Kysumoitruong - VN - Gietmogiasuc (Daydu)

Tnh toan thiet ke he thong x ly nc thai Cong ty TNHH
Thc pham Vang

LI M AU
Viet Nam trong nhng thap nien 90 tr lai ay, trong
cong cuoc oi mi, mc song cua ngi dan ngay
cang cao, nhng nhu cau thiet yeu cua ngi dan cang
c quan tam. Ba an hang ngay cua moi ngi cang
c cai thien ang ke. Nguon thc pham chu yeu cung
cap cho cong ong la ong vat, ac bet la gia suc, gia
cam, cac san pham che bien t gia suc.
Trc nhu cau oi hoi cua xa hoi, nhieu lo giet
mo gia suc quy mo va va nho a hnh thanh. Tuy nhien,
qua trnh giet mo gia suc gia tang se dan en tnh trang
moi trng ngay cang o nhiem, neu khong kiem soat
chat che va x ly ung an se gay o nhiem nghiem
trong cho cac thanh phan moi trng khong kh, at,
nc va ve sinh an toan thc pham cung nh gay anh
hng xau en sc khoe con ngi. Do o, cac lo giet
mo gia suc can c quan ly va co bien phap gian
thieu o nhiem moi trng ngay t au neu khong hau
qua gay o nhiem cua cac lo giet mo la vo cung to
ln, viec x ly ton kem, phc tap va lau dai.
San pham cua cac lo giet mo ong vat gom co
tht, m va cac san pham che bien t cac nguyen lieu
tho, mot so phu pham xng (chiem 30%-40%), noi tang,
da, long cua cac gia suc, gia cam.
ac thu cua nc thai giet mo rat giau chat hu
c (protein, lipit, cac axt amin, amon, peptit, cac axt hu c).
Ngoai ra con co the co xng, tht vun, m tha, long,
GVHD : ThS. Nguyen Hu Tam
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
1
Thc pham Vang
mong, vi sinh vat. Nong o cac chat o nhiem hu c
BOD
5
ti 7000 mg/l va COD ti 9400 mg/l.
Tuy co nhieu bien phap giam thieu chat thai, nhng
e x ly triet e can phai co mot phng phap toi u,
tuy thuoc tng lo giet mo nh : bo tr mat bang, so
lng gia suc giet mo hang ngay, quy trnh giet mo,
nguon tiep nhan chat thai.
Do o, viec khuyen khch, ho tr cac c s giet mo
can phai xay dng mot he thong x ly nc thai trc
khi xa ra nguon tiep nhan la viec lam can thiet. V vay,
viec tnh toan, thiet ke e lo giet mo va ton tai, va
x ly nc thai at tieu chuan la rat quan trong.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
2
Thc pham Vang
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
3
Thc pham Vang
CHNG 1: GII THIEU E TAI
1.1 . MUC TIEU E TAI:
Xem xet, anh gia hien trang va xac nh cac
phng phap x ly nc thai cho cong ty TNHH thc
pham Vang (Bnh Dng, TP.HCM).
Tnh toan thiet ke he thong x ly nc thai sao cho
at hieu qua cao nhat cho cong ty TNHH thc pham
Vang (Bnh Dng, TP.HCM).
1.2 . NOI DUNG E TAI:
Tong quan ve cac bien phap giam thieu o nhiem
nc thai.
Khao sat ieu tra thc te tai cong ty TNHH thc
La chon phng phap x ly toi u nhat.
Tnh toan thiet he cac cong trnh n v.
Tnh toan gia thanh.
1.3 . GII HAN E TAI :
Tnh toan thiet ke he thong x ly nc thai giet mo gia
suc cho c s va va nho. ien hnh la cong ty TNHH thc
1.4 . PHNG PHAP THC HIEN:
Mot he thong x ly nc thai hieu qua c tap hp
t nhieu n nguyen khac nhau. Hieu qua cua tng n
nguyen khong nhng lien quan en ca he thong ma con
tranh lang ph kinh te xay dng va van hanh. Phan tch
he thong giup la chon ra cac n nguyen va hieu qua
cua tng cong trnh n v.
Ngoai ra con ket hp vi nhieu phng phap khac nh
phng phap phan tch, ieu tra khao sat thc te.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
4
Thc pham Vang
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
5
Thc pham Vang
CHNG 2: TONG QUAN VE PHNG
PHAP X LY NC THAI
2.1. TONG QUAN VE CAC PHNG PHAP X LY
NC THAI:
Cac loai nc thai eu cha cac tap chat gay nhiem
ban co tnh chat rat khac nhau: t cac loai chat ran
khong tan en cac chat kho tan va nhng hp chat tan
trong nc. X ly nc thai la loai bo cac tap chat o,
lam sach lai va co the a nc o vao nguon tiep
nhan hoac a tai s dung. e at c nhng muc ch
o, chung ta thng da vao ac iem cua tng loai tap
chat e la chon phng phap x ly thch hp.
Thong thng co cac phng phap x ly nc thai nh
sau:
- X ly bang phng phap c hoc
- X ly bang phng phap hoa ly va hoa hoc
- X ly bang phng phap sinh hoc
- X ly bang phng phap tong hp
2.2. X LY NC THAI BANG PHNG PHAP C
HOC:
Trong nc thai thng cha cac loai tap chat ran
c khac nhau b cuon theo nh rm co, go mau, bao b
chat deo, giay, gie, dau m noi, cat soi, cac vun gach
ngoi Ngoai ra, con co cac loai hat l lng dang
huyen phu rat kho lang. Tuy theo kch c, cac hat huyen
phu c chia thanh hat chsat ran l lng co the lang
c, hat chat ran keo c kh bang keo tu.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
6
Thc pham Vang
Cac loai tap chat tren dung cac phng phap x ly
c hoc la thch hp (loai tr hat dang ran keo).
Trong x ly nc thai o th, viec au tin la a
nc thai vao ng cong co cac song chan rac, nc
thai nganh cong nghiep cung qua song chan rac va co
the them li chan rac (vi kch thc lo khac nhau).
2.2.1 Song chan rac:
Nham gi lai cac vat tho nh rac, gie, giay, vo
hop, mau at a, go, trc song chan rac. Song lam
bang sat tron hoac vuong (sat tron co = 8 10mm),
thanh no cach thanh kia mot khoang bang 60- 100 mm e
chan vat tho va 10 -25 mm e chan vat nho hn, at
nghien theo dong chay mot goc 60
0
- 90
0
. Van toc dong
chay thng lay 0,8 -1 m/s e tranh lang cat.
2.2.2 Li loc:
Sau chan rac, e co the loai bo tap chat ran co kch
c nho hn, mn hn ta co the at them li loc. Cac
vat thai c gi tren mat loc, phai cao lay ra khoi lam
tac dong chay.
Ngi ta co the thiet ke li loc hnh tang trong cho
nc chay t ngoai vao hoac t trong ra.
Trc chan rac con co khi lap them may nghien rac
e nghien nho cac tap chat.
2.2.3 Lang cat:
Da vao nguyen ly trong lc, dong nc thai c cho
chay qua bay cat. Bay cat la cac loai be, ho, gieng
cho nc thai chay vao theo nhieu cach khac nhau : theo
tiep tuyen, theo dong ngang, theo dong t tren xuong va
toa ra xung quanh nc qu be lang, di tac dung cua
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
7
Thc pham Vang
trong lc, cat nang se lang xuong ay va keo theo mot
phan chat ong tu.
Cat lang bay cat thng t chat hu c. Sau khi
c lay ra khoi be lang cat, soi c loai bo.
Cac loai be lang cat thong dung la be lang ngang.
Thng thiet ke 2 ngan: mot ngan cho nc qua, mot
ngan cao cat soi lang. Hai ngan nay lam viec luan
phien.
2.2.4 Cac loai be lang:
Ngoai lang cat, soi, trong qua trnh x ly can phai
lang cac loai hat l lng, cac loai bun (ke ca bun hoat
tnh) nham lam cho nc trong. Nguyen ly lam viec cua
cac loai be lang la eu da tren c s trong lc.
Cac yeu to anh hng en qua trnh lang: lu lng
nc thai, thi gian lang (hay thi gian lu nc), khoi
lng rieng va tai trong tnh theo chat ran l lng, tai
trong thuy lc, s keo tu cac chat ran, van toc dong
chay trong be, s nen bun ac, nhiet o nc thai va
kch thc be lang.
Be lang thng c bo tr theo dong chay, co kieu
hnh nam ngang hoac thang ng. Be lang ngang trong x
ly nc thai cong nghiep co the la mot bac hoac
nhieu bac.
Tach dau m:
Nc thai mot so nganh cong nghiep an uong, che
bien b sa, cac lo mo, x nghiep ep dau thng co
lan dau m. Cac chat nay thng nhe hn nc va noi
len tren mat nc. Nc thai sau x ly khong co lan
dau m c c phep cho vao cac thuy vc. Hn na,
nc thai co lan dau m khi vao x ly sinh hoc se lam
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
8
Thc pham Vang
bt cac lo hong cac vat lieu loc, phin loc sinh hoc va
con lam hong cac cau truc bun hoat tnh trong earoten
Ngoai cach lam cac gat n gian, bang cac tam si
tren mat nc, con co thiet b tach dau, m at trc
day chuyen cong nghe x ly nc thai.
2.2.6 Loc c hoc:
Loc trong x ly nc thai e tach cac tap chat phan
tan nho khoi nc ma be lang khong lam c. Trong
cac loai phin loc thng co loai phin loc dang tam va loai
hat. Vat lieu loc dang tam co the lam bang tam thep
co uc lo hoac li bang thep, khong g, nhom, niken,
ong thau va cac loai vai khac nhau (thuy tinh, amiang,
bong, len, si tong hp). Tam loc can co tr lc nho, u
ben va deo c hoc, khong b trng n va b pha huy
trong ieu kien loc.
Vat lieu loc dang hat la cat thach anh, than gay
(anthacit), than coc, si, a nghien, tham ch co than nau,
than bun hay than go.
ac tnh quan trong cua lp vat lieu loc la o xop
va be mat rieng. Qua trnh loc co the xay ra di tac
dung cua ap suat thuy tnh cua cac chat long hoac ap
suat cao trc vach vat lieu loc hoac chan khong sau
lp loc.
Cac phin loc lam viec se tach cac phan t tap chat
phan tan hoac l lng kho lang nc. Cac phin loc lam
viec khong hoan toan da vao nguyen ly c hoc. Do vay,
ngoai tac dung tach cac phan t tap chat phan tan ra
khoi nc, cac mang sinh hoc cung a bien oi cac
chat hoa tan trong nc thai nh quan the vi sinh vat co
trong mang sinh hoc.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
9
Thc pham Vang
Chat ban va mang sinh hoc se bam vao be mat vat
lieu loc, dan dan bt cac khe h cua lp loc lam cho
dong chay b cham lai hoac ngng chay. Trong qua trnh
lam viec, ngi ta phai ra phin loc, lay bt mang ban
pha tren va cho nc ra i t di len tren e tach
mang ban ra khoi vat lieu loc.
Trong x ly nc thai thng dung thiet b loc cham,
loc nhanh, loc kn, loc h. Ngoai ra con dung loai loc ep
khung ban, loc quay chan khong, cac may vi loc hien ai.
ac biet la a cai tien cac thiet b trc ay thuan
tuy la loc c hoc thanh loc sinh hoc, trong o vai tro cua
mang sinh hoc c phat huy nhieu hn.
X LY NC THAI BANG PHNG PHAP HOA HOC
VA HOA L:
C s cua phng phap hoa hoc la cac phan ng
hoa hoc, cac qua trnh hoa l dien ra gia cac chat ban
vi hoa chat cho them vao. Cac phng phap hoa hoc
la oxi hoa, trung hoa, ong keo tu. Thong thng cac
qua trnh keo tu thng i kem vi qua trnh trung hoa
hoac cac hien tng vat l khac. Nhng phan ng xay ra
la thng phan ng trung hoa, phan ng oxi hoa- kh,
phan ng tao chat ket tua hoac phan ng phan huy
cac chat oc hai.
Trung hoa:
Nc thai thng co nhng gia tr pH khac nhau. Muon
nc thai c x ly tot bang phng phap sinh hoc
phai tien hanh trung hoa va ieu chnh pH ve 6.6 -7.6
Trung hoa bang cach dung cac dung dch axit hoac
muoi axit, cac dung dch kiem hoac oxit kiem e trung
hoa dch nc thai.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
10
Thc pham Vang
Mot so hoa chat dung e trung hoa: CaCO
3
, CaO,
Ca(OH)
2
, MgO, Mg(OH)
2
, CaO
0.6
MgO
0.4
,(Ca(OH)
2
)
0.6
(Mg(OH)
2
)
0.4
,NaOH,
Na
2
CO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, HCl, HNO
3
,
Keo tu:
Trong qua trnh lang c hoc ch tach c cac hat
chat ran huyen phu co kch thc ln 10-2 mm, con co
hat nho hn dang keo khong the lang c. Ta co the
lam tang kch thc cac hat nh tac dungt ng ho gia
cac hat phan tan lien ket vao cac tap hp hat e co
the lang c. Muon vay, trc het can trung hoa ien
tch cua chung, ke tiep la lien ket chung vi nhau. Qua
trnh trung hoa ien tch cac hat c goi la qua trnh
ong tu, con qua trnh tao thanh cac bong ln t cac
hat nho goi la qua trnh keo tu.
Cac hat l lng trong nc eu mang ien tch am
hoac dng. Cac hat co nguon goc silic va cac hp chat
hu c mag ien tch am, cac hat hidroxit sat va hidroxit
nhom mang ien tch dng. Khi the ien ong cua nc
b pha v, cac hat mang ien tch nay se lien ket lai
vi nhau thanh cac to hp cac phan t, nguyen t hay
cac ion t do. Cac to hp nay chnh la cac hat bong keo.
Co 2 loai bong keo: loai a nuc va loai k nc. Loai a
nc thng ngam them cac phan t nc cung vi
khuan, virut, loai k nc ong vai tro chu yeu trong
cong nghe x ly nc noi chung va x ly nc thai
noi rieng.
Cac chat ong tu thng dung trong muc ch nay
la cac muoi sat hoac muoi nhom hoac hon hp cua
chung. Cac muoi nhom gom co: Al
2
(SO4)
3
18H
2
O, NaAlO
2
Al(OH)
5
Cl, KAl(SO)
4
.12H
2
O, NH
4
Al(SO)
4
.12H
2
O. Trong o pho
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
11
Thc pham Vang
bien nhat la Al
2
(SO4)
3
18H
2
O v chat nay hoa tan tot trong
nc, gia re va hieu qua ong tu cao pH =5 7.5
Trong qua trnh tao thanh bong keo cua hidroxit nhom
hoac sat ngi ta thng dung them chat tr ong tu.
Cac chat tr ong tu nay la tinh bot, dextrin, cac ete,
xenluloz, hidroxit silic hoat tnh vi lieu lng 1-5 mg/l.
Ngoai ra ngi ta con dung cac chat tr ong tu tong
hp. Chat thng dung nhat la polyacrylamit. Viec dung
cac chat ho tr nay lam giam lieu lng cac chat
ong tu, giam thi gian qua trnh ong tu va nang cao
c toc o lang cua cac bong keo.
Hap phu:
Phng phap hap phu dung e loai het cac chat
ban hoa tan vao nc ma phng phap x ly sinh hoc
cung cac phng phap khac khong the loai bo c vi
ham lng rat nho. Thong thng ay la cac hp chat
hoa tan co oc tnh cao hoac cac char co mui, v va
mau rat kho chu.
Cac chat hap phu thng dung la: than hoat tnh,
at set hoat tnh, silicagen, keo nhom, mot so chat tong
hp khac va mot so chat thai trong san xuat nh xi tro,
x ma sat Trong so nay, than hoat tnh c dung pho
bien nhat. Cac chat hu c, kim loai nang va cac chat
mau de b than hap phu. Lng chat hap phu tuy thuoc
vao kha nang cua tng loai chat hap phu va ham
lng chat ban co trong nc. Phng phap nay co the
hap phu 58-95% cac chat hu c va mau. Cac chat hu
c co the b hap phu c la phenol, alkylbenzen, sunfonic
axit, thuoc nhuom va cac hp chat thm.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
12
Thc pham Vang
Tuyen noi:
Phng phap tuyen noi nay da tren nguyen tac:
cac phan t phan tan trong nc co kha nang t lang
kem, nhng co kha nang ket dnh vao cac bot kh noi
len tren be mat nc. Sau o ngi ta tach cac bot kh
o ra khoi nc. Thc chat qua trnh nay la tach bot
hoac lam ac bot. Trong mot so trng hp, qua trnh
nay cung c dung e tach cac chat hoa tan nh cac
chat hoat ong be mat.
Qua trnh nay c thc hien nh thoi khong kh
thanh bot nho vao trong nc thai. Cac bot kh dnh cac
hat l lng va noi len tren mat nc. Khi noi len cac
bot kh tap hp thanh mot lp bot cha nhieu chat ban.
Tuyen noi co the at giai oan x lys bo (Bac
I) trc khi x ly c ban (Bac II). Be tuyen noi co the
thay the cho be lang, trong day chuyen no co the ng
trc hoac ng sau be lang, ong thi co the giai
oan x ly bo sung (hay triet e cap III) sau x ly c
ban.
Trao oi ion:
Thc chat cua phng phap trao oi ion la mot qua
trnh trong o cac ion tren be mat cua chat ran trao oi
ion co cung ien tch trong dung dch khi tiep xuc vi nhau.
Cac chat nay goi la ionit (chat trao oi ion). Chung hoan
toan khong tan trong nc.
Phng phap nay c dung lam sach nc noi
chung trong o co nc thai, loai ra khoi nc cac ion kim
loai nh Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, Pb, Cd,, V, Mn Cung nh cac hp
chat co cha asen, phosphor, xianua va ca chat phong xa.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
13
Thc pham Vang
Phng phap nay c dung pho bien e lam mem
nc, loai ion Ca
2+
va Mg
3+
ra khoi nc cng.
Cac chat trao oi ion co the la cac chat vo c
hoac hu c hoac hu c co nguon goc t nhien hoac
tong hp. Cac chat thng c s dung nh: zeolit, at
set, nhom silic, silicagen, pecmutit, cac chat ien li cao
phan t, cac loai nha tong hp.
Kh khuan:
Dung cac hoa chat co tnh oc oi vi vi sinh vat,
tao, ong vat nguyen sinh, giun san e lam sach nc,
am bao tieu chuan ve sinh e o vao nguon hoac tai
s dung. Kh khuan hay sat khuan co the dung hoa
chat hoac cac tac nhan vat l nh ozon, tia t ngoai
Hoa chat kh khuan phai am bao co tnh oc oi
vi vi sinh vat trong mot thi gian nhat nh, sau o phai
c phan huy hoac bay hi, khong con d lng gay oc
cho ngi s dung hoac vao cac muc ch s dung khac.
Cac chat kh khuan hay dung nhat la khi hoac
nc Clo, nc Javel, voi cloruacac hp chat cua Clo
am bao am bao la nhng chat kh khuan ap ng
c yeu cau tren, ongthi cung la cac chat oxi hoa.
Trong qua trnh x ly nc thai, cong oan kh
khuan thng c at cuoi qua trnh, trc khi lam
sach nc triet e va chuan b o vao nguon.
X LY NC THAI BANG PHNG PHAP SINH HOC:
Phng phap x ly sinh hoc da tren nguyen tac hoat
ong cua vi sinh vat e phan huy cac chat hu c
nhiem ban nc. Do vay, ieu kien au tien va vo
cung quan trong la nc thai phai la moi trng song
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
14
Thc pham Vang
cua xi sinh vat phan huy cac chat hu c co trong nc
thai.
Ao ho sinh hoc:
X ly nc thai trong cac ao ho on nh la phng
phap x l nc n gian nhat. Phng phap nay khong
yeu cau k thuat cao, von au t t, chi ph hoat ong re
tien, quan ly n gian va hieu qua cung kha cao.
Qua trnh x l theo phng phap ao ho sinh hoc kha
n gian va c tom tat nh sau:
C s khoa hoc cua phng phap la da vao kha nang
t lam sach cua nc, chu yeu la vi sinh vat va cac
thuy sinh vat, cac chat nhiem ban b phan huy thanh
cac chat kh va nc. Nh vay, qua trnh t lam sach
khong phai n thuan nhat la qua trnh hieu kh, ma con
co qua trnh tuy tien va k kh.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
Cac phng phap sinh
hoc x ly nc thai
K kh
(anaerobic)
Thieu kh
(anoxic)
Hieu kh
(aerobic)
Bun
hoat
tnh
Kh
nitrat
a
quay
sinh
hoc
Man
g loc
sinh
hoc
Ao,
ho
on
nh
nc
thai
Be
loc
k kh
UASB
Be
k kh
Nc
thai
Loai bo
cat, soi
Cac ao, ho
on nh
Nc a
x ly
15
Thc pham Vang
Ao ho hieu kh.
Ao ho hieu kh la loai ao nong 0,3 0,5 m co qua trnh
oxi hoa cac chat ban hu c chu yeu nh vao cac vi
sinh vat hieu kh. Loai ao ho nay co ho lam thoang t
nhien va ho lam thoang nhan tao.
Ho hieu kh t nhien: oxi t khong kh de dang
khuech tan vao lp nc pha tren va anh sang Mat
Tri chieu roi, lam cho tao phat trien, tien hanh quang
hp thai oxi. e am bao anh sang qua nc, chieu sau
cua ho phai nho, thng la 30 40 cm. Do vay dien tch
cua ho cang ln cang tot. Tai trong cua ho (BOD)
khoang 250 300 kg/ha.ngay. Thi gian lu nc t 3- 12
ngay.
Do ao nong, dien tch ln am bao ieu kien hieu kh
cho toan bo nc trong ao. Nc lu trong ao tng oi dai,
hieu qua lam sach co the ti 80- 95% BOD, mau nc co
the chuyen dan sang mau xanh cua tao.
Ho suc khuay: nguon cung cap oxi cho vi sinh vat hieu
kh trong nc hoat ong la cac thiet b khuay c hoc
hoac kh nen. Nh vay, mc o hieu kh trong ho se
manh hn, ieu o va o sau cua ho cung ln hn. Tai
trong BOD cua ho khoang 400kg/ha.ngay. Thi gian lu
nc trong ho khoang 1- 3 ngay co khi dai hn.
Ao ho k kh.
Ao ho k kh la loai ao sau, t co hoac khong co ieu
kien hieu kh. Cac vi sinh vat hoat ong song khong can
oxi khong kh. Chung s dung oxi dang cac hp chat nh
nitrat, sulfat e oxi hoa cac chat hu c thanh cac axit
hu c, cac loai ru va kh CH
4
, H
2
S, CO
2
va nc.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
16
Thc pham Vang
Ao ho k kh thng dung e lang va phan huy can
lang vung ay. Loai ao ho nay co the tiep nhan loai
nc thai co o nhiem ban ln, tai trong BOD cao va
khong can vai tro quang hp cua tao. Nc thai lu ho
k kh thng sinh ra mui hoi thoi kho chu.
Ao ho hieu- k kh.
Loai ao ho nay rat pho bien trong thc te. o la loai
ket hp hai qua trnh song song: phan huy hieu kh cac
chat hu c hoa tan co trong nc va phan huy k kh
can lang vung ay.
ac iem cua ao ho nay gom co 3 vung xet theo
chieu sau: lp tren la vung hieu kh, vung gia la vung
k k tuy tien va vung pha ay sau la vung k kh.
Canh ong ti va bai loc.
Viec x ly nc thai bang canh ong ti va bai loc
da tren kha nang gi cac can nc tren mat at,
nc tham qua at nh i qua loc, nh co oxi trong cac lo
hong va mao quan cua lp at mat, cac vi sinh vat hieu
kh hoat ong phan huy cac chat hu c nhiem ban.
Cang sau xuong lng oxi cang t va qua trnh oxi hoa
cac chat hu c cang giam xuong dan. Cuoi cung en
o sau o ch dien ra qua trnh kh nitrat. a xac
nh c qua trnh oxi hoa nc thai ch xay ra lp
at mat sau ti 1,5m.V vay cac canh ong ti va bai
loc thng c xay dng nhng ni co mc nc
nguon thap hn 1,5m so vi mat at.
Qua trnh x ly bang bun hoat tnh vi vat lieu
tiep xuc (Attached growth processes).
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh Attached Growth (AG)
c s dung e loai bo chat hu c trong nc thai.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
17
Thc pham Vang
Qua trnh AG bao gom: loc sinh hoc, loc tho, RBC (Rotating
biological contactor), AGWSP (Attached growth Waste Stabilization
Pond), be phan ng nitrate hoa fixed-bed,
ay la mot dang ho sinh hoc ket hp vi be loc sinh
hoc. Nhng vat lieu tiep xuc c bo tr doc theo chieu
dai ho tao ieu kien cho vi khuan sinh trng tren be
mat. tai trong cao, suc kh co the c tien hanh mot
phan hoac tren toan bo the tch be. Thi gian lu nc
thay oi 4 gi -3 ngay. Gia the sinh vat dnh bam la cac
si nha tong hp kha cng c quan xung quanh mot
loi thep trang kem. Kch thc loai nha tong hp tnh t
loi kem dai khoang 50-70mm. Moi loi kem c quan
tron co ng knh 80-100 mm. He thong phan phoi kh la
cac a bot hoac cac ng ong nha dan kh. Cot sinh
hoc cha ay vat lieu bam dnh la gia the cho vi sinh vat
song bam. Nc thai c phan bo eu tren be mat
lp vat lieu bang he thong khuay hoac voi phun. Quan
the sinh vat song bam tren gia the tao nen mang nhay
sinh hoc co kha nang hap phu va phan huy chat hu c
