = 0 3 7) sin ( 3 x + 1) = 1 2

2 2

p 1 10) cos - 2 x = 11) tan ( 2 x - 1) = 3 2 6 p p 13) tan 3 x + = -1 14) cot 2 x - = 1 6 3 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh: 1) sin(3 x + 1) = sin( x - 2) 3) cos3 x = sin 2 x p p 5) cos 2 x + + cos x - = 0 3 3 p p 7) tan 3 x - = tan x + 4 6 9) tan(2 x + 1) + cot x = 0 11) sin( x 2 - 2 x ) = 0 13) cot 2 x = 1 1 2 Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh: 1) cos3 x.tan 5 x = sin 7 x 15) cos x = 3) 4 cos x - 2 cos 2 x - cos 4 x = 1 5) cos3 x.cos3 x + sin 3 x.sin 3 x =
Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh:

3 3 2 2

15) cos(2x + 250) = p p 2) cos x - = cos 2 x + 3 6 4) sin( x - 120 0 ) + cos 2 x = 0 p x 6) sin 3 x + sin - = 0 4 2 p p 8) cot 2 x - = cot x + 4 3 10) cos( x 2 + x ) = 0 12) tan( x 2 + 2 x + 3) = tan 2 14) sin 2 x = 1 2 p 16) sin 2 x - = cos2 x 4 2) tan 5 x .tan 2 x = 1

4) 3sin 3 x - 3 cos 9 x = 1 + 4sin3 3 x 2 4 6) 1 3 + = 8 cos x cos x sin x

1) 2 cos x - sin x = 1 1 - cos x 3) tan 2 x = 1 - sin x Bai 5. Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh: 1) (m - 1) sin x + 2 - m = 0 3) (m - 4) tan 2 x - m = 0

2) sin x + cos 3 x = 0 1 4) cot x = tan x + sin x 2) sin m. cos x = 1 4) (m + 1)sin 2 x + 1 - m2 = 0

Trang 7

Phng trnh lng gic II. PHNG TRNH BC NHT THEO SINX V COSX

Trn S Tng

Dng: a.sinx +b.cosx = c (1)

Cch 1: Chia hai v phng trnh cho a 2 + b2 ta c: a b c (1) sin x + cos x = a 2 + b2 a2 + b2 a2 + b2 a b t: sin a = , cos a = (a 0, 2p ) 2 2 2 2 a +b a +b c (1) tr thnh: sin a .sin x + cos a .cos x = a2 + b2 c cos( x - a ) = = cos b (2) a 2 + b2 iu kin phng trnh (2) c nghim l: c 1 a 2 + b2 c 2 . 2 2 a +b (2) x = a b + k 2p (k Z ) Cch 2: x p = + kp c l nghim hay khng? 2 2 x b) Xt x p + k 2p cos 0. 2 x 2t 1 - t2 t: t = tan , thay sin x = , cos x = , ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t: 2 1 + t2 1 + t2 a) Xt x = p + k 2p (b + c)t 2 - 2at + c - b = 0 (3) V x p + k 2p b + c 0, nn (3) c nghim khi:

D ' = a 2 - (c 2 - b 2 ) 0 a 2 + b 2 c 2 .
Gii (3), vi mi nghim t0, ta c phng trnh: tan Ghi ch: 1) Cch 2 thng dng gii v bin lun. 2) Cho d cch 1 hay cch 2 th iu kin phng trnh c nghim: a2 + b2 c2 . 3) Bt ng thc B.C.S: y = a.sin x + b.cos x a2 + b2 . sin 2 x + cos2 x = a 2 + b2 a2 + b2 sin x cos x a = tan x = a b b x = t0 . 2

min y = - a2 + b2 va max y =

Trang 8

Trn S Tng
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Phng trnh lng gic 6 2

1) cos x + 3 sin x = 2 3 cos3 x + sin 3 x = 2 p 5) 3 sin 2 x + sin + 2 x = 1 2 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 3) 1) 2sin 2 x + 3 sin 2 x = 3 3) 8 cos x = 3 1 + sin x cos x

2) sin x + cos x =

4) sin x + cos x = 2 sin 5 x 6)

3 - 1) sin x - ( 3 + 1) cos x + 3 - 1 = 0

2) sin 8 x - cos 6 x = 3 ( sin 6 x + cos8 x ) p 4) cos x - 3 sin x = 2 cos - x 3 6) cos 7 x - sin 5 x = 3(cos 5 x - sin 7 x )

5) sin 5 x + cos 5 x = 2 cos13 x 7) sin 8 x - cos 6 x = 3(sin 6 x + cos8 x ) Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) (3 cos x - 4 sin x - 6)2 + 2 + 3(3 cos x - 4 sin x - 6) = 0 2) (4 sin x - 5 cos x ) 2 - 13(4 sin x - 5 cos x ) + 42 = 0 5 +8= 0 3) 12 cos x + 5 sin x + 12 cos x + 5 sin x + 14 6 4) 3 cos x + 4sin x + =6 3cos x + 4sin x + 1 Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) 3sin x - 2 cos x = 2 3) cos x + 4sin x = -1 5) 4 sin x - 3 cos x = 5 7) 2 sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x = 13 sin 14 x
Bai 5. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

2) 3 cos x + 4 sin x - 3 = 0 4) 2sin x - 5 cos x = 5 6) 3 sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x = 3 9 8) 3 cos x + 2 3 sin x = 2

p p 3 2 p 1) 2sin x + + sin x - = 2) 3 cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 2 sin 2 x - = 2 2 4 4 2 6 Bai 6. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim: 1) (m + 2)sin x + m cos x = 2 2) (m + 1) cos x + (m - 1)sin x = 2m + 3 1 3 sin 2 x + sin 2 x = m 2 Bai 7. Tm m cc phng trnh sau v nghim: 1) (2 m 1)sin x + (m 1) cos x = m 3 2) sin x + m cos x = 1 3) (m - 1)sin x + 2 m cos x = m 2 4) 1 + sin x l s nguyn. 2 + cos x Bai 9. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca cc hm s sau: 1) y = (2 - 3 ) sin 2 x + cos 2 x 2) y = (sin x - cos x ) 2 + 2 cos 2 x + 3 sin x cos x
Bai 8. Tm x sao cho y =

sin x + 2 cos x + 1 cos x + 2 sin x + 3 4) y = 2 cos x - sin x + 4 sin x + cos x + 2 Bai 10. Tm cc gi tr ca a phng trnh c nghim x 0 c ch ra:

