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Bi 10: Cc ng dng vi card Hocdelam USB 9001 v HDL-9000 Hc xong bi ny, bn s nm c: Thng s k thut ca card Hocdelam USB-9001 v HDL-9000

Cch thu thp d liu nhanh chng vi Card Hocdelam-USB 9001 iu khin vn tc v v tr ng c DC theo thut ton PID s dng b th nghim a nng HDL-9000

10.1 Gii thiu card Hocdelam USB-9001 Card giao tip my tnh a nng gi r Hocdelam USB 9001 c chc nng tng ng cc card thu thp d liu USB do cc hng nc ngoi sn xut c trn th trng trong v ngoi nc nh NI USB 6008/6009-Hoa k, Advantech i Loan, vv. Card Hocdelam USB-9001 c th dng giao tip vi my tnh qua cng USB da theo chun RS232. c bit, y l sn phm phn cng do Hocdelam Group sn xut v lp trnh th vin y v d s dng hn nhng sn phm trn th trng. Vi card ny, ngi s dng c h tr ti liu ting Vit y v h tr trc tuyn thng qua kho v d mu ti website http://labview.hocdelam.org nhanh chng xy dng cc ng dng ca mnh. Xem v d LabVIEW mu: CD> Bai 10> Vi du Hocdelam-9000 PI.vi bit cch lp trnh PID iu khin ng c DC. V Video clip demo:CD/Demo/DC motor control.

Hnh 10.1 iu khin v tr ng c DC theo thut ton PID Mt v d khc l s dng card Hocdelam USB 9001 iu khin mt mobile robot nh hnh 10.2. Chi tit v lp trnh Robot 3D v iu khin PID vn tc robot s c cp nht trong ln ti bn tip theo ca cun sch ny.

Hnh 10.2 Thu thp d liu t cc cm bin vo my tnh phc v iu khin mobile robot Bn cng c th s dng card Hocdelam USB-9001 thc hin bi ton iu khin vn tc ng c DC thng gp trong cng nghip.

Hnh 10.3 iu khin vn tc ng c DC theo thut ton PID Ti by ny, bn c th ngh n vic t trang b cho mnh mt b dng c hc tp, nghin cu LabVIEW gi thnh thp (h tr gio dc) nh sau: STT 1 2 Tn Card Hocdelam USB9001(*) S lng 1 ci Gi tham kho 890.000 30.000

Cm bin nhit LM35, 1 b

bin tr, LED, TIP 122 3 4 5 6 Dy din c nh, li cng 1 m Dy USB ng c DC loi b Tua vt nh, kim, vv.. Tng cng (VN) 1 ci 1 ci 1 ci 5000 20.000 30.000 15000 990.000

Gim gi sinh vin v ging vin | Lin h: http://sanpham.hocdelam.org Hnh 10.4 B dng c hc tp v nghin cu LabVIEW gi thp 10.2 Cc ng dng vi Card Hocdelam USB-9001 Phn ny ln lt hng dn cc bn thc hin xy dng cc ng dng thc t vi card Hocdelam USB-9001 gm: Thu thp d liu t cc cm bin nhit , bin tr, nh sng, khong cch, vv. iu khin ng c DC theo thu ton P trong b PID. iu khin h thng lm mt

thc hin mt ng dng vi LabVIEW, ta phi: 1-Kt ni phn cng cn thit, 2-ci t phn mm cn thit, v 3-tin hnh lp trnh.

10.2.1 Phn cng Trng hp 1: Bn s dng card Hocdelam USB-9001 Kt ni phn cng theo s hnh 10.15: Ni chn Vout (chn gia ca bin tr, hoc chn Vout ca cm bin LM35 vo chn ADC 1 ca card Hocdelam USB-9001)

Hnh 10.5: Cch kt ni bin tr vo mch in Trng hp 1: Nu bn s dng b th nghim a nng HDL-9000 B th nghim a nng HDL-9000 l mt gi gii php ton din gi thnh thp (gm phn cng, phn mm ting Vit, bi ging son sn, v kho th vin v d mu) trong k thut dng o to o lng cm bin, iu khin thit b theo thut ton PID, Fuzzy logic, iu khin v gim st qua mng Internet, vv. trong cc ngnh c in t, t, t ng ha, vt l, vv. Hin ti c hn 400 lt ngi v doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc s dng b th nghim ny. Xem hnh 10.16.

Hnh 10.6 B th nghim a nng HDL-9000 o cm bin nhit hoc bin tr vi HDL-9000, bn ni cm bin vo mch in nh hnh di 10.17 Chn tn hiu ca cm bin. V d: Nu l bin tr th chn tn hiu chnh l chn gia. Hai chn ngun l hai chn ba ca bin tr.

Hnh 10.7 Kt ni cm bin vo b th nghim a nng HDL-9000 Ti y, bn hon tt phn cng, gi hy bt tay thc hin vic ci t phn mm.

10.2.2 Phn mm Khi giao tip ta cn ci t mt s phn mm nh sau: NI VISA, Hocdelam USB9001 Driver. Bn c th ti cc phn mm ny trn website: http://labview.hocdelam.org >Mc ti liu. Ci t NI-VISA (l cng c LabVIEW hiu c cc cng giao tip, y ta dng cng USB). M CD km theo sch bn s thy NI-VISA theo ng dn:CD> Phan mem> NI VISA 4.2. (Cc hnh hng dn ci t s khng c t tn) 1. Gii nn

2.

Chn OK

3.

Chn Unzip gii nn.

4.

Sau khi gii nn chn Run WinZip ri chn Next

5.

Chn Next

6.

Chn Next

7.

Chn Next

8.

Sau khi ch ci t xong, bn chn Finish

Ci t Hocdelam USB 9001 Driver card Hocdelam USB-9001 c th giao tip c vi my tnh (H iu hnh) ca bn. Nu my tnh ca bn l Windows XP Bn vo CD> Phan mem> 002 Hocdelam USB 9001 Driver> Gii nn Hocdelam USB 9001 Driver Windows XP.rar

Chy file: DRVINSTSE.EXE Chng trnh t ng ci t trong vi giy l hon thnh.

Bn thy hp thoi sau xut hin v t bin mt nhanh trn mn hnh th qu trnh ci t thnh cng.

Nu my tnh ca bn l Windows Vista hoc Windows 7 Bn vo CD> Phan mem> 002 Hocdelam USB 9001 Driver> Gii nn Hocdelam USB 9001 Windows7 Driver.rar Chy file: Hocdelam USB 9001 Windows7 Driver.exe v lm theo hng dn.

Chn Next khi hp thoi sau xut hin.