trong nc thai. Quan the vi sinh vat nay co the la vi
sinh vat hieu kh, nam, tao va ong vat nguyen sinh.
Ngoai ra con co giun, au trung, con trung. Phan ben
ngoai lp mang nhay (khoang 0.1- 0.2mm) la loai vi sinh
hieu kh. Khi vi sinh vat phat trien, chieu day ngay cang
tang. Vi sinh vat lp ngoai tieu thu het lng oxy khuech
tan trc khi oxy tham thau vao ben trong. V vay gan
sat be mat gia the, moi trng k kh hnh thanh. Khi lp
mang day, chat hu c b phan huy lp ngoai, vi sinh
song gan be mat gia the thieu nguon thc an va mat
i kha nang dnh bam. Mang vi sinh tach khoi gia the
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
18
Thc pham Vang
nhieu hay t tuy thuoc vao tai trong hu c va tai trong
thuy lc. Tai trong hu c anh hng en toc o trao
oi chat trong mang nhay. Tai trong thuy lc anh hng
en ra troi mang. Phng phap nay co the s dung
trong ieu kien hieu kh hoac trong ieu kien yem kh.
Bun hoat tnh:
Nguyen ly chung cua qua trnh bun hoat tnh la oxy hoa
sinh hoa hieu kh vi s tham gia cua bun hoat tnh.
Trong be Aeroten dien ra qua trnh oxy hoa sinh hoa cac
chat hu c trong nc thai. Vai tro ay la nhng vi
sinh vat hieu kh, chung tao thanh bun hoat tnh. Bun hoat
tnh va nc thai tiep xuc vi nhau c tot va lien tuc,
ngi ta khuay tron bang may kh nen hoac cac thiet b
c gii khac. e cac vi sinh vat khoang hoa song va
hoat ong bnh thng phai thung xuyen cung cap oxy
vao be. Oxy se c s dung trong cac qua trnh sinh hoa.
S khuech tan t nhien qua mat thoang cua nc trong
be khong bao am u lng oxy can thiet, v vay phai
bo sung lng khong kh thieu hut bang phng phap
nhan tao: thoi kh nen vao hoac tang dien tch mat
thoang.
Trong thc te ngi ta thng thoi khong kh nen vao
be v nh vay se ong thi giai quyet tot hai nhiem vu;
va khuay tron bun hoat tnh vi nc thai va bao
am che o oxy can thiet trong be. Bun hoat tnh la tap
hp nhng vi sinh vat khoang hoa co kha nang hap thu
va oxy hoa cac chat hu c co trong nc thai vi s
co mat cua oxy. e bun hoat tnh va nc thai tiep xuc
vi nhau c tot va lien tuc, chung co the c khuay
tron bang kh nen hoac cac thiet b c gii khac. Cac
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
19
Thc pham Vang
chat hu c hoa tan, cac chat keo phan tan nho se c
chuyen hoa va hap phu vao keo tu sinh hoc tren be mat
cac te bao vi sinh vat. Tiep o trong qua trnh trao oi
chat, di tac dung cua nnhng men noi bao, cac chat
hu c se b phan huy. Qua trnh x ly nay gom 3 giai
oan:
- Giai oan khuech tan va chuyen chat t dch the
ti be mat cac te bao vi sinh vat.
- Hap phu: khuech tan va hap thu cac chat ban t
be mat ngoai cac te bao qua mang ban tham.
- Qua trnh chuyen hoa cac chat a c khuech tan
va hap phu trong te bao sinh vat sinh ra nang lng
va tong hp cac chat mi cua te bao.
Be loc sinh hoc (biofilter):
Be loc sinh hoc la cong trnh trong o nc thai c
loc qua lp vat lieu co kch thc hat ln. Be mat cac
hat vat lieu o c bao boc bi mot mang sinh vat do
loai vi sinh vat hieu kh tao thanh.
Sau khi lang trong cac be lang t 1 nc thai c cho
qua be loc sinh vat. o mang sinh hoc se hap phu cac
chat phan tan nho, cha kp lang, ca cac chat dang
keo va hoa tan. Cac chat hu c b mang sinh vat gi lai
se b oxy hoa bi cac vi sinh vat hieu kh. Chung s dung
cac chat hu c, mot phan e sinh ra nang lng can
thiet cho s song va hoat ong, mot phan e xay dng
te bao ( nguyen sinh chat) va tang koi lng c the. Nh
vay mot phan cac chat ban hu c b loai khoi nc
thai, mat khac khoi lng mang sinh vat hoat tnh trong
vat lieu loc ong thi cung tang len. Mang o sau mot
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
20
Thc pham Vang
thi gian gia coi, chet i va b dong nc mi va xoi
cuon i khoi be loc.
Thc chat qua trnh oxy hoa dien ra trong be loc sinh vat
cung tng t nh cac qua trnh dien ra canh ong ti,
canh ong loc. Song nh nhng ieu kien nhan tao thuan
li oi vi s song hoat ong cua vi sinh vat hieu kh
nen cac qua trnh oxy hoa sinh hoa trong cac be sinh vat
dien ra manh hn nhieu do o kch thc cong trnh cung
nho hn nhieu.
Theo che o lam viec cac be loc chia ra lam 2 loai: be
loc hoat ong theo chu ky va be loc hoat ong lien tuc.
Be loc hoat ong theo chu ky do cong suat nho, gia
thanh lai cao nen hien nay hau nh c s dung. Theo
cong suat va cau tao, nhng be loc hoat ong lien tuc
c chia ra lam cac loai: be loc sinh vat nho giot, be loc
sinh vat cao tai (hay Aerophin); be loc sinh vat co chieu cao
ln (thap loc sinh vat). Theo phng thc cung cap khong
ngi ta chia ra cac be loc vi thong gio t nhien va
nhan tao.
Be loc sinh hoc hien ai gom nhng lp vat lieu tiep
xuc co kha nang tham cao cho phep vi sinh vat bam dnh
va nc thai co the i qua. Moi trng loc co the la
a, kch thc thay oi t 25 100 mm ng knh, chieu
sau lp a tuy theo thiet ke nhng thong thng t 0,9
2,0 m trung bnh la 1,8 m. Loc sinh hoc co the dung vat
lieu loc cai tien la plastic, co the hnh vuong hoac hnh
khac vi chieu sau thay oi t 9 12 m. Be loc hnh tron
nc c phan phoi tren bang thiet b phan phoi quay.
Chat hu c trong nc thai c phan huy bi quan
the sinh vat bam dnh va chat lieu loc. Chat hu c trong
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
21
Thc pham Vang
nc thai c hap phu len mang sinh hoc hoac lp
nhay. lp ngoai cua lp mang nhay sinh hoc (0,1 0,2
mm), chat hu c se c phan huy hieu kh. Khi sinh vat
tang trng th lp mang nhay tang len, va oxy khuech
tan c tieu thu trc khi no co the tham va chieu sau
lp mang nhay. Do o moi trng k kh se nam gan be
mat lp vat lieu loc.
Khi o day mang nhay tang, cac chat hu c hap phu
c chuyen hoa trc khi no tiep xuc vi vi sinh vat
gan be mat vat lieu. Ket qua vi sinh vat gan be mat
vat lieu phai ho hap noi bao do khong co nguon chat
dinh dng thch hp cua chat hu c nc thai, va do o
mat kha nang bam dnh. Sau o mang nhay nay b ra
troi, mang nhay mi c hnh thanh.
Mot so hnh anh ve he thong x ly nc thai bang be
loc sinh hoc nho giot
Be loc co mot lp vat lieu loc vi nc chay
t tren xuong
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
22
Thc pham Vang
Be loc vi hai lp vat lieu loc
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
23
Thc pham Vang
Be loc tho
Be loc tho la be loc sinh hoc c thiet ke ac biet
e van hanh tai trong thuy lc cao. Loc tho c dung
chu yeu e loai bo chat hu c bang qua trnh xuoi
dong.
Cac loai be loc tho hien nay s dung vat lieu loc tong
hp hay go go vi o sau trung bnh 3,7 12 m. Cung nh
qua trnh loc sinh hoc khac, loc tho rat nhay cam vi
nhiet o. Loc tho c dung e loai bo mot phan chat
hu c, lam tang qua trnh nitrate hoa xuoi dong.
Roatating Biological Cotactor (RBC)
RBC gom mot loai a tron xep lien nhau bang
polystylen hay PVC. Nhng a nay c nhung chm trong
nc thai va quay t t.
Trong khi van hanh, sinh vat tang trng se dnh bam
va be mat a va hnh thanh mot lp mang nhay tren
toan bo be mat t cua a.
a quay lam cho sinh khoi luon tiep xuc vi chat hu
c trong nc thai va vi khong kh e hap thu oxy, ong
thi tao s trao oi oxy va duy tr sinh khoi trong ieu kien
hieu kh. S quay cung la c che tach nhng chat ran d
tha bang sc trt va duy tr chat ran b ra troi trong
huyen phu, do vay thc hien c qua trnh lam sach. RBC
co the c s dung nh cong trnh x ly th cap, va
co the c van hanh cho nhng cong trnh nitrate hoa
va kh nitrate lien tuc theo mua.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
24
Thc pham Vang
CHNG 3: TONG QUAN VE CONG TY
TNHH
THC PHAM VANG
3.1. LCH S HNH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN CUA
CONG TY:
3.1.1 Gii thieu ve cong ty TNHH thc pham
VANG (GOLD FOOD COMPANY LIMITED.):
- Ten viet tat: GOLDFOOD CO.LTD.
- Tru s chnh:
+ a ch: Ap Tan Thang, xa Tan Bnh, huyen D
An, Tnh Bnh Dng.
+ ien thoai: 0903701736
- Nganh kinh doanh chnh: San xuat, mua ban cac san
pham chan nuoi gia suc, gia cam (tht, trng, sa).
Kinh doanh giet mo va che bien ong vat (tht gia
suc, tht gia cam). San xuat, mua ban va sa cha
bao tr may moc, vat t, thiet b ky thuat nganh
nong nghiep (tr thuoc bao ve thc vat). Moi gii
thng mai. ai ly ky gi hang hoa.
- Giay chng nhan ang ky kinh doanh so :
4602002041 do S Ke Hoach va au T tnh Bnh
Dng cap ngay 13 thang 4 nam 2006.
- ai dien theo phap luat cua Cong ty:
+ Ho ten: Hoang Kim Thang
+ Chc vu: Chu tch Hoi ong thanh vien
+ Quoc tch: Viet Nam
+ Chng minh nhan dan so: 280950146
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
25
Thc pham Vang
+ a ch thng tru: So 197/5, ap Bnh ng 3,
xa An Bnh, huyen D An, tnh Bnh Dng
+ Cho hien tai: So 197/5, ap Bnh ng 3, xa
An Bnh, huyen D An, tnh Bnh Dng
- Tong von au t va nguon von
+ D kien tong von au t : 13.920.000.000
ong.
+ Von lu ong toi thieu : 4.000.000.000 ong.
+ Tong cong : 17.920.000.000
ong.
Trong o von t co do cac thanh vien Cong ty ong
gop la 5.000.000.000 ong, so con lai se vay t ngan
hang va huy ong t cac thanh vien hien co cua Cong
ty hoac keu goi au t t cac thanh vien mi.
Von lu ong cua Cong ty se bien ong theo tng
thi iem kinh doanh va do Hoi ong thanh vien quyet
nh.
3.1.2 Quy trnh san xuat:
3.1.2.a. Mo ta quy trnh cong nghe san
xuat
Qua trnh san xuat cua nha may c thc hien tren
day chuyen may moc thiet b ong bo va co the mo
ta theo tng cong oan nh sau:
Nhap lieu: Bao gom heo, bo, ga, vt (goi tat
la nguyen lieu) c mua t nong dan tai cac Tnh
va trang trai lan can, nhap vao chuong nuoi d tr
cua Cong ty sau khi KCS kiem tra chat lng au vao.
Cap lieu: Nguyen lieu c kiem tra, chuyen
vao bang chuyen, treo va gay me bang ien.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
26
Thc pham Vang
Cat tiet
Nhung long
Vat long
Ngam pharaphine
Mo bung
Pha cat
ong goi: San pham sau khi c x ly theo vt
tai vao may ong goi va c ong goi theo quy
cach nh san cua may. Mot ty le nho san pham
khong at yeu cau se c loai bo.
Kho lanh: Sau khi san pham c ong goi, bang
tai t ong chuyen san pham vao kho lanh. ay,
cong nhan cua Cong ty se sap xep cac san pham
theo khu vc c nh san. Kho lanh la kho tret co
khau o ln, xung quanh c lap at he thong gi
nhiet. Cong ty luon co bien phap gi cho kho thong
thoang, o bien ong nhiet o thch hp luon nam
trong pham vi an toan nham tranh lam giam chat
lng thanh pham. Kho lanh cua cong ty co kha
nang ton tr khoang 80 tan nguyen lieu, kem theo
kho la bang tai va cac cong cu phuc vu cho viec
ton tr, di chuyen thanh pham.
3.1.2.b. S o khoi day chuyen cong nghe
san xuat
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
27
Thc pham Vang
3.1.2.c. San pham va th trng tieu thu
Nha may se san xuat cac loai tht gia suc, gia cam cao
cap vi chat lng tot, an toan thc pham. San pham
se cung cap cho nhu cau tieu dung trong Tnh ong thi
se cung cap cho cac th trng ngoai tnh nh Thanh pho
Ho Ch Minh, cac khu cong nghiep lau i nh Khu cong
nghiep Song Than, VISIP
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
Nc thai,
chat thai ran
Treo, gay
me
Cat tiet
Nhung
long
Vat long
Ngam
Paraphin
Be ngam
hoa tan
Paraphin
Mo bung
Pha cat
ong
goi
Kho lanh
Nc
thai
Chat thai ran:
long
pdapppppppppmon
g
Nc
thai
Nc
thai
28
Thc pham Vang
3.1.3 Nhu cau nguyen, nhien lieu, lao ong cho
hoat ong san xuat:
- Nhu cau ien khoang 20.000 KW/nam, nguon cung cap
la li ien quoc gia. Ngoai ra cong ty con trang b
mot may phat ien 200 KVA d phong khi cup ien
li.
- Nhu cau dung nc khoang 180 m
3
/ngay em (tnh cho
nam hoat ong on nh).
- Nhu cau lao ong: Khi nha may hoat ong on nh
nhu cau lao ong khoang 180 ngi. Nguon cung cap
lao ong chu yeu la tai a phng. Ngoai ra, Cong ty
con tao mot lng ln lao ong gian tiep t viec thu
mua gia suc, gia cam cua ngi dan a phng.
3.2 Cac nguon phat sinh chat thai tai cong ty:
3.2.1 Nc thai
Nc thai cua nha may bao gom:
- Nc thai la nc ma c thu gom tren toan bo
dien tch cua Cong ty
- Nc lam nguoi may moc;
- Nc thai sinh hoat cua cong nhan trc tiep san
xuat, va t khu nha hanh chanh, nha an;
- Nc thai cong nghiep;
- Nc thai sau cha chay;
Da vao tnh chat va muc ch s dung, nc thai cua
nha may c chia ra ba loai: (i) nc ma, nc lam nguoi
may moc; (ii) nc thai sinh hoat thai ra t nha an, nha
bep, nha ve; (iii) nc thai t hoat ong giet mo.
3.2.1.a. Nc ma va nc lam nguoi may
moc:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
29
Thc pham Vang
Loai nc thai nay la nc ma c tap trung tren toan
bo dien tch khu vc, trong qua trnh chay tren be mat co
the loi keo theo mot so chat ban, bui va ve nguyen
tac th nc ma la loai nc thai co tnh chat o nhiem
nhe (qui c sach) co the to chc thoat trc tiep t
may va cac ho ga thu nc tren be mat bo tr doc theo
cac truc ng giao thong noi bo va he thong mng co
nap an be tong o vao he thong thoat nc chung doc
theo cac truc ng giao thong noi bo khu cong nghiep.
Nc lam nguoi may moc cung c xem la lng
nc thai qui c sach (khong o nhiem). Chu au t se
quy hoach, tnh toan thiet ke va xay dng hoan chnh
bang mot he thong thoat nc rieng, cho xa trc tiep
vao he thong thoat nc cua khu vc, khong qua giai
oan x ly.
Nh vay ca hai loai nc thai tren (nc ma va
nc lam nguoi) c xem la lng nc thai quy c
sach nen se khong qua giai oan x ly va c tnh toan
thiet ke xay dng he thong thoat nc rieng xa vao
he thong thoat nc chung noi bo sau o xa trc tiep
vao he thong thoat nc ma cua khu vc.
3.2.1.b. Nc thai sinh hoat:
La loai nc sau khi s dung cho nhu cau sinh hoat, an
uong, tam ra, ve sinh... t cac nha lam viec, khu ve
sinh, nha an... cua cong nhan vien hoat ong trong cac
nha may, x nghiep hay nhan vien quan ly khu cong
nghiep co the gay o nhiem bi cac chat hu c dang l
lng va hoa tan, cha cac loai vi trung. Loai nc thai
nay can thiet phai tien hanh x ly e at cac tieu
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
30
Thc pham Vang
chuan qui nh trc khi xa vao he thong thoat nc
thai. Lng nc thai sinh hoat c tnh nh sau:
Nc dung cho ve sinh, ra cua cong nhan trong Cong
ty:
Lng nc dung cho nhu cau sinh hoat cua toan bo
cong nhan trc thuoc cong ty c d kien la 180
ngi (tnh nam hoat ong on nh). Tieu chuan
nc dung cho sinh hoat cua cong nhan c tnh theo
quy nh 20TCVN-33-85 Bo xay dng (bang III-5 ieu 3.7)
nh sau:
Lng nc dung cho ve sinh cua cong nhan:
Q
shvs
= 180 ngi x 25 l/ng.ca 1 ca = 4,5m
3
/ngay.
Lng nc dung cho tam ra ve sinh cua cong nhan
trc khi ra ve:
Q
shvs
= 180 ngi x 45 l/ng.ca 1 ca = 8,1 m
3
/ngay.
Nc cho nhu cau an uong, chuan b ba an cua
cong nhan tai Cong ty:
Theo tieu chuan thiet ke TCVN 4474 -87. lng nc s
dung cho nha an tap the, tnh cho 1 ngi/1 ba an la
25 lt. Do vay, lng nc thai t nha an c tnh nh
sau:
Q
shna
= 180 ngi x 25 l/ng.ca 1 ca = 4,5 m
3
/ngay.
Tong lng nc thai sinh hoat cua Cong ty trong 1
ngay:
Q
SH
= (4,5+ 8,1 + 4,5) x K
ngay
= 25,65 m3/ngay.
(Trong o: K
ngay
: he so ieu hoa ngay, K
ngay
= 1,5)
ac trng cua nc thai sinh hoat nh sau:
Cac loai nc thai t hoat ong sinh hoat cua Cong ty
Giet mo gia suc co tnh chat tng t nh cac loai nc
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
31
Thc pham Vang
thai sinh hoat khac: cha cac chat can ba, cac chat ran
l lng, cac chat hu c, chat chat dinh dng va vi
trung.
Bang 3.1 Nong o cac chat o nhiem trong nc
thai sinh hoat
CHAT O NHIEM NONG
O
TCVN
5945-2005
(loai B)
(mg/l) 5,5 - 9
BOD
5
100 120 100
COD 120 140 50
SS 200 220 100
Tong Nit 28 1
Tong Photpho 28 30
Dau m 40 120 6
Coliform (MPN/100ml) 10
5
10
6
0,5
10
5000
Nguon: Vien tai nguyen va moi trng
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
32
Thc pham Vang
3.2.1.c. Nc thai cong nghiep:
Tac ong moi trng ang ke nhat t cac c s giet
mo gia suc la nc thai. Nc thai phat sinh tai cac c
s giet mo gia suc thng b nhiem ban nang bi
huyet, m, protein, Nit, Phospho, cac chat tay ra va cac
chat bao quan. Nong o cac chat gay o nhiem cao
trong nc thng co nguon goc t chat thai la huyet
va t khau lam long. Trong huyet cha nhieu chat hu
c co ham lng Nit rat cao, v huyet chiem 6% trong
lng cua ong vat song nen phng phap x ly va loai
bo huyet co y ngha rat quan trong oi vi lng chat
gay o nhiem c tao ra. Nhng chat cha ben trong
long ruot thng chiem 16% trong lng song cua trau
bo va 6% trong lng song cua heo, do vay khau lam
long la khau ac biet quan trong gop mot lng ln
chat o nhiem vao nc thai.
Theo so lieu thong ke cua cac nc thanh vien
trong khoi EU, trung bnh moi con heo giet mo can 3 m
3
.
Viet Nam, mc s dung nc trung bnh khoang 0.5m
3
/con
(trong lng trung bnh khoang 160 kg/con).Viec s dung
nc tai cac c s giet mo cac nc trong khoi EU
c ieu hanh bi cac luat cua EU va cac hiep hoi
lien quan, trong o yeu cau phai s dung nc sach,
nc uong c trong tat ca cac cong oan va han che
s dung lai nc trong suot qua trnh giet mo. Viec s
dung qua nhieu nc khong ch la yeu to moi trng
va kinh te ma con ganh nang cho cac tram x ly nc
thai. Van e o nhiem cua nc thai co the c giam
thieu bang cach tan thu cac san pham phu va cac chat
thai cang gan nguon thai cang tot va bang cach ngan
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
33
Thc pham Vang
chang chat thai tiep xuc vi nguon nc. Tuy nhien
viec loai bo hay giam thieu lng nc s dung can phai
c xem xet cu the tng cong oan cua quy trnh giet
mo.
Theo bang d toan doanh thu hang thang trong D an
au t cua Nha may ta co the tnh lng nc thai cua
Nha may nh sau:
Lng nc thai cua nha may trong 1 ngay (3.000 con ga,
2.100 con vt, 180 con heo, 30 con bo)
- Lng nc s dung e giet mo trung bnh cho moi
con heo: 0,1m
3
/ nc.(lng nc ke ca ve sinh phan
xng san xuat).
- Lng nc s dung e giet mo trung bnh cho moi
con bo: 0,25 m
3
/ nc (lng nc ke ca ve sinh
phan xng san xuat).
- Lu lng nc s dung e giet mo trung bnh cho
moi con ga, vt 0,02m
3
/ nc. (lng nc ke ca ve
sinh phan xng san xuat).
Theo bao cao d an au t cua nha may:
- So lng con ga, vt mot ngay giet mo 5100 con,
lng nc thai sinh ra trong cong oan giet mo nay:
0,02 m
3
/con x 5,100 con = 102 m
3
/ ngay
- So lng con bo mot ngay giet mo 50 con, lng
nc thai sinh ra trong cong oan giet mo nay: 0,25
m
3
/con x 50 con = 12,5 m
3
/ ngay
- So lng con heo mot ngay giet mo 180 con, lng
nc thai sinh ra trong cong oan giet mo nay: 0,1
m
3
/con x 180 con = 18 m
3
/ ngay
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
34
Thc pham Vang
- So lng de mot ngay giet mo 100 con, lng nc
thai sinh ra trong cong oan giet mo nay la: 0,1
m
3
/con x 100 con = 10 m
3
/ ngay
Vay lng nc thai sinh ra trong mot ngay giet mo: 142,5
m
3
/ ngay
Lng nc thai sinh hoat la: 25,65 m
3
/ngay
Vay tong lng nc thai c tnh mot ngay la:
142,5 +25,65 = 168,15 m
3
/ngay.
3.2.2 Kh thai:
3.2.2.a Kh thai may phat ien
e chu ong trong qua trnh san xuat, D an se trang
b 01 may phat ien vi cong suat 200KVA e phong
nga trng hp cup ien va e lien tuc hoat ong.
Nhien lieu s dung cho may phat ien la dau DO, vi
mc tieu hao nhien lieu la 40 kg dau DO trong mot gi.
Qua trnh ot dau DO van hanh may phat ien se tao ra
kh thai co cha cac chat o nhiem nh: Bui, SO
2
, NO
x
, CO
2
gay o nhiem cho moi trng khong kh. Da tren he so
o nhiem va lng nhien lieu tieu thu, co the c tnh
lng va nong o cac chat o nhiem trong kh thai cua
may phat ien nh sau:
Theo phng phap anh gia nhanh cua To chc Y te
the gii th he so o nhiem khi ot dau DO van hanh
may phat ien la :
Bang 3.2 : He so o nhiem cua may phat ien
Cac chat o nhiem He so o nhiem (kg/tan
dau)
Bui 0,71
SO
2
20
NO
2
9,6
CO 2,19
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
35
Thc pham Vang
Nguon: World Health Organization 1993
Biet c lng dau s dung cho may phat ien tnh
c tai lng kh thai nh sau :
Bang 3.3 : Tai lng o nhiem cua may phat ien
Cac chat o nhiem Tai lng o nhiem MP
(g/h)
Bui 28,4
SO
2
800
NO
x
384
CO 87,6
- Lu lng kh thai:
Theo phng trnh phan ng chay, khi ot lng khong
kh d la 30% va nhiet o kh thai la 200
0
C th lng kh
thai sinh ra khi ot 1kg dau DO chay may phat ien la 38
m
3
. Moi gi MP s dung khoang 40 kg dau th lu lng kh
thai se la 1520 m
3
/h va nong o cac chat o nhiem trong
kh thai nh sau:
- Nong o kh thai:
Nong o kh thai cua may phat ien c tnh tren c s
tai lng o nhiem va lu lng kh thai.
Bang 3.4: Nong o chat o nhiem cua may phat
ien
Cac chat o
nhiem
Nong o chat o
nhiem MP (mg/m
3
)
TCVN 5939-1995
(loai B)
Bui 18,7 400
SO
2
526,32 500
NO
x
252,63 1.000
CO 57,63 500
So sanh ket qua vi tieu chuan kh thai cho thay,
hau het nong o cac chat o nhiem trong kh thai cua
may phat ien nho hn tieu chuan cho phep, ch tr
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
36
Thc pham Vang
nong o SO
2
vt tieu chuan cho phep. Do o cong ty
can quan tam khac phuc nguon o nhiem nay.
3.2.2.b Kh thai lo hi: lo hi s dung ien nen
khong co o nhiem do kh thai lo hi gay ra.
3.2.2.c T nguon o nhiem khac:
Ngoai ra, kh thai trong hoat ong cua cac c s giet mo