3) y =

1) (cos a + 3 sin a - 3 ) x 2 + ( 3 cos a - 3 sin a - 2) x + sin a - cos a + 3 = 0 ; x0 = 1 . 2) (2 sin a - cos 2 a + 1) x 2 - ( 3 sin a ) x + 2 cos 2 a - (3 - 3 ) sin a = 0 ; x0 = 3 . Trang 9

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng

III. PHNG TRNH BC HAI I VI MT HM S LNG GIC Dng a sin 2 x + b sin x + c = 0 a cos2 x + b cos x + c = 0 a tan 2 x + b tan x + c = 0 a cot 2 x + b cot x + c = 0 t t = sinx t = cosx t = tanx t = cotx x iu kin -1 t 1 -1 t 1

p + kp (k Z ) 2 x kp (k Z )

Nu t: t = sin 2 x hoac t = sin x th ieu kien : 0 t 1. (tng t i vi cosx)

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 3) 5) 7)

2sin2x + 5cosx + 1 = 0 3 sin 2 2 x + 7 cos 2 x - 3 = 0 cos 2 x - 5 sin x - 3 = 0 6 sin 2 3 x + cos12 x = 14

2) 4) 6) 8)

9) 4cos5x.sinx 4sin5x.cosx = sin24x Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) tan 2 x + (1 - 3 ) tan x - 3 = 0 3) cot 2 2 x - 4 cot 2 x + 3 = 0 5) tan2x + cot2x = 2
Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

10) 4sin 2 x - 2 ( 3 + 1) sin x + 3 = 0

4sin2x 4cosx 1 = 0 6 cos 2 x + 5 sin x - 7 = 0 cos 2 x + cos x + 1 = 0 4 sin 4 x + 12 cos 2 x = 7

2) cot 2 x + ( 3 - 1) cot x - 3 = 0 4) 7 tan x - 4 cot x = 12 p 6) tan 2 2 x - = 3 4

2) 4 cos3 x + 3 2 sin 2 x = 8cos x 1 3) 4cos2(2 6x) + 16cos2(1 3x) = 13 4) - ( 3 + 3 ) tan x - 3 + 3 = 0 cos2 x 3 4 5) + tan2x = 9 6) 9 13cosx + =0 cos x 1 + tan 2 x 1 1 7) = cotx + 3 8) + 3cot2x = 5 2 2 sin x cos x x 4 9) cos2x 3cosx = 4 cos2 10) 2cos2x + tanx = 2 5 sin 3 x + cos3 x 3 + cos 2 x Bai 4. Cho phng trnh sin x + . Tm cc nghim ca phng = 1 + 2 sin 2 x 5 trnh thuc ( 0; 2p ) . Bai 5. Cho phng trnh: cos 5 x.cos x = cos 4 x.cos 2 x + 3cos 2 x + 1 . Tm cc nghim ca phng trnh thuc ( -p ; p ) . p p 5 4 + sin x - = . 4 4 4 Bai 7. Chng minh phng trnh sau lun c nghim vi mi m: 1 sin 4 x + cos 4 x + m sin x.cos x = 2
Bai 6. Gii phng trnh : sin 4 x + sin 4 x +

1) 4 sin 2 3 x + 2 ( 3 + 1) cos3 x - 3 = 4

Trang 10

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic IV. PHNG TRNH NG CP BC HAI DNG: a.sin2x + b.sinx.cosx + c.cos2x = d (1)

Cch 1: Kim tra cosx = 0 c tho mn (1) hay khng? p Lu : cosx = 0 x = + kp sin 2 x = 1 sin x = 1. 2 Khi cos x 0 , chia hai v phng trnh (1) cho cos2 x 0 ta c: a.tan 2 x + b. tan x + c = d (1 + tan 2 x ) t: t = tanx, a v phng trnh bc hai theo t: (a - d )t 2 + b.t + c - d = 0 Cch 2: Dng cng thc h bc 1 - cos 2 x sin 2 x 1 + cos 2 x (1) a. + b. + c. = d 2 2 2 b.sin 2 x + (c - a).cos 2 x = 2 d - a - c (y l PT bc nht i vi sin2x v cos2x)

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

3) 3sin 2 x + 8sin x .cos x + ( 8 3 - 9 ) cos2 x = 0 4) 2 cos2 x 3sin x.cos x + sin 2 x = 0 5) 4 sin 2 x + 3 3 sin x .cos x - 2 cos2 x = 4 1 7) sin 2 x + sin 2 x - 2 cos2 x = 2 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 5sin 2 x + 2 3 sin x .cos x + 3cos2 x = 2

2) 3sin2 x + 8sin x .cos x + 4 cos2 x = 0 6) 3cos 4 x - 4sin 2 x cos2 x + sin 4 x = 0 8) cos2 x + 3sin 2 x + sin x.cos x 1 = 0

1) 2sin 2 x + (1 - 3 ) sin x.cos x + (1 - 3 ) cos2 x = 1 3)

3) 2sin 2 x - ( 3 + 3 ) sin x.cos x + ( 3 - 1) cos2 x = -1

3 + 1) sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x.cos x + ( 3 - 1) cos2 x = 0 Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) sin 3 x + 2sin x.cos 2 x 3cos 3 x = 0 2) 3 sin x .cos x - sin 2 x = 2 -1 2

( 4) (

2 - 1 ) sin 2 x + sin 2 x + ( 2 + 1) cos2 x = 2

3) sin3 x - 5sin 2 x.cos x - 3sin x .cos2 x + 3cos3 x = 0 Bai 4. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim: 1) (m + 1)sin 2 x sin 2 x + 2 cos2 x = 1 2) (3m 2)sin 2 x (5m 2)sin 2 x + 3(2m + 1) cos2 x = 0 3) m sin 2 x + sin 2 x + 3m cos2 x = 1 4) (m 2 + 2) cos2 x - 2 m sin 2 x + 1 = 0