Chn Finish kt thc vic ci t.

n y bn hon thnh cng vic chun b. Gi ta bt tay vo lp trnh LabVIEW thu thp d liu t mt bin tr hoc mt cm bin nhit LM35. 10.2.3 o nhit LM35 Mc tiu ta phi thu thp c tn hiu t cm bin nhit ln my tnh v v mt th ca cm bin ny theo thi gian thc (thi gian o)

Hnh 10.8: Kt qu t c Hy cng bt tay vo thc hin vic lp trnh Bc 1: Kim tra cng kt ni ca card giao tip vi my tnh Kim tra xem my tnh nhn card cha. RC ln My computer> Chn Tab Hardware> Chn vo Port.

Card nhn ng khi v ch khi c dng ch t xanh trong hnh.

Kim tra cm bin xem cn tt khng o o Cp ngun 5V cho cm bin. chn Vout t do. o Vout bng ng h o in. Khi o, xoay bin tr th bn thy Vout s thay i tng ng vi s thay i ca v tr bin tr.

Bc 2: Lp trnh thu thp d liu lp trnh thu thp d liu ta ti file mi bng cch click vo File> New

Chn select a VI

Chn IO Library Hocdelam USB 9001 2009.

Right click ln Card port> Create control

To Indicator ADC1 (Tn hiu u ra ca bin tr phi c ni vi chn ADC 1 ca card Hocdelam USB 9001).

To While loop nh hnh

Chnh sa li front panel cho tin dng v quan st.

Kim tra s cng COM ca Card Hocdelam USB 9001.

Chn card ph hp

Vic cn lm tip theo l chuyn tn hiu ca vi iu khin (0-255) thnh tn hiu in p (0-5Volt). Ta bit rng, phn gii ca knh ADC ca card Hocdelam USB-9001 l 8bit nn gi tr t 0 n 5Volt ca cm bin s c chia thnh 28=256 gi tr (tc t 0 n 255). Do vy ta c cng thc chuyn gi tr s thnh gi tr in p thc nh sau:

Nh vy, ny chnh l gi tr in p Vout ca cm bin m ta o c bng ng h Voltmeter.

Bn hon thnh tt bi ton thu thp d liu t bin tr hoc cm bin nhit ln my tnh. Cng chng trnh ny, bn c th thay th cm bin nhit hoc bin tr, ng thi thay ng h bng mt ct ch th nhit nh hnh 10.16. tin quan st.

Tho lun v data flow, kiu d liu v kt ni phn cng Trc khi kt thc phn ny, chng ta hy cng tho lun v data flow (dng d liu), v kiu d liu trong LabVIEW. Data flow LabVIEW thc thi cc lnh t tri qua phi. quan st iu ny, bn chn hnh bng n bn cnh nt Pause, sau chy chng trnh. Bn s thy cc ht tn hiu chy t tri qua phi.

Kiu d liu l cng c gn di gi tr cho mt bin no . C nhiu loi kiu d liu vi s bit khc nhau. S bit cng cao th bin gn vi kiu d liu

cng c gi tr ln. i khi, cn phi thay i kiu d liu gi tr o c hin th ra mt cch chnh xc. Lu : Trong LabVIEW, dy hoc control, hoc indicator mu xanh th c gi tr l Unsigned 8 bit. Tc gi tr ti a ca cc khi ny l 255).

Lu khi lm vic vi phn cng trong LabVIEW l trc khi khi ng phn mm LabVIEW, ta phi cm card USB vo my. Nu LabVIEW ang c m v card cha cm th ta tt LabVIEW i v cm card vo, sau khi ng LabVIEW ln. Nu lm ng ht cc bc m bn khng giao tip c phn cng c tn hiu t cm bin th hy lin lc supports@hocdelam.org hoc labview.help@gmail.com c h tr.

10.3 iu khin PID ng c DC 10.3.1 L thuyt iu khin PID C th ni b iu khin PID (vit tt ca: ProportionalIntegralDerivative Controller) l mt trong nhng b iu khin ph bin v quan trng nht trong cc thit b v h thng cng nghip t a CD ti vn tc xe t u c thc hin bi cc thut ton PID. Ti liu ny dng iu khin cc h thng vt l nh ng c DC (Xem hnh 10.9), h thng li t ng trn robot, t, l nhit, vv.

Hnh 10.9 S iu khin ng c DC theo thut ton PID iu khin PID l g? B iu khin PID (ProportionalIntegralDerivative Controller) l mt b hiu chnh c phn hi nhm lm gi tr sai lch ca mt tn hiu ang c iu khin bng khng. B PID c ba thnh phn: proportional - t l, integral - tch phn, v derivative - o hm), ba thnh phn ny u c vai tr a sai lch v khng. Tnh cht tc ng ca mi thnh phn c c im ring c kho st chi tit trong phn sau. Tn hiu phn hi (feedback signal) thng l tn hiu thc c o bng cm bin. Gi tr sai lch l hiu ca tn hiu t (setpoint) tr cho tn hiu phn hi. - PID l b iu khin thng dng nht trong cng nghip v tnh d p dng, v mang li cht lng iu khin n nh cho h thng. C th, b iu khin PID thng s dng trong iu khin ng c DC, robot, cc h thng trong t, iu khin p xut, bng truyn, vv. V d: Bi iu khin ng c trong hnh 10.9 c gi s c dng iu khin v tr ca u 1 gn trn thanh kim loi trt khng ma st trn b mt 3 thanh di chuyn t A n B nh hnh 10.10.

Hnh 10.10 C cu cn iu khin v tr 10.3.2 Bn cht ton hc ca thut ton PID S ca h thng trong hnh 10.9 c v li thnh hnh 10.11.

Hnh 10.11 B PID iu khin v tr Mt b iu khin PID c s nh hnh trn. Trong b iu khin PID, sai lch c tnh bng hiu gi tr t hoc im t (Set point ) tr cho gi tr thc t o c (measured value ca h thng ). (10.1) Hot ng ca h thng iu khin v tr. B PID ny s c v hiu gi tr m ngi iu khin mong mun (gi l gi tr t, y l v tr ca B c ta xB=20cm), thng ngi iu khin a gi tr t vo b iu khin PID thng qua GUI (Graphical user interface - giao din ngi dng ha). B iu khin PID s tnh sai lch e, v qua b PID thnh tn hiu iu khin u(t)1 tnh theo cng thc 10.2, sai lch sau khi tnh ton c truyn ra ngoi h thng thc thng qua card vo/ra (I/O) nh card Hocdelam USB-9001 hoc NI 6009 y tn hiu lc ny l tn hiu in p v c gi l u(t)2. Sau , tn hiu ny c

khuch i nh mt b Driver (v d Motor driver) tng tn hiu cng sut iu khin c cu chp hnh (ng c DC), gi l tn hiu U(t). Tn hiu iu khin ng c s iu khin c cu 5, khi ng c quay th thanh kim loi trc theo phng X v u 1 di chuyn dn t A ti B. Hon thnh mt vng iu khin. Sau b iu khin PID s lin tc thc hin li vic tnh ton sai lch ca v tr t (v tr B) so vi gi tr v tr thc t (measured signal) ca u 1 (nh vo b o v tr gn vi ng c), Nu gi tr sai lch vn cn th b iu khin PID tip tc pht ra tn hiu quay ng c cho ti khi gi tr thc t ca dng c trng khp vi gi tr t. Tc khi sai lch s bng 0. Chng no cn sai lch th b iu khin PID cn hot ng hiu chnh tn hiu iu khin. Bn cht ton hc ca b PID s c gii thch trong cng thc 10.2. Gi tr tn hiu a vo ng c c tnh l:

(10.2) : tn hiu iu khin, l tn hiu do b PID sinh ra, (thng tn hiu ny i qua mt module cng sut) v i vo h thng (ng c mt chiu). C n v ph thuc phn cng, nh i vi iu khin ng c mt chiu 24V thng qua module cng sut l mt Motor driver 24V th c n v l Volt. : Khu t l. : cc h s t l, tch phn v vi phn ca b PID sai lch ti thi im hin ti. : Din tch S to bi ng cong gi tr thc t (xem hnh 1.21), ng thng gi tr t, v cc cn l thi im trc v sau mt vng iu khin (cng chnh l thi gian thc hin ht mt vng lp ton b chng trnh iu khin K trong th 10.12) hay ni cch khc Kchnh l n v thi gian trch mu (thng thi gian trch mu b khong ms thm ch nano giy). Vy tch phn t 0 t ca sai lch nhn vi thi gian ly mu (trong cng thc 10.2) chnh l tng hp cc sai lch t khi h thng bt u c iu khin ti thi im h thng ang hot ng hin ti.

Hnh 10.12 M t gi tr t, gi tr o c v din tch sai lch Cc h s lun khng m: Tc : Tc thay i ca sai lch ti thi im hin ti.

ngha cc h s gain trong b PID khi tng cc h s -

c lp nhau

Vi cng mt gi tr , nu tng , th tn hiu iu khin tng. tng ng ngha in p tc ng vo ng c mt chiu tng ln, in p tng s lm lm gim nhanh hn c ngha hiu gi tr t v gi tr o c s gim nhanh hn. Khi ta gi kh nng p ng ca thng nhanh. p ng ca h thng c xem l cng nhanh khi thi gian cn thit tn hiu u ra ca h thng t ti gi tr t cng nh. Tuy nhin,

khi qu ln, th h thng khng n nh v c hin tng gi tr o c ca h thng vt qu gi tr t, gi l vt l (overshoot). c tc dng lm tng tc p ng v n cng lm tng in p(U(t)) t vo ng c. ng thi khu ny lm sai lch tnh (steady-state

error) tr v 0 nh vo c tnh cng dn sai lch ca php ton tch phn. Sai lch tnh l sai lch sau khi tn hiu u ra ca h thng n nh. Khu D c tc dng lm n nh h thng. Khi i du tc gi tr phn hi ln hn gi tr setpoint, th khu D n c tc dng lm gim tn hiu iu khin Phng php nh b thng s (Cc h s gain) th cng thng da vo vic th nghim cc thng s. Ta xc lp cc h s Kp, bng khng. Sau tng dn Kp cho ti khi vt l t bng gn 1,5 ln gi tr t. Hiu chnh cho sai lch tnh bng khng. V hiu chnh cho h thng gim rung lc. Ngoi ra bn cn c th thc hin vic chn cc h s ny bng phng php tm cc h s ca ZiglerNichols nh bng 10.1. Bng 10.1: Phng php chnh PID (Phng php ZieglerNichols) Dng iu khin Kp 0.50Ku P 0.45K PI 0.60Ku PID Ku: Gi tr Kp lm cho h thng mt n nh 150%. Pu: Khong thi gian dao ng ca tn hiu o c. Cao hn phng php xc nh cc h s bng tay th cn phng php xc nh b gain Kp, Ki, v Kd t ng s c cp nht cc tp sch tip theo cng tc gi.
-

Ki

Kd

1.2Kp / Pu

2Kp / Pu

KpPu / 8

10.3.4 Thc hnh iu khin PID cho ng c DC thc hnh b iu khin PID, chng ti chn card Hocdelam USB 9001, phn cng hon thin nh hnh 10.13 v s mch in hnh 10.14.

Hnh 10.13 S kt ni phn cng iu khin PID ng c DC

Hnh 10.14 S mch in kt ni phn cng iu khin PID ng c DC Thut ton iu khin ng c DC trong LabVIEW c lu di dng FileCD>Bai 10> DC motor P control.vi

Hnh 10.23 Kt qu lp trnh P control cho ng c DC

Hnh 10.16 Giao din ngi dng iu khin P cho ng c DC

p ng ca v tr ng c DC theo thut ton P kh tt. Thi gian p ng l 0.2 giy vi . Sai lch tin ti khng sau 0.5 giy. Xem hnh 10.17.ng mu trng l gi tr t, ng mu l gi tr p ng (gi tr o c t Encoder), mu vng l sai lch.

Hnh 10.17 p ng ca v tr ng c DC Do gii hn cun sch ny ch cp cc vn c bn nht trong LabVIEW nn m rng v t lp trnh c bi ton PID, bn hy c bi iu khin ng c DC theo thut ton PID cho mi ngi, TS. Nguyn B Hi ti website LabVIEW Hocdelam theo ng dn : http://labview.hocdelam.org> Nghin cu> Bo khoa hc Qua CD km theo sch, tc gi cng tng v d mu iu khin PI cho cc bn t tm hiu v khm ph. BD ca bi ton iu khin PI c cho hnh 10.26.Xem v d mu ti CD> Bai 10> Vi du Hocdelam-9000 PI.vi

Hnh 10.26 iu khin khu PI v tr ng c DC

Bn c bit? Xem video demo v iu khin PID trong CD> Demo>

DC Motor Control. Bn c th lin lc supports@hocdelam.org hoc hotline: 0937 159 700 ng k thc min ph hnh bi ton iu khin ng c DC theo thut ton PID ti phng th nghim ca Hocdelam Group (ti Th c, Qun 6, v H Ni). Do lch ng k thc hnh kh ng, nn bn s phi ch theo th t ng k. Thng thng, bn s c xp lch sau 4 ngy tnh t khi ng k.

Bi tp: Cu 1: Thc hnh o lng cm bin nhit LM35 vo my tnh v v th nhit da vo card Hocdelam USB-9001. Cu 2: Thu thp tn hiu t mt Encoder vo my tnh qua card Hocdelam USB9001. (Gi : Xem v d mu: CD> Bai 10> Doc encoder.vi) Cu 3: Thc hnh iu khin khu P cho ng c DC (v tr v vn tc). Cu 4: Hy m t hot ng ca b iu khin PID v cch chn cc h s trong b iu khin. Cu 5: Thc hnh lp trnh iu khin khu PI v tr ng CD Cu 6: Hy gii thch ti sao khu I trong b iu khin PID c th kh c sai lch tnh ca h thng? Cu 7: Bn cn nm mt s thut ng ting Anh trong iu khin t ng trong hnh sau (hy s dng t in tra t).