la cac chat bay hi t lo hi c dung e tang nhiet
o nc va hi, kh thai t qua trnh lam lanh tai cac
xng ong lanh hay kh CO
2
phat sinh t hoat ong cua
cac thiet b khac. Ngoai ra van e o khong kh con
phat sinh t cac nguon: khu nhot gia suc (phan va nc
thai...); t cac cong trnh x ly s bo (chu yeu la cac
ham lang); t chat thai ran ong lai do lam ve sinh
khong tot (huyet ton ong, cac au mau tha, long)
ong thi con co nguon kh thai t cac phng
tien giao thong van tai khi giao thong nhan nguyen lieu
hoac san pham trong cong ty. Kh thai nay cha cac chat
o nhiem khong kh nh CO, NO
2
, bui
Cac nguon kh thai noi tren eu co kha nang gay
anh hng xau en sc khoe cua nhng ngi cong
nhan trc tiep san xuat trong nha may va anh hng
lan rong en cac nha may khac trong khu cong nghiep.
3.2.3 Mui:
Trong nc thai giet mo gia suc co cha cac thanh
phan chat hu c t huyet, cac chat hu c kho hoa tan
va de phan huy chat beo bao hoa. Cac chat nay de
b phan huy (ham lng lipit khong cao) tao ra cac san
pham co cha indol va cac san pham trung gian cua s
phan huy cac axit beo khong bao hoa tao mui rat kho
chu rat ac trng, lam o nhiem canh quan moi trng.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
37
Thc pham Vang
Mui hoi con do cac loai kh, san pham cua qua trnh
phan huy k kh khong hoan toan cua cac hp chat protit
va axit beo khac trong nc thai sinh ra cac hp chat H
2
S.
3.2.4 Tieng on:
Tieng on chu yeu phat sinh trong qua trnh giao nhan gia
suc, phat sinh t hoat ong cua cac phng tien van
chuyen van tai, may moc thiet b s dung tai nha may
giet mo gia suc nh may nen kh, may lanh, quat thong
gio
Ngoai ra con co tieng on do cua gia suc trong qua
trnh giet mo va trong chuong nhot gia suc.
3.2.5 Nhiet o:
Nhiet o cua moi trng lam viec trong pham vi anh
hng cua nha may phat sinh t cac thiet b, t cong
nhan hoat ong san xuat cung anh hng en s bay
hi, phat tan bui, cac chat gay o nhiem trong khong kh
cung nh co tac ong en qua trnh trao oi nhiet cua c
the, lam anh hng en nang suat lao ong.
Nguon nhiet cua nha may chu yeu phat sinh t khu vc
sau:
- Nha lo hi;
- Trung nc nong gia suc va gia cam.
3.2.6 Chat thai ran:
Khi i vao hoat ong, nha may se san sinh ra mot lng
chat thai nhat nh. Bao gom hai nguon sau:
3.2.6.a Chat thai do hoat ong san xuat:
Bao gom xac suc vat, cac vat pham, au mau tha,
huyet , m vun, long, mong, cac chat trong long
ruot va da day gia suc, phan va cac thanh phan
hu c khac.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
38
Thc pham Vang
3.2.6.b Chat thai ran sinh hoat:
Bao gom cac thanh phan t sinh hoat cua nhan vien
trong nha may nh thc an tha, mau thuoc la
Mot loai chat thai ran khac cung co kha nang hnh
thanh t he thong x ly nc thai, kh thai cua cac
nha may chu yeu la bun, can lang trong he thong x
ly nc thai va cac chat hap phu het tac dung trong
cac thiet b x ly kh thai.
c tnh lng chat thai ran san xuat sinh ra khoang
300 kg/ngay, chat thai ran sinh hoat khoang 20 kg/ngay.
3.3. Cong tac moi trng a thc hien:
3.3.1. Bien phap chong on:
D an se ap dung moi bien phap e giam thieu tieng
on nh:
- Khu vc san xuat c xay dng cach biet vi
khu vc van phong.
- Tieng on tao ra t moi quy trnh sau khi a c
x ly bang thiet b giam thanh, c tng nha che
chan va mot khoang cach nhat nh se ap ng
c cac tieu chuan quy nh va trang b nut tai
chong on cho cong nhan lam viec tai ay.
- Cac may moc, thiet b s dung cho d an se
c la chon cac may moc, thiet b tao ra tieng on
nho.
- nh ky kiem tra, bao dng cac thiet b.
- oi vi tieng on do may phat ien, Cong ty se
au t trang b he thong chong on cho may phat
ien.
3.3.2. Kiem soat o nhiem khong kh:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
39
Thc pham Vang
Nguon o nhiem khong kh chu yeu la khoi thai may
phat ien, khoi thai lo hi.
Nguon thai nay co ac iem sau:
S dung nguyen lieu la dau DO, he so phat tan
o nhiem thap.
May phat ien t khi hoat ong va thi gian hoat
ong khong lien tuc;
Lng nhien lieu s dung cho lo hi khong ln; 30
lt/lo/gi.
Do o nguon thai nay co the khong phai x ly
ma ch dung biep phap phat tan bang ong khoi co
chieu cao thch hp (>10 m)
Nong o cac chat kh phat tan ra moi trng
khong kh xung quanh phai nho hn tieu chuan cho phep
va nho hn mc o quy nh cu the cua c quan chc
nang thong qua viec giam sat chat lng moi trng khu
vc.
3.3.3. Kiem soat o nhiem do nc thai:
He thong thoat nc thai sinh hoat va nc ma se
c tach ri nhau:
- Mang li thoat nc ma c thiet ke vi cac
ho ga nham loai bo cac can ban trc khi dan vao
he thong thoat nc ma cua Nha may.
- Tat ca nc thai sinh hoat t khu vc nha ve
sinh cua toan bo D an eu c x ly at tieu
chuan Viet Nam 5945-1995 nguon loai A trc khi thoat
vao he thong thoat nc cua nha may.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
40
Thc pham Vang
3.3.4. Giam thieu o nhiem do nc ma chay
tran:
Nc ma c thu gom vao he thong thoat nc ma
rieng biet. He thong cong thoat nc ma c thiet ke
hp ly va hieu qua. Doc theo cong co cac ho gas dung
e lang can, tai iem xa cuoi cung at cac song chan
rac e tach rac co kch thc ln trc trc khi thoat
vao he thong thoat nc ma cua Nha may.
3.3.5. Giam thieu o nhiem do chat thai ran:
3.3.5.a Chat thai ran sinh hoat:
Chat thai ran t d an chu yeu la chat thai
ran sinh hoat phat sinh t cac phan xng, khu vc
van phong, nha ve sinh c tap trung vao cac
thung cha co nap ay dung tch 100 200lt c at
tai cac v tr thuan li tai moi iem trong khuon vien
d an, am bao ieu kien ve sinh va nc ma
khong chay qua. Cuoi moi ngay c thu gom ng
trong cac thung co nap ay kn va tap trung ve
mot ni quy nh. Lng rac nay se c hp ong
vi n v co chc nang thu gom vi tan suat
2lan/tuan.
3.3.5.b Chat thai ran san xuat:
Cong ty se hp ong vi n v co chc nang thu
gom va x ly ung quy nh.
3.3.6. Chong nong va am bao cac yeu to vi
kh hau:
e am bao yeu to chong nong va cac yeu to vi kh
hau anh hng en sc khoe va nang suat lam viec
cua cong nhan. D an can trang b cac thiet b, he
thong e am bao cac yeu to tren:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
41
Thc pham Vang
- He thong ieu hoa khong kh khong co kiem soat
o am: Lng khong kh khong oi ben ngoai
c ieu hoa lan vi lng khong kh hoi ve trong
buong hoa kh. Khong kh hoa lan c loc va lam
lanh trong cuon day lam lanh.
Khong kh cung cap c a ti phong thong qua
cac ong dan. Khong kh hoi ve c lu thong tr
lai qua ng ong dan hay c hut trc tiep bo
phan ieu hoa khong kh.
Moi bo phan ieu hoa khong kh bao gom bo
loc, quat hng tam, chu ky lam lanh vi cuon day
gian n trc tiep va he thong ieu khien nhiet o.
- He thong thong gio khong co cac bo loc: Quat hut
c bo tr tren tng hay tren tran nha e hut
khong kh t phong ra ngoai, cung cap khong kh vao
phong thong qua cac lo h hay trong trng hp qua
ap th can cung cap quat gio.
- He thong thong gio t nhien: Khong kh c hut ra
ngoai qua cac thiet b thong gio tren mai nha hay
tren tng gan mai, va khong kh ben ngoai
c a vao thong qua cac lo h.
Ben canh o D an bo tr trong cay xanh, cay
canh trong xung quanh nha xng, van phong, can-
tin, ng noi bo trong khu vc d an vi ty le cay
xanh chiem tren 15% am bao tuan thu theo quy
pham ve quy hoach cay xanh trong x nghiep cong
nghiep.
3.3.7. Kiem soat, ng cu s co:
Cac con ng trong nha may c sap xep theo lo trnh
kn. Khoang cach gia cac xng va thiet b c thiet
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
42
Thc pham Vang
ke theo ung yeu cau ve cha chay, no doc theo cac
truc ng gan vi cac nha xng. Nhng khu vc co
kha nang phat sinh chay no c trang b cac thiet b
chay tai cho.
Tai nhng v tr khac eu co trang b mot he thong
cha chay vi bnh cha chay bang CO
2
. He thong nay
bao gom cac thiet b bao chay t ong, thiet b phat
hien khoi, ngon la, cac hop bao ong thu cong cung
vi cac thiet b cha chay nh bnh bot, bnh CO
2
va cac
ong dan. ong thi luon d tr nc e phong khi co
s co ve hoa hoan xay ra.
Thanh lap oi phong chong chay, xay dng noi quy
phong chay cha chay...
3.3.8. Ve sinh an toan lao ong:
Khi d an i vao hoat ong e phong nga cac s co
nh chay no, tai nan lao ong cung nh o nhiem bot bui,
tieng on, nhiet o cao, sam chpgay anh hng en
cong nhan lao ong ben can o D an se thc hien tat
ca bien phap ve sinh va an toan se tuan thu cac quy
nh va tieu chuan cung nh cac yeu cau lien quan.
Chu d an cam ket tuan thu Ngh nh 6/CP cua
Chnh phu Viet Nam ky ngay 20/1/1995 trong o co nhng
qui nh chi tiet ve an toan va ve sinh lao ong cua Bo
luat Lao ong. Bien phap nham giam thieu cac tac
nhan o nhiem co anh hng en sc khoe cong nhan
se c ap dung la:
- Chng trnh kiem tra va giam nh ve sc khoe
nh ky cho cong nhan.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
43
Thc pham Vang
- am bao cac yeu to vi kh hau va ieu kien
lao ong at Tieu chuan do Bo Y te ban hanh e
am bao sc khoe cho ngi lao ong.
- Trang b quan ao va thiet b bao ho lao ong
cho cong nhan, tao dieu kien cho ngi lao ong lam
viec thoai mai, de chu.
- Bo tr nhan vien chuyen trach ve ve sinh, moi
trng va an toan lao ong. Nhan vien nay co trach
nhiem theo doi, hng dan cho cong nhan thc hien
cac bien phap ve sinh va an toan lao ong.
- Giao duc, nang cao nhan thc cua cong nhan
vien ve cong tac bao ve moi trng.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
44
Thc pham Vang
CHNG 4: E XUAT CAC PHNG
AN VA TNH TOAN CAC CONG TRNH
X LY NC THAI CUA CONG TY
4.1. CAC THONG SO TNH TOAN:
Thanh phan va tnh chat nc thai
Lu lng nc thai toi a va tnh chat nc thai:
- Lu lng: 100 m
3
/ngay em.
- Tnh chat nc thai c the hien theo bang sau:
Bang 4.1: Tnh chat nc thai giet mo gia suc, gia cam
TT
Thong so o
nhiem
n v
tnh
Gia tr
TCVN
5945-2005 (loai
B)
01 pH - 6,5-8 5,5 - 9
02 SS mg/l 180 100
03 BOD mg/l 2000 50
04 COD mg/l 2700 100
05 NH
4
-N mg/l 30-70 1
06 Tong Nit mg/l 50-100 30
07 Tong Phospho mg/l 6-18 6
08 Sunfua mg/l 1-8 0,5
09 Dau ong thc
vat
mg/l 2-18 10
10 Coliforms
mg/l
11 10
3
-
13 10
3
5000
Nguon: Vien moi trng tai nguyen
Trong nc thai giet mo gia suc co cha cac thanh
phan chat hu c t huyet, cac chat hu c kho hoa tan
va de phan huy chat beo bao hoa. Cac chat nay de
b phan huy ( ham lng lipit khong cao) tao ra cac san
pham co cha indol va cac san pham trung gian cua s
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
Nc
sau
tach
bun
45
Thc pham Vang
phan huy cac axit beo khong bao hoa tao mui rat kho
chu rat ac trng, lam o nhiem canh quan moi trng.
Mui hoi con do cac loai kh, san pham cua qua trnh
phan huy k kh khong hoan toan cua cac hp chat protit
va axit beo khac trong nc thai sinh ra cac hp chat H
2
S.
4.2. CAC CONG NGHE E XUAT:
Muc tieu la chon cong nghe
am bao nc sau x ly at tieu chuan nguon xa
TCVN 5945 -2005 (loai B)
Cong suat x ly theo yeu cau thiet ke.
San pham th cap (kh thai mui hoi) sinh ra t cac
cong oan c kiem tra chat che va x ly triet e
khong gay anh hng en moi trng xung quanh.
Tiet kiem chi ph au t xay dng he thong.
Chi ph van hanh he thong x ly nc thai thap
nhat.
Van hanh n gian.
Kien truc xay dng, lap at phu hp vi canh quan
moi trng cong ty.
Thuan tien cho vien nang cong suat x ly khi can
thiet sau nay.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
Nc
sau
tach
bun
46
Thc pham Vang
4.2.1...................................................PHNG AN 1:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
May
nen kh
BE TUYEN NOI
NGAN TIEP
NHAN
AEROTANK
BE IEU HOA
USAB
KH TRUNG
BE LANG II
BE CHA BUN
Nc
sau
tach
bun
X ly
bun
SONG CHAN
RAC
May
thoi kh
NGUON TIEP
NHAN
47
Thc pham Vang
4.2.2.............................................MO TA CONG NGHE :
Cong nghe x ly cua tram x ly nc thai cua tram
x ly c la chon tren c s cac so lieu au vao va
au ra, cong suat thiet ke, ieu kien mat bang, c s
khoa hoc, tnh hnh au t cua doanh nghiep.
Cong nghe cua tram x ly nc thai c phan chia
thanh 3 giai oan: x ly bac 1, x ly bac 2, va x ly
bun
Giai oan x ly bac 1:
- Song chan rac c van hanh thu cong.
- Ngan thu nc thai.
- Be lang cat suc kh.
- Be ieu hoa.
- Thiet b tuyen noi.
Nc thai sinh hoat va t cac khau san xuat c thu
ve ho ga cua tram giet mo, trc tien chay qua song
chan rac e tach can tho va can co kch thc nho.
Cau tao cua song chan rac gom cac thanh chan inox, sap
xep canh nhau va han co nh tren khung inox. Theo tnh
chat cua nc thai va qui mo au t cong nghe nay
la chon song chan rac vi phng phap vt rac thu
cong va kch thc khe h song chan loai trung bnh ( 5 25
mm). Nc thai qua song chan rac roi chay vao ngan
tiep nhan.
T ngan tiep nhan nc thai c bm len be lang
cat suc kh e loai bo cat va lam giam nong o BOD
va COD. Nc thai t be lang cat suc kh se qua be
ieu hoa. Thong thng trong qua trnh san xuat, lu
lng nc thai trong cac chu ky khac nhau cung khac
nhau, do o muc ch cua viec xay dng be ieu hoa la
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
48
Thc pham Vang
nham lam cho nc thai trc khi chay vao he thong x
ly luon luon on nh ca ve lu lng va nong o cac
chat o nhiem trong nc thai.
e hoa tron eu nc thai va tranh gay mui hoi
do b phan huy yem kh trong be ieu hoa, khong kh c
suc vao t may thoi kh va c phan bo eu nh cac
a phan phoi kh c at chm di ay be.
T be ieu hoa nc thai se c bm sang he
thong tuyen noi ap lc e tach chat ran l lng va
dau m.
Qua trnh tuyen noi ap lc:
Do ac thu nc thai cua nganh giet mo gia suc
co lan mot lng rat ln dau m ton tai ca 2 dang:
can l lng va huyen phu l lng nen lng m nay
khong the tach ra khoi nc thai bang phng phap lang
thong thng. Trong trng hp nay tuyen noi ap lc la
phng phap hu hieu nhat.
Tuyen noi la qua trnh tach cac chat ran l lng va
huyen phu ra khoi nc thai. Qua trnh tach c thc
hien bang viec tao ra cac hat vi bot trong nc thai. Cac
vi bot nay se dnh bam vao cac chat ran va trong qua
trnh i len se ay cac chat ran nay noi len tren mat
nc va chung c lay ra bang thanh gat be mat. Cum
thiet b tuyen noi bao gom cac hang muc chnh nh sau:
- Thiet b tuyen noi .
- Bnh bao hoa kh .
- May nen kh .
- Thanh gat bot be mat .
- Van giam ap.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
49
Thc pham Vang
Sau khi qua thiet b tuyen noi nc thai c a en
be UASB trc khi vao be x ly sinh hoc hieu kh (aeroten).
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc k kh:
Qua trnh x l k kh c ap dung trong giai oan x l bac
2 va ac biet ap dung cho cac loai nc thai o nhiem
hu c cao. ay la phng phap s dung cac loai vi sinh
vat k kh e phan huy cac chat hu c, e tao ra cac
kh biogas
Cac giai oan cua qua trnh phan huy k kh:
Giai oan thuy phan
Cac vi khuan tiet ra cac loai ezim e chuyen cac chat
hu c phc tap thanh cac chat hoa tan n gian co
khoi lng phan t nho hn . Trong giai oan nay , cac
protein c chuyen thanh aminoacid, carbohydrats c
chuyen thanh ng hoa tan ng carcbonhydarat chuyen
thanh ng hao tan , lipids chuyen thanh cac acid mach
dai va glycerin .
Qua trnh nay xay ra cham , toc o thuy phan phu thuoc
vao pH, kch thc hat va ac tnh de phan huy cua c
chat. Chat beo phan huy cham .
Giai oan acid hoa
Cac loai vi sinh vat len men chuyen hoa cac chat hoa tan
thanh cac chat n gian nh acid beo de bay hi , alcohols ,
acid lactic, methanol, CO
2
, H
2
, NH
3
, H
2
S va sinh khoi mi . S
hnh thanh cac acid co the lam pH giam xuong 4. Giai
oan nay c thc hien chu yeu do vi khuan k kh bat
buoc.
Giai oan acetic.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
50
Thc pham Vang
Di tac dung cua vi khuan acetic , cac san pham cua
qua trnh acid hoa c chuyen hoa thanh acetate va H
2
,
CO
2
va sinh khoi mi .
Giai oan methane hoa.
ay la giai oan cuoi cua qua trnh phan huy k kh.
Acid acetic , H
2
, CO
2
, acid formic va methanol chuyen hoa
thanh methane, CO
2
va sinh khoi mi . Trong 3 giai oan
thuy phan, acid hoa va acetic hoa, COD trong dung dch
hau nh khong giam. COD ch giam trong qua trnh
methane hoa.
Be x l sinh hoc k kh dong chay ngc c ap
dung e x l cac loai nc thai co ham lng hu c
cao. Qua trnh phan huy sinh hoc trong be c dien ra
di ieu kien k kh. Hon hp kh long va di tac dung
cua dong chay ngc lam cho cac hat bun l lng xao
tron. Cac loai kh tao ra trong ieu kien k kh se tao ra
dong tuan hoan cuc bo .
Nguyen l hoat ong cua UASB:
Nc thai sau khi ieu chnh pH theo ong dan vao t
ay be. Hon hp bun k kh trong be se hap thu cac
chat hu c hoa tan trong nc thai, phan huy va
chuyen hoa chung thanh kh ( khoang 70 -80% CH4, 20-30%
CO2) va nc . Cac hat bun can bam vao cac bot kh
c sinh ra noi len be mat lam xao tron va gay ra
dong tuan hoan cuc bo trong lp can l lng . Kh sinh ra
c thu vao pheu tach kh c lap at pha tren ( co
tac dung tach ca 3 pha : ran , long , kh) . e thu kh tap
trung vao pheu khong va ngan lang , can co tam
hng dong. Trong bo phan tach kh , dien tch be mat
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
51
Thc pham Vang
nc phai u ln e cac hat bun noi do dnh ba vao
cac bot kh tach ra khoi bot kh .
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh (be aeroten):
Qua trnh x ly hieu kh co s dung bun hoat tnh
vi s tham gia cua cac vi khuan hieu kh song l lng.
Cac chat hu c co hai cho moi trng se c cac vi
khuan hieu kh chuyen hoa thanh cac chat vo c (CO
2
,
H
2
O) vo hai. Trong qua trnh x ly mot lng ln bun hoat
tnh (biomass) d sinh ra se c s dung nh mot nguon
phan bon cho cay trong.
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh dien ra tai be
AEROTANK. Tai be AEROTANK mot lng oxy thch hp c
a vao bang may thoi kh thong qua cac au phan phoi
kh at ay be giup cho qua trnh sinh hoa dien ra
nhanh hn. Vi sinh vat hieu kh se tieu thu cac chat hu c
dang keo va dang hoa tan e sinh trng. Vi sinh vat phat
trien thanh quan the dang bong bun. Qua trnh chuyen
hoa vat chat co the xay ra ngoai te bao VSV cung
co the xay ra trong te bao VSV. Ca hai qua trnh chuyen
hoa eu phu thuoc rat ln vao s tiep xuc cac chat
vi te bao VSV. Kha nang tiep xuc cang ln th phan
ng xay cang manh. Do o trong he thong cong nghe
nay lap at them he thong thoi kh. Khi khong kh vao
trong thiet b gay ra nhng tac ong chu yeu sau:
+ Cung cap oxy cho te bao VSV
+ Lam xao tron dung dch, tang kha nang tiep xuc gia
vat chat va te bao
+ Pha v the bao vay cua san pham trao oi chat xung
quanh te bao VSV, giup cho qua trnh tham thau vat chat
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
52
Thc pham Vang
t ngoai te bao vao trong te bao va qua trnh chuyen
van ngc lai.
+ Tang nhanh qua trnh sinh san vi khuan
+ Tang nhanh s thoat khoi dung dch cua cac chat kh
c tao ra trong qua trnh len men. Khi len men, VSV thng
tao ra mot so san pham dang kh. Cac loai kh nay
khong co y ngha oi vi hoat ong song cua VSV.
Khi vi sinh vat phat trien manh sinh khoi tang, vi sinh
vat gia chet tao thanh cac mang choc ra khoi gia the
(bong bun) troi theo nc ra ngoai va c lang be
lang ly tam.
Tai be lang hai xay ra ong thi qua trnh keo tu
va lang. Ham lng chat l lng, mang vi sinh b troi ra
khoi be sinh hoc va cac dung dch dang keo se c
keo tu va lang xuong ay be. Hieu qua x ly at t 80
-95% theo BOD va COD. Tai be lang, bun sinh khoi sinh ra
c lang xuong ay va phan ln lng bun nay c
bm a quay tr ve be AEROTEN e tiep tuc tham gia qua
trnh phan ng va c goi la bun hoat tnh hoi lu. Phan
con lai goi la bun d c bm a sang be nen bun.
Tiep tuc nc sau khi qua be lang, nc thai c a
vao be kh trung.Tai be kh trung, vi thi gian lu
nc thch hp, nc thai tiep xuc vi dung dch oxy hoa
manh co tnh chat kh trung. Cac chat oxyhoa co tac
dung phan huy, c che hoat ong te bao vi sinh vat.
Ket qua vi sinh vat b tieu diet.
Giai oan x ly bun:
Lng bun va can sinh ra t be tuyen noi, lng
bun sinh ra trong qua trnh x ly sinh hoc be UASB va
be lang ly tam c a sang be nen bun trong lc nham
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
53
Thc pham Vang
lam gia tang ham lng chat ran cha trong bun e phu
hp vi viec kh nc.
4.2.3............................PHAN TNH TOAN D AN 1:
4.2.3.a TNH LU LNG NC THAI:
Q=100m
3
/ngay em =4,167 m
3
/h =1,1574x10
-3
m
3
/s
Lu lng nc thai theo gi ln nhat:
Q
h
max
= Q
h
tb
x K
h
= 4,167 x 3,4 = 14,1678 (m
3
/h) = 0,0039355
(m
3
/s) (trang 99, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Vi K
h
la he so vt tai theo gi ln nhat. T bang 3-2
trang 99, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
suy ra K
h
= 3,4.
4.2.3.b TNH HAM BM TIEP NHAN VA SONG
CHAN RAC:
Ham bm tiep nhan :
V
b
= 4,167 x 15 x
60
1
= 1,042 (m
3
)
Ta co:
ng ong cong dan nc thai en ham bm tiep
nhan = 300mm = 0,3m.
Cot ay cong cach ay ham bm h= 0,3m (e bm
chm trong nc, bm cao khoang 0,3m).
Vay ta co chieu cao mc nc (h
1
) 0,3 + 0,3 = 0,6m.
Chon h
1
= 0,6m.
Dien tch ham bm :
2
1
3,12525
1,737( )
0,6
b
b
V
S m
h

