I H QU GI THNH PH H H MINH

TRNG I H KHO H T NHIN

H I TRG







B TH I TRUG












TP H h Minh-2011



2


LI M U
Knh gi thy c v cc bn sinh vin khoa Mi trng!
Kt thc hc k 4, vi s t chc v hng dn ca nh trng khoa i trng
cng cc thy c gio, chng em c mt chuyn i thc a b ch v nhiu
ngha Khng nhng c nhn thy thc t p dng cc kin thc hc huyn i 6
ngy nh t chuyn du ch y th v v hu ch
t u t thnh ph H Ch Minh, ni bt u ca chuyn hnh trnh, sinh vin
kha 09 chng em cng cc thy c i trn t chng ng di n vi thc t
Nhn tn t nhng g t trc ti nay i ch c gii thiu qua sch v huyn
i gip cho chng e c th nhiu kin thc kinh nghi b ch hon thin th
k nng vic nh
Chng em xin chn thnh gi li c n n tt c cc thy c cng song hnh
vi chng em trn sut on ng, chuyn i to ra cho mi ngi chng em
nhng k ni p
Bi bo co ca nhm khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Knh mong qu thy c s
ng h v ng gp kin chn tnh cho nhng n lc ca nhm.

Nh 7


3


1. G I ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 I H ST : KHU VC CU LA NG ................................................................ 6
1.1.1 I T HI .................................................................................................. 6
1.1.2 H ST PH B U L G ........................................................................ 7
1.1.3 H T ...................................................................................................................... 9
2. L G ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 I H ST BT B L ................................................................... 10
2.1.1 HI QUT QUG BUIT B L............................................................... 10
2.1.2 GU G QUG BUT ................................................................................ 10
2.1.3 T T V PHG H TR BZ T BUIT ................................. 11
2.1.4 HI TH QUG .................................................................................................. 12
2.1.5 PHG PHP L HT THI V V I TRG .......... 13
2.1.6 H GI HT LG HI QU T VI R QUNG ............. 15
2.1.7 HI PH H I TRG ................................................................................... 15
2.1.8 T LU ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.2 I H ST 3 HU V U I IH .......................................................... 16
2.2.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 16
2.2.2 HH - ................................................................................................. 16
2.2.3 HT ..................................................................................................................... 17
2.2.4 H HU ........................................................................................................................ 17
2.2.5 H TH V.................................................................................................... 17
2.2.6 GII THIU H TH I I IH ................................................................ 18
2.2.7 H T .................................................................................................................... 18
2.3 I H ST LG BIG .................................................................................. 19
2.3.1 V TR L .............................................................................................................. 19
2.3.2 A HNH ................................................................................................ 19
2.3.3 H HU ........................................................................................................................ 19
2.3.4 TH V .................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.5 SINH VT ...................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.6 H H S B G T B V I TRG H QU ......... 20
2.3.7 H T .................................................................................................................... 21


4

2.4 I H ST PH VI SIH H HIT I .......................................... 22
2.4.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 22
2.4.2 TH G VI ....................................................................................... 22
2.4.3 GII THIU T S LI ...................................................................................... 24
2.4.4 H T .................................................................................................................... 25
2.5 I H ST H U HG ........................................................................ 26
2.5.1 GII THIU HUG V H U HG (HH) ........................................... 26
2.5.2 TIU VG H HU LT ................................................................................ 26
2.5.3 HT G IH T - HI HH QU H ST ..................... 26
2.5.4 H GI, T LU .............................................................................................. 28
2.6 IM KHO ST 7: G T P C SUI VNG .......................................... 29
2.6.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 29
2.6.2 CNG TRH P SH I ........................................................... 29
2.6.3 QU TRH HT G ......................................................................................... 30
2.6.4 H T .................................................................................................................... 35
2.7 I H ST H L C THI LT .................................... 36
2.7.1 GII THIU CHUNG .................................................................................................. 36
2.7.2 S QU TRH L ......................................................................................... 36
2.7.3 QU TRH V H HOT NG ................................................................. 37
2.7.4 H T .................................................................................................................... 40
2.8 I H ST S HI GIG L (L G) ................................... 41
2.8.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 41
2.8.2 IU I UI . ....................................................................................... 41
2.8.3 QU TRH V H UI, HT LG I TRG
HU V UI . ...................................................................................................... 42
2.8.4 QUY TRNH NUI ....................................................................................................... 42
2.8.5 HG H H TRG VI UI HI ............................................. 43
2.8.6 H T .................................................................................................................... 43
2.9 I H ST V QU GI BIUP- I B ....................................... 44
2.9.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 44
2.9.2 V TR L .............................................................................................................. 44
2.9.3 I HT, TH HG, HH. ............................................ 44
2.9.4 G SIH H .................................................................................................. 45