Ngun hnh: Wikipedia) Tham kho bi 10 [1] Wikipedia.org [2] Controls.ame.nd.edu/ame437/S2003/hw1 [3] TS. Nguyn B Hi, iu khin PID v tr ng c DC vi LabVIEW, Hocdelam Group, 2009. [4] TS. Nguyn B Hi, Thc S Ng Hi Bc, PGS. TS. Jee-Hwan Ryu iu khin bn vng ng c DC Hi tho khoa hc quc t URAI, Seoul, Hn Quc.

Bi 1: Gii thiu LabVIEW Hc xong bi ny, bn s nm c:

Khi nim v LabVIEW v mt s thut ng Phn bit c LabVIEW vi cc ngn ng khc

1.1 LabVIEW l g? LabVIEW (vit tt ca Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) l mi trng ngn ng ha hiu qu trong vic giao tip a knh gia con ngi, thut ton v cc thit b. Gi LabVIEW l ngn ng ha hiu qu v v cch thc lp trnh, LabVIEW khc vi cc ngn ng C (hay Python, Basic, vv.) im thay v s dng cct vng (t kha) c nh th LabVIEW s dng cc khi hnh nh sinh ng v cc dy ni to ra cc lnh v cc hm nh trong hnh 1.1. Cng chnh v s khc bit ny m LabVIEW gip cho vic lp trnh tr nn n gin hn bao gi ht, c bit, LabVIEW rt ph hp i vi k s, nh khoa hc, hay ging vin. Chnh s n gin, d hc, d nh gip cho LabVIEW tr thnh mt trong nhng cng c ph bin trong cc ng dng thu thp d liu t cc cm bin, pht trin cc thut ton, v iu khin thit b ti cc phng th nghim trn th gii.

Hnh 1.1: M ngun vit bng LabVIEW V ngha k thut, LabVIEW cng c dng lp trnh ra cc chng trnh (source code: m ngun) trn my tnh tng t cc ngn ng lp trnh da trn ch (text-based language) nh C, Python, Java, Basic, vv. ng thi, LabVIEW h tr cc k s, nh khoa hc v sinh vin, vv. xy dng (thc thi) cc thut ton mt cch nhanh, gn, sng to, v d hiu nh cc khi hnh nh c tnh gi nh v cch thc hot ng theo kiu dng d liu (data flow) ln lt t tri qua phi. Cc thut ton ny sau c p dng ln cc mch in v c cu chp hnh thc nh vo vic kt ni h thng tht vi LabVIEW thng qua nhiu chun giao tip nh chun giao tip RS232 (giao tip qua cng COM), chun USB, chun giao tip mng TCP/IP, UDP, chun GPIB, vv. V vy LabVIEW l mt ngn ng giao tip a knh.

LabVIEW h tr hu ht cc h iu hnh (Windows (2000, XP, Vista, Windows7), Linux, MacOS, Window Mobile, Window Embedded. Hin ti, LabVIEW 2010 l phin bn mi nht. Mt s phin bn c ca LabVIEW bao gm 2009, 8.6, 8.5, 7.1, 6i. Nhn chung hai phin bn k nhau 2010 v 2009 khng c s khc nhau nhiu. Tuy nhin c s khc bit ng k gia cc bn LabVIEW 7.1, LabVIEW 8.5 v LabVIEW 2009. Bn c th chn mt trong ba phin bn sau cng dng cho vic hc lp trnh, trong cun sch ny, chng ti s dng LabVIEW 2009.

Bn c bit? LabVIEW c tin s James Truchard, i hc Taxas, Hoa K sng to ra vo nm 1986, v tr thnh mt cng c khng th thiu trong cc ngnh k thut. sn phm u tin bt u trong nh xe ca Ch tch, CEO v ng sng lp NI James Truchard Austin, Texas, Hoa K.

1.2 Cc ng dng ca LabVIEW LabVIEW c s dng trong cc lnh vc o lng, t ng ha, c in t, robotics, vt l, ton hc, sinh hc, vt liu, t, vv. Nhn chung: - LabVIEW gip k s kt ni bt k cm bin, v bt k c cu chp hnh no vi my tnh. - LabVIEW c th c s dng x l cc kiu d liu nh tn hiu tng t (analog), tn hiu s (digital) hnh nh (vision), m thanh (audio), vv. - LabVIEW h tr cc giao thc giao tip khc nhau nh RS232, RS485, TCP / IP, PCI, PXI, v nh vy. - Bn cng c th to ra cc thc thi c lp v cc th vin chia s (v d th vin lin kt ng DLL), bi v LabVIEW l mt trnh bin dch 32bit.

LabVIEW tr nn ph bin cc phng th nghim cc quc gia pht trin, . Phn ny trnh by mt s ng dng ca LabVIEW tiu biu trong cc lnh vc khc nhau. ng dng o lng, trong hnh 1.2 l giao din thu thp d liu cc thng tin cn thit ca tu v tr c nh ti c quan hng khng v v tr NASA, Hoa K.

Hnh 1. 2. Thu thp d liu ti C quan hng khng v v tr - NASA ng dng hnh 1.3 ny gii thiu p dng ca vic s dng LabVIEW v card Hocdelam USB 9001 hoc NI USB 6008 thc hin o tn hiu, v biu c tuyn cc cm bin trong t v thc nghim thut ton chuyn i cm bin nhm h gi thnh sa cha xe t. ng dng ny c thc hin ti i hc S phm K thut Tp.HCM nm 2008.

Hnh 1.3 Thu thp d liu t cm bin o gi trong t v th nghim thut ton chuyn i cm bin iu khin xe t t xa, hnh 1.4 l giao din iu khin t by ch (xe Captival) t xa c thc hin bi thnh vin Hocdelam Group ti phng th

nghim Biorobotics, Hn Quc. Giao din ny hon ton c xy dng trong mi trng lp trnh LabVIEW c kh nng hin th cc thng s v tn hiu thc nh: vn tc xe, mc xng, v tr tay s ca xe, video truyn t xe qua mng khng dy, m thanh t ng c t l thun vi v tr bm ga cng c gi lp lm cho vic iu khin xe t xa ging vi vic li xe trc tip nhm nng cao cht lng iu khin xe.

Hnh 1.4 Giao din li t t xa M phng 3D, hnh 1.5 m t ng dng m phng mt cnh tay robot n gin do Thc s Trung Hiu thc hin.

Hnh 1.5: iu khin tay Robot iu khin phng tin khng ngi li, hnh 1.6 m t ng dng LabVIEW iu khin robot khng ngi li nhm d tm v khm ph di nc ca tp on Nexans.