Ta at song chan rac trong ham bm tiep nhan, chieu cao
song chan rac 0,6m.
Chon h
2
= 0,7m.
Song chan rac at nghieng so vi ay be goc = 60
o
.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
54
Thc pham Vang
Chieu dai song chan rac :
2
0,7
0,81( )
sin60
3
2
o
h
l m
Chieu dai ham bm:
L = l
1
+ l
2
+ l
3
= 0,2 + 0,41 + 0,5 = 1,11(m)
Chon L = 1,9m.
Trong o:
o l
1
: khoang cach e thao tac lay rac, l
1
= 0,2m.
o l
2
: khoang cach song chan rac trong ham bm
o
2 2 2 2
2 2
0,81 0, 7 0, 41( ) l l h m
o l
3
: khoang cach at bm chm l
3
= 0,3 0,5m. Chon l
3
= 0,4m.
Chieu rong ham bm bang chieu rong song chan
rac :
1, 737
0, 9142( )
1, 01
S
B B m

Chon B = 1m.
Chon song chan rac:
o Rong B: 5mm.
o Day : 25mm.
o Khe h gia cac thanh hnh vuong hai au l = 25mm.
o Goc nghieng =60
o
.
So khe qua song chan rac :
B
S
= x (n-1) + b x n
1 = 0,025n 0,025 + 0,005n
n = 34,167 (khe)
Chon n = 35 khe
Vi :
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
55
Thc pham Vang
: be day song chan rac, = 0,025m.
n : so khe qua song chan rac.
b : be rong song chan rac, b = 0,005m.
Chon song chan rac at cach thanh so khe, so song chan
rac la 34 thanh.
Ton that ap lc qua song chan rac:
H
s
=
2
max
2
v
k
g

=
2
0,8
0, 245 3
2 9, 81

= 0,024 (m)
Trong o:
V
max
: van toc nc thai trc song chan rac, V=0,8
(m/s)
K: he so tnh en s tang ton that ap lc do rac
bam, K = 2 3 chon K=3
: he so ton that ap lc cuc bo
x (
b
)
4/3
x sin
= 2,42 x (
25
5
)
4/3
x sin60
0
= 0,245
(m)
: goc nghien at song chan rac,
= 60
0
: he so phu thuoc hnh dang thanh ,hnh vuong 2

au,
= 2,42
Chieu cao xay dng ham bm tiep nhan:
H = h + h
3
+ h
bv
= 0,3 + 0,7 + 0,3 = 1,3(m).
Trong o:
h : o sau cot ay cong cach ay ham bm, h =
0,3m.
h
3
: o sau cot ay cong so vi mat at, h
3
= 0,7m.
h
bv
: chieu cao bao ve, h
bv
= 0,3m.

Chon loai bm nhung chm at tai ham bm co Q
b
= 45
m
3
/h (Q
h
max
=4,167m
3
/h) cot ap H = 8 10 m.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
56
Thc pham Vang
Chon hai bm chm ( mot bm d phong)
Ham lng chat l lng SS cua nc thai sau khi qua
song chan rac giam 4%.
SS
ra
= 0,96 x SS
vao
= 0,96 x 180 = 172,8 (mg/l)
Ham lng BOD va COD cua nc thai sau khi qua song
chan rac giam 5%.
COD
ra
= 0,95 x COD
vao
= 0,95 x 2700 = 2565 (mg/l)
BOD
ra
= 0,95 x BOD
vao
= 0,95 x 2000 = 1900 (mg/l)
STT Cac thong so
So
lieu
n v
1
Chieu dai ham bm (L)
1,9 m
2
Chieu rong ham bm (B)
1 m
3
Chieu cao xay dng ham bm (H)
1,3 m
4
So khe
35 khe
5
So song chan rac
34 thanh
6
Chieu cao song chan rac
0,7 m
7
Goc nghieng ()
60 o
8
Be rong song chan rac (b)
5 mm
9
Be day song chan rac ()
25 mm
10
Khe h gia cac thanh (l)
25 mm
4.2.3.c TNH BE LANG CAT THOI KH :
The tch be lang cat thoi kh :
max.h
V Q t
= 14,1678 x 2 = 28,3356 (m
3
)
Trong o:
Q
max.h
: lu lng ln nhat gi, Q
max.h
= 14,1678 m
3
/h.
T : thi gian lu nc trong be, t = 2 gi.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
57
Thc pham Vang
Theo Bang TK-6, trang 195, XLNTT va CN, LMT chon:
o T le gia chieu rong vi chieu cao : B:H = 1:1
o Chieu cao cong tac cua be la H = 2,1m
o Chieu cao bao ve la h
bv
= 0,3m
o Lng kh cung cap q
k
= 0,2 m
3
/ phut.
He thong lam thoang at doc theo mot tng suot ca
chieu dai be va cao hn ay mot khoang 20 - 80 cm. o
doc ngang cua ay be i = 0,20,4 doc ve pha mang thu
e cho cat trt theo ay vao mang.(Theo muc 2.24, trang
41,Hoang Hue) chon chieu cao vung cha cat h
cat
= 0,6m.
(trang 445, XLNTT va CN, LMT)
Chieu rong cua be:
B = H = 2,1(m)
Chieu dai cua be:
) ( 425 , 6
1 , 2 1 , 2
3356 , 28
m
H B
V
L
T so chieu dai so vi chieu rong be:

1
3
1 , 2
425 , 6

B
L
Nh vay chon kch thc la hp ly.
Lu lng khong kh can cung cap cho be lang
cat:
Q
kk
= q
k
x L = 0,2 x 6,425 = 1,285(m
3
/ phut) (trang
195, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Lng cat trung bnh sinh ra moi ngay:
1000
o tbngd
c
q Q
W

100 0,15
0, 015
1000
(m
3
/ng) (trang 196,
XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
58
Thc pham Vang
o Q
tbngd
: lu lng nc thai trung bnh ngay em. Q
= 100m
3
/ngay em.
o Q
o
: lng cat trong 1000m
3
nc thai, q
o
= 0,15 m
3
cat.(Bang TK-6, trang 195,LMT)
Chon ong khoan lo bo tr mot pha theo chieu dai, r = 110
L/phut.cai (Bang 9-8, trang 419, XLNTT va CN, LMT)
N =
1285
110
khi
Q
r
= 11,682 ( cai)
Chon N = 12 cai
Chieu dai ho thu cat: (tnh c lng cho 1 thang):
L =
30 0, 015 30
0, 4
0, 6 2,1
c
cat
W
l
h B

+ +

0,76(m)
Trong o:
W
c
: lng cat trung bnh sinh ra moi ngay , W
c
= 0,015
(m
3
/ngay em)
h
cat
: chieu cao vung cha cat, h
cat
= 0,6 (m)
B : chieu rong ho thu cat bang chieu rong cua
mang, B = 2,1 (m)
l : chieu dai cua bm chm, chon l = 0,4 (m)
Chieu cao lp cat trong be lang cat ngang trong
1 ngay em:
) ( 001 , 0
1 , 2 425 , 6
1 015 , 0
m
B L
t W
h
c
c

(trang 196, XLNTT va CN,

LMT )
Trong o:
W
c
: lng cat sinh ra trung bnh trong 1 ngay em,
W
c
= 0,015 m
3
/ngay em.
t : chu ky xa cat.
Chieu cao xay dng cua be lang cat ngang :
H
xd
= H + h
cat
+ h
bv
= 2,1 + 0,6 + 0,3 = 3 (m)
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
59
Thc pham Vang
Trong o:
H : chieu cao cong tac cua be lang cat ngang, H
= 2,1 m.
h
cat
: chieu cao lp cat trong be lang cat ngang,
h
c
=0,6 m
h
bv
: chieu cao vung bao ve cua be lang cat
ngang, h
bv
= 0,3 m.
Chon ong thu cat D = 100mm (D>= 100mm, trang 39, sach
Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong trnh x ly nc thai, TXL)
be lang cat thoi kh giam 80%:
SS
ra
= 0,2 x SS
vao
= 0,2 x 172,8 = 34,56 (mg/l)
Ham lng BOD va COD cua nc thai sau khi qua be
lang cat thoi kh giam 10%:
COD
ra
= 0,9 x COD
vao
= 0,9 x 2565= 2308,5 (mg/l)
BOD
ra
= 0,9 x BOD
vao
= 0,9 x 1900 = 1710 (mg/l)
STT Cac thong so
So
lieu
thiet
ke
n
v
1
Thi gian lu nc tnh theo lu
lng gi ln nhat
2 gi
2
T le gia chieu rong va chieu
cao
1:1
3 Chieu rong be (B) 2,1 m
4 Chieu dai be (L) 6,425 m
5 Chieu cao be (H) 2,1 M
6 Chieu cao bao ve be (h
bv
) 0,3 M
7 Chieu cao vung cha cat (h
cat
) 0,6 M
8
Lng khong kh cung cap cho be
(Q
kk
)
1,285
m
3
/ph
ut
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
60
Thc pham Vang
9
Lng cat trung bnh sinh ra moi
ngay (W
c
)
0,015
m
3
/ng
ay
em
10 Chieu cao lp cat trong be (h
c
) 0,001 M
11 Chieu cao xay dng be (H
xd
) 3 M
4.2.3.d TNH TOAN BE IEU HOA :
The tch be ieu hoa :
Chon thi gian lu nc trong be ieu hoa la 8 gi
V
ah
= Q
max
x t = 4,167 x 8 = 33, 34 (m
3
)
Kch thc hu ch cua be ieu hoa :
Chon chieu cao lam viec la H = 3,5m, chieu cao bao
ve la 0,3m.
F =
H
V
=
8 , 3
34 , 33
= 8,774 (m
2
)
9 m
2
Chon chieu rong : B = 2,5m (t le chieu rong/chieu
cao : 1 :1 1 :2, tng t be aeroten)
Chon chieu dai : L = 3,6m
The tch be ieu hoa sau khi a chon lai kch thc :
V
h
= B x L x H = 2,5 x 3,6 x 3,8 = 34,2 (m
3
)
Tnh toan lng khong kh can thiet:
Khuay tron be ieu hoa bang he thong thoi kh.
Toc o nen kh R. Chon R = 11 L/m
3
phut = 0,011 m
3
/m
3
phut. (Bang 9-7, trang 418,LMT)
Q
kh
= RV
h
= 0,011 x 34,2 = 0,3762 (m
3
/phut) = 6,27
(l/s)
Theo Bang 9-8, trang 419,LMT, chon ong khuech tan kh
plastic xop cng bo tr theo chu vi thanh co lu lng kh
70L/phut.
So ong khuech tan kh:
N=
70
2 , 376
r
q
kh
5,4 (cai) (trang 419, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
61
Thc pham Vang
Chon N = 6 cai
Kh c cung cap t may thoi kh, i vao ong dan chnh
at doc theo chieu dai be sau o i vao 3 ong nhanh at
doc theo chieu rong be.
Tnh toan ong dan kh:
Van toc kh i trong ong dan: V
kh
= 5m/s (Theo bang 9-
9,trang 419, Lam Minh Triet.)
- ng knh ong dan kh chnh:
D =
4
kh
kh
q
V
=
14 , 3 5
00627 , 0 4
= 0,04(m). Chon ong 60mm

- ng khnh ong dan kh phu:
D =
4
3
kh
kh
q
V

=
14 , 3 5 3
00627 , 0 4


Tnh toan ton that:
Gia s tram kh nen at o cao mc nc bien
( p
1
= 760 mmHg = 10,33m cot nc). Chieu dai tong cong
cua ong dan kh t may thoi kh en be ieu hoa la
10m va moi ong nhanh co chieu dai 5,5m. Nhiet o vao
mua nong nhat la 36
0
C. Hieu suat may thoi kh = 0,7.
o tang nhiet trong qua trnh nen kh:
1
1
]
1
,
_
1
1
2
n
p
p T
T
(trang 420, XLNTT va CN, LMT )

Trong o T
1
: nhiet o khong kh xung quanh vao mua nong
nhat,
0
K.
: hieu suat may thoi kh, = 0,65 0,8.
p
1
: ap suat tuyet oi au vao, (m cot nc).
p
2
: ap suat tuyet oi ra vao, (m cot nc).
n : (k-1)/k = 0,283 n v khong kh ( trong o k =
1,395).
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
62
Thc pham Vang
( )
1
1
]
1

,
_
+ +
1
33 , 10
5 , 4 33 , 10
7 , 0
273 36
283 , 0
T
= 48(
0
C)
Nhiet o khong kh au ay may thoi kh
la:
t = 36 + 48 = 84
0
C
So Reynold:
d
q
N
S
R
1528
(trang420, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
q
s
: lu lng khong kh trong ong (l/s) di ap suat va
nhiet o ang van hanh.
d : ng knh ong dan kh (mm).
: o nht khong kh, centipoises.
Vi t
0
C la nhiet o trung bnh trong ong dan,
0
C.
Nhiet o khong kh au may thoi kh la 84
0
C, vay
nhiet o trung bnh cua kh trong ong dan co the lay
bang t
0
C = 70
0
C (s chenh lech nhiet o co the lay 10
15
0
C)
= (170 + 0,5 x 70) x 10
-4
= 205 x 10
-4
centipoise
4 -
4
0,87x10 =
60 10 205
7 1528

R
N
Chon ong dan kh bang thep thng mai, ng knh danh
ngha D = 60 mm tng ng vi ng knh trong D = 1,65
inch.
Da vao ng knh trong D = 1,65 inch va bieu o hnh 9-5
(trang 422,LMT) tm c o nham tng oi e/D = 0,0012.
Da vao bieu o hnh 9-6 (trang 423, LMT) t o nham
tng oi va so Reynol tm c he so ma sat f = 0,0295.
Trong thiet ke, e am bao an toan co the them 10%.
Vay he so ma sat f = 0,0325.
Lu lng kh trong ong:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
63
Thc pham Vang
2
2 2
1
1 1
T
V P
T
V P

Trong o co the xem V la lu lng:
( )
( )
( ) 70 273
5 , 5 33 , 10
20 273
7 33 , 10
2
+
+
+
V
V
2
= 5,35 l/s
Toc o thoi kh trong ong:
( )
) / ( 892 , 1
4
10 60
10 35 , 5
2
3
3
2
s m
A
V
V

Vi
4
2
d
A

d : ng knh ong dan kh chnh.