Trang 11

Phng trnh lng gic V. PHNG TRNH I XNG

Trn S Tng

Dng 1: a.(sinx cosx) + b.sinx.cosx + c = 0 p t: t = sin x cos x = 2.sin x ; t 2 4 1 t 2 = 1 2sin x. cos x sin x. cos x = (t 2 - 1). 2 Thay vo phng trnh cho, ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t. Gii phng trnh ny tm t tha t 2. Suy ra x. p p sin x + cos x = 2 sin x + = 2 cos x - 4 4 p p sin x - cos x = 2 sin x - = - 2 cos x + 4 4 Dng 2: a.|sinx cosx| + b.sinx.cosx + c = 0 p t: t = sin x cos x = 2. sin x ; k : 0 t 2. 4 Lu : 1 sin x .cos x = (t 2 - 1). 2 Tng t dng trn. Khi tm x cn lu phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i. Dng 3: Phng trnh i xng theo tang v cotang. p t t = tan x + cot x x k ; t 2 2
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh:

1) 2 sin 2 x - 3 3 ( sin x + cos x ) + 8 = 0 2) 2 ( sin x + cos x ) + 3sin 2 x = 2 3) 3 ( sin x + cos x ) + 2 sin 2 x = -3 5) sin x + cos x 4sin x .cos x 1 = 0 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh: 1) sin 2 x - 4 ( cos x - sin x ) = 4

4) (1 - 2 ) (1 + sin x + cos x ) = sin 2 x

6) (1 + 2 ) ( sin x + cos x ) - sin 2 x = 1 + 2 2) 5sin 2 x 12(sin x cos x ) + 12 = 0 4) cos x sin x + 3sin 2 x 1 = 0 1 1 6) =2 2 cos3 x sin 3 x 3 2) 1 + sin 3 x + cos3 x = sin 2 x 2

3) (1 - 2 ) (1 + sin x - cos x ) = sin 2 x p 5) sin 2 x + 2 sin x - = 1 4 Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh:

1) sin3 x + cos3 x = 1 + ( 2 - 2 ) sin x.cos x

3) 3 tan 2 x + 4 tan x + 3cot 2 x + 4 cot x + 2 = 0 4) 2sin 2 x - 3 6 sin x + cos x + 8 = 0 5) sin x - cos x + 4sin 2 x = 1 6) 1 - sin 2 x = cos x + sin x Bai 4. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim: 1) sin x.cos x = 6(sin x + cos x + m ) 3) tan 2 x + cot 2 x = m(tan x - cot x ) 2) sin 2 x + 2 2 m(sin x - cos x ) + 1 - 4 m = 0 4) 3 sin x
2

+ 3tan 2 x + m(tan x + cot x ) - 1 = 0

Trang 12

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic

VI. MT S CCH GII CC PHNG TRNH KHNG MU MC VN 1: PHNG PHP A V PHNG TRNH TCH A = 0 Dng: A.B = 0 B = 0 Mt trong cc phng php thng c s dng gii cc phng trnh lng gic khng mu mc l bin i a v dng phng trnh tch. Cc php bin i thng s dng: Dng cng thc bin i t tng thnh tch. Dng cng thc h bc, ri bin i t tng thnh tch. Nu phng trnh c tng ca nhiu biu thc dng tch m khng c nhn t chung th nn bin i cc tch thnh tng c lc, ri bin i t tng thnh tch. 1 V d 1: Gii phng trnh: sin x.cos 2 x = sin 2 x.cos3 x - sin 5 x (*) 2 1 1 (*) sin x.cos 2 x = (sin 5 x - sin x ) - sin 5 x sin x(2 cos 2 x + 1) = 0 2 2 sin x = 0 x = kp p x=k 1 p cos 2 x = x = + kp 3 2 3 V d 2: Gii phng trnh: cos 2 x + cos 4 x + cos 6 x = 0 (*) (*) 2 cos 4 x.cos 2 x + cos 4 x = 0 cos 4 x(2 cos 2 x + 1) = 0 p p cos 4 x = 0 x = 8 + k 4 1 cos 2 x = x = p + kp 2 3
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 1 + 2sinx.cosx = sinx + 2cosx 3) sin3x + cos3x = cos2x 5) sinx(1 + cosx) = 1 + cosx + cos2x

2) sinx(sinx cosx) 1 = 0

4) sin2x = 1 + 2 cosx + cos2x 6) (2sinx 1)(2cos2x + 2sinx + 1) = 3 4cos2x 1 7) (sinx sin2x)(sinx + sin2x) = sin23x 8) sin3 x + cos3 x = 1 - sin 2 x 2 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) sinx + sin3x + sin5x = 0 2) cos7x + sin8x = cos3x sin2x 3) cos2x cos8x + cos6x = 1 4) cos 3 x - 2 cos 2 x + cos x = 0 5) cos10 x - cos8 x - cos 6 x + 1 = 0 6) 1 + cos x + cos 2 x + cos3 x = 0 Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) 2cosx.cos2x = 1 + cos2x + cos3x 2) 3cosx + cos2x cos3x + 1 = 2sinx.sin2x 3) 2sinx.cos2x + 1 + 2cos2x + sinx = 0 4) cos5x.cosx = cos4x.cos2x + 3cos2x + 1 1 5) 4 sin 2 x.sin 5 x.sin 7 x = sin 4 x 6) cos3 x.cos 4 x + sin 2 x .sin 5 x = cos 2 x + cos 4 x 2 Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 3 1) sin2x = sin23x 2) sin2x + sin22x + sin23x = 2 3) cos2x + cos22x + cos23x = 1 4) cos2x + cos22x + cos23x + cos24x = 2 5) sin7x + cos22x = sin22x + sinx Trang 13

Phng trnh lng gic

Bai 5. Gii cc phng trnh sau: (dng cng thc h bc)

Trn S Tng 2) sin8 x + cos8 x = 1 8

1 4 5 3) sin 6 x + cos6 x = 8 1) sin 6 x + cos6 x = 5) sin 4 x + cos4 x - cos2 x + 1