Hnh 1.6 Robot di nc (Spider) c pht trin da trn ca cng ty Nexans Thu thp hnh nh v m phng ng lc hc, hnh 1.7 trnh by ng dng m phng h thng li khng trc li trong t. ng thi, hnh nh t webcam (webcam thng thng gn qua cng USB) c thu thp v a ln giao din ngi dng (Graphical User Interface GUI). Xem chi tit ti ny bng cch search google cm t sau: Steer-By-Wire Systems with Realistic Steering Feel. Xem video clip Steer-by-wire.avi v file Steer-By-Wire Systems with Realistic Steering Feel.pdf trong CD km theo sch ny.

Hnh 1.7 H thng li khng trc li ti phng th nghim Biorobotics, KUT, Hn Quc Thut ton iu khin t ng v tr ng c DC theo thut ton PID v giao din trc quan trong hnh 1.8 c Hocdelam Group vit da trn c s phn

mm LabVIEW. Vi giao din ny, ngi iu khin s d dng quan st gi tr v tr mong mun, v v tr thc t ca ng c, ng thi, so snh v nh gi c tc p ng, n nh ca ng c DC trong qu trnh vn hnh.

Hnh 1.8 iu khin ng c DC theo thut ton PID

o lng, gim st v iu khin h thng cng nghip (SCADA), hnh 1.9 trnh by ng dng ca LabVIEW trong h thng iu khin v gim st dng trong cng nghip.

Hnh 1.9: o lng, gim st v iu khin trong cng nghip Ti y, bn hnh dung phn no nhng ch li v sc mnh ca ngn ng lp trnh ha LabVIEW. Vy, chng ta hy cng bt tay vo hc v s dng LabVIEW nh. 1.3 Download v ci t LabVIEW

hc v lm vic vi LabVIEW, ta ch cn ci bn LabVIEW dng th (evaluation version), so vi phin bn c bn quyn (nh bn professional version) th bn dng th c gii hn 30 ngy (bn c th ci li sau khi ht hn dng tip lu di) v s th vin hm (function library) sn c b gii hn. Tuy nhin, tht may mn l ta hon ton c th t xy dng cc th vin ny t nhng hm c bn c sn trong bn dng th. Hy yn tm hc v s dng LabVIEW nu bn cha c kinh ph trang b cho mnh LabVIEW c bn quyn nh. Bn ti phn mm LabVIEW 2009 ti http://labview.hocdelam.org hoc mua b a CD phn mm LabVIEW v gio trnh lp trnh LabVIEW qua Email: supports@hocdelam.org. Nhn chung, cc phin bn LabVIEW 8.5, 8.6 v 2010 cng c ci t tng t. V cch thc ci t, ta ci LabVIEW nh cc phn mm thng thng nh sau: Gii nn file LabVIEW 2009.rar, chy file Setup.exe trong th mc LabVIEW 2009. Sau bn ci t phn mm theo cc bc ln lt cc hnh sau (cc hnh ny khng c nh s hnh).

Chn Next

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Chn I accept v chn Next

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Chn Later nu c hi ci Driver v chn Finish hon thnh vic ci t.

Nu gp kh khn trong vic ti phn mm v ci t LabVIEW, gi email v supports@hocdelam.org, h tr nhanh qua ng dy nng: 0937 159 700. 1.4 Phng php hc LabVIEW hiu qu hc LabVIEW nhanh v hiu qu, bn nn:

T mnh lp trnh li cc v d v bi tp trong sch sau khi ci t phn mm LabVIEW. Trong qu trnh hc lun thc hin 3 quy tc vng khi lp trnh. Ba quy tc ny c trnh by ti bi 2. Hc nhanh LabVIEW c bn qua cc video clip (Download min ph ti: http://labview.hocdelam.org

Bn c bit? i vi vic hc lp trnh th con ng duy nht, nhanh nht gii l bn phi thc hnh.

Ti liu ting Vit khc c th tm ti: labview.hocdelam.org vagam.hocdelam.org ino.com.vn google.com.vn (bn cn search cc t kha bng ting Vit nh ti liu labview, gio trnh labview,).

Ti liu ting Anh c th tm ti: ni.com lava.org

google.co.uk (bn cn search cc t kha bng ting Anh nh LabVIEW tutorial, labview book, labview demonstration, labview application,vv). Mt s cun sch tham kho gm: LabVIEW for everyone, LabVIEW advanced programing technique, vv.

ng k cc kha hc thng qua cc trnh o to LabVIEW ti Vit Namc cung cp bi cc trung tm, trng hc sau: Hocdelam Group cung cp cc chng trnh o to theo nhu cu ca doanh nghip, nh my, trng hc v c nhn trong c nc (ng k nhanh qua in thoi: 0937 159 700). i vi ngi bn rn, bn c th ng k hc LabVIEW trc tuyn (online) ti http://labview.hocdelam.org. Trng i hc S Phm K thut thnh ph H Ch Minh t chc cc chng trnh o to cc kha hc lin quan LabVIEW cho hc vin sau i hc, sinh vin h i hc chnh quy ngnh C kh ng lc. Cc kha lp trnh LabVIEW c bn ti Trng Kinh T K thut Ph Lm, Q6, Tp.HCM. Phng o to cng ty VTK, H Ni. Hc ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi dch v k thut LINH PH, Q. G Vp, Tp.HCM. Nu c vn ting Anh tt, bn c th ng k hc trc tuyn ti http://ni.com.

Xy dng ng dng thc t hc nhanh LabVIEW v xy dng c cc ng dng thc t bn c th trang b phn cng nh card giao tip my tnh dng thc tp thu thp tn hiu

cm bin v iu khin t ng ng c, l nhit,... vi LabVIEW. a ch cung cp phn cng trc tuyn hoc ti Tp.HCM. http://ni.com (ting Anh) htt://sanpham.hocdelam.org (ting Vit) http://ino.com.vn Cng ty Tn Minh Giang, P.10 - Q. G Vp - Tp.HCM. Cng ty TNHH thng mi dch v k thut LINH PH, Q. G Vp, Tp.HCM.

1.5 Bi tp Cu 1: Hy nu khi nim v LabVIEW Cu 2: Source code l g? Cu 3: u im ca ngn ng lp trnh ha LabVIEW so vi cc ngn ng khc lp trnh khc l g? Cu 4: Nu mt s ng dng ca LabVIEW trong gio dc v cng nghip

Tham kho [1] http://labview.hocdelam.org [2] http://ni.com [3] Nguyn B Hi Tht n gin: iu khin ng c DC theo thut ton PID, 2010. [4] wikipedia.org [5] Ngun mt s hnh nh trong bi vit thuc v cc n v xy dng chng trnh . Chng ti th li v cha xin c bn quyn hnh nh. Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW Hc xong bi ny, bn s nm c: Cu trc chung ca mt chng trnh LabVIEW Ba quy tc vng khi lp trnh LabVIEW Cc php ton trong LabVIEW Lu file, tm v d, cc cng c tr gip

2.1 Chng trnh u tin: Php cng hai s x,y n gin, hy xem LabVIEW nh phn mm son tho vn bn Microsoft Office Word. V vic son tho vn bn trong Word cng tng t vic to ra Source Code trong LabVIEW. Hy cng lm thc hin chng u tin Php cng hai s x,y nh sau:

Bnh thng, cng hai s x,y bng my tnh b ti (pocket caculator) nh Hnh 2.1. V d x=2, y=3, th ta phi nhn s 2, nhn du +, v nhn s 3, sau nhn du =, v kt qu s hin th ra mt mn hnh LCD. Nh vy ta s c haint nhn (2 v 3) nhp gi tr, mt LCD hin th gi tr ra ca php cng, v hm cng (+).