Ap suat au ra:
P = 10,33 + 5,5 = 15,83(m) tng ng 155,2kPa.
(101,3 kPa x 14,83m/10,33m)
Trong lng rieng cua khong kh ap suat
155,2kPa va nhiet o 70
0
C.
RT
P
a
284 , 0 (trang 424, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Trong o: p : ap suat, kPa
R : hang so kh, R = 8,314 kJ/kmol
0
K
T : nhiet o,
0
K
( )
) / ( 0155 , 0
70 273 314 , 8
2 , 155
284 , 0
3
m kN
a

+

Cot ap van toc h
i
:
a i
V h
2
22 , 5 (trang424, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
h
i
: cot ap van toc (mm)
V : toc o nen kh (m/s). Chon V = 5m/s (van toc kh
trong ong). Theo Bang 9-9, trang 419,LMT
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
64
Thc pham Vang
a
: trong lng rieng cua khong kh ieu kien ang
xet.
) ( 023 , 2 0155 , 0 5 22 , 5
2
mm h
i

Ton that ap lc theo chieu dai ong thoi kh chnh:
) ( 96 , 10 023 , 2
10 60
10
0325 , 0
3
mm h
D
L
f h
i L
C

(trang424, XLNTT
va CN, LMT )
Tng t tnh ong nhanh d = 24mm tng ng vi
ng knh trong d = 0,54 inch co chieu dai 5,5m.
Toc o kh nen trong ong:
) / ( 344 , 9
4
) 10 27 (
10 35 , 5
3
3
2
s m
A
V
V

Ton that ap lc theo chieu dai ong thoi kh nhanh:

) ( 4 , 13 023 , 2
10 27
5 , 5
0325 , 0
3
mm h
D
L
f h
i L
C

Tnh ton that ap lc cua may thoi kh:

H
m
= h
L
+ h
cb
+ h
l
+ H
Trong o h
L
va h
cb
la ton that ap lc do ma sat doc
theo chieu dai tren ng ong dan va ton that cuc bo
tai cac au noi, khuc noi uon. Ton that cuc bo va ton
that theo chieu dai khong vt qua 0,4m.(Trang 147,LMT)
Chon h = h
L
+ h
cb
= 0,4(m)
h
l
la ton that qua cac a phan phoi, gia tr nay
khong vt qua 0,5m.
Chon h
l
= 0,4m
H : o ngap sau cua a phoi kh, chon H = 3,3m.
H
m
= 0,4 + 0,4 + 3,3 = 4,1(m)
Ap lc cua may thoi kh tnh theo atmopher
) ( 41 , 0
12 , 10
1 , 4
12 , 10
atm
H
P
m
m

SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
65
Thc pham Vang
Cong suat cua may thoi kh tnh theo qua trnh
thoi oan nhiet:
0,283
1 2
1
1
29, 7
m
G R T P
P
n e P
1
_
1

1
,
]
(cong thc 6-20, trang 108, sach
Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong trnh x ly nc thai, TXL)
Trong o:
P
m
: cong suat yeu cau cua may thoi kh (kW).
G : trong lng cua dong khong kh (kg/s)
G = q
kh
x = 0,011 x 1,3 = 0,0143(kg/s)
: t trong cua khong kh, = 1,3(kg/m
3
)
R : hang so kh, oi vi khong kh R = 8,314 KJ/K.mol
0
K
T
1
: nhiet o tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao
P
1
: ap lc tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao 1 atm
P
2
: ap lc tuyet oi cua khong kh au ra, P
2
= P
1
+ 1
(atm)
283 , 0
1
K
K
n v oi vi khong kh K = 1,395.
29,7 : he so chuyen oi.
e : hieu suat cua may t 0,7 0,8.
( )
) ( 64 , 0 1
1
41 , 1
7 , 0 283 , 0 7 , 29
273 36 314 , 8 0143 , 0
283 , 0
kW P
m

1
1
]
1
,
_
ng knh ong dan nc thai:

Chon van toc nc thai trong ong : v = 0,8 m/s.
Lu lng nc thai Q
max
= 0,0039355 m
3
/s.
) ( 079 , 0
8 , 0 14 , 3
0039355 , 0 4 4
m
v
Q
d
Chon d = 90 mm.
be ieu hoa:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
66
Thc pham Vang
SS
ra
= SS
vao
= 34,56 (mg/l)
Ham lng BOD va COD cua nc thai sau khi qua be
ieu hoa giam 20%.
COD
ra
= 0,8 x COD
vao
= 0,8 x 2308,5 = 1846,8 (mg/l)
BOD
ra
= 0,8 x BOD
vao
= 0,8 x 1710 = 1368 (mg/l)
STT Cac thong so
So lieu
thiet
ke
n v
1 Chieu cao be (H) 3,5 M
2 Chieu cao bao ve (h) 0,3 M
3 Chieu rong (B) 2,5 M
4 Chieu dai (L) 3,6 M
5 Toc o nen kh ( R) 11
l/m
3
phut
6 Lu lng khong kh (Q
kh
) 0.3762 m
3
/phut
7
So lng a khuech tan kh
plastic xop cng (n)
6 Cai
8 ng knh ong kh chnh (D) 60 Mm
9 ng knh ong kh nhanh (D) 27 Mm
10
Ton that ap lc cua may
thoi kh (H
m
)
4,1 M
11 Cong suat may nen kh (P
m
) 0,64 kW
12
ng knh ong dan nc
thai (d)
90 Mm
4.2.3.e TNH THIET B TUYEN NOI KH HOA
TAN:
Ket qua thc nghiem cho mo hnh tuyen noi
khong tuan hoan: (Trang 451, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
t so kh/ chat ran A/S = 0,03 mg kh/mg chat ran
at hieu qua toi u.
Nhiet o trung bnh 27
0
C.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
67
Thc pham Vang
Trong lng khong kh hoa tan bao hoa vao nc s
a
=16,4 mg/l.
T so bao hoa f = 0,5
tai trong be mat be tuyen noi 48m
3
/m
2
.ngay at
hieu qua kh can l lng 90%, kh dau m at
85%.
Ham lng COD qua be tuyen noi giam 50% va BOD
5
giam 36%.
Ap suat yeu cau cho cot ap lc c tnh
theo cong thc:
( ) 1, 3 1
1, 3 16, 4 (0, 5 1)
0, 03
172, 8
2, 4863
a
a
s fP
A
S S
P
P atm

(trang 451, XLNTT
va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
A/S: t dso kh/chat ran (mgkh/mg chat ran)
f: phan kh hoa tan ap suat P, thong thng f=0,5
p: ap suat (atm), c xac nh bi
101, 35
101, 35
p +

(he SI)
P: ap suat (kPa)
S
a
: ham lng can l lng sau khi qua song chan rac
(mg/l),S
a
= 172,8 mg/l
s
a
: o hoa tan cua kh (mg/l)
(2, 4863 101, 35) 101, 35 150, 64 p k a
150, 64
15, 3554
9, 81

m cot nc
Tnh toan kch thc be tuyen noi:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
68
Thc pham Vang
Chon be tuyen noi hnh tru tron.
Chieu sau phan lang bun: h
b
= 0,7m (Trang 452,LMT)
Chieu cao bao ve: h
bv
= 0,3m ( 10% chieu cao tong
cong cua be do xet en kha nang nc len do nhu
tng TCXD-51-84)
Dien tch be mat be tuyen noi:
2
100
2,1
48
A
Q
A m
L

(trang452, XLNTT va CN, LMT
)
Thi gian lu nc trong be tuyen noi: t = 2060 phut
(Bang 10-8, trang 450, LMT). Chon t = 50 phut)
ng knh be tuyen noi:
4 2,1 4
1, 635 ( )
3,14
A
D m

Chon D = 1,6m
The tch s bo cua be:
V
sb
= Q x t =
100 50
24 60
= 3,472 (m
3
)
Chieu sau cua be phan tuyen noi (s bo):
H
n
=
3, 472
2,1
sb
V
A

=1,653 (m)
(H > 1,5m thoa yeu cau thiet ke theo TCXD-51-84)
Chieu sau tong cong be tuyen noi:
H = h
n
+ h
b
+ h
bv
= 1,653 + 0,7 + 0,3 = 2,653 (m)
Chon:
H = 3m (h
bv
= 0,3m 10% chieu cao tong cong cua
be do xet en kha nang nc len do nhu tng
TCXD-51-84)
H
n
= 1,9m
h
b
= 0,8m
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
69
Thc pham Vang
The tch vung tuyen noi:
W = A x H
n
= 2,1 x 1,9 = 3,99 m
3
Thi gian lu nc cua vung tuyen noi:
3, 99
0, 96
4,167
h
W
t
Q

gi
57 phut ( thoa ieu kien 20< t <

60, Bang 10-8, trang 450,LMT)
Tai trong be mat a:
Theo tieu chuan thiet ke be tuyen noi a = 20-325
m
3
/m
2
.ngay (Bang 10-8, trang 450, LMT)
Tnh toan bnh ap lc:
The tch cot ap lc:
W=
tb
h
Q t

= 4,167 x 2/60 = 0,1389 m
3
Chon t: thi gian lu nc t = 2 phut (bang 10-8, trang
450, sach x ly nc thai o th va cong nghiep
cua Lam Minh Triet)
Chon chieu cao cot ap lc H = 1,5m (H =1,52m). vay
ng knh cot ap lc:
4 0,1389 4
0, 343
1, 5
V
D m
H

Chon D = 0,5m
The tch thc bnh ap lc:
V
P
=
2 2
3,14 (0, 5)
1, 5
4 4
D
H

= 0,2945 (m
3
)
Lu lng kh cap
A =
S
A
x S
Trong o: A/S : t so kh/chat ran, A/S = 0,03 mgkh/mgchat
ran
S : lng can tach ra trong mot n v thi gian
[mg/l]
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
70
Thc pham Vang
S = ( SS SSra )x Q
= ( SS x 90% ) x Q
= 180 x 90% x 100
= 16,2 kg/ngay = 11,25 g/phut
(Be tuyen noi x ly SS at hieu qua 90%)
A = 0,03 x 11,25 = 0,3375 L/phut
Kiem tra bot kh
R
min
=
2
P p
Vi
- lc cang be mat cua nc; nhiet o 27

o
C,
=
0,07168N/m
P Ap suat nen trong bnh ap lc, P = 2,4863 atm
p Ap suat trong be tuyen noi, p = 1 atm
P - p = 2,4863 1 = 1,4863 atm = 49,29 kPa
Rmin =
2 0, 07168
49, 29
= 2,91 x 10
-3
m
Chon Rmin = 3mm
( thoa ieu kien bot kh i ra khoi thiet b co ng knh
khoang 1 6mm, muc VII.2.1.a, trang 110, TXL)
Ap suat tnh toan than bnh ap lc:
Chon Vat lieu la thep CT3 co [
] = [
u
] = 140N/mm
2
Than hnh tru han co He so ben moi han la
h
=
0,95
Ap suat trong bnh ap lc: p = 150,64 kPa
Ap suat thuy tnh: p
nc
=
x g x H
p
= 1000 x 9,81
x 0,7 = 6,867 (kPa)
Ap suat tnh toan phan di than bnh ap lc la:
p

= p + p
nc
= 150,64 + 6,867 = 157,507 (kPa) = 0,15751
N/mm2
Be day than bnh ap lc:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
71
Thc pham Vang
Xet
h
P

] [
=
140
0, 95
0,15751
= 844,4 >25
Be day s bo cua than bnh
S =
2 [ ]
h
D p

=
0, 5 0,15751
2 140 0, 95

= 2,961 x 10
-4
mm = 0,3mm
He so bo sung:
C = C
a
+ C
b
+ + C
c
+ C
o
Trong o:
C
a
: he so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc cua moi
trng, C
a
= 1mm (nc khong cha hoa chat
an mon, ch cha cac thanh phan hu c, vat
lieu che tao la thep CT3 b an mon vi toc o
khoang 0.05mm/nam)
C
b
: he so bo sung do an mon c hoc cua moi
trng, C
b
= 0 do van toc chuyen ong cua
chat long trong thiet b nho hn 20m/s
C
c
: he so bo sung do sai lech khi che tao, lap
rap, C
c
= 0 do bnh la thiet b han bang thep
C
o
: he so bo sung e quy tron kch thc , C
o
=
1,16
C = 1 + 1,16 = 2,16
Be day cua than bnh ap lc:
S = S + C = 0,3 + 2,16 = 2,46
Chon S = 3 mm
Kiem tra:
3 1
500
a
S C
Dt

= 4 x 10
-3
< 0,1
[p] =
) (
) .( ]. [ 2
a
a h
C S Dt
C S
+

=
2 140 0, 95 (3 1)
500 (3 1)

+
= 1,06 kN ( > p =
0,15751)
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
72
Thc pham Vang
thoa
Vay chon S = 3mm
Tnh be day cua ay va nap bnh ap lc:
Chon ay va nap hnh ellipe
Xet
[ ] 140 0, 95
0,15751
h
p
=844,4>25
Be day s bo cua ay va nap bnh ap lc:
S =
2 [ ]
t
h
p R

=
0,15751 500
2 140 0, 95

= 0,3 mm (ay Ellipe tieu
chuan: R
t
= D
t
)
Be day thc cua ay va nap:
S = S + C = S + C
a
+ C
o
= 0,3 + 1 + 1,16

= 2,46mm
Chon S = 3mm
Kiem tra:
3
3 1
4 10
500
a
t
S C
D

< 0,125
Ap suat d cho phep tnh toan la
[p] =
2[ ] ( )
( )
h a
t a
S C
R S C

+
=
2 140 0, 95 (3 1)
500 (3 1)

+
=1,06 kN (> p =
0,15751)
Vay chon be day cua ay va nap bnh ap lc la
3mm
Ham lng COD, BOD
5
, SS, dau m sau be tuyen noi
( khong tnh hieu qua x ly khi qua song chan rac, be
lang cat thoi kh, be ieu hoa)
COD = 2700 x 0,5 = 1350 mgCOD/l
BOD
5
= 2000 x 0,64 = 1280 mg/l
SS = 180 x 0,1 = 18 mg/l
Dau m = 150x 0,15 = 22,5 mg/l
Lng chat l lng va dau m thu c moi ngay:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
73
Thc pham Vang
M
v(ss)
= (180 x 0,9 + 150 x 0,85) x 100 x1/1000 = 28,95
(kgSS/ngay)
Gia s bun ti ( hon hp vang noi va can lang) co
ham lng chat ran la TS
v
= 3,4%, VS
v
= 65% ( trang
453,LMT).
T trong can S
v
= 1,02 kg/l ( Bang 13-1, trang 200, TXL)
Lng VS cua bun ti can x ly moi ngay:
M
v(vs)
= M
v(ss)
x 0,65 = 28,95 x 0,65 = 18,8175 (kgVS/ngay)
Dung tch bun ti can x ly moi ngay:
Q
v
=
28, 95 1
3, 4% 1, 02 0, 034 1, 02 1000
ss
M

= 0,835 m
3
/ngay
STT Cac thong so
So lieu
thiet ke
n v
1
Chieu cao be tuyen noi (H)
3
M
2
Chieu cao phan lang bun (h
b
) 0,8 M
3
Chieu cao bao ve (h
bv
) 0,3 M
4
ung knh be tuyen noi (D) 1,6 M
5
Ap suat yeu cau cho cot ap
lc (P)
2,4863 Atm
6
The tch bnh ap lc (W) 0,1389 m
3
7
Chieu cao bnh ap lc (H) 1,5 M
8
ung knh bnh ap lc (D) 0,5 M
9
Lu lung kh cap (A) 0,3375 L/phut
10
Be day than ay va nap
bnh ap lc (S)
3 Mm
4.2.3.f TNH TOAN BE UASB:
Ham lng chat l lng sau khi qua be tuyen noi giam
them 48%:
SS
con lai
= 34,56 x 52% = 17,9712 (mg/l) 18 mg/l
Ham lng BOD
5
sau khi qua be tuyen noi giam 32%:
BOD
5 con lai
= 1368 x 68% = 930,24 (mg/l)
Ham lng COD sau khi qua be tuyen noi giam 40%:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
74
Thc pham Vang
COD
con lai
= 1846,8 x 60% = 1108,08 (mg/l)
Thc nghiem tren mo hnh Pilot : (trang 455, XLNTT va
CN, LMT )
Bun nuoi cay ban au lay t bun cua
be phan huy k kh t qua trnh x ly nc thai sinh
hoat cho vao be vi ham lng 30kgSS/m
3
.
T le MLVS/MLSS cua bun trong be UASB =
0,75
MLSS: ham long bun hoat tnh toi a trong be
MLVS: ham lng bun hoat tnh trong be
Tai trong be mat phan lang L
A
= 12
m
3
/m
2
.ngay.
tai trong the tch L
o
= 3 kgCOD/m
3
.ngay,
hieu qua kh COD at 65% va BOD
5
at 75%.
Lng bun k kh cho vao ban au co:
Ham lng chat ran trong bun nuoi
cay la: TS = 5%
He so san lng te bao: Y = 0,04
gVSS/gCOD
He so phan huy noi bao: Kd = 0,025
l/ngay
Thi gian lu bun :
c
= 60 ngay
Dien tch be mat phan lang:
2
100
8, 33
12
A
Q
A m
L

The tch ngan phan ng be UASB:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
75
Thc pham Vang
3
100 1108, 08 1
36, 936
3 1000
o
r
COD
Q C
V m
L

(trang457, XLNTT
va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
Q: lu lng nc thai m
3
/ngay
C
o
: ham lng COD sau khi qua be tuyen noi (g/m
3
).
L
COD
= L
o
= 3kgCOD/m
3
.ngay : tai trong COD/ngay.
Chieu cao cua be phan x ly:
H
xly
=
36, 936
4, 434
8, 33
r
V
A

(m)
Chon H
x ly
= 4,5m
V
r
= H x B x L = 36,936 (m
3
)
A = B x L = 8,33 (m
2
)
Chon be hnh vuong B = L = 2,9 (m)
Chieu cao be UASB:
H = H
x l
+ H
2
+ H
3
= 4,5 + 1,1 + 0,3 = 5,9 (m)
Trong o:
H
x l
= 4,5 (m)
H
2
: chieu cao vung lang va vung thu kh,
chon H
2
= 1,1 m
H
3
: chieu cao vung d tr (bao ve), chon H
3
= 0,3 m
Thi gian lu nc trong be:
T =
8, 33 5, 9
0, 49
100
xd
A H
Q

(ngay) = 12 gi
Tnh he thong nc phan phoi vao be UASB:
Dung 2 ong nhanh phan phoi eu nc thai vao
be.
Chon van toc dong chay trong ong la 0,5m/s
ng knh ong chnh:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
76
Thc pham Vang
1
4 4 100
0, 0543( )
3,14 0, 5 24 3600
Q
D m

Chon D = 60 mm
ng knh ong nhanh: Lu lng luc nay phan
eu cho 2 nhanh:
1
4 4 100
0, 0384( )
3,14 0, 5 2 24 3600
Q
D m