5

2.9.5 THG ................................................................................................................... 46
2.9.6 HI TR H V I TRG TI V QU GI BIUP ............... 47
2.9.7 H T .................................................................................................................... 47
3 HH H ................................................................................................................................ 48
3.1 I H ST S SG I ............................................................................... 48
3.1.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 48
3.1.2 HT THU V ............................................................................................... 48
3.1.3 T T ....................................................................................................................... 49
3.1.4 H T .................................................................................................................... 49
3.2 I H ST VI HI G H H TRG ................................... 50
3.2.1 GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 50
3.2.2 U VT, SIH VT ........................................................................................ 50
3.2.3 I SIH THI T S LI ................................................................... 51
3.2.3 T S GHI U TRG VI B T G SIH H
TRI HI THH G TI VI HI G H H TRG ..................... 52
3.2.4 H T .................................................................................................................... 52
3.3 I H ST 3 HU BO TN BIN (KBTB) HN MUN ............................... 53
3.3.1 GII THIU V HU B T BI H U ............................................... 53
3.3.2 G T B T I I VI PHT TRI U LH .............................. 53
3.3.3 HG TG T T PHIU H ST .......................................................... 54
3.3.4 T LU ..................................................................................................................... 56





6

1. G NAI
1.1 I H ST 1: KHU VC CU LA NG
Thi gian kho st: 8h ngy 18/7/2011
Ta kho st: (11
0
093639N;107
0
16309E)
iu kin: tri nhiu y t nng gi nh
1.1.1 I T HI
1.1.1.1 V TR L
Sng La Ng c tng chiu di khong 290
k din tch t t nhin ton b u vc
4.100 km
2
chy qua a gii hnh chnh 3 tnh
L ng nh Thun v ng Nai. on
sng La Ng chy trong tnh ng Nai di 55
k khc khuu nhiu ghnh thc on ny
sng La Ng hp c nhiu nhnh vo in
hnh sui Gia Huynh v sui Ta ung
1.1.1.2 A MO
Thung ng x thc c cc ming ni la
1.1.1.3 A CHT
c ra ch yu l cc thnh to trm tch tui Jura trung.
H tng ti khu vc kho st: H tng La Ng (J2ln):
Nn La Ng nguyn thy trm tch c dng phin mu xanh. Thnh phn mt ct
phn di ch yu cc h tng La Ng l u vc sng ng Nai, sng La Ng..
Mt ct c nghin cu theo sng La Ng v ng t t ni Trn i nh Qun
gm 3 tp t di n nh sau:
Tp 1: st kt en phn p mng, mt lp lng bng c nhiu tinh th pyrit, th
hin i trng kh ca b tr tch Xen trong phin st c nhng lp bt kt mu
x en phn lp mng dng sc di.
Tp 2: Ct kt t khong ht nh n va mu xm, xm vng, phn lp dy n
dng khi, xen k cc lp b kt xm s x en
Hnh 11: u La ng nhn t i
kho st


7

Tp 3: ct bt kt v bt kt mu xm, dng di cha nhiu vy mica trng xen k
dng nhp vi ct kt ht va n mn, mu xm nht, mt lp cng c nhng vy mi
ca, cha nhiu vn thc vt v phin st phn lp mng mu s x en x
s i ch trn b mt lp ct kt c du vt kh nc nguyn sinh. Chiu dy trung
bnh h tng: 600-800m, c ni dy ti 1.150-1300m.
c im a cht:
Nh t bt c hnh thnh trn bt ni
la t vng, giu mn, tng t mng t
chua khng th trng cy cng nghip y
thung ng x thc do sng La Ng xm thc vo
trm tch Jura, khng phi qu trnh tch t, phn
trn b phong ha rt nhiu to thnh t feralit.
Quan st thy thch anh y dng mch
chng t trc y c nhng mch thch anh
xm nhp vo tr tch trc. Tri qua qu trnh
phong ha b v vn.
Ti khu vc kho st thch anh nm ti ch v ng i thnh cc, phong ha nhiu,
mu sc nht, ch yu u vng hnh thnh t feralite vng.
Khu vc ny thung ng x thc do sng La Ng xm thc vo trm tch, cc
trm tch v vn thng vung gc vi nhau, phong ha khng r rng.
1.1.2 H ST PH B U L G
1.1.2.1 G T
Khu vc cu La Ng c a hnh kh dc c chia lm 2 loi:
Vng i ni: gm cc ni la ang ng v mt bn l cc ngn i tng
i thp Trn i c xy dng tng i it s
Vng trng: vng sng La Ng chy qua.



Hnh 12: Thch anh b phong ha


8

1.1.2.2 T T HH:
1.1.2.3 H TNG-TH V
Sng La Ng chi u n nht nm bn b tri dng chnh ng Nai, bt ngun t
vng ni cao Di Linh- Bo Lc vi cao t 1.300-1.600 m, chy theo ra pha Ty
tnh Bnh Thun vo h Tr An. Sng La Ng vo h Tr n t ng nc
khong 45x10
9
m
3
/n chi 1/3 tng ng nc h
Hng n a a bt u vo thng 5 v kt thc vo thng 10, ko di trong 6 thng
v chim 80-90% tng ng a c n Ma n vng thng-trung u La Ng
(2.400-2800/n) gim dn v pha h u (1800-2200/n)
Li dng dng chy ngi dn ni y s dng
cc b nui trng nh bt c
1.1.2.4 H SIH THI
phong ha ra t trong thi gian khong
07 triu n Trn p ph bazan thy nh n
cc nh ni a v trn a hnh bazan ny
thng thng th trng cao su n trn ing
ni a trng chui thuc
Hnh 14 Th thc vt
Hnh 13 t ct t nh tng i n nh ni a