Hnh 2.1 My tnh b ti Trong LabVIEW, cc nt nhn c gi l cc Control, cc LCD gi l ccIndicator. Php cng gi l hm (Function). Cc control v indicator s nm ca s trc (Front panel), v hm nm ca s sau (Block diagram), cn gi l ca s cha cc s khi. Xem thm Hnh 2.2.

Hnh 2.2: Phn tch v d tng ca x v y By gi ta thc hin trong LabVIEW. Khi ng LabVIEW bng cch vo: All program> National instruments> LabVIEW 2009> LabVIEW. Hp thoi xut hin v bn chn vo Ca s giao din LabVIEW xut hin nh Hnh 2.3.

Hnh 2.3: Ca s giao din LabVIEW khi mi khi ng To file mi: Tng t trnh to vn bn Microsoft Office Word, to file mi ta c 3 cch: chn Blank VI (VI trng) (Hoc chn: File> New hoc phm ttCtrl+N), ta thy xut hin hai ca s - mu xm (Front panel) v mu trng(Block diagram) nh trong Hnh 2.4. Nhn Ctrl+T canh u hai ca s Front panel (FP) v Block diagram (BD).

Hnh 2.4: Front panel v Block digram To control nhp s 2 v 3 nh sau: Click chut phi (Right click) ln front panel (FP) ly khi Numeric Control bng cch click chn khi nh[hnh 2.5].

Hnh 2.5 Ly numeric control trn FP

FP -

R chut ra vng trng ca FP , chn v tr cn t Control ny. Nhn chut tri (Left Click) chut phi th Control xung Nhp ch A vo mc t en thay i tn khi Tng t ta to khi B c hai khi A,B To indicator hin th kt qu ca tng nh sau:

Right click ln FP, vo Num Inds (Numeric Indicator) ly khi Numeric Indicator bng cch click chn khi nh Hnh 2.6.

Hnh 2.6 Ly numeric indicator trn FP

Th xung vng trng ca FP. Sa tn khi ny thnh A+B. Ta c Ly hm cng (+) thc hin php cng hai s 2 v 3 bng cch:

Right Click ln Block Diagram (BD). Chn vo du mi hai mi tn x ca s xung.

Hnh 2.7: Ly hm cng ti BD

Chn vo th vin chn Express>

, chn vo

, chn hm cng nh Hnh 2.8.

. Hoc

, chn hm cng

2.8 Ly hm cng ti BD t ra vng trng trong BD (khng th t hm ti FP). Ta

c Di chut ra cc v tr u (hnh ca cc khi Control v Indicator), s thy hnh cun ch hin ra, Left Click khi cun ch hin ra, sau r chut ti u ni ca hm cng ri nht Left Click kt ni. Tng t, ta ni B vo hm cng. V ni u nhn bn phi ca tam gic hm cng vo Indicator A+B

Ta c (Xem v d ny trong CD km theo ti ng dn: CD/Bi 2/Vi du2-1 - Phep cong hai so A,B.vi Chy chng trnh

Nhp gi tr 2 vo Control A, 3 vo Control B Nhn nt Run c hnh tam gic bn FP hoc bn BD u c chy chng trnh. Indicator A+B xut ra gi tr (tr v gi tr) 5: Nh vy, bn va hon thnh chng trnh u tin trong LabVIEW. Xin chc mng bn! Lu : Th vin hm Express l tp con ca th vin Programming. Ni cch khc l nhng hm t trong th vin Express u c trong th vin Programming. Th vin Express ch cha nhng hm thng dng. 2.2 Phn tch cu trc mt bi trnh LabVIEW Qua v d mc 2.1 ta thy, mt chng trnh LabVIEW (d n gin nht hay phc tp nht cng c to nn mt cch rt n gin t 4 thnh phn c bn sau: cc khi Control ng vai tr input (hay gi tr nhp vo), cc Indicatorng vai tr Ouput (gi tr hin th ra, kt qu), cc hm v cc ng dy ni(wire) cc khi v hm li. Nu bn thc hin c chng trnh php cng trn th mi chng trnh phc tp sau ny bn cng s hon ton thc hin c khi theo di k cc tp sch ny. Cc Control th lun ni vo cc nt bn tri ca hm. Cc Indicator th lun ni vo cc nt bn tri ca hm nh Hnh 2.9. c im ny l mt lu v cng quan trng khi s dng qui tc vng Change to sau ny.

Hnh 2.9 Cc nt bn tri v bn phi ca hm cng

Ta cng nhn thy, cc Control th c cc nt mi tn ln-xung tng gim gi tr (hoc nhp trc tip vo Control). Cc Indicator th khng th nhp gi tr vo. Control th c mu trng, cn Indicator th c mu xm. Mt Control c th i thnh Indicator (hoc Constant) bng cch nhp Right Click ln Control cn i, chn Change to Indicator. Hoc ngc li, mt Indicator c th i thnh Control bng php Change to Control c cp chi tit mc 2.3. Constant chnh l mt Control c gi tr khng i sut thi gian chy (Run) chng trnh. Cc Control v Indicator u c nh ca chnh mnh bn BD, nh ny t ng to ra khi ta ly cc Control v Indicator bn FP.

Bn c bit? Hng dn thc hin php cng ny cn c trnh by di dng Video Clip c th download c min ph t http://labview.hocdelam.org.

2.3 Ba quy tc vng Ba quy tc vng l nhng hot ng phi thc hin lin tc trong sut qu trnh lp trnh LabVIEW. Ba quy tc ny l: Quy tc 1: Right Click> Create/Replace/Change to ly cc khi, to khi, thay th khi v i chc nng khi. Quy tc 2: Ctrl + H xem s chn ca hm v c hng dn tm tt ca mt hm bt k (context help). Quy tc 3: Search tm kim cc hm, i tng Nu bit kt hp cc quy tc ny, vic lp trnh LabVIEW ca bn s t hiu qu cao nh: rt ngn thi gian, gim bt cc cng on vo th vin ly Control, Indicator, vv. Hy xem cch p dng quy tc th nht (Quy tc 1) trong v d tnh tng hai s A+B trn nh sau: - Ly hm cng t BD nh Hnh 2.8 - R chut vo 2 nt pha tri hm (Hnh 2.9) cho ti khi hnh cun ch hin ra . Right Click, chn Create, chn Control.