Chon D = 42 mm
Ham lng BOD
5
cua nc thai sau khi x l k kh:
BOD
r
= (1 - 0,75) x BOD
vao
= (1 - 0,75) x 930,24
= 232,56 (mg/l)
Ham lng COD cua nc thai sau khi x l k kh:
COD
r
= (1 - 0,65) x COD
vao
= (1 - 0,65) x 1107,9
= 387,765 (mg/l)
Lng bun nuoi cay ban au cho vao be (TS = 5%)
30 36, 936 1
2, 21616
0, 05 1000
SS r
b
C V
M
TS

(tan)
Trong o:
C
SS
: ham lng bun trong be (kg/m
3
)
V
r
: the tch ngan phan ng
TS: ham lng chat ran trong bun nuoi cay ban au
(%)
Lng sinh khoi hnh thanh moi ngay:
P
x
=
( )
0
1
d c
Y S S Q
K
1
]
+
Trong o: S
0
= S
v
=1108,08
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
77
Thc pham Vang
S = S
r
= 387,765
P
x
=
( )
( )
3
0, 04 1108, 08 387, 765 100
1,152504
10 1 0, 025 60
1
]
+
(kg VS/ngay)
The tch kh CH
4
sinh ra moi ngay:
V
CH4
= 350,84 [(S
v
- S
r
) Q - 1,42 x P
x
] (trang 459, XLNTT va
CN, LMT )
350,84: he so chuyen oi l thuyet lng kh me tan
san sinh t 1 kg BOD chuyen hoan toan thanh kh me
tan va CO
2
.(lt CH
4
/kg BOD)
V
CH4
: the tch kh metan sinh ra ieu kien chuan
( nhiet o 0
o
C va ap suat 1 atm)
P
x
: sinh khoi te bao sinh ra moi ngay (kgVS/ngay)
V
CH4
= 350,84 [(1108,08 387,765) x 100 x 10
-3
- (1,42 x
1,152504)]
= 25269,9 (kg/ngay) = 25,3 (m
3
/ngay)
Lng bun d sinh ra moi ngay:
Q
b
=
1,152504
0, 0512
0, 75 0, 75 30
x
ss
P
C

(m
3
/ngay) (trang 459, XLNTT
va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
C
SS
: ham lng bun trong be (kg/m
3
)
Lng chat ran t bun d:
M
ss
= Q
b
x C
SS
=0,0512 x 30 = 1,54 (kg SS/ngay)
Mang thu nc:
Nc sach c a len ra 1 mang tran rang ca va
dan qua be AEROTEN. Mang c cau tao bang thep
khong g, be day khoang 3 mm, co tiet dien hnh
ch nhat ( kch thc 150mm x 250mm), o doc cua
mang chon 0,01.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
78
Thc pham Vang
Trc khi vao mang thu nc, nc chay qua mang
rang ca co tac dung phan phoi eu dong chay va
ngan cac tap chat noi. Mang rang ca co cau tao
bang thep day (2mm 3mm), at cao hn mang thu
nc khoang 30mm.
Chieu dai mang thu nc bang be rong cua be:
B = 2,9 m = L
m
Tai trong thu nc : q =
2
m
Q
L n

3
1,1574 10
2 2, 9 1

= 0,2 x10
-3
(m
3
/s)
Trong o:
Q: lu lng nc (m
3
/s)
n: so mang thu nc n = 1
L
m
: chieu dai mang (m)
Cac tam chan dong: chon 1 tam chan dong
Tam chan dong co tac dung:
- Tao vung lang bun
- Tam chan dong phai c lam bang thep khong
r v lam viec trong moi trng nc thai an mon.
Ngoai ra, qua trnh phan huy yem kh con co kha
nang sinh ra cac kh co tnh an mon manh. Do o, ta
chon be day thep la 3mm, khoang cach 2 tam thep
song song la 150 mm, chieu dai la 1,2 m.
Mo chan tam giac :
Co chc nang nh tam chan dong (khong cho bot kh
thoat len vung lang, tao khe h cho bun tr lai vung
lam viec k kh) va c lam bang thep khong g.
Chon khe h ca tuan hoan lai can lang: 0,15m
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
79
Thc pham Vang
ST
T Cac thong so
So lieu
thiet ke n v
1
Chieu cao phan phan ng (H
x
ly
) 4,5 M
2 Chieu rong be (B) 2,9 M
3 Chieu dai be (L) 2,9 M
4
Chieu cao vung lang va vung
thu kh (H
2
) 1,1 M
5 Chieu cao vung d tr (H
3
) 0,3 M
6 Chieu cao tong cong be (H) 5,9 M
7 Thi gian lu nc trong be (T) 12 H
8 ng knh ong chnh (D) 60 Mm
9 ng knh ong nhanh (D
n
) 42 Mm
10
Lng bun nuoi cay ban au
(M
b
) 2,21616 Tan
11
Lng sinh khoi hnh thanh moi
ngay (P
x
) 1,152504
kgVS/ng
ay
12
The tch kh metan sinh ra moi
ngay (H
CH4
) 25,3
m
3
/nga
y
13
Lng bun sinh ra moii ngay
(Q
w
) 0,0512
m
3
/nga
y
14 Be day mang rang ca 3 Mm
15
Kich thc mang rang ca hnh
ch nhat 150 x 250 Mm
16 o doc cua mang thu nc 0,01
17
Mang rang ca at cao hn
mang thu nc 30 Mm
18 Chieu dai mang thu nc (L
m
) 1,7 M
19 Be day tam chan dong 3 Mm
20
Khoang cach 2 tam thep song
song 150 Mm
21 Chieu dai tam chan dong 1,2 M
22
Khe h ca tuan hoan lai
can lang 0,15 M
4.2.3.g TNH TOAN BE AEROTEN:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
80
Thc pham Vang
Lu lng trung bnh cua nc thai: Q = 100m
3
/ngay
em.
Ham lng BOD
5
trong nc thai vao aeroten : L
a
=
232,56 mg/l.
Ham lng SS trong nc thai vao aeroten : C = 18 mg/l.
Ham lng BOD
5
trong nc can at sau x ly : L
t
= 50
mg/l.
Chat l lng trong nc thai au ra la chat ran sinh hoc
(bun hoat tnh), trong o co 80% la chat de bay hi va
60% la chat co the phan huy sinh hoc.
Chon aeroten kieu xao tron hoan toan (complete
mix), theo trang 143,LMT
Thi gian lu bun :
C
= 20 ngay.
Nong o MLSS : 2500 4000 mg/l.
T so the tch be/ lu lng gi : W/Q = 3 5h.
T so tuan hoan bun hoat tnh : Q
th
/Q = 0,25 1,0
The tch be aeroten:
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
20 100 0, 5 232, 56 50
28, 525( )
1 3200 1 0, 05 20
C a t
d C
Q Y L L
W m
X K

+ +
(trang
Trong o: ( theo trang 385,LMT)

C
: thi gian lu bun,
C
= 20 ngay.
Q : lu lng trung bnh ngay, Q = 100 m
3
/ ngay em.
Y : he so san lng bun, Y = 0,5 mgVSS/mgBOD
5
.
L
a
: BOD
5
cua nc thai dan vao be aeroten, L
a
=
232,56 mg/l.
L
t
: BOD
5
cua nc thai dan ra be aeroten, L
t
= 50 mg/l.
X : nong o chat l lng de bay hi (VSS) trong hon
hp bun hoat tnh, X = 3200 mg/l.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
81
Thc pham Vang
K
d
: he so phan huy noi bao, K
d
= 0,05/ngay.
He so san lng quan sat:
0, 5
0, 25
1 1 0, 05 20
obs
d C
Y
Y
K

+ +
LMT )
Lng sinh khoi gia tang moi ngay tnh theo MLSS :
( ) ( )
3 3
0, 25 100 232, 56 50
4, 564( / )
10 10
obs a t
e
Y Q L L
P kg ngay

(trang
Lng sinh khoi tong cong tnh theo MLSS:
4, 564
( ) 5, 705( / )
0, 8 0, 8
x
x
P
P ss kg ngay
LMT )
Lng bun thai bo moi ngay bang lng tang sinh
khoi tong cong tnh theo MLSS, ham lng chat l lng con
lai trong dong ra:
5,705 (100 x 18 x 10
3
) = 3,905 (kg/ngay)
Bun d c xa bo (dan en be nen bun) t
ng ong dan bun tuan hoan, Q
ra
= Q va ham lng
chat ran l lng de bay hi (VSS) trong bun au ra chiem
80% ham lng chat ran l lng (SS) (Muc 6, trang 145,LMT)
Khi o lu lng bun d thai bo:
28, 525 3200 (20 100 14, 4)
0, 97625
20 3200
C ra ra
b
C
WX Q X
Q
X
(m
3
/ng)
Trong o :
W : the tch aeroten. W = 28,525 m
3
X : nong o VSS trong hon hp bun hoat tnh. X = 3200
mg/l.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
82
Thc pham Vang
X
ra
: nong o VSS trong SS ra khoi be UASB. X
ra
= 0,8 x
18mg/l = 14,4 mg/l.
Q
b
: lu lng bun thai (m
3
).
Q
ra
: nc thai ra khoi be UASB. Q
ra
= Q = 100m
3
/ng
Can bang vat chat cho be aeroten:
QX
0
+ Q
th
X
th
= (Q + Q
th
)X
Trong o:
Q : lu lng nc thai.
Q
th
: lu lng bun hoat tnh tuan hoan.
X
o
: nong o VSS trong nc thai vao aeroten, mg/l.
X : nong o VSS be aeroten, X = 3200 mg/l.
X
th
: nong o VSS trong bun tuan hoan, X
th
= 10000
mg/l.
Gia tr X
o
thng rat nho so vi X va X
th
, do o co the
bo qua ai lng Q.X
o
.
Phng trnh can bang vat chat:
Q
th
X
th
= (Q + Q
th
)X
Chia 2 ve cho Q va at t so Q
th
/Q = ( c goi la t so
tuan hoan):
X
th
= X + X
3200
0, 67
10000 3200
th
X
X X

Thi gian lu nc trong be :
28, 525
0, 28525
100
W
Q

(ngay) 7 gi
Lng bun tuan hoan :
Q
r
= 0,67 x 100 = 67(m
3
/ngay)
Luc khi ong :
3
1,5 100
Qr = 1,5Q = 6, 25( / )
24
m h
Lng oxi yeu cau, kg oxi/ ngay:

SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
83
Thc pham Vang
( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
10 100 232, 56 50 10
1, 42 1, 42 4, 564 20, 37( / )
0, 68 0, 68
a t
Q L L
G Pe kg h

Chon hieu qua van chuyen oxi cua thiet b thoi kh
la 8%, he so an toan khi dung trong thiet ke thc te la 2.
(trang 107,Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong trnh x ly nc
thai, TXL)
Lng khong kh yeu cau theo l thuyet ( gia s
khong kh cha 23,2% theo trong lng va trong lng rieng
cua khong kh 20
0
C la 0,0118 kN/m
3
= 1,18 kg/m
3
.(trang
3
20, 37
74, 41( / )
1,18 0, 232
m ngay
Lng khong kh yeu cau vi hieu qua van chuyen 8%:

3 3
74, 41
930,125( / ) 0, 646( / )
0, 08
m ngay m phut

Lng khong kh thiet ke e chon may thoi kh:
0,646 x 2 = 1,292 (m
3
/phut) = 0,02153 (m
3
/s)
Kh c phan phoi vao be bang cac ong at doc
theo cac hanh lang, van toc kh ra khoi lo 5 10m/s. (trang
Ap lc can thiet cho he thong kh thoi :
H
ct
= h
d
+h
c
+ h
f
+ H
Trong o :
h
d
: ton that ap lc do ma sat doc theo chieu dai ong
dan (m).
h
c
: ton that cuc bo (m).
h
f
: ton that qua thiet b phan phoi (m).
H : chieu sau hu ch cua be.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
84
Thc pham Vang
Tong ton that h
d
va h
c
thng khong vt qua 0,4m,
ton that h
f
khong qua 0,5m.(trang 147, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
H
ct
= 0,4 + 0,5 + 4 = 4,9 (m)
Ap lc khong kh:
10, 33 10, 33 4, 9
1, 474( )
10, 33 10, 33
ct
H
P at
+ +

LMT )
Cong suat may thoi kh:
0,29 0,29
34400 ( 1) 34400(1, 474 1) 0, 02153
1, 081 ( )
102 102 0, 8
P q
N kW

(trang
Trong o:
q: lu lng khong kh, q = 0,02153 m
3
/s
: hieu suat may nen kh, = 0,7 0,9, chon = 0,8.
Chon 2 may nen kh dung cho be aeroten va be ieu hoa.
Kiem tra F/M va tai trong the tch:
T so F/M:
232, 56
0, 36
0, 2 3200
a
L F
M X

/ngay (trang 148, XLNTT va
CN, LMT )
Tai trong the tch:
3 3
232, 56 100
10 10 0, 8153
28, 525
a
L Q
W

(kgBOD
5
/m
3
ngay)
Ca hai gia tr nay eu nam trong gii han cho phep oi
vi aeroten xao tron hoan toan : F/M = 0,2 0,6 kg/kg.ngay
va tai trong the tch trong khoang 0,8 1,92
kgBOD
5
/m
3
.ngay (Bang 6-1,trang 91, Tnh toan thiet ke cac
cong trnh x ly nc thai, TXL)
Dien tch aeroten tren mat bang:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
85
Thc pham Vang
2
28, 525
7,13125( )
4
V
F m
H

Trong o: H: chieu cao cong tac cua aeroten, H = 4m
Chieu dai be aeroten:
7,13125
1, 783( )
4
F
L m
B

Vi B = 4m (t le chieu rong/ chieu cao : 1:1) (tnh toan
Aeroten theo cach th hai, trang 142, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Chon L = 1,8m.
Chieu cao xay dng be:
H
xd
= 4 + 0,4 = 4,4m
Chon loai thiet b khuech tan kh vi tam xop cng co
kch thc moi tam 300 x 300mm.
So lng tam xop khuech tan khong kh:
N
x
=
'
1000 28, 525 1000
60 80 60
V
D

= 5,943 (cai)
Chon N
x
= 6 cai
Trong o:
D: lu lng rieng cua khong kh, khi chon tam xop D
= 80 120 L/phut. Chon D = 80 L/phut (Trang 140, XLNTT va
CN, LMT )
Chon cach bo tr ong:
Kh c cung cap t may thoi kh, i vao ong dan chnh
at doc theo chieu rong be sau o i vao 3 ong nhanh
at doc theo chieu dai be.
kh
= 5m/s (theo bang 9-9,
trang 419, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
ng knh ong dan kh chnh:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
86
Thc pham Vang
D =
4
kh
kh
q
V
=
4 0, 02153
5 3,14
= 0,074 (m). Chon ong 90mm

ng knh ong dan kh phu:
D =
4
3
kh
kh
q
V

=
4 0, 02153
3 5 3,14

H
m
= h
L
+ h
cb
+ h
l
+ H = 0,4 + 0,4 + 3,3 = 4,1(m)
Trong o:
h
L
va h
cb
la ton that ap lc do ma sat doc theo
chieu dai tren ng ong dan va ton that cuc
bo tai cac au noi, khuc noi uon. Ton that
cuc bo va ton that theo chieu dai khong vt
qua 0,4m. (Trang 147, XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Chon h = h
L
+ h
cb
= 0,4(m)
h
l
la ton that qua cac a phan phoi, gia tr
nay khong vt qua 0,5m.
Chon h
l
= 0,4m
H : o ngap sau cua a phoi kh, chon H = 3,3m.
) ( 41 , 0
12 , 10
1 , 4
12 , 10
atm
H
P
m
m

Cong suat cua may thoi kh tnh theo qua trnh
thoi oan nhiet:
0,283
1 2
1
1
29, 7
m
G R T P
P
n e P
1
_
1

1
,
]
( )
0,283
0, 028 8, 314 36 273
1, 41
1 1, 25 ( )
29, 7 0, 283 0, 7 1
kW
1
+
_

1

,
1
]
(cong thc 6-
20, trang 108, sach Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong trnh
x ly nc thai, TXL)
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
87
Thc pham Vang
Trong o:
P
m
G = q
kh
x = 0,02153 x 1,3 = 0,028(kg/s)
3
)
R : hang so kh, oi vi khong kh R = 8,314
KJ/K.mol
0
K
T
1
: nhiet o tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao
P
1
: ap lc tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao 1
atm
P
2
2
= P
1
+ 1 (atm)
283 , 0
1
K
K
n
v oi vi khong kh K = 1,395.
e : hieu suat cua may t 0,7 0,8.
Lu lng nc thai Q
max
= 0,0039355 m
3
/s.
) ( 079 , 0
8 , 0 14 , 3
0039355 , 0 4 4
m
v
Q
d
Chon d = 90 mm.
STT Cac thong so
So
lieu
thiet
ke
n v
1 Chieu cao cong tac (H) 4 m
3 Chieu rong be (B) 4 m
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
88
Thc pham Vang
4 Chieu cao bao ve (h
bv
) 0,4 m
5
Lung sinh khoi gia tang moi
ngay (P
e
)
4,564 kg/ngay
6 Lung sinh khoi tong P
x
(SS) 5,705 kg/ngay
7
Ham lung chat l lng con lai
trong dong ra
3,905 kg/ngay
8 Lu lung bun d thai bo (Q
b
) 0,97625
m
3
/ngay
em
9 Thi gian lu nuc trong be () 7 gi
10 Lung bun tuan hoan (Q
r
) 67 m
3
/ngay
11 Lng oxi yeu cau (G) 20,37 kg/ngay
12 Cong suat may thoi kh (N) 1,081 kW
13 Tai trong the tch 0,8153
kg
BOD
5
/m
3
ng
ay
14
So lung tam xop khuech tan
khong kh 300mm x300mm
6 cai
15 ung knh ong dan kh chnh (D) 90 mm
16 ung knh ong dan kh phu (D') 45 mm
17
Ton that ap lc cua may thoi
kh (H)
4,1 m
18
Cong suat may thoi kh tnh
theo qua trnh thoi oan nhiet
(Pm)
1,25 kW
19
ung knh ong dan nuc thai
(d)
90 mm
4.2.3.h TNH TOAN BE LANG T II:
Chon be lang t II la be lang ng:
Hon hp nc va bun hoat tnh t be aeroten c dan
vao be lang t 2.
Nhiem vu cua be lang t 2 la lang bun hoat tnh c
hnh thanh trong qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh.
Dien tch tiet dien t cua ong trung tam :
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
89
Thc pham Vang
3
2 max.
1,1574 10
0, 04( )
0, 03
s
tt
Q
f m
V

(trang 249, XLNTT va
CN, LMT )
Trong o:
Q
max.s
: lu lng ln nhat, Q
max.s
= 1,1574.10
-3
m
3
/s.
V
tt
: toc o chuyen ong cua nc trong ong
trung tam, lay ln hn 30mm/s. (ieu 6.5.9a - TCXD
51 84.)
Dien tch tiet dien t cua be lang ng trong mat
bang:
3
2 max.
1,1574 10
2, 3148( )
0, 0005
s
Q
F m
V

Trong o:
V : van toc chuyen ong cua nc thai trong be
lang ng, V = 0,5 0,8mm/s (ieu 6.5.4 TCXD 51 84)
Chon V = 0,5 mm/s hay 0,0005 m/s.
Dien tch cua be :
F
1
= f + F = 0,04 + 2,3148 = 2,3548 (m
2
)
ng knh be:
1
4 4 2, 3548
1, 73( )
F
D m

Chon D = 1,8m
ng knh ong trung tam:
4 4 0, 04
0, 23( )
f
d m

Chon d = 0,3m.
Chieu cao tnh toan cua vung lang trong be
lang ng:
H
tt
= V x t = 0,0005 x 1,5 x 3600 = 2,7(m)
Trong o:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
90
Thc pham Vang
t : thi gian lang, t = 1,5h (ieu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84)
Chieu cao phan hnh non cua be lang ng:
0
2 3
1, 8 0, 6
50 1, 04( )
2 2
n
n
D d
h h h tg tg m
_ _
+

, ,
(trang 251,
XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
h
2
: chieu cao lp trung hoa (m)
h
3
: chieu cao gia nh cua lp can lang trong be (m)
D : ng knh trong cua be lang, D = 1,8m.
d
n
: ng knh ay nho cua hnh chop cut, lay d
n
=
0,6m. (Trang 251,LMT)
: goc nghieng cua ay be lang so vi phng
ngang, lay khong nho hn 50
0
(ieu 6.5.9 TCXD 51
84). Chon = 50
0
.
Theo trang 251-252, XLNTT va CN, LMT ta chon:
Chieu cao ong trung tam bang chieu cao vung lang =
2,7m.
ng knh mieng loe cua ong trung tam bang chieu
cao phan ong loe bang 1,35 ng knh ong trung tam.
d
= h
= 1,35 x d = 1,35 x 0,3 = 0,405 (m)

ng knh tam hat = 1,3 lan ng knh mieng loe:
1,3 x 0,405 = 0,5265 (m)
Goc nghieng gia be mat tam hat so vi mat
phang ngang lay bang 17
0
.
Khoang cach gia mep ngoai cung cua mieng loe
en mep ngoai cung cua be mat tam hat theo
mat phang qua truc:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
91
Thc pham Vang
( ) ( )
3
max.
4 4 1,1574 10
0, 031( )
0, 02 3,14 1,8 0, 6
s
k n
Q
L m
V D d

+ +
(trang 252,
XLNTT va CN, LMT )
Trong o:
V
k
: toc o nc chay qua khe h gia
mieng loe ong trung tam va be mat tam
hat, V
k
20 mm/s. Chon V
k
= 20 mm/s = 0,02
m/s. (Trang 252, LMT)
Chieu cao tong cong cua be lang ng:
H = h
tt
+ h
n
+ h
o
= h
tt
+(h
2
+ h
3
) + h
o
= 2,7 +1,4 + 0,3 = 4,04
(m)
Trong o:
h
o
la khoang cach t mc nc en thanh
be, h
o
= 0,3m.
The tch ngan cha bun cua be lang t II:
W
b
=
( ) 100 (50 12) 4,167 100 1, 5
(100 ) 1000 1000 (100 99, 4) 1000 1000 1
h
b tr tb
C C Q t
P n