4) cos 4 x + 2sin 6 x = cos 2 x

-1 = 0 4sin 2 2 x Bai 6. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1 p 1) sin3 x + cos3 x + sin 2 x.sin x + = cos x + sin 3 x 4 2 2) 1 + sin2x + 2cos3x(sinx + cosx ) = 2sinx + 2cos3x + cos2x

3) sinx + sin2x + sin3x = 2(cosx + cos2x + cos3x )

4) 1 + sin x + cos x + sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x = 0 x x 5) sin 2 x + 2 sin2 - 2 sin x.sin 2 + cot x = 0 2 2 6) sin 2 x.cos x - cos 2 x + sin x - cos2 x.sin x - cos x = 0 7) (2 sin x - 1)(2 cos 2 x + 2 sin x + 1) = 3 - 4 cos2 x p 8) sin x.sin 4 x = 2 cos - x - 3 cos x.sin 4 x 6 Bai 7. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) sin 3 x.sin 6 x = sin 9 x 3) sin3 x + cos3 x = sin x - cos x 5) cot x - tan x = sin x + cos x cos2 2 x Bai 8. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1) 7) 1 + tan 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x 2) sin3 x - cos3 x = sin x + cos x 4) sin x (1 + cos x ) = 1 + cos x + cos2 x 6) 2 cos 2 x - sin 2 x = 2(sin x + cos x ) 8) (1 - tan x )(1 + sin 2 x ) = 1 + tan x

Trang 14

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic VN 2: PHNG PHP TNG HAI S KHNG M A 0; B 0 A = 0 A + B = 0 B = 0 A =1 A 1, B 1 A 1, B 1 B = 1 A + B = 2 (1 - A) + (1 - B) = 0

Dng: c bit:

A = 0 A2 + B2 = 0 B = 0 V d: Gii phng trnh:

cos 2 x - cos 6 x + 4(3sin x - 4 sin 3 x + 1) = 0 (*) p x = 2 + kp p (*) cos2 x + (sin 3 x + 1)2 = 0 cos x = 0 x = + l 2p 2 sin 3 x = -1 x = - p + k 2p 6 3

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1 1) sin 2 x + sin 2 3 x = sin x.sin 3 x 4

1 2) sin 2 x + sin 2 3 x = sin x.sin 2 3 x 4

3) 4 cos2 x + 3 tan 2 x - 4 3 cos x + 2 3 tan x + 4 = 0 4) cos 2 x - cos 6 x + 4(3sin x - 4 sin 3 x + 1) = 0 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 2x 1) sin 2 x + sin -2 = 0 2) sin 5 x - cos2 x = 1 5 4) sin 2 x.cos8 x = 1 3) sin x(cos 2 x + cos 4 x + cos 6 x ) = 1 5) sin 7 x + cos 2 x = -2 6) sin3 x + cos3 x = 1 7) sin x + 2 sin 2 x + 3sin 3 x + 4sin 4 x = 10 Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1)

Trang 15

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng

VN 3: PHNG PHP I LP A M A = M Dng: B M B = M A = B s dng phng php ny ta cn chng minh 2 bt ng thc: A M v B M. Ch : Cc bt ng thc thng dng:

Bt ng thc lng gic c bn: -1 sin x , cos x 1; 0 sin 2 x, cos2 x 1 Bt ng thc Csi: Vi mi a, b 0, ta c: a + b 2 ab . Bt ng thc Bu-nhia-cp-xki: Vi 2 cp s (a, b) v (x, y) ta c:
(ax + by )2 (a2 + b2 )( x 2 + y 2 ) c bit: (a + b)2 2(a2 + b2 ) sin x + cos x = 2(2 - sin 3 x ) (*) V d: Gii phng trnh:

Ta c:

p sin x + cos x = 2 sin x + 2 4 2(2 - sin 3 x ) = 2 [1 + (1 - sin 3 x )] 2 p p x = + k 2p sin x + = 1 4 (*) (v nghim) 4 p sin 3 x = 1 x = + l 2p 6 3

Do :

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) sin x + cos x = 2(2 - sin 3 x ) 5 + sin 2 3 x = sin x + 2 cos x Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 3) 3) p sin
x

2) (cos 4 x - cos 2 x )2 = 5 + sin 3 x 4) 2 + cos2 2 x = sin 3 x - cos3 x

1) sin x + 2 - sin 2 x = 2 + 1 + cos 4 x 2) cos3 x + 2 - cos2 3 x = 2(1 + sin 2 2 x ) = cos x 4) 3 sin 6) 2 cos
x

= cos x

5) 2 x = sin x 2 x2 + x = 2 x + 2- x 7) 2 cos 6 Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

2

x = 2 x + 2- x 3

1) cos(p x ) = x 2 - 4 x + 5

Trang 16

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic VN 4: PHNG PHP PHN CHNG A M, B N A = M A + B = M + N B = N (1) (2)

Dng:

V d: Gii phng trnh: (*) cos7 x + sin 4 x = 1 cos7 x cos2 x cos7 x = cos2 x . Suy ra: (*) 4 Ta c: 4 2 2 sin x sin x sin x = sin x cos x = 0 Phng trnh (1) cho ta . cos x = 1 Khi cos x = 0 th sin x = 1 : nghim ng phng trnh (2) Khi cos x = 1 th sin x = 0 : nghim ng phng trnh (2) p cos x = 0 x kp Vy (*) = 2+ cos x = 1 = p x k2
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) sin 4 x + cos15 x = 1 3) cos13 x + sin14 x = 1 Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1)

2) sin3 x + cos3 x = 2 - sin 4 x

Trang 17

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng

VN 5: PHNG PHP HM S D on nghim v s dng tnh n iu ca hm s chng minh phng trnh c nghim duy nht. Cho hm s y = f(x) ng bin (hoc nghch bin) trn khong (a; b). Khi , vi mi a, b (a; b) ta c: f(a) = f(b) a = b. Ch : Trong mt s trng hp, ta cn phi da vo bng bin thin nhn xt.
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) cos x = 1 + x