9

Thm cy trng nng nghip: bao gm cy la tp trung ch yu thung ng sng La
Ng cy n qu phn b 3 khu vc bc thm sng v xen ln trong cc khu dn c
ngoi ra cn pht trin mt s cy cng nghip nh cy iu cao su
Cc thm thc vt c s phn ha r rng, phong ph vi nhiu loi cy ln ven b
sng cn trn i cao ch yu l bi c, cy bi, ngoi ra cn pht trin rng trng.
1.1.3 H T
Sau bui thc a sinh vin hc c cch s dng a bn xc nh i trn bn
nhn bit c i a cht ti nguyn t th thc vt ti cu La Ng
Vic xy cu thay i a hnh t nhin th thc vt
Vic thc n tha trong nui trng nh bt c nh hng n i trng nc t
nhin.













10

2. L G
2.1 I H ST BT B L
Thi i: 13h th 2 ngy 18 /7/ 2011
Ta : (11
0
3437.9N;107
0
4917.4E)
iu kin: tri khng nng t thi tit thun i
2.1.1 KHI QUT QUNG BUT BO LC
L ng kh phong ph cc thnh to Jura. Cc thnh to Jura i trng rt cn
thit, quan trng cha dung dch qung ni sinh ng thi cng to ra lp phong
ha hnh thnh cc m st gch ngi.
Cc thn qung thnh to cao tuyt i 800-1080 kch thc thn qung 0,2-7
km
2
, dy 2,6-4,1m. Thnh phn khong vt (%) gibsit: 59,2; kaolinit: 8,8; geotit: 17,4;
heatit: 86 H ng (%) Al
2
O
3
: 44,69; SiO
2
: 2,61; Fe
2
O
3
:23,35; TiO
2
: 3,52; MKN:
24,30.
u trc ca boxt: thn qung dng thu knh, dy nh i ng sn i cu
to qung kt tng pha trn xung di thn qung cu to dng thch dng nh
v
Tr ng ca vng Bo Lc l khong 1.000.000 tn qung tinh. C vng Bo Lc c
khong 130 triu tn qung th trong din tch khong 41 ha.
2.1.2 NGUN GC QUG BUT
Cc m Bauxt Latert min ng Na v Ty Nguyn l sn phm ca qu trnh
phong ha bazan tui Pliocen mun- Pleitocen
sm (N
2
Q
1
)
.
auxt l tn tch ca qu trnh
phong ha u di trn cc giu khong vt
auosiicat iu kin phong ha to bauxt
gm:

Kh hu nhit i nng m
a hnh phn ct trung bnh to cc i n
sng (phn ct su 80-120m)
Hnh 21 Qung Bauxt


11

Thi gian ko di (hng triu n)
giu khong alumosilicat
Cc m c hnh thnh do qu trnh phong ha Latert theo kiu alferit. Trong qu
trnh laterit kiu alferit cc nguyn t c a ra khi v phong ha tnh trn mc
d b di chuyn i tun theo dy sau:
(Na
2
O +H
2
O) > (CaO +MgO) > SiO
2
>> (Fe
2
O
3
+ TiO
2
)> Al
2
O
3

Dy trn cho thy hu nh ton b nguyn t kim, kim th, phn ln silic b chuyn
khi lp phong ha. Qung auxt hnh thnh trong lp phong ha ny ngoi nhm cn
giu st v titan. auxt c hnh thnh t qu trnh phong ha Latert gi auxt
Latert. Qu trnh ny di chuyn SiO
2
v tp trung hydroxit auinu trong t vi hm
ng cao to thnh qung.
2.1.3 MT CT V PHONG HA TRN BAZAN T BUT
Qung bauxt phn b khng ng u, dng cc ln hn vi tr th nm pha
trn l do qu trnh phong ha mnh m gn kt cc ht li vi nhau, qung vi mm
phn b tng lp su hn do b phong ha ch hn Kch thc ca qung bauxt
gim dn theo chiu su tng qung.
i vi m auxt - Bo Lc, c th quan st lp v phong ha g cc i khc bit
r rt v thnh phn ha hc v thnh phn khong vt:


auxt 0.3-2m
auxt t 0.5-7m
Litoaz st oang t st
sialit 0.5-10m
St ha cu trc 03-0.2m
Hnh 22: Mt ct phu din