Hnh 2.10 Cch to Control theo quy tc vng 1 - Tng t, ta to Control th 2. - R chut ln nt bn tri cn li ca hm. Right Click, Chn Create, Chn Indicator nh Hnh 2.11.

Hnh 2.11: Cch to Indicator theo quy tc vng 1 Nh vy, khi p dng quy tc vng 1 gip b qua vic ly cc Control v Indicator t FP v gip vic lp trnh tr nn nhanh hn, hn ch s ln Click chut tm cc khi cn thit trong lp trnh. V quy tc Ctrl+H, hy ly hm cng ra ti Block Diagram, v nhn Ctrl+H, sau a chut ln hm cng. Ta s thy s chn v li gii thch v hm cng, nu nhn tip Ctrl+H ln na th s chn s n i.

Hnh 2.12 Context help hin th s chn ca Control (x,y) v Indicator (x+y) V quy tc Search, bn chn Right Click vo FP hoc BD, sau chn ch Search gc phi pha trn ca hp thoi th vin hm, sau g tn ting anh ca

cc control hoc indicator (i vi FP) hoc tn hm (i vi BD) th s d dng tm ra cc hm. Cch ny gip ngi lp trnh tit kim thi gian trong vic tm kim cc hm. Hy yn tm nu bn khng gii ting Anh v bn c th d dng tra cu tn ca control, indicator hoc tn hm bng cc t in Vit-Anh hoc cng c Google Translate trc tuyn. Ngoi ra, bn cng cn lu ti cc v d c sn ca LabVIEW tm thy trong menu Help> Find examples tm cc v d (Example) c sn trong LabVIEW. Cc v d ny gip bn tit kim ng k thi gian tm hiu v lm ch LabVIEW.

2.4 Cc php ton thng thng T bi ton trn, ta c th vit chng trnh tnh tch v tng hai s A,B nh Hnh 2.13. thc hin, bn ch cn ly thm hm nhn (cng v tr vi hm cng trong BD), sau a chut ln dy ni t A n hm cng , Click chut tri ln dy ny, v ni vo u vo ca hm nhn.

Hnh 2.13: Tnh tch v tng hai s A,B Phn ny hng dn cch lm cc php ton thng thng trong LabVIEW nh php chia ly d, php tnh cn bc 2, hm s m, tr tuyt i, nhn vi -1, vv. Chut phi trn BD, Chn Programming, Chn Numeric, ta ly hm cn bc hai v chia ly d . To cc Contronl v Indicator nh hnh. Ta s tnh c cn ca A l 1.41421. V vi php chia B cho C (10:3) ta c phn nguyn l 3, phn d l 1.

Hnh 2.14: Php tnh cn v chia ly d

Tng t, ta c php tr tuyt i v nhn vi -1 nh trong Hnh 2.15. Hy m file v d 3: cc php tnh tham kho chng trnh mu

Hnh 2.15: Php tr tuyt i v nhn vi -1 Bn c th xem v d v cc php ton trong CD km theo sch ti th mcCD/Bi 2/Vi du2-2 Cac phep toan.vi

2.5 Lu file, m file, tm v d, cng c tr gip Trong LabVIEW, lu file ta chn File, Save, Ch ng dn v tr lu file vt tn cho file cn lu l Vi du 1, nhn OK. i vi file chng trnh LabVIEW th ui ca n l .VI (tng t nh vn bn trong Microsoft Word c ui l .DOC hoc .DOCX). Ch VI vit tt ca ch Virtual Instrumentation thit b o.

Hnh 2.16: Lu file to lu file hin ti ang m thnh mt file mi ta chn Save As, hp thoi nh Hnh 2.17 sau s hin ra. ngha ca ba la chn trong mc Copy l: Substitute c ngha File mi to s c m, file c s ng li. Create c ngha file c s c m, file mi to c ng li. Open c ngha c hai file c v mi to s c m.

Nu bn chn mc Rename th khng c file mi no c to ra nhng bn c th thay i tn ca file hin ti.

Hnh 2.17: Cc la chn khi lu file bng Save As m file, ta vo File, Open v chn File cn m. Lu , cc file LabVIEW c lp trnh bi LabVIEW phin bn qu c s khng m c bng phn mm LabVIEW phin bn cao. V bn cng khng th m cc file c lu bng LabVIEW c phin bn cao hn bng LabVIEW c phin bn thp hn. khc phc iu ny, bn hy s dng chc nng Save for previous version(trong File) khi mun file ca bn c th m bng cc phin bn LabVIEW thp hn. Context Help nhm gip gii thch cc hm, cc i tng trong LabVIEW l mt cng c v cng thit thc. hin Context Help ca bt k hm no bn cha nm r cch dng, Chn Ctrl + H. Sau a chut ln hm bt k (v d, hm tnh cn bc 2), ta s thy Context Help hin ra. lm mt Context Help, ta nhn Ctrl + H mt ln na.

Hnh 2.18 Nhn Ctrl + H v a chut vo v tr hm thy Context Help c chi tit Context Help, bn chn Detailed Help mu xanh. T Detailed Help, bn c th cun chut xung di cng m cc v d c sn trong LabVIEW tham kho thm v hm ang tm hiu. Hc qua v d l mt phng php tt cho nhng ngi mi bt u.

2.6 Phn c thm

Phn ny gii thiu tm tt cc th vin ca LabVIEW nm trong BD. Khi m BD ca LabVIEW bn thy c rt nhiu th vin nh trong hnh 2.19.

Hnh 2.19 Cc th vin hm trong LabVIEW

Cc th vin c ngha nh sau: Programming l ni cha h tr cng c, hm lp trnh ni chung (ging cc ngn ng khc nh C, Matlab, vv) SignalExpress h tr thu thp d liu, hin th tn hiu trn my tnh. Advanced Signal Processing Toolkit h tr x l tin hiu nng cao. Control Design and Simulation h tr xy dng cc m hnh ng lc hc ca cc h thng v thit k b iu khin (ging Matlab Simulink). Digital Filter Design Toolkit h tr thit k b lc s. PID and Fuzzy Logic Toolkit h tr thit k b iu khin PID hoc Fuzzy Logic FPGA h tr lp trnh FPGA Real-Time h tr lp trnh ng dng thi gian thc Internet Toolkit h tr giao tip qua mng Internet. Database Connectivity Toolkit h tr kt ni c s d liu.