2) sin x = x p 4) 2sin x = cos x , x 0; 2

3) cos x = 1 -

x2 2

p 2 Bai 2. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:

5) sin x + tan x - 2 x = 0, 0 x < 1) cos2 x + (1 - m ) cos x + m - 1, x (0; p ) p 1 1 1 2) sin x + cos x + 1 + tan x + cot x + + = m, x 0; 2 sin x cos x 2 3) sin 2 x + 4(cos x - sin x ) = m 4) sin 6 x + cos6 x = m(sin 4 x + cos 4 x ) Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau: 1)

Trang 18

Trn S Tng VI. BI TP N

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Phng trnh lng gic

1) 1 + tan x = tan 3 x (1 - tan x ) 3) 4 cos x.cos 2 x.cos 4 x + 1 = 0 5) cos 4 x - cos 2 x + 2 sin 6 x = 0 S: 1) x =

2) 8.cos x. cos 2 x .cos 4 x =

sin 6 x sin x

4) sin x - 2sin x - sin 3 x = 2 2 6) cos2 x - 4 cos x - 2 x.sin x + x 2 + 3 = 0. 3) x = p + k 2p ; x = 6) x = 0 2) sin3 x + cos3 x = 2 2

p p p p +k 2) x = + k 8 2 14 7 4) v nghim 5) x = kp Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) tan 2 x.tan 7 x = 1

p + kp 2

x 3x x 3x 1 3 + cos x - sin x 1 x = 4) = 1 - tan 2 3) cos x .cos . cos - sin x .sin .sin 2 2 2 2 2 3cos x + 1 - sin x 2 2 x 5cos4 2 5) 3 - sin x + tan x = 6) log (1 + cos x ) = 2 2 sin x cos x p p p p 3 -1 2) x = + k 2p ; x = + a + k 2p , cos a = S: 1) x = + k 18 9 4 4 4 p p p 5p 3) x = - + kp ; x = - + k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p 4 2 6 6 4) x = k 2p ; x = 2a + k 2p (tan a = 5 - 1); x = -2 b + k 2p (tgb = 5 + 1) 5) v nghim 6) x =

Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

p + k2p 3
2) 9 cos3 x .cos 5 x + 7 = 9 cos3 x .cos x + 12 cos 4 x x x x p 3p 4) sin - cos = 1 - sin x thoa - . 2 2 2 2 4 6) sin1994 x + cos1994 x = 1 2) x = p + k 2p ; x = a + l 2p , cos a = 2 6) x = k 2 -1 3

1) tan x + tan 4 x = 2 tan 3 x

3) sin3 x + cos3 x = 2 - sin 4 x. 5)

1 + log3 cos x 32

+ 6=

1 + log 9 sin x 2 9

S: 1) x = kp ; x = 3) x =

p p +k 12 2

p p 5p 5p + k2p 4) x = , p , 2p , 5) x = + k 2p 2 2 2 12 Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 3 sin 3 x - 2sin 2 x = 2 3 sin x .cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x + cos 5 x + cos3 x 2 cos 2 x + cos x - 1
2

p 2

2) 2 cos13 x + 3(cos 5 x + cos3 x ) = 8cos x .cos3 4 x 3) = 22 3 sin x

4) sin x.tan 2 x + 3(sin x - 3. tan 2 x ) = 3 3 thoa 2 + log 1 x 0

2

5) 3 cot x + 4 cos x - 2 3 cot x - 4 cos x + 2 = 0 Trang 19

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng 3) x = k2p

p 2p p + k 2p ; x = + k 2p 2) x = k 3 3 12 p p p 5) x = + k2p 4) x = - + k , k 3 6 2 3 Bai 5. Tm m phng trnh: 1) sin 5 x = m.sin x c t nht mt nghim x kp (k Z ) .

S: 1) x = kp ; x =

3) 2 sin x - 1)(2 cos 2 x + 2 sin x + m) = 3 - 4 cos2 x c ng 2 nghim thuc [ 0; p ] . 4) cos 4 x + (1 - cos x )4 = m v nghim. 5) cos3 x + sin 3 x = m.sin x.cos x c nghim. 6) sin 2 x + sin 2 3 x - m.cos2 2 x = 0 c nghim. 5 m<5 2) m 2( 2 + 1) 4 1 4) m < m > 17 5) "m R 18 Bai 6. Tm m phng trnh: S: 1) 3) m < - 1 hay m > 3 hay m = 0. 6) m 0.

p 1 1 1 2) sin x + cos x + 1 + tan x + cot x + + = m c nghim x 0; . 2 sin x cos x 2

p p 1) 3 cos2 x + 2 sin x = m c nghim duy nht thuc on - ; . 4 4 2) sin x - cos x + 4sin 2 x = m c nghim. 3) 1 + 2 cos x + 1 + 2sin x = m c nghim. S: 1) 1) 2) 2 -4 m 65 . 3) 1 + 3 m 2 1 + 2 . 16

Bai 7. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

Trang 20

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic

THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Tm nghim thuc khong (0; 2p ) ca phng trnh:

cos3 x + sin 3 x 5 sin x + = cos 2 x + 3 1 + 2 sin 2 x p p x - 12 + mp x = 3 1 . PT 5cos x = 2 cos 2 x + 3 cos x = . HD: iu kin: 7p 5p 2 x x = + np 12 3
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 3 x - cos2 4 x = sin 2 5 x - cos2 6 x