12

i st ha l tng st xung di c dng phong ha hnh cu. Cu trc ca i st
ha l bazan c th thy hoc khng. i ny cha 4-5 bauxt cn li ch yu l st.
i st phong ha loang l (dy 3-4m), thnh phn ch yu l khong: kaolin, goethit,
kaoinit c to thnh trn gi hnh Haloysit, Montmorilinit v mt ng nh trc
tip t Plagioclaz. Trong c mt mt ng nh Hematit v Alumogoethit. Ilmenit
khng thay i trong qu trnh phong ha, phn trn i Litoma xut hin mt Gibsit
to thnh lp dy vi c n vi m.
i ch t: Tng Latert auxt khai thc qung bauxt bng cch co, dy
t 4-6m hoc ln hn Nhng cc Latert nhm dng kt to u nu , vng, i khi
c Latert st l vt liu chnh khai thc tuyn qung bauxt Giai on ny c trng
bng s ra silic mnh m (h ng Si=30-38 trong i Litoma gim cn 0,8
82 trong i bauxt) ng thi vi s ang n Al, Fe t i th nhng, Gibsit
c to thnh t kaolin v t s thy phn dung dch giu nc t b mt chy n.
Nc t b mt giu Fe(HCO
3
)
2
b oxi ha chuyn thnh Fe(III), Fe(III) thy phn to
thnh hematit(Fe
2
O
3
). Do trong qu trnh ny m phn trn ca lp bauxit giu hematit.
Khong vt ch yu ca i ny l: gibsit,goethit, hematit v ilmenit v mt ng nh
anatas, rutil, quartz.
i th nhng: b dy t 0,3-05 t c u nu en u x di tc dng ca
dung dch giu CO
2
v cc acid hu c trong vng ny din ra qu trnh Kaolionit ha.
Gibsit tan ra v kaoinit c to thnh.
auxt Latert min Nam Vit Nam l loi auxt Gibsit c h ng st cao, xp vo
loi qung cht ng khng cao. Tuy nhin, vi tr ng ln v d khai thc (m l
thin) y ngun khong sn qu ca t nc Do vic nghin cu thu hi cc
sn phm ph trong c vanai nng cao gi tr ca qung bauxt l rt cn thit.
2.1.4 HI TH QUG
Sn ng khai thc hng n 16000 tn qung tinh, 36.000 tn qung th c
chuyn v TPHM ch bin thnh Al
2
O
3
, Al(OH)
3
. Trung bnh sau khi tuyn th c
49% oxit Al; 2,5% SiO
2
; nc kt tinh v TiO
2
4%.
Qung phn b trn nhng qu i c dc 12-15


13

Phng php khai thc thin bc p t ph khong 1 khai thc trc tip vo
thn qung c chiu di trung bnh khong 4-5 sau qung c chuyn v c
tuyn Khi khai thc th khai thc bng phng php cun chiu tng khong khi Ti
khu vc c tuyn th c tuyn nh n gin dng nc sch t st b quanh
qung b nc phun xt nh v qung th cc cht ti r ra Qung c a v h
thng y sng tuyn
i vi qung c kch thc n trn 200 a v y p p nt ra Hin nay
ti y ch c nhi v khai thc v tuyn qung cn ch bin do nh y khc TP
HM thc hin

Hot ng khai thc din ra u n tr trng hp thi tit qu xu b nh hng ca
bo trong khon vi ngy hoc do u ra ca th trng tiu th cn phi ngng sn
xut Nu tri a ch gy cht kh khn trong vic vn chuyn khng nh hng n
n qu trnh khai thc
2.1.5 PHG PHP L HT THI V V I TRG
2.1.5.1 PHG PHP L HT THI
Hnh 23: S KHI KHI TH UXT
NUC THI RA MI TRUNG

N
V
I

TINH



HCM

N
G


14

H x nc bn thi: sau khi c tuyn
t ng n 55 bn s i theo knh dn
vo thi h y s dng vi cht tr
ng Tt c cc oi cn cht rn ng
ng xung h
Thc hin hon th trng cy phc hi i
trng: c p t v khai thc i vo
p t khai thc i ri ban ra trng cy
i y dng phc hi i trng cy
keo tai tng v oi cy ny khng kn t tc pht trin cao to nn th thc
vt xanh ti tt Sau 6 thng hon nguyn i trng t c phc hi
Trong qu trnh vn chuyn vo a nng pht sinh bi kh nhiu nn s dng xe
phun nc ti c ngy thng xuyn in tc t sng cho ti chiu ti oi tr
nh hng bi
n thi ch c th hon th ri n p t th i c th trng cy Ngoi ra bn
thi c th dng trn vi t s cht ph gia tri nn ng nng thn nhng
bn ca ng khng cao nn khng pht trin.
2.1.5.2 V I TRG
c bauxt Vit Na u hnh thnh
khu vc rng u ngun rng phng h
Khi khai thc phi bc ton b p th
ph thc vt n su 1-1.5 m. Nh vy,
khu vc ny tr thnh t trng che ph
v rng gi. Vo a a nguy c
xi n tng nguy c gy n cho vng
h u tng hn hn trong a kh tng ht
sc nguy hi h nc c nc
ng cng b nh hng ng k
Hnh 25:Th thc vt ti
auxt
Hnh 24: h cha bn thi