Vision Development Module h tr cng c pht trin h thng thu thp v x l nh. Simulation Interface Toolkit cho php kt ni LabVIEW v Matlab Simulink. Vision and Motion h tr lp trnh chuyn ng nhiu bc. LabVIEW Embedded Modudle l modun lp trnh nhng, dng lp trnh vi iu khin. Express: L ni cha cc hm thng dng. Cc hm thng dng l tp con ca th vin LabVIEW Programming. Trong cc th vin th th vin Programming l quan trng nht. chnh l ni cha ton b hm c s ca mi trng lp trnh ha LabVIEW. V tp sch ny, chng ta s dng cc hm trong Programming, sau p dng cc hm ny bt tay vo thc hnh thu thp d liu, iu khin PID ng c DC,vi phn cng thc. Tng module trn s trnh by chi tit trong cc tp sch xut bn ti y. Cc yu cu v ng gp cho cc tp sch tip theo, vui lng lin h tc gi qua E-mail: bahai.ce@gmail.com. Bi 7: Mng v b trong LabVIEW Hc xong bi ny, bn s nm c:

Khi nim v mng Cch to mt mng, cng hai mng, trch d liu t mng B v cch to b

7.1 Mng 7.1.1 Khi nim v mng v cch to mng Ngoi cc loi d liu nh bn cc bi trc, LabVIEW cng h tr cc cu trc d kiu liu mng. Nh trong ngn ng da trn vn bn, Mng l mt khi c nhiu chiu (n-chiu) ca mt loi d liu no cc phn t trong mng c

nh ch s. V ta c th truy sut cc phn t ny thng qua cc ch s . Khng ging nh trong cc ngn ng da trn vn bn, mng LabVIEW c t ng thay i kch c ph hp vi d liu ca n.

Hnh 7-1: Mng 1 chiu dng s, 2 chiu dng boolean, v 3 chiu dng chui Cch to mt mng nh sau: Vo FP> Modern >Array, Matrix> Ly array ra t ti FP

Hnh 7-2: Ly mng t FP To array dng s bng cch ly Numeric control a vo array.

Hnh 7-3: To Numeric array

R chut trn mng cho ti khi c biu tng sau: mt mng 1 chiu c 5 phn t.

, ko di mng c

Hnh 7-4: Ko di mng Copy ra mt mng na bng cch nhn gi Ctrl+ v nhn gia chut tri ln mng trn v ko xung.

Hnh 7-5: Copy nhanh mt mng Dng php cng ni 2 mng ny li. To Indicator pha bn phi ca hm cng, ta c mt chng trnh tnh tng 2 mng.

Hnh 7-6: Chng trnh hon thin Bn nhp gi tr vo hai mng Control. Nhn chy chng trnh. Ta thy tng ca hai mng chnh l tng ca cc thnh phn tng ng trong mng. XemCD> Bai 7> Array 1.vi

Hnh 7-7: Kt qu php cng 2 mng 7.1.2 Trch d liu t mt mng Bn tip tc trch mt phn t t mng kt qu nm thm v khi nim phn t v ch s trong mng. Xem CD> Bai 7> Index Array 1.vi. thc hin VI ny bn hy: Vo BD> Programming> Array> Index Array

Hnh 7-8: Ly hm Index array Ni Index array vo array kt qu t chng trnh trn. Nhp gi tr 0 vo Index v to Indicator ti chn element ca hm Index array.

Ta c mt chng trnh cho php truy xut cc gi tr ca mng. V d: Mun truy xut gi tr ca phn t c ch s 0 th ta nhp 0 vo Gia tri index. C th y ta c kt qu l 2. Nu Gi tr index l 1 th ta c kt qu l 3, vv.

Hnh 7- 9: Chng trnh truy xut gi tr thnh phn trong array

Khi s dng array trong For loop. Bn cn lu mt s vn . Cng nhau xem mt v d trn ni.com trong hnh 10 gii thch r hn vn ny. Chng trnh ny l mt for loop, for loop ny lp li 15 ln php cng cc thnh phn trong 2 array (array 1 c 10 phn t, array 2 c 20 phn t). Kt qu tr v ch l mt array c 10 phn t. L do: Khi for loop thc hin ti vng lp th 11 th array 1 s khng c phn t th 11 nn php cng khng th tip tc thc hin.

Hnh 7-10: Tng 2 array

Cc Array ln hn 1 chiu bn c th d dng to ra bng cch ghp cc For loop li vi nhau theo hng [5]. Ch rng bn cn chn ch Auto-indexing trn thnh cc For loop trong cc trng hp ny.

Hnh 7-11: To array 2 chiu

Ta cn kh nhiu hm trong th vin array, cc hm ny s c cp chi tit trong ln ti bn tip theo. 7.2 B B l kiu d liu hot ng nh hp en c kh nng lu tr cc loi d liu khc nhau. C th hiu rng: B c coi l mt nhm cc gi tr d liu c ng gi vi nhau to thnh mt kiu d liu phc tp hn, v thng c ngha hn. V d: Hy to mt Output cluster (l mt Indicator) cha cc thng tin sau: H tn, tui, gii tnh. Thc hin nh sau: FP> Mordern> Array, Matrix, > Cluster Ko th cluster ra ngoi FP

Hnh 7-12 Ko th Cluster ra Front panel a vo Cluster ny 1 Ctring control nhp h tn a vo thm 1 Numeric control nhp tui Mt LED ch nh gii tnh (Nam th LED sng, N th LED tt) Nhp cc dng: H tn: Nguyn B A, Tui: 28, Boolean: Sng. Ta c Cluster control nh hnh 7-13.

Hnh 7-13 Cluster to ra By gi, ta hy to mt Cluster indicator nh hnh 7-14.

Hnh 7-14 To Cluster indicator Cho chng trnh chy, ta c kt qu nh hnh 7-15. CD> Bai 7> Cluster 1.vi

Hnh 7-15: Kt qu l Cluster indicator s hin th ng cluster control Nh vy bn va bit phng php to mt cluster. By gi ti s hng dn cc bn to mt Cluster nh trn bng cch s dng hm Bundle (tng hp) nh sau. Ly cc String control, Numeric control v LED t ti FP. Ly hm Bundle ti BD> Programming> Cluster> Bundle. Kt ni ln lt cc control vo Bundle ny v to Cluster indicator nh bi trn. Kt qu ta cng c mt Cluster nh bi trn. Xem CD> Bai 7> Cluster 2.vi

Hnh 7-16: Phng php to Cluster bng hm Bundle LabVIEW cng cung cp hm Unbundle ta bc tch cc phn t trong mt b. Ly mt Unbundle ni vo Output cluster. To cc indicator t hm Unbundle ny. Bn s c kt qu l H tn, Tui v gii tnh ring l. y chnh l vic bc tch cc phn t trong mt b. Xem hnh 2-17 v v d: CD> Bai 7> Cluster 3.vi Bn c th dng hm Unbundle by name bc tch h tn.

Hnh 7-17 Bc tch cc phn t trong mt b Bn cng c th dng Bundle a nhiu tn hiu ln mt Chart nh hnh 7-18. Xem CD> Bai 7> Cluster 4.vi

Hnh 7-18 a nhiu tn hiu vo mt chart bng Bundle

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