p x = k 9 . HD: PT cos x.sin 9 x.sin 2 x = 0 sin 2 x.sin 9 x = 0 x = k p 2 Bai 3. (H 2002D) Tm x thuc on [0; 14] nghim ng phng trnh: cos 3 x - 4 cos 2 x + 3 cos x - 4 = 0 p 3p 5p 7p HD: PT 4 cos2 x (cos x - 2) = 0 cos x = 0 x = ; x = ;x = ;x = . 2 2 2 2 2sin x + cos x + 1 Bai 4. (H 2002Adb1) Cho phng trnh: = a (a l tham s). sin x - 2 cos x + 3 1 1. Gii phng trnh khi a = . 3 2. Tm a phng trnh c nghim. 1 p HD: 1) x = - + kp 2) - a 2 (a v PT bc 1 i vi sinx v cosx) 4 2 x Bai 5. (H 2002Adb2) Gii phng trnh: tan x + cos x - cos2 x = sin x 1 + tan x.tan . 2 x 1 cos x 0 HD: x = k2p . Ch : iu kin: v 1 + tan x.tan = . 2 cos x cos x -1 . cos 4 x 1 p 2p 5p 2p HD: iu kin: cosx 0. PT sin 3 x = x = + k ;x= +k . 2 18 3 18 3 sin 4 x + cos 4 x 1 1 Bai 7. (H 2002Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: = cot 2 x . 5sin 2 x 2 8sin 2 x 9 p HD: iu kin: sin2x 0. PT cos2 2 x - 5 cos 2 x + = 0 x = + kp . 4 6 1 Bai 8. (H 2002Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: = sin x . 8cos2 x cos x 0 HD: iu kin: sin x > 0 p 3p 5p 7p PT x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p 8 8 8 8 Bai 9. (H 2002Ddb2) Xc nh m phng trnh: Trang 21
4 Bai 6. (H 2002Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: tan x + 1 =

( 2 - sin2 2 x ) sin 3 x

Phng trnh lng gic

Trn S Tng

2 ( sin 4 x + cos 4 x ) + cos 4 x + 2 sin 2 x - m = 0 (*) p c t nht mt nghim thuc on 0; . 2 10 HD: - m -2 . 3 p t t = sin2x. (*) c nghim thuc 0; f (t ) = 3t 2 - 2t = m + 3 c nghim t[0;1] 2 cos 2 x 1 Bai 10. (H 2003A) Gii phng trnh: cot x - 1 = + sin 2 x - sin 2 x . 1 + tan x 2 HD: iu kin: sin x 0, cos x 0, tan x -1 .

p + kp . 4 2 Bai 11. (H 2003B) Gii phng trnh: cot x - tan x + 4sin 2 x = . sin 2 x p sin x 0 HD: iu kin: . PT 2 cos2 2 x - cos 2 x - 1 = 0 x = + kp . 3 cos x 0 x p x Bai 12. (H 2003D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 - tan 2 x - cos2 = 0 . 2 2 4 HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . x = p + k 2p PT (1 - sin x )(1 + cos x )(sin x + cos x ) = 0 . p x = - + kp 4
PT (cos x - sin x )(1 - sin x.cos x + sin 2 x ) = 0 x =
Bai 13. (H 2003Adb1) Gii phng trnh: cos 2 x + cos x ( 2 tan 2 x - 1) = 2 .

HD: iu kin: cosx 0.

p + k 2p 3 Bai 14. (H 2003Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 3 - tan x ( tan x + 2 sin x ) + 6 cos x = 0 . p HD: iu kin: cosx 0. PT (1 + cos 2 x )(3 cos2 x - sin 2 x ) = 0 x = + kp 3
PT (1 + cos x )(2 cos2 x - 5cos x + 2) = 0 x = (2k + 1)p , x =
Bai 15. (H 2003Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 3 cos 4 x - 8 cos6 x + 2 cos2 x + 3 = 0 .

p p + k , x = kp 4 2 ( 2 - 3 ) cos x - 2sin2 x - p 2 4 = 1. Bai 16. (H 2003Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 cos x - 1 1 p HD: iu kin: cos x . PT - 3 cos x + sin x = 0 x = + (2k + 1)p 2 3 2 ( cos x cos x - 1) Bai 17. (H 2003Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: = 2(1 + sin x ) . sin x + cos x p HD: iu kin: sin x + 0 . 4 p PT (1 + sin x )2 (1 + cos x ) = 0 x = - + kp , x = p + k 2p 2
HD: PT cos 2 x (-2 cos 4 x + 5cos2 x - 3) = 0 x = Trang 22

Trn S Tng
Bai 18. (H 2003Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: cot x = tan x +

Phng trnh lng gic 2 cos 4 x . sin 2 x

HD: iu kin: sin2x 0. PT 2 cos2 2 x - cos 2 x - 1 = 0 x =

Bai 19. (H 2004B) Gii phng trnh: 5sin x - 2 = 3(1 - sin x ) tan 2 x .

p + kp . 3

p x = 6 + k 2p . HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT 2sin 2 x + 3sin x - 2 = 0 x = 5p + k 2p 6 Bai 20. (H 2004D) Gii phng trnh: (2 cos x - 1)(2sin x + cos x ) = sin 2 x - sin x . p x = 3 + k 2p . HD: PT (2 cos x - 1)(sin x + cos x ) = 0 x = - p + kp 4
Bai 21. (H 2004Adb1) Gii phng trnh: 4 ( sin3 x + cos3 x ) = cos x + 3sin x .

HD: PT tan3 x - tan 2 x - 3tan x + 3 = 0 x =

Bai 22. (H 2004Adb2) Gii phng trnh:

p p + kp ; x = + kp . 4 3

1 - sin x + 1 - cos x = 1 .

u = 1 - sin x HD: t . PT v = 1 - cos x

u + v = 1 u = 0 u = 1 hoc 2 2 2 2 v = 1 v = 0 (1 - u ) + (1 - v ) = 1

x=

p + k 2p ; x = k 2p . 2

Bai 23. (H 2004Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos x +

p 1 1 = . + 4 sin x cos x

p sin x 0 HD: iu kin: . PT (cos x - sin x )(1 + sin 2 x ) = 0 x = + kp . 4 cos x 0 Bai 24. (H 2004Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 4 x .sin 7 x = cos3 x .cos 6 x . p p p HD: x = + k ; x = + kp . 20 10 2 Bai 25. (H 2004Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2sin x. cos 2 x + sin 2 x.cos x = sin 4 x. cos x . p HD: PT sin 3 x (cos 2 x - 1) = 0 x = k . 3
Bai 26. (H 2004Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin x + sin 2 x = 3(cos x + cos 2 x ) .