15

Lp bn di h cha c th c hon th nu chn lp ri ph n t lp t
mng sau trng cy. Nu ng bn ny c iu kin c bo ho nc v lp
t mng v thm thc vt tha tht bn trn th nguy c gy ra trt l t qut
ti khu vc khai thc rt ln Ngc li nu thi tit kh, lc lin kt gia cc
ht bn kh nh vi nhau khng cao do nguy c st l cng ln.
Lng nc dng ra qung cng rt ln (5 m
3
nc/1 tn qung) tng
ng nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut v c th gy thiu nc trong khu vc
nh hng ti i sng ngi dn v s pht trin ca cc nghnh khc.
Vic xy dng cc h cha bn cng cha ng mt nguy c ri ro rt ln y
vng i ni cao thng ngun ca h thng sng ng Nai, mt khi cng tc
k thut v qun khng m bo th nguy c e da n nhng vng gip ranh l
rt ln (Ninh Thun, Bnh Thun ng Nai ) Nu ng bn chy vo h thng
sng, sui s lm gim cht ng nc ca h thng sng sui, h cha cp nc
sinh hot, v h thng thy in trong khu vc v cc tnh pha di
2.1.6 H GI HT LG HI QU T VI R QUG
Nc bn thi di chuyn t u n cui theo chiu di a hnh n khi nc trong th
ra n i trng Khi ra n i trng th nc trong.
2.1.7 HI PH H I TRG
hi 20 trong kt cu gi thnh Ngoi hot ng x nghip t hot ng x i
trng th phi np ph i trng i vi 1 tn qung tinh phi ng cho ngn sch
46620 VND. Trung bnh 1 n np 5 t cho phc hi i trng cho 5 ngn tn qung
2.1.8 T LU
Vic khai thc bauxt hin nay t vn kh nhy c in quan n kinh t ti
nguyn i trng dn c x hi c bit hin ti vn i trng ti khu vc
khai thc nh hng n khng ch trong khu vc khai thc cn nhiu ni Vic t
p ph thc vt cho h sinh thi ngho nn (ch yu keo tai tng) khai thc
qung cho t ai thoi ha suy gi ngun nc ng do t p ph thc vt
v s dng trong qu trnh tuyn qung Hin tng bn thi cn c th gy nh hng
n n i trng


16

2.2 I H ST 3 HU V U I IH
Thi gian kho st: 16h-17h Th hai 18/7/2011
Ta kho st: (1139'76"N;10818'46,84"E)
iu kin: t nhiu y gi n
2.2.1 GII THIU
u bc qua sng a Nhi trn quc 20
thuc a bn ranh gii gia hai x Ninh Gia
v Ph Hi huyn c Trng tnh L ng
2.2.2 HH -
Th sng c dng x thc tch t Hnh
thi ca th sng ta vo nhau c trng cho
cc sng hay dch chuyn ng theo phng
ngang y th tch t c cc th tr n ta n th c Th c hnh thnh
t t phn vt iu tch t v t phn t gc cng
Th tch t hnh thnh t vt iu tch t nh cui si ct bt stc ngun gc
in h ch yu ti tc dng tch t ca sng Sng tch t vt iu to thnh bi bi
thi k gi nua ca sng v sng tr i hot ng nng kin to nh sng
khot su xung bi bi v to ra bc th I v II.
Th x thc cu to hon ton t
gc cng v c ngun gc in h ch
yu ti tc dng x thc ca sng
Nc x vo b pha sn v bo
n sn to ra t b t n
ngang ca th Hot ng kin to
nng nh tng dc ca sng
nc sng chy nh khot su xung
gc h thp c nc to ra bc
th 4 v 5.
Hnh 27 Ton cnh bc thm sng Cu
i Ninh
Hnh 2.6: Khu vc u i Ninh


17

Th bc 3 hnh thnh do sng tch t vt iu trn nn gc to ra bi bi v hot
ng nng kin to tng dc ca sng sng khot su xung c gc to ra
bc th.
Nh t ph sa c hnh thnh do s bi ng ca sng sui tnh cht t thay i
ph thuc vo sn ph phong ho ca u cht to thnh t vng thng ngun
ca u vc thi gian v iu kin bi ng G cc n v t chnh t ph sa
c bi hng n (Pb) t ph sa cha phn
ha phu din (P) t ph sa c tng oang
vng (Pf) v t ph sa gey (Pg).
a hnh i ni thp n trung bnh g cc
i hoc ni c dc nh hn 20
0
Trn dng
a hnh ny ty theo dy tng t v iu
kin ti tiu c th b tr cc oi cy cng
nghip u n nh ch c ph iu v cy
n qu nhng khu vc t dc c th b tr
trng hoa u v cy cng nghip hng n.
2.2.3 HT
H tng La Ng (J
2
ln): c b bin cht tip xc do nh hng ca cc khi x
nhp tr gy nn H tng La Ng g cc phin st x s phong ha x vng
i ch c u x en do cha nhiu vt cht hu c
2.2.4 H HU
Kh hu nhit i gi a Nhng do cao trn 900m, kh hu c nhng nt c
o: nhit trung bnh thp n ha bin dao ng nhit ngy n nng
nhiu khng kh thp a kh iu ha gia cc thng trong a a ring
thng 8 ng a gi v c cc t hn ngn Ma kh ko di t thng 12 4.
2.2.5 H TH V
H thng sng a Nhi bao g sng chnh sng a Nhi v 2 nhnh a Ta a
Queyon Mt sng sui kh dy( 052-1,1km/km
2
) u ng dng chy kh (trung
bnh dao ng t 23-28 lt/s/km
2
) c s phn ha theo a a a chi ti 80
Hnh 28 Trng ng ti bc thm
ph sa sng