= 0,04 (m
3
) (trang
Trong o:
C
b
: ham lng bun hoat tnh ra khoi be
aeroten, C
b
= 50 mg/l = 50 g/m
3
C
tr
: ham lng chat l lng troi theo nc ra
khoi be lang t II, C
tr
= 12 mg/l (ieu 6.5.7 TCXD-51-
84)
t : thi gian tch luy bun hoat tnh trong be, t
= 1,5h (ieu 6.5.6 TCXD-51-84)
P : o am bun hoat tnh , P =99,4% (Trang
150,LMT)
n : so be lang cong tac, n = 1
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
92
Thc pham Vang
h
tb
Q
: lu lng nc thai trung bnh gi,
h
tb
Q
=
4,167 m
3
/h
Viec xa bun hoat tnh khoi be lang t II c thc hien
bang ap lc thuy tnh 0,9 1,2m va ng knh ong dan
bun = 200mm (ieu 6.5.8 TCXD-51-84)
Lu lng nc thai Q
max
= 0,0039355 m
3
/s.
4 4 0, 0039355
0, 079( )
3,14 0,8
thai
Q
d m
v

Chon d
thai
= 90 mm.
STT Cac thong so
So
lieu
thiet
ke
n v
1 ung knh be (D) 1,8 m
2 ung knh ong trung tam (d) 0,3 m
3 Chieu cao vung lang (H
tt
) 2,7 m
4 Chieu cao phan hnh non (h
n
) 1,04 m
5
ung knh ay nho cua hnh
chop cut (d
n
)
0,6 m
6
Goc nghieng cua ay be lang so
vi phng ngang ()
50 o
7 Chieu cao ong trung tam h 2,7 m
8
ung knh mieng loe cua ong
trung tam
0,405 m
9 Chieu cao phan ong loe 0,405 m
10 ung knh tam hat 0,5265 m
11
Goc nghieng gia be mat tam
hat so vi mat phang ngang
17 o
12 Khoang cach mat ngoai cung
cua mieng loe en mep ngoai
0,031 m
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
93
Thc pham Vang
cung cua be mat tam hat (L)
13 Chieu cao tong cong cua be (H) 4,04 m
14 The tch ngan cha bun (W
b
) 0,04 m
3
15 ung knh ong dan bun ( ) 200 mm
16
ng knh ong dan nc thai
( d
thai
)
90 mm
4.2.3.i TNH TOAN BE KH TRUNG:
Xac nh dung tch bon pha hoa chat:
V
bon
= Q x C x t/(P x )
Trong o :
Q = 100 m
3
/ng = 4,167 m
3
/h
Nen chon clorua voi Ca(OCl)
2
. Lieu lng clorine can thiet
e kh trung nc thai sau khi qua be phan huy sinh hoc
la 5 g/m
3
.
Ham lng Clo hoat tnh trong Clorua voi 30% a co tnh en
ton that trong bao quan ( ieu 6.34 va 6.35 quy pham tam
thi HC 10/8/72)
C = a/P = (5/30).100 = 16,67 (g/m
3
)
Lieu lng Clorua voi can thiet: 16,67 g/m
3
t : thi gian gia 2 lan pha hoa chat, chon t = 24h.
P : nong o dung dch Clo trong thung pha tron, p = 5%
: khoi lng cua dung dch Ca(OCl)2, = 1 kg/l = 106 (g/m3)
V
bon
= 4,167 x 24 x 16.67/(0,05 x 10
6
) = 0,03334 (m
3
)
Vay chon 2 bon cha hoa chat bang nha e luan phien
s dung trong qua trnh hoat ong, do tren th trng co
thung loai 250 lt, D = 0,6m va H = 1,2m (Trang 312,LMT)
Xac nh kch thc bon hoa chat:
D= [4 x V
bon
/( x H)]
1/2
= [4 x 0,25/(3,14 x 1)]
1/2
= 0,6 (m)
Trong o:
o V
bon
: the tch bon = 0,25 (m
3
)
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
94
Thc pham Vang
o D : ng knh bon (m)
o H : chieu cao bon, chon H = 1 m
STT Cac thong so
So lieu
thiet ke n v
1
Dung tch bon pha
hoa chat 250 lt
2 ng knh bon 0,6 m
Tnh toan kch thc be kh trung:
The tch be kh trung:
V = Q x t = 4,167 x 30/60 = 2,0835 (m
3
)
Trong o:
o Q : lng nc thai em x ly (m
3
/h)
o t : thi gian nc lu trong be kh trung, chon : t
= 30 (phut)
Be rong be :
B = V/(h x L) = 2,0835/(1 x 4) = 1,04175 (m)
Chn B = 1,05 m
Trong o:
o h : chieu cao be kh trung, chon : h = 1m
o L : chieu dai be kh trung, chon : L = 2m
o Chon chieu cao bao ve la : 0,5 (m)
o Vay chieu cao xay dng : H = h + 0,5 = 1,5m
Tnh toan vach ngan :
Chieu dai vach ngan lay bang 2/3 chieu rong be
kh trung:
B
1
= (2/3) x B = (2/3) x 1,05 = 0,7 (m)
Chon 3 vach ngan trong be, be day vach chon :
100mm, n = 3
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
95
Thc pham Vang
Chieu dai tong cong cua be = 2 + (3 x 0,1) = 2,3
(m)
Khong cach gia cac vach ngan la :
l = L/(n + 1) = 2/(3 + 1) = 0,5 (m)
Tnh ong dan nc vao va ra khoi be:
ng knh ong:
D =
3
4 4 1,1574 10
3,14 0, 3
h
tb
Q
v

= 0,0701 (m)
Chon ong co ng knh D = 75mm
Trong o:
h
tb
Q
: lu lng nc thai trung bnh trong 1 giay,
h
tb
Q
=
1,1574 x 10
-3
m
3
/s.
v : van toc nc vao be, chon v = 0,3 m/s (TCXD-51-
84)
Tnh lng hoa chat can thiet e kh trung nc
thai:
Y =
5 4,167
1000 1000
h
tb
a Q
= 0,021 (kg/h) = 0,5 kg/ng (trang 274,
XLNTT va CN, LMT)
Trong o:
a : lieu lng Clo hoat tnh lay theo ieu 6.20.3 TCXD-
51-84 , a = 5 g/l
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
96
Thc pham Vang
4.2.3.k TNH BE CHA VA PHAN HUY
BUN K KH:
Bun sinh hoc t be lang t II :
Q
W(aeroten)
= 0,97625 m
3
/ngay.
M
SS
= 3,905 kg/ngay.
M
VSS
= 3,124 kg/ngay.
(VSS trong bun au ra chiem 80% SS) Muc 6 trang 145
LMT.
Bun d t be UASB :
Q
W
= 0,0512 m
3
/ngay.
M
SS
= 1,54 kg/ngay.
M
VSS
= 1,232 kg/ngay.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
STT Cac thong so
So lieu
thiet ke
n
v
2 Chieu rong be (B) 1,22 m
3
Chieu cao be tong cong
(H)
1,5 m
4 Chieu cao cong tac (h) 0,5 m
5 Chieu dai vach ngan (B
1
) 0,8 m
6
Khoang cach gia cac
vach ngan (l)
1 m
7 Be day ban vach ngan 0,1 m
97
Thc pham Vang
(VSS trong bun au ra chiem 80% SS) Muc 6 trang 145
LMT.
Bun ti t be tuyen noi :
Q
W
= 0,0835 m
3
/ngay.
M
SS
= 28,95 kg/ngay.
M
VSS
= 18,8175 kg/ngay.
Tong lng bun vao be phan huy k kh moi
ngay co:
Khoi tch bun :
Q
S
= (0,97625 + 0,0512 + 0,835) = 1,86245 (m
3
/ngay)
Lng chat ran :
M
ss
= (3,905 + 1,54 + 28,95) = 34,395 (kg/ngay)
Lng chat ran de bay hi :
M
VSS
= (3,124 + 1,232 + 18,8175) = 23,1735 (kg/ngay)
Ket qua thc nghiem cho thay (trang 470 LMT)
tai trong chat de bay hi L
VS
= 0,6 kgVS/m
3
.ngay
va nhiet o van hanh ngoai tri 28
0
C, hieu qua
kh VS at 50%.
San lng kh metan 0,55 m
3
/kg VS vao.
Ham lng chat ran cua bun a phan huy TS
ph
=
6%.
The tch can thiet cho qua trnh phan huy
bun :
V
r
=
3
23,1735
38, 6225( )
0, 6
VS
VS
M
m
L

LMT)
Thi gian phan huy :
38, 6225
20, 74( )
1,86245
r
P
S
V
t ngay
Q

Lng chat hu c con lai sau qua trnh on nh :
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
Nc
sau
tach
bun
98
Thc pham Vang
S
VS
= M
VSS
(1-E%) = 23,1735 x (1 0,5) = 11,6
(kgVS/ngay)
Lng chat vo c con lai :
S
S
= M
ss
M
VSS
= 34,395 23,2735 = 11,2215
(kgSS/ngay)
Tong lng chat ran con lai :
S
T
= S
VS
+ S
S
= 11,6 + 11,2215 = 22,8215 (kg TS/ngay)
Ham lng chat ran de bay hi cua bun phan huy
:
11, 6
100% 100% 50, 83%
22, 8215
VS
ph
T
S
VS
S

T trong can S
ph
= 1,005 (bang 13 1, trang 200,Tnh
toan thiet ke cac cong trnh x ly nc thai,
TXL ).
Toc o bun tch luy:
22,8215 1
0, 38
% 0, 06 1, 005 1000
T
a
ph
S
Q
TS S

(m
3
/ngay) (trang 471,
XLNTT va CN, LMT)
Gia s thi gian tr bun phan huy, t
s
= 30 ngay.
The tch be phan huy :
3
( ) (1,86245 0, 38) 20, 74
0, 38 30 34, 6543 ( )
2 2
S a P
a S
Q Q t
V Q t m
+ +
+ +
Trong o:
Q
S
: toc o bun vao be phan huy (m
3
/ngay).
Q
a
: toc o bun tch luy (m
3
/ngay).
t
P
: thi gian phan huy bun (ngay).
t
S
: thi gian tr bun a phan huy (ngay).
Gia s chieu cao hu ch be H = 3m, chieu cao phan
cha kh h
kh
= 0,5m
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
Nc
sau
tach
bun
99
Thc pham Vang
Be hnh vuong co canh :
34, 6543
3, 4( )
3
V
a m
H

Vay be phan huy bun k kh co kch thc :
B x L x H = 3,4m x 3,4m x 3m
Lu lng nc tren mat tr ve au he thong x
ly :
Q
n
= Q
s
Q
a
= 1,86245 0,38 = 1,48245 (m
3
/ngay)
4.2.4 PHNG AN 2:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
May
nen kh
BE TUYEN NOI
NGAN TIEP
NHAN
BIOFOR
BE IEU HOA
USAB
KH TRUNG
BE LANG II
BE CHA BUN
Nc
sau
tach
bun
X ly
bun
SONG CHAN
RAC
May
thoi kh
NGUON TIEP
NHAN
100
Thc pham Vang
4.2.5 MO TA CONG NGHE :
Cong nghe x ly cua tram x ly nc thai cua tram
x ly c la chon tren c s cac so lieu au vao va
au ra, cong suat thiet ke, ieu kien mat bang, c s
khoa hoc, tnh hnh au t cua doanh nghiep.
Cong nghe cua tram x ly nc thai c phan chia
thanh 3 giai oan: x ly bac 1, x ly bac 2, va x ly
bun
- Song chan rac c van hanh thu cong.
- Ngan thu nc thai.
- Be lang cat suc kh.
- Be ieu hoa.
- Thiet b tuyen noi.
Nc thai sinh hoat va t cac khau san xuat c thu
ve ho ga cua tram giet mo, trc tien chay qua song
chan rac e tach can tho va can co kch thc nho.
Cau tao cua song chan rac gom cac thanh chan inox, sap
xep canh nhau va han co nh tren khung inox. Theo tnh
chat cua nc thai va qui mo au t cong nghe nay
la chon song chan rac vi phng phap vt rac thu
cong va kch thc khe h song chan loai trung bnh ( 5 25
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
101
Thc pham Vang
mm). Nc thai qua song chan rac roi chay vao ngan
tiep nhan.
T ngan tiep nhan nc thai c bm len be lang
cat suc kh e loai bo cat va lam giam nong o BOD
va COD. Nc thai t be lang cat suc kh se qua be
ieu hoa. Thong thng trong qua trnh san xuat, lu
lng nc thai trong cac chu ky khac nhau cung khac
nhau, do o muc ch cua viec xay dng be ieu hoa la
nham lam cho nc thai trc khi chay vao he thong x
ly luon luon on nh ca ve lu lng va nong o cac
chat o nhiem trong nc thai.
e hoa tron eu nc thai va tranh gay mui hoi
do b phan huy yem kh trong be ieu hoa, khong kh c
suc vao t may thoi kh va c phan bo eu nh cac
a phan phoi kh c at chm di ay be.
T be ieu hoa nc thai se c bm sang he
thong tuyen noi ap lc e tach chat ran l lng va
dau m.
Qua trnh tuyen noi ap lc:
Do ac thu nc thai cua nganh giet mo gia suc
co lan mot lng rat ln dau m ton tai ca 2 dang:
can l lng va huyen phu l lng nen lng m nay
khong the tach ra khoi nc thai bang phng phap lang
thong thng. Trong trng hp nay tuyen noi ap lc la
phng phap hu hieu nhat.
Tuyen noi la qua trnh tach cac chat ran l lng va
huyen phu ra khoi nc thai. Qua trnh tach c thc
hien bang viec tao ra cac hat vi bot trong nc thai. Cac
vi bot nay se dnh bam vao cac chat ran va trong qua
trnh i len se ay cac chat ran nay noi len tren mat
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
102
Thc pham Vang
nc va chung c lay ra bang thanh gat be mat. Cum
thiet b tuyen noi bao gom cac hang muc chnh nh sau:
- Thiet b tuyen noi .
- Bnh bao hoa kh .
- May nen kh .
- Thanh gat bot be mat .
- Van giam ap.
Sau khi qua thiet b tuyen noi nc thai c a en
be UASB trc khi vao be x ly sinh hoc hieu kh (aeroten).
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc k kh:
Qua trnh x l k kh c ap dung trong giai oan x l bac
2 va ac biet ap dung cho cac loai nc thai o nhiem
hu c cao. ay la phng phap s dung cac loai vi sinh
vat k kh e phan huy cac chat hu c, e tao ra cac
kh biogas
Cac giai oan cua qua trnh phan huy k kh:
Giai oan thuy phan
Cac vi khuan tiet ra cac loai ezim e chuyen cac chat
hu c phc tap thanh cac chat hoa tan n gian co
khoi lng phan t nho hn . Trong giai oan nay , cac
protein c chuyen thanh aminoacid, carbohydrats c
chuyen thanh ng hoa tan ng carcbonhydarat chuyen
thanh ng hao tan , lipids chuyen thanh cac acid mach
dai va glycerin .
Qua trnh nay xay ra cham , toc o thuy phan phu thuoc
vao pH, kch thc hat va ac tnh de phan huy cua c
chat. Chat beo phan huy cham .
Giai oan acid hoa
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
103
Thc pham Vang
Cac loai vi sinh vat len men chuyen hoa cac chat hoa tan
thanh cac chat n gian nh acid beo de bay hi , alcohols ,
acid lactic, methanol, CO
2
, H
2
, NH
3
, H
2
S va sinh khoi mi . S
hnh thanh cac acid co the lam pH giam xuong 4. Giai
oan nay c thc hien chu yeu do vi khuan k kh bat
buoc.
Giai oan acetic.
Di tac dung cua vi khuan acetic , cac san pham cua
qua trnh acid hoa c chuyen hoa thanh acetate va H
2
,
CO
2
va sinh khoi mi .
Giai oan methane hoa.
ay la giai oan cuoi cua qua trnh phan huy k kh.
Acid acetic , H
2
, CO
2
, acid formic va methanol chuyen hoa
thanh methane, CO
2
va sinh khoi mi . Trong 3 giai oan
thuy phan, acid hoa va acetic hoa, COD trong dung dch
hau nh khong giam. COD ch giam trong qua trnh
methane hoa.
Be x l sinh hoc k kh dong chay ngc c ap
dung e x l cac loai nc thai co ham lng hu c
cao. Qua trnh phan huy sinh hoc trong be c dien ra
di ieu kien k kh. Hon hp kh long va di tac dung
cua dong chay ngc lam cho cac hat bun l lng xao
tron. Cac loai kh tao ra trong ieu kien k kh se tao ra
dong tuan hoan cuc bo .
Nguyen l hoat ong cua UASB:
Nc thai sau khi ieu chnh pH theo ong dan vao t
ay be. Hon hp bun k kh trong be se hap thu cac
chat hu c hoa tan trong nc thai, phan huy va
chuyen hoa chung thanh kh ( khoang 70 -80% CH4, 20-30%
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
104
Thc pham Vang
CO2) va nc . Cac hat bun can bam vao cac bot kh
c sinh ra noi len be mat lam xao tron va gay ra
dong tuan hoan cuc bo trong lp can l lng . Kh sinh ra
c thu vao pheu tach kh c lap at pha tren ( co
tac dung tach ca 3 pha : ran , long , kh) . e thu kh tap
trung vao pheu khong va ngan lang , can co tam
hng dong. Trong bo phan tach kh , dien tch be mat
nc phai u ln e cac hat bun noi do dnh ba vao
cac bot kh tach ra khoi bot kh .
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh (be biofor):
Qua trnh x ly hieu kh co s dung bun hoat tnh
vi s tham gia cua cac vi khuan hieu kh song l lng.
Cac chat hu c co hai cho moi trng se c cac vi
khuan hieu kh chuyen hoa thanh cac chat vo c (CO
2
,
H
2
O) vo hai. Trong qua trnh x ly mot lng ln bun hoat
tnh (biomass) d sinh ra se c s dung nh mot nguon
phan bon cho cay trong.
Qua trnh x ly sinh hoc hieu kh dien ra tai be
BIOFOR. Tai be BIOFOR mot lng oxy thch hp c a vao
bang may thoi kh thong qua cac au phan phoi kh at
ay be giup cho qua trnh sinh hoa dien ra nhanh hn. Vi
sinh vat hieu kh se tieu thu cac chat hu c dang keo va
dang hoa tan e sinh trng. Vi sinh vat phat trien thanh
quan the dang mang VSV bam tren lp vat lieu la
nhng ong nha hnh ruot ga. Qua trnh chuyen hoa vat
chat co the xay ra ngoai te bao VSV cung co the
xay ra trong te bao VSV. Ca hai qua trnh chuyen hoa eu
phu thuoc rat ln vao s tiep xuc cac chat vi te bao
VSV. Kha nang tiep xuc cang ln th phan ng xay cang
manh. Do o trong he thong cong nghe nay lap at
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
105
Thc pham Vang
them he thong thoi kh. Khi khong kh vao trong thiet b
gay ra nhng tac ong chu yeu sau:
+ Cung cap oxy cho te bao VSV
+ Lam xao tron dung dch, tang kha nang tiep xuc gia
vat chat va te bao
+ Pha v the bao vay cua san pham trao oi chat xung
quanh te bao VSV, giup cho qua trnh tham thau vat chat
t ngoai te bao vao trong te bao va qua trnh chuyen
van ngc lai.
+ Tang nhanh qua trnh sinh san vi khuan
+ Tang nhanh s thoat khoi dung dch cua cac chat kh
c tao ra trong qua trnh len men. Khi len men, VSV thng
tao ra mot so san pham dang kh. Cac loai kh nay
khong co y ngha oi vi hoat ong song cua VSV.
Khi vi sinh vat phat trien manh sinh khoi tang, vi sinh
vat gia chet tao thanh cac mang choc ra khoi gia the
(bong bun) troi theo nc ra ngoai va c lang be
lang ly tam.
Tai be lang II xay ra ong thi qua trnh keo tu va
lang. Ham lng chat l lng, mang vi sinh b troi ra khoi
be sinh hoc va cac dung dch dang keo se c keo tu
va lang xuong ay be. Hieu qua x ly at t 80 -95%
theo BOD va COD. Tai be lang, bun sinh khoi sinh ra c
lang xuong ay va c a sang be nen bun.
Tiep tuc nc sau khi qua be lang, nc thai se c
a vao be kh trung. Tai be kh trung, vi thi gian lu
nc thch hp, nc thai tiep xuc vi dung dch oxyhoa
manh co tnh chat kh trung. Cac chat oxyhoa co tac
dung phan huy, c che hoat ong te bao vi sinh vat.
Ket qua vi sinh vat b tieu diet.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
106
Thc pham Vang
Giai oan x ly bun:
Lng bun va can sinh ra t be tuyen noi, lng
bun sinh ra trong qua trnh x ly sinh hoc be UASB va
be lang ly tam c a sang be nen bun trong lc nham
lam gia tang ham lng chat ran cha trong bun e phu
hp vi viec kh nc.
4.2.6 PHAN TNH TOAN PHNG AN 2:
T song chan rac va ho thu, be lang cat suc kh, be
ieu hoa, be tuyen noi, be UASB, be lang, be nen bun
trong lc giong phng an 1.
4.2.6.aTNH TOAN BE BIOFOR:
ay la he thong loc sinh hoc vi vi khuan hieu kh
co dong kh nc i t di len tren.Oxi hoa c
thc hien bang cach a khong kh cung vi dong
nc i t di len tren.
Trc khi dog hon hp kh - nc i ngc t di
len tren loc, nc c kh suc tron eu roi dang
dan len tren tran qua ranh thu nc roi vao ngan
lang.
Nc sau khi qua be biofor se vao be kh trung.
Nhiet o trung bnh nam cua khong kh : t
kk
= 27
o
C
Cong suat oxi hoa (CO):
CO = 300 x ( t
kk
/ 10
o
C ) = 300 x ( 27 / 10 ) = 810
(g/m
3
.ngay) (trang 183, sach Thoat nc (tap 2: XLNT),
Hoang Van Hue va Tran c Ha)
The tch vat lieu tnh cho mot m
3
nc thai trong
ngay:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
107
Thc pham Vang
W
1
=
0
232, 56 50
810
S S
CO