HD: PT x = p + k 2p ; x =

2p 2p +k 9 3

Bai 27. (H 2005A) Gii phng trnh: cos2 3 x.cos 2 x - cos2 x = 0 .

p . 2 Bai 28. (H 2005B) Gii phng trnh: 1 + sin x + cos x + sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 0 . p 2p HD: PT (sin x + cos x )(2 cos x + 1) = 0 x = - + kp ; x = + k 2p . 4 3 p p 3 Bai 29. (H 2005D) Gii phng trnh: cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos x - sin 3 x - - = 0 . 4 4 2
HD: PT 2 cos2 4 x + cos 4 x - 3 = 0 x = k Trang 23

Phng trnh lng gic HD: PT sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x - 2 = 0 x =

Trn S Tng

p + kp . 4 Bai 30. (H 2005Adb1) Tm nghim trn khong (0; p ) ca phng trnh: x 3p 4sin 2 - 3 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 cos2 x . 2 4 p 5p 17p 5p HD: PT cos 2 x + = cos(p - x ) x = ;x= ; x= . 6 18 18 6 p 3 Bai 31. (H 2005Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos x - - 3 cos x - sin x = 0 . 4
HD: PT cos3 x + sin 3 x + 3cos2 x.sin x + 3cos x.sin 2 x - 3cos x - sin x = 0 Xt 2 trng hp: cos x = 0 p a) Nu cos x = 0 th PT 3 x = + kp . 2 sin x - sin x = 0 b) Nu cos x 0 th ta chia 2 v ca PT cho cos3 x . p cos x 0 Khi : PT x = + kp . 4 tan x = 1 p p Vy: PT c nghim: x = + kp hoc x = + kp . 2 4

Bai 32. (H 2005Bdb1) Gii phng trnh : sin x.cos 2 x + cos2 x ( tan 2 x - 1) + 2sin3 x = 0 .

p x = 6 + k 2p HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1 = 0 . 5p x = + k 2p 6 p cos 2 x - 1 Bai 33. (H 2005Bdb2) Gii phng trnh : tan + x - 3tan 2 x = 2 cos2 x p HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT tan3 x = -1 x = - + kp . 4 3p sin x Bai 34. (H 2005Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: tan - x+ =2 . 2 1 + cos x p x = 6 + k 2p HD: iu kin: sin x 0 . PT 2sin x = 1 . 5p x = + k 2p 6 Bai 35. (H 2005Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 2 = 0 . p x = 6 + k 2p 1 5p sin x = 2 HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(sin x - cos x - 1) = 0 x = 6 + k 2p . sin x - p = 2 p 4 2 x = 2 + k 2p x = p + k 2p
Bai 36. (H 2006A) Gii phng trnh:

2 ( cos6 x + sin 6 x ) - sin x. cos x 2 - 2sin x Trang 24

=0.

Trn S Tng HD: iu kin: sin x

Phng trnh lng gic

2 p . PT 3sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x - 4 = 0 x = + kp . 2 4 5p i chiu iu kin, kt lun PT c nghim: x = + 2mp . 4 x Bai 37. (H 2006B) Gii phng trnh: cot x + sin x 1 + tan x .tan = 4 . 2 x HD: iu kin: sin x 0, cos x 0, cos 0 . 2 p x = 12 + kp cos x sin x 1 . PT + = 4 sin 2 x = sin x cos x 2 x = 5p + kp 12 Bai 38. (H 2006D) Gii phng trnh: cos 3 x + cos 2 x - cos x - 1 = 0 . x = kp 2 . HD: PT sin x(2 cos x + 1) = 0 2p + k 2p x = 3
Bai 39. (H 2006Adb1) Gii phng trnh:

cos3 x.cos3 x - sin 3 x.sin 3 x =

2+3 2 . 8

HD: PT cos 4 x =

2 p p x = +k . 2 16 2

Bai 40. (H 2006Adb2) Gii phng trnh:

HD: PT sin x (

Bai 41. (H 2006Bdb1) Gii phng trnh:

HD:

( 2sin2 x - 1) tan2 2 x + 3 ( 2 cos2 x - 1) = 0 . p p iu kin: cos 2 x 0 . PT cos 2 x ( tan 2 2 x - 3 ) = 0 x = + k .

6 2 cos 2 x + (1 + 2 cos x )(sin x - cos x ) = 0 .

p 2sin 2 x - + 4sin x + 1 = 0 . 6 x = kp 3 cos x + sin x + 2 ) = 0 . 7p + k 2p x = 6

Bai 42. (H 2006Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:

p x = 4 + kp p HD: PT (sin x - cos x )(cos x - sin x + 1) = 0 x = + k 2p . 2 x = p + k 2p

Bai 43. (H 2006Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:

cos3 x + sin 3 x + 2 sin 2 x = 1 . p x = - 4 + kp HD: PT (cos x + sin x )(1 - cos x )(sin x + 1) = 0 x = k 2p . x = - p + k 2p 2

Bai 44. (H 2006Ddb2) Gii phng trnh:

4sin3 x + 4sin 2 x + 3sin 2 x + 6 cos x = 0 . p x = - 2 + k 2p HD: PT (sin x + 1)(-2 cos2 x + 3cos x + 2) = 0 . 2p x = + k 2p 3 Trang 25

Phng trnh lng gic

Bai 45. (H 2007A) Gii phng trnh:

Trn S Tng

(1 + sin2 x ) cos x + (1 + cos2 x ) sin x = 1 + sin 2 x

p x = - 4 + kp p HD: PT (sin x + cos x )(1 - sin x )(1 - cos x ) = 0 x = + k 2p . 2 x = k 2p

Bai 46. (H 2007B) Gii phng trnh:

2sin 2 2 x + sin 7 x - 1 = sin x . p p x = 8 + k 4 p 2p . HD: PT cos 4 x ( 2sin 3 x - 1) = 0 ) x = + k 18 3 5p 2p x = 18 + k 3