18

tng ng nc n a kh ch cn 20 Lu ng dng chy a kit rt thp
(t 025-9,1 lt/s/km
2
) kit nht vo thng 3 s dng ngun nc t cho sn xut
cn phi tp trung xy dng cc h cha Nu ch gi c 30 ng nc trong a
a th c th nc ti cho ton b din tch t nng nghip ca huyn c
Trng
2.2.6 GII THIU H TH I I IH
H thy in i Ninh n a bn x
Ninh Gia huyn c Trng (L ng) c
din tch khong 4000 ha cao trnh nc c
t nh ti 8795 H thy in ny cung
cp thy c chy hai t y ha i in
quc gia
Kt ni ngun nc gia sng a Nhim v
sng a Queyon h cha nc thy in
i Ninh c din tch hng nc 1156 k
2

c hnh thnh qua 2 p chnh cao gn 60
t 4 p ph hai p trn s c v t knh ni thng gia hai h dn nc t sng
ng Nai thuc tnh L ng to thnh h cha vi tng dung tch 360 triu
3
nc
ti cao trnh c nc dng bnh thng 8795 Nc t h cha a Nhi v a
Queyon s c dn v Nh y Thy in i Ninh qua t ng h p c di
112 k xuyn trong ng ni v ng ng thp p c di 18 k ng knh 32
t vi u ng nc thit k qua tt c cc tua bin 55
3
/giy phc v cho hai t
y pht in tng cng sut p t 300 MW (i t y 150 MW) cung cp sn
ng in hng n 12 t kWh
2.2.7 H T
Nhn bit c cc th sng vt iu tr tch Th thc vt ti y ch yu nhn
to nh cc cy bp c ph chui

Hnh 29: p ca h cha thy in
i Ninh


19

2.3 I H ST 4: LANG BIANG
Thi i: 8h sng th 3 ngy 19/7/2011
Ta nh ni (12
0
157; 108
0
24473

), h = 1927.
iu kin thi tit: thi tit p, thun li cho vic leo ni.
2.3.1 V TR L
Langbiang cch thnh ph Lt 12km thuc huyn Lc Dng tnh L ng
2.3.2 HH
- Lanbiang g 2 nh: Radar (cao 1900) v Langbiang (2169) sn kh dc (c
on 40 45). Ti nh Radar quan st c dng sng un khc trc khi ni vo
h an Kia
- Vi iu kin nh Langbiang, qu trnh
tch y st, nhm s khng to m. Tng
di c u tng i ng nht t trn
xung di Do dc a hnh, cc vt
liu th s b ra tri, ch yu l Silic. Qu
trnh ny gi l qu trnh Sialite. Chnh qu
trnh ny hnh thnh nn t loi t
tng i c bit cho vng ni cao.
t tch mn Sialite ni cao.
2.3.3 H HU
C kh hu quanh n t tng i trung bnh n khu vc Lt dao
ng t 77 n 91%.Tng ng bc thot hi nc ti tng trung bnh hng n
trong vng t 1056 mm, tc 3,5mm/ngy. Nhit trung bnh hng n khong
18.2
0
C. Ch a ang tnh cht xch o ng a trung bnh t 1800
Hng gi thay i theo a T thng 5-9 gi c hng ty ty na ch yu t
thng 10-4 hng gi ng ng na ch yu
2.3.4 TH V
Hnh 210 Hin tng ra tri ti
nh Lang iang


20

Nhn t trn nh nhn xung th ta thy H
Dan Kia H nguyn thung ng x thc
sau c chn i y nc V Lt
hi nc ng nn cn to cc h nhn to
s dng nc cp cho TP hoc cho
ti tiu v cc hot ng khc Dng chy
vo h khi v pha gn h th un khc rt
p
2.3.5 SIH VT
H ng thc vt thay i theo cao do ch
nhit ch yu thch hp vi vng kh hu
nh H sinh thi ti nh kho st rng
tha thun oi ki
Thc vt: thuc ngnh ht trn g cc h
thng, ki giao nh tng a tngth
c kh t n nn t khng tt h thc
vt sng cng thng rt ngho nn ch yu
ngi hoa
ng vt: c nhiu oi c hu hp nh
chim Mi Langbiang, khu u en, khu s s ng oi qu hi chi hn
2/3 so oi qu hi trong ton vng.
2.3.6 H H S B G T B V I TRG H
QUAN
Hot ng du ch xy dng ng nha xuyn rng thay i cnh quan,
phn nh chia ct sinh cnh ting n do khch du ch khin cho cc oi ng
vt nh phi di chuyn n khu vc khc
Xi n thay i cu trc t ko theo nhim ngun nc.
Hot ng du ch tng ng cht thi.
Hnh 212: Rng thng ti Lang Biang
Hnh 211: Mt phn H Dan Kia v
dng chy nhn t nh Lang Biang


21

Khai thc cc oi sinh cnh nh phong an cc cy thuc oi quyn
khng c ki sot
Thay th rng bn a bng rng thun oi khin cho a dng sinh hc gi
Cc gii php:
Trng th nhng oi cy u n nh to th che ph cho t to ph cho
t.
Thay i oi hnh du ch nh gi s phn ha sinh thi bng cch thc hin eo
ni theo on
o i trng khng b nhi do cc oi hnh du ch.
o tn cc ng vt ang c nguy c tuyt chng.
Tuyn truyn gio dc thc ngi dn xung quanh cng nhau bo v rng
2.3.7 H T
Nhit thay i theo cao cng n cao nhit cng gi khng kh t a
hnh dc nn hin tng ra tri xi n din ra nh Th thc vt thay i t thp
n cao cng n cao ca thc vt cng nh s a dng oi gi Vic xy dng
ng nha thun tin cho du ch nhng chia ct i trng sng ca nhiu oi ng
vt n Lng khch du ch n tng ng rc thi cn tng cng cng tc v
sinh.


22

2.4 I H ST 5: PH VI SIH H HIT I
Thi i: 15h ngy 19/7/2011
iu kin: thi tit t
2.4.1 GII THIU
Phn Vin Sinh hc nm trn nh
i Tng Lm cao 1.548m, gia khu
rng thng cch trung tm thnh
ph Lt gn 10k trn ng i
Sui Vng. Phn Vin Sinh hc c chc
nng nghin cu ho hc, nghin cu vi
sinh, nghin cu thc vt v cng ngh
sinh hc nui cy m...Ngoi ra, Phn
Vin Sinh hc cn hot ng nh t bo tng nhm gii thiu nhng oi c hu ti
Ty Nguyn v L ng gm bo tng ng vt v vn thc vt phc v tham quan
v du lch.
2.4.2 TH G VI
Vin c b su tp hoa an phong ph c trnh by trong h thng gin g vi chng
900 chu a lan ni ngoi, 1300 gi, chu, bng phong lan cc loi cng vi nhiu oi
thc vt khc
Phn Vin Sinh hc hin ang ch sc gi gn ngun gen ca gn 200 loi lan rng
khc nhau nh ngun d phng cho pht trin kinh t a phng ai sau Nhng loi
ny c tm thy cc rng L ng v vng ph cn m trong s ni bt cc
tn nh: Thanh an Thanh m, Tuyt ngc...l nhng ging loi qu him, hoc nh
Hi c xp vo nhng loi p nht th gii.
Hnh 213 Vin Sinh Hc Nhit i


23

B su tp ng vt Ty Nguyn v
ca c nc c trng by ti 7 phng gm 378 mu th ca 58 loi, 242 mu chim
ca 94 loi, 42 mu ng th b st ca 32 loi, 36 mu th nui nh ca 22 loi v
hn 200 hp mu ca cc oi cn trng c sp xp theo tng loi, lp, b, h i t
ng vt pht trin cp thp n cp cao, t ng vt bin nh: san h cua c; loi
ng th nh trn rn; ng vt nui nh g vt, b, cu; lp cn trng; lp chim; lp
th ri n loi vt c no b pht trin bc cao gn vi con ngi nh h kh, hu
hay inh trng...


Hnh 217: su tp San H
Hnh 216: su tp n
Trng
Hnh 215: Lan ti vin sinh hc nhit i Hnh 214 Lan ui h


24

Mt danh sch cng c Bo tng gii thiu, t cc oi ang nguy cp (ang b e
do tuyt chng) nh Gu nga, Mang ln, Cy vn bc Vn m hung, Sc bay sao,
Si , Cy Ging sc, Gu ch, H o hoa ai n cc loi s nguy cp ( c th b
e do tuyt chng) nh Sn dng y mc, Mo gm, Bo gm, Beo la, Ri c
vut, K nc, Vc v chn en Lng ln...
2.4.3 GII THIU T S LI
2.4.3.1 H
c i phn bit chiu di ui bng hoc di hn
chiu di thn Thng ng vt nh i
thng sng trn cy nhn rng Thch sng
cc cnh rng, savan, vng ni t bit rng a
nhit i nc ta nht Ty Nguyn c rt nhiu. Sinh
sn t n 1-2 a ang bu 60-81 ngy L ng
vt n tp n thc vt r cy c oi n cn trng n
tht. t bit c oi vy c thc n a thch c
ph nn c oi t sn c ph cc chn y t
oi nh gi nguy cp y t trong ngun cung
cp x c cy c v ci u tit i rt nng i tuyn quanh hu n Thu go
cht tit ny h u tng hp trong nghnh nc hoa nhng hin nay d hn ch
do v chyn sang h u tng hp v y ngun nay rt hn ch t tin
Hnh 218: su tp b Hnh 217: G nh
Hnh 219: y vn bc


25

cc oi nh cy c cy hng cy dng sp cy tai trng oi vng ty
nguyn ny hu nh u n trong sch vit na
2.4.3.2 B m vut
gc chn: h tru b, n ,hu x hu nai
guc : t gic, nga
ng vut trong t nhin cung cp t ngun protein ng vt rt n
H tru b: sng rng gng in vi khi s nu nh gy sng t n trong i th
s khng c i tuyn tiu gi c c ci u c sng con c v con ci
u c sng
H hu nai: sng c khng gng in vi
hp s v vy c s thay sng hng n sau
t n sng rng ng dng nui hi nai
y nhung, n khong 20c th dinh
dng cu k cao
H t gic: sng dng si li ti, cu to nh
ng tay va tc Thc n chi non sinh
sn trong iu kin cc thun chu tnh sinh
sn khong 2-3 na sinh t n t gic Java hin nay rt t c t thy vng
t Lc o Lc tuy nhin s ng hin nay cn rt t v rt kh nhn ging
2.4.4 H T
Nhn thy s a dng ca cc oi ng thc vt Qua vic quan st cc i hnh v
c gii thiu v c i tp tnh nhiu oi ng vt, cc oi t hu Ty
Nguyn v c bit t s oi c nguy c b tuyt chng

Hnh 219: Hu Vng v Hu Sao


26

2.5 I H ST : H U HG
Thi gian: 19h th 3 ngy 19/7/2011
iu kin: tri ti nh
2.5.1 GII THIU CHUNG V H U HG (HH)
HXH rng 38ha c su trung bnh 1,5m, n ngay trung t TP Lt cao
1477 u vc ca h 26,5km
2
. N trong khong11
0
56 n 12
0
00N v 108
0
26 n
108
0
30E
T xa h Xun Hng c chc nng ni tch nc nhm cung cp nc sinh hot
cho thnh ph nhng do cht ng nc h khng p ng tiu chun nn hin nay
ngun nc ca h c s dng cho vic ti sn golf vi din tch ti l 50 ha.
Ngoi ra, H Xun Hng cn c tc dng to cnh quan y a im du lch ni
ting ca cc du khch khi t chn n Lt c B Vn Ho Thng Tin cng
nhn l thng cnh cp quc gia.
2.5.2 TIU VG H HU LT
Lt vn c mt kh hu min ni n ha v du t quanh n Lt c hai ma
r rt: a a v a kh
Nhit trung bnh n Lt l 17,9C, bin nhit ngy Lt rt
ln trung bnh n t 11C, tng s gi nng trong n khong 2.258 gi mt n.
Ma a Lt thng bt u vo cui thng 4 u thng 5 v kt thc vo
khong cui thng 10 u thng 11. Lng a trung bnh n1.739 mm. Lt
cn c mt hin tng thi tit ng ch khc sng trung hnh 80 n 85
ngy trong mt n.
2.5.3 CC HOT NG KINH T - X HI HXH QUA KHO ST
Bng tng kt thng qua hot ng pht phiu iu tra thu thp thng tin v
ngun thi v hin trng i trng HXH






27




Vn p vin
( s ng : 5)
tui 30 - 60 2
>60 3
Thi gian sng >45 n 5
Cu hi
Cu tr li S phiu Phn
tr
Rc thi ch yu
HXH
1. rc hu c 3 60%
2 rc v c 5 100%
Ngun gy nhim
chnh
1/ Hot ng du lch 2 40%
2/ nng nghip 3 60%
3/ nh hng, khch sn 3 60%
4/ sinh hot 1 20%
5/ khc: sn golf, ch quanh HXH 2 40%
Nhn xt v mi
1/ bnh thng 1 20%
2/ hi hi 1 20%
3/ rt hi 3 60%
Giai on nhim
nht
1/ cch y vi n (khong 10 n) 5 100%
2/ hin ti 0 00%
Cc hot ng ca
chnh quyn a
phng
1/ no vt h 5 100%
2/ thay nc trong h 1 20%
3/ thu gm rc quanh h 1 20%
4/ b tng b h 1 20%

Mt s kin ca ngi dn:
3. Chnh quyn a phng cha x l kp thi nhng ni xy ra nhim
4. HXH nhng n sau khi thng nht (1975) c th dng cho nhiu mc ch
sinh hot (tm, git v nc ung)


28

5. Vi n tr li y cht ng nc trong h c ci thin nhiu nh cc
bin php x l a phng (b
tng ha b h thay nc, no vt
h,...).
Mt s kin ng gp ci thin cht ng
nc trong HXH:
1. t nhiu thng rc hn xung quanh
HXH.
2. Pht nng nhng ngi thiu thc.
3. C nh bt thy sn trn HXH.
4. Tuyn truyn, nng cao thc ngi dn v khch du lch.
2.5.4 H GI, T LUN
Do nh hng ca cc hot ng sinh hot v kinh t (nng nghip, nh hng, khch
sn, sn goft, khch du lch) cht ng nc trong h ngy cng i xung c bit
l vo khong 10 n trc.
Nhng n gn y cht ng nc trong h ngy cng c ci thin nh nhng
hot ng qun l h ca chnh quyn a phng (b tng ha b h, no vt h, thu
gom rc quanh h thay nc nh k)
Ngy nay, HXH vn l h nhn to va ni ting va p v sch Lt L ng.
l mt im dng chn khng th b qua khi du khch gn xa n Lt

Hnh 220: Rc thi x xung h


29

2.6 IM KHO ST 7: G T P C SUI VNG
Thi gian kho st: 8h 10h Th t 20/7/2011
Ta : (12
0
029N; 108
0
2525E)
iu kin thi tit: Tri mt, khng nng.
2.6.1 GII THIU
Cng trnh cp nc sch an Kia c khi
cng xy dng t n 1980 v hon thnh vo
n 1984
Vi cng ngh v trang thit b hin i do an
Mch ti tr, nh my ny x nc t t
h an Kia Sau b nc sch n b
cha i Tng L c dung tch