= 0,2254 (m
3
) (cong thc 6.1, trang
183, sach Thoat nc (tap 2: XLNT), Hoang Van Hue va
Tran c Ha)
Trong o:
S
0
: ham lng BOD
5
cua nc thai au vao, S
0
=
232,56 mg/l
S : ham lng BOD
5
cua nc thai au ra , S = 50 mg/l
CO : cong suat oxi hoa, CO = 810 g/m
3
VLL.ngay
Tai trong thuy lc cho phep lng nc thai x
ly trong ngay tnh tren mot m
3
vat lieu:
q
0
=
0
810
232, 56 50
CO
S S

= 4,44 (m
3
/m
3
VLL.ngay) (cong thc
6.2, trang 184, sach Thoat nc (tap 2: XLNT), Hoang Van
Hue va Tran c Ha)
The tch yeu cau cua lp vat lieu:
W = W
1
x Q = 0,2254 x 100 = 22,54 (m
3
) (cong thc 6.3,
trang 184, sach Thoat nc (tap 2: XLNT), Hoang Van Hue
va Tran c Ha)
Trong o:
Q : lu lng nc thai trung bnh mot ngay, Q = 100
m
3
/ngay.
W
1
: the tch vat lieu tnh cho 1 m
3
nc thai trong
ngay
Dien tch be mat cua be biofor:
F =
1
W
H
=
22, 54
3
= 7,513 (m
2
) (cong thc 6.4, trang 184,
sach Thoat nc (tap 2: XLNT), Hoang Van Hue va Tran
c Ha)
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
108
Thc pham Vang
Trong o:
H
1
: chieu cao lp vat lieu, H = 3m ( trang 195, sach
cong nghe x ly nc thai bang bien phap sinh
hoc, PGS.TS.Lng c Pham )
Chieu cao tong cong cua be biofor:
H = H
1
+ h
2
+ h
3
= 3 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 4 (m)
Trong o:
h
2
: khoang cach t be mat lp vat lieu en mep
tren cung cua thanh be, h
2
= 0,5m (ieu 6.14.4
TCXD-51-84)
h
3
: khoang cach gia ay lp vat lieu va ay be,
h
3
= 0,5 1,0m (ieu 6.14.4 TCXD-51-84). Chon h
3
= 0,5m
Chon loai vat lieu la ong nha hnh ruot ga
Chon be biofor hnh vuong co canh:
7, 513 a F = 2,741 (m)
Chon a = 2,8m
The tch be biofor sau khi chon lai kch thc:
W = a x a x H = 2,8 x 2,8 x 4 = 31,36 (m
3
)
Lng khong kh can thiet cung cap cho be biofor:
A =
1
232, 56 100
2
21 24 21 24
ch
L Q
K
= 92,3 (m
3
/h) = 0,02564 (m
3
/s)
Trong o:
L
ch
: nong o BOD
5
cua dong nc thai dan en be
biofor, L
ch
= 232,56 mg/l
A : lng khong kh can thiet cung cap cho be (m
3
/h)
Q : lu lng nc thai trung bnh ngay em, Q = 100
m
3
/ng.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
109
Thc pham Vang
K
1
: he so d tr, K
1
= 2 3 (trang 263,XLNT T va
CN,LMT). Chon K
1
= 2
Kh c phan phoi vao be bang cac ong khoan lo at
doc theo cac hanh lang, van toc kh ra khoi lo la 5 10 m/s
(trang 147, sach XLNT T va CN,LMT). Chon V
lo
= 10m/s.
So lng lo bo tr mot pha theo chieu dai:
N
x
=
'
1000 31, 36 1000
60 60 60
W
D

= 7,467 (lo)
Chon N
x
= 10 lo
Trong o:
D: lu lng rieng cua khong kh, khi chon lo bo tr
mot pha theo chieu dai D = 57 170 L/phut. Chon D =
60 L/phut (Trang 140, sach XLNT T va CN, LMT)
Chon cach bo tr ong:
Kh c cung cap t may thoi kh, i vao ong dan
chnh at doc theo chieu dai be sau o i vao 5 ong
nhanh at doc theo chieu rong be.
kh
= 5 15m/s (theo
bang 9-9, trang 419, sach XLNT T va CN, Lam Minh
Triet). Chon V
kh
= 10m/s.
ng knh ong dan kh chnh:
D =
4
kh
A
V
=
4 0, 02564
10 3,14
= 0,05714 (m). Chon D = 60mm

ng knh ong dan kh phu:
D =
4
5
kh
A
V

=
4 0, 02564
5 10 3,14

= 0,02555(m). Chon D 27mm
Lu lng nc thai Q
tb
= 1,1574 x 10
-3
m
3
/s.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
110
Thc pham Vang
3
4 4 1,1574 10
3,14 0,8
Q
d
v

= 0,043 (m)
Chon d = 45 mm.
Tnh ng knh lo :
d
lo
=
4
5 2
lo
A
V

=
4 0, 02564
5 10 3,14 2

= 0,0181 (m)
Chon d
lo
= 19mm
Trong o:
2 : so lo bo tr tren moi nhanh
H
m
= h
L
+ h
cb
+ h
1
+ H = 0,4 + 0,4 + 4 = 4,8(m)
Trong o:
h
L
va h
cb
la ton that ap lc do ma sat doc theo chieu
dai tren ng ong dan va ton that cuc bo tai
cac au noi, khuc noi uon. Ton that cuc bo va
ton that theo chieu dai khong vt qua 0,4m. (Trang
147,LMT)
Chon h = h
L
+ h
cb
= 0,4(m)
h
l
la ton that qua cac lo phan phoi, gia tr nay
khong vt qua 0,5m.
Chon h
l
= 0,4m
H : o ngap sau cua lo phan phoi kh, chon H = 4m.
(bang chieu cao cua be)
4, 8
0, 4743( )
10,12 10,12
m
m
H
P atm
Cong suat cua may thoi kh tnh theo qua trnh thoi
oan nhiet:
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
111
Thc pham Vang
1
1
]
1
,
_

1
7 , 29
283 , 0
1
2 1
P
P
l n
T R G
P
m
( )
0,283
0, 033332 8, 314 27 273
1, 4743
1 1, 641( )
29, 7 0, 283 0, 7 1
kW
1
+
_

1

,
1
]
(cong
thc 6-20, trang 108, sach Tnh toan thiet ke cac
cong trnh x ly nc thai, TXL)
Trong o:
P
m
G = q
kh
x = 0,02564 x 1,3 = 0,033332(kg/s)
3
)
R : hang so kh, oi vi khong kh R = 8,314 KJ/K.mol
0
K
T
1
: nhiet o tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao, T
1
=
27
o
C
P
1
: ap lc tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao 1 atm
P
2
2
= P
1
+ 1
(atm)
283 , 0
1
K
K
n
v oi vi khong kh K = 1,395.
l : hieu suat cua may t 0,7 0,8. chon l = 0,7
Tnh toan lng bun:
Ham lng BOD
5
trong nc thai vao biofor : L
a
= 232,56
mg/l.
Ham lng SS trong nc thai vao biofor: C = 18 mg/l.
Ham lng BOD
5
trong nc can at sau x ly : L
t
= 50
mg/l.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
112
Thc pham Vang
Chat l lng trong nc thai au ra la chat ran sinh hoc
(bun hoat tnh), trong o co 80% la chat de bay hi va
60% la chat co the phan huy sinh hoc.
V be biofor chc nang giong be aeroten nen ta chon cac
thong so sau:
Trong o: ( theo trang 385,LMT)

C
: thi gian lu bun,
C
= 20 ngay.
Q : lu lng trung bnh ngay, Q = 100 m
3
/ ngay em.
Y : he so san lng bun, Y = 0,5 mgVSS/mgBOD
5
.
X : nong o chat l lng de bay hi (VSS) trong hon
hp bun hoat tnh, X = 3200 mg/l.
K
d
: he so phan huy noi bao, K
d
= 0,05/ngay.
He so san lng quan sat:
0, 5
0, 25
1 1 0, 05 20
obs
d C
Y
Y
K

+ +
LMT)
Lng sinh khoi gia tang moi ngay tnh theo MLSS :
( ) ( )
3 3
0, 25 100 232, 56 50
4, 564( / )
10 10
obs a t
x
Y Q L L
P kg ngay

Lng sinh khoi tong cong tnh theo MLSS:
4, 564
( ) 5, 705( / )
0,8 0, 8
x
x
P
P ss kg ngay
(trang 145, XLNTT va
CN, LMT )
Lng bun thai bo moi ngay bang lng tang sinh khoi
tong cong tnh theo MLSS, ham lng chat l lng con lai
trong dong ra:
5,705 (100 x 18 x 10
3
) = 3,905 (kg/ngay)
STT Cac thong so
So lieu
thiet ke n v
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
113
Thc pham Vang
1
Chieu cao lp vat lieu loc
(H
1
) 3 m
2 Chieu cao be biofor (H) 4 m
3
Chieu dai canh be biofor
(a) 2,8 m
4
So lng lo phan phoi kh
(N
x
) 10 lo
5 ng knh lo (d
lo
) 19 mm
6
ng knh ong dan kh
chnh (D) 60 mm
7
ng knh ong dan kh
phu (D') 27 mm
8
ng knh ong dan nc
thai (d) 45 mm
9
Chieu dai canh ngan lang
(a') 1,1 m
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
114
Thc pham Vang
CHNG 5: D TOAN GIA
THANH
5.1. Khai Toan Kinh Ph He Thong X Ly Nc
Thai giet mo gia suc Cong Suat 100 m
3
/ ngay
cua phng an 1
STT Thiet b cong trnh
n
v
tnh
So
ln
g n gia
Thanh
tien
Nguon
goc
A Phan xay dng
1
Ngan tiep nhan,
the tch V=
2,47m
3
. BTCT
m
3
3
1.300.00
0
3.900.000
VIET
NAM

Be lang cat,
The tch V = 29m
3
.
BTCT
m
3
29
1.400.00
0
40.600.00
0
VIET
NAM
2
Be ieu hoa,
the tch V=
34,2m
3
.Vat lieu
BTCT
m
3
35
1.800.00
0
63.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
3
Be tuyen noi,
the tch V =6,3m
3
.
BTCT
m
3
7
1.500.00
0
10.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
4
Be sinh hoc k kh,
UASB. The tch V =
50m
3
.BTCT
m
3
50
1.800.00
0
90.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
5
Be sinh hoc hieu
kh, AEROTEN. The
tch V = 28,8m
3
.
Vat lieu BTCT
m
3
29
1.800.00
0
52.200.00
0
VIET
NAM
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
115
Thc pham Vang
6
Be lang t II. V
= 10m
3
. Vat lieu
BTCT
m
3
10
1.400.00
0
14.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
7
Be cha bun,
the tch V = 35m
3
.
Tng xay gach,
ay BT
m
3
35
1.200.00
0
42.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
8
Be kh trung,
the tch V= 4m
3
.
tng xay gach,
ay BT
m
3
4
1.200.00
0
4.800.000
VIET
NAM
9 Nha ieu hanh
Ca
i
1
7.800.00
0
7.800.000
VIET
NAM

328.800.
000

B Phan thiet b
10
Song chan rac.
Vat lieu Inox
Ca
i
1
3.500.00
0
3.500.000
VIET
NAM
11
Bm nc thai
nhung chm lu
lng (BC1). Lu
lng 7 - 10m
3
/h.
Cot ap 5m. H=
2Hp
Ca
i
2
12.500.0
00
25.000.00
0
Ebara
12
Bm nc thai
(BC2). Lu lng
5m
3
. cot ap 12m,
H =2,5Hp
Ca
i
2
11.500.0
00
23.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
13 Bm nc thai
truc ngang (BT3).
Lu lng 6m3.
cot ap 16m. H
Ca
i
2 14.500.0
00
29.000.00
0
Ebara
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
116
Thc pham Vang
=2Hp
14 Thiet b cao bot
Bo
1
15.500.0
00
15.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
15
Thiet b tao ap,
V = 3m3. Vat lieu
Thep CT3, quyet
HDPE
Ca
i
1
12.500.0
00
12.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
17 Bm bun
Ca
i
1
7.500.00
0
7.500.000 ITALIA
18
May nen kh,
cong suat 3Hp
Ca
i
1
8.500.00
0
8.500.000 TAIWAN
19
May thoi kh,
cong suat 5 Hp
Ca
i
2
25.000.0
00
50.000.00
0
KOREA
20
He thong ng
ong cong nghe
STK, uPVC
Bo
1
27.000.0
00
27.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
21
He thong ien +
tu ien ieu
khien t ong,
linh kien LG, cap
CADIVI
Bo
1
19.000.0
00
19.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
22
Bm nh lng,
lu lng 10 - 30l/h
Ca
i
3
4.800.00
0
14.400.00
0
USA
23
Bon cha hoa
chat
Ca
i
3
1.200.00
0
3.600.000
VIET
NAM
24 a phan phoi kh
Ca
i
16 650.000
10.400.00
0
USA

248.900.
000
C Phan con lai

25 Bun nuoi cay m
3
50 700.000
35.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
117
Thc pham Vang
26
Chi ph t van
cong nghe, thiet
ke ky thuat
1
18.000.0
00
18.000.00
0

Chi ph lap at
thiet b, cong
nghe
(15% x gia tr
thiet b)

40.095.00
0

27
Chi ph van
chuyen
1
4.500.00
0
4.500.000
28
Hng dan van
hanh - Chuyen
giao cong nghe
5.000.000

102.595.
000
TONG CONG
680.295.
000
Ghi chu:
Chi ph tren cha bao gom VAT 10%
Toan bo he thong c bao hanh trong thi gian
12 thang
Nc sau x ly at tieu chuan loai B 5945 - 2005
Viet Nam
5.2. Khai Toan Kinh Ph He Thong X Ly Nc
Thai giet mo gia suc Cong Suat 100 m
3
/ ngay
cua phng an 2
STT
Thiet b cong
trnh
n
v
tnh
So
lng n gia
Thanh
tien
Nguon
goc
A
Phan xay
dng
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
118
Thc pham Vang
1
Ngan tiep
nhan, the tch
V= 2,47m
3
. BTCT
m
3
3
1.300.00
0
3.211.000
VIET
NAM

Be lang cat,
The tch V =
29m
3
. BTCT
m
3
29
1.400.00
0
40.600.00
0
VIET
NAM
2
Be ieu hoa,
the tch V=
34,2m
3
.Vat lieu
BTCT
m
3
35
1.800.00
0
63.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
3
Be tuyen noi,
the tch V
=6,3m
3
. BTCT
m
3
7
1.500.00
0
10.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
4
Be sinh hoc k
kh, UASB. The
tch V =
50m
3
.BTCT
m
3
50
1.800.00
0
90.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
5
Be sinh hoc
hieu kh,
BIOFOR. The tch
V = 31,36m
3
. Vat
lieu BTCT
m
3
32
1.800.00
0
57.600.00
0
VIET
NAM
6
Be lang t II.
V = 10m
3
. Vat
lieu BTCT
m
3
10
1.400.00
0
14.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
7
Be cha bun,
the tch V =
35m
3
. Tng
xay gach, ay
BT
m
3
35
1.200.00
0
42.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
8 Be kh trung,
the tch V= 4m
3
.
m
3
4 1.200.00
0
4.800.000 VIET
NAM
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
119
Thc pham Vang
tng xay
gach, ay BT
9 Nha ieu hanh Cai 1
7.800.00
0
7.800.000
VIET
NAM

333.511.
000

B Phan thiet b
10
Song chan rac.
Vat lieu Inox
Cai 1
3.500.00
0
3.500.000
VIET
NAM
11
Bm nc thai
nhung chm lu
lng (BC1). Lu
lng 7 - 10m
3
/h.
Cot ap 5m. H=
2Hp
Cai 2
12.500.0
00
25.000.00
0
Ebara
12
Bm nc thai
(BC2). Lu lng
5m
3
. cot ap
12m, H =2,5Hp
Cai 2
11.500.0
00
23.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
13
Bm nc thai
truc ngang (BT3).
Lu lng 6m3.
Cot ap 16m. H
=2Hp
Cai 2
14.500.0
00
29.000.00
0
Ebara
14
Thiet b cao
bot
Bo 1
15.500.0
00
15.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
15
Thiet b tao
ap, V = 3m3.
Vat lieu Thep
CT3, quyet HDPE
Cai 1
12.500.0
00
12.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
16 Thiet b loc ap
lc, D x H = 600
Cai 1 14.500.0
00
14.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
120
Thc pham Vang
x 2000mm. Vat
leu. Thep CT3
quet HPE
17 Bm bun Cai 1
7.500.00
0
7.500.000 ITALIA
18
May nen kh,
cong suat 3Hp
Cai 1
8.500.00
0
8.500.000 TAIWAN
19
May thoi kh,
cong suat 5 Hp
Cai 2
25.000.0
00
50.000.00
0
KOREA
20
He thong
ng ong
cong nghe STK,
uPVC
Bo 1
27.000.0
00
27.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
21
He thong ien
+ tu ien ieu
khien t ong,
linh kien LG,
cap CADIVI
Bo 1
19.000.0
00
19.000.00
0
VIET
NAM
22
Bm nh lng,
lu lng 10 -
30l/h
Cai 3
4.800.00
0
14.400.00
0
USA
23
Bon cha hoa
chat
Cai 3
1.200.00
0
3.600.000
VIET
NAM
24
a phan phoi
kh
Cai 16 650.000
10.400.00
0
USA

263.400.
000
C Phan con lai

25
Vat lieu dnh
bam. The tch V
= 22,54 m3
m
3
25
1.500.00
0
37.500.00
0
VIET
NAM
26 Bun nuoi cay m
3
50 700.000 35.000.00 VIET
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
121
Thc pham Vang
0 NAM
27
Chi ph t van
cong nghe,
thiet ke ky
thuat
1
18.000.0
00
18.000.00
0

Chi ph lap at
thiet b, cong
nghe
(15% x gia tr
thiet b)

40.095.00
0

28
Chi ph van
chuyen
1
4.500.00
0
4.500.000
29
Hng dan
van hanh -
Chuyen giao
cong nghe
5.000.000

140.095.
000
TONG CONG
737.006.
000
Ghi chu:
Chi ph tren cha bao gom VAT 10%
Toan bo he thong c bao hanh trong thi gian
12 thang
Nc sau x ly at tieu chuan loai B 5945 - 2005
Viet Nam
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
122
Thc pham Vang
CHNG 6: KET LUAN VA KIEN
NGH

6.1. KET LUAN:
Cong ty trang thiet b may moc hien ai c nhap
t nc ngoai. Qua trnh san xuat c kiem soat
nghiem ngat cho nen ngoai hai van e anh hng
en moi trng ac trng cua nganh giet mo gia
suc la nc thai, mui hoi th cac van e khac eu
am bao khong anh hng moi trng xung quanh.
He thong thoat nc cua cong ty c chia ra lam
hai he thong rieng biet la nc ma va nc thai
sinh hoat va nc thai san xuat thuan tien cho viec
thiet ke he thong x ly nc thai.
6.2. KIEN NGH:
Giao duc y thc bao ve moi trng cho toan the
can bo nhan vien trong cong ty.
Xay dng oi ngu cac nhan vien co chuyen mon
ve moi trng e quan ly cac van e moi trng
cua cong ty.
Cong ty can lap at them song chan rac tinh
trc ng cong tai khu san xuat e giam lng
rac trc khi vao he thong x ly, va co ke hoach
thu gom rac moi ngay mot lan.
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van
123
Thc pham Vang
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Hoang Hue (4/2005), "X ly nc thai ", Trng ai
Hoc Kien Truc Ha Noi, Nha Xuat Ban Xay Dng.
[2] Hoang Van Hue (chu bien) va PGS.TS. Tran c Ha
(2002), "Thoat nc tap II (X ly nc thai) ", trang 59
en 234, Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Hoc Va Ky Thuat .
[3] Lam Minh Triet (chu bien), Nguyen Thanh Hung Va
Nguyen Phc Dan (11/2006), "X ly nc thai o th va
cong nghiep ", trang 98 en 517, Nha Xuat Ban ai Hoc
Quoc Gia Thanh Pho Ho Ch Minh.
[4] Lng c Pham (10/2003), "Cong nghe x ly nc
thai bang bien phap sinh hoc ", trang 178 en 197, Nha
Xuat Ban Giao Duc.
[5] Trnh Xuan Lai (3/2000), "Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong
trnh x ly nc thai ", Cong Ty T Van Cap Thoat Nc
So 2, Nha Xuat Ban Xay Dng.
[6] Trnh Xuan Lai va Nguyen Trong Dng (9/2005), "X
ly nc thai cong nghiep ", trang 53 en 118, Nha Xuat
Ban Xay Dng .
SVTH : Ho Thanh Van

Kysumoitruong - VN - Gietmogiasuc (Daydu)

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Tnh toan thiet ke he thong x ly nc thai Cong ty TNHH

Thc pham Vang

: he so ton that ap lc cuc bo

: goc nghien at song chan rac,

: he so phu thuoc hnh dang thanh ,hnh vuong 2

T so chieu dai so vi chieu rong be:

(trang 196, XLNTT va CN,

= 0,04(m). Chon ong 60mm

= 0,023(m). Chon ong 27mm

(trang 420, XLNTT va CN, LMT )

(trang 421, XLNTT va CN, LMT )

d : ng knh ong dan kh chnh.

Ton that ap lc theo chieu dai ong thoi kh nhanh:

Tnh ton that ap lc cua may thoi kh:

ng knh ong dan nc thai:

57 phut ( thoa ieu kien 20< t <

- lc cang be mat cua nc; nhiet o 27

Lng oxi yeu cau, kg oxi/ ngay:

Lng khong kh yeu cau vi hieu qua van chuyen 8%:

= 0,074 (m). Chon ong 90mm

= 1,35 x d = 1,35 x 0,3 = 0,405 (m)

= 0,05714 (m). Chon D = 60mm

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