2

x x Bai 47. (H 2007D) Gii phng trnh: sin + cos + 3 cos x = 2 . 2 2 p x = 2 + k 2p p 1 HD: PT 1 + sin x + 3 cos x = 2 cos x - = 6 2 x = - p + k 2p 6 1 1 = 2 cot 2 x . Bai 48. (H 2007Adb1) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + sin x 2 sin x sin 2 x p p HD: iu kin sin 2 x 0 . PT cos 2 x ( 2 cos2 x + cos x + 1) = 0 x = + k . 4 2 Bai 49. (H 2007Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 cos2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x + 1 = 3(sin x + 3 cos x ) . p p 2p HD: PT 2 cos2 x - - 3cos x - = 0 x = + kp . 6 6 3 5x p x p 3x Bai 50. (H 2007Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin - - cos - = 2 cos 2 2 4 2 4 p 2p x = 3 + k 3 3x p p HD: PT cos 2 cos x + + 2 = 0 x = + k 2p . 2 4 2 x = p + k 2p
Bai 51. (H 2007Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:

sin 2 x cos 2 x + = tan x - cot x . cos x sin x p HD: iu kin: sin 2 x 0 . PT cos x = - cos 2 x x = + k2p . 3 p Bai 52. (H 2007Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 sin x - cos x = 1 12 p p p p 5p HD: PT sin 2 x - = cos = sin x = + kp hay x = + kp . 4 3 12 12 12 Bai 53. (H 2007Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: (1 tan x )(1 + sin 2 x ) = 1 + tan x . Trang 26

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh lng gic

p HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT (cos x + sin x )(cos 2 x - 1) = 0 x = - 4 + kp . = x kp 7p 1 1 Bai 54. (H 2008A) Gii phng trnh: + = 4 sin - x. sin x 4 3p sin x 2 3p HD: iu kin: sin x 0, sin x 0. 2 p x = - 4 + kp 1 p PT (sin x + cos x ) + 2 2 = 0 x = - + kp 8 sin x cos x 5p x = 8 + kp
Bai 55. (H 2008B) Gii phng trnh:

sin3 x - 3 cos3 x = sin x cos2 x - 3 sin 2 x cos x . p p p HD: PT cos 2 x ( sin x + 3 cos x ) = 0 x = + k ; x = - + kp . 4 2 3 Bai 56. (H 2008D) Gii phng trnh: 2sin x (1 + cos 2 x ) + sin 2 x = 1 + 2 cos x . 2p p + k 2p ; x = + kp . 3 4 Bai 57. (H 2008Adb1) Tm nghim trn khong (0; p ) ca phng trnh: x 3p 4sin 2 - 3 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 cos2 x . 2 4 p HD: PT -2 cos x = 3 cos 2 x - sin 2 x cos 2 x + = cos (p - x ) 6 HD: PT (2 cos x + 1)(sin 2 x - 1) = 0 x = 5p 2p 7p +k hay x = + h2p 18 3 6 5p 17p 5p Do x (0; p ) nn ch chn x = ; x= ; x= . 18 18 6 p Bai 58. (H 2008Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos3 x - - 3 cos x - sin x = 0 . 4

x=

HD: PT cos3 x + sin 3 x + 3cos2 x.sin x + 3cos x.sin 2 x - 3cos x - sin x = 0 Xt 2 trng hp: cos x = 0 p a) Nu cos x = 0 th PT 3 x = + kp . 2 sin x - sin x = 0 b) Nu cos x 0 th ta chia 2 v ca PT cho cos3 x . p cos x 0 Khi : PT x = + kp . 4 tan x = 1 p p Vy: PT c nghim: x = + kp hoc x = + kp . 2 4

Bai 59. (H 2008Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin x cos 2 x + cos2 x ( tan 2 x - 1) + 2 sin 3 x = 0 .

HD: iu kin: cos x 0 x

p + kp . 2
Trang 27

Phng trnh lng gic PT 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1 = 0 x =

Trn S Tng

p 5p + k 2p ; x = + k 2p . 6 6 p cos 2 x - 1 . Bai 60. (H 2008Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: tan + x - 3tan 2 x = 2 cos2 x p HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT tan3 x = -1 x = - + kp . 4 3p sin x Bai 61. (H 2008Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: tan - x+ = 2. 2 1 + cos x p x = 6 + k 2p . HD: iu kin: sin x 0 . PT (cos x + 1)(2 sin x - 1) = 0 x = 5p + k 2p 6 Bai 62. (H 2008Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 2 = 0 1 sin x = 2 HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(sin x - cos x - 1) = 0 sin x - p = 2 4 2 p 5p p x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = p + k 2p . 6 6 2 (1 - 2sin x ) cos x Bai 63. (H 2009A) Gii phng trnh: = 3. (1 + 2sin x )(1 - sin x ) 1 HD: iu kin: sin x 1, sin x - . 2 p p PT cos x - 3 sin x = sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x cos x + = cos 2 x - 3 6 p 2p x = - +k . 18 3
Bai 64. (H 2009B) Gii phng trnh:

sin x + cos x.sin 2 x + 3 cos 3 x = 2 ( cos 4 x + sin 3 x ) . p x = - 6 + k 2p p HD: PT sin 3 x + 3 cos3 x = 2 cos 4 x cos 3 x - = cos 4 x . 6 x = p + k 2p 42 7

Bai 65. (H 2009D) Gii phng trnh:

3 cos 5 x - 2 sin 3 x cos 2 x - sin x = 0 . p p x = 18 + k 3 p 3 1 HD: PT cos 5 x - sin 5 x = sin x sin - 5 x = sin x . p p 2 2 3 x = - + k 6 2 p (1 + sin x + cos 2 x )sin x + 4 = 1 cos x Bai 66. (H 2010A) Gii phng trnh: 1 + tan x 2 HD: iu kin: cos x 0; 1 + tan x 0 . PT sin x + cos 2 x = 0 x = -

Bai 67. (H 2010B) Gii phng trnh:

p 7p + k 2p ; x = + k 2p . 6 6 (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) cos x + 2 cos 2 x - sin x = 0 .

Trang 28

Trn S Tng HD: PT (sin x + cos x + 2) cos 2 x = 0 x =

Phng trnh lng gic

p p +k . 4 2 Bai 68. (H 2010D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x - cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 1 = 0 . p 5p HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(cos x + sin x + 2) = 0 x = + k 2p ; x = + k 2p . 6 6 Bai 69. (H 2011A) 1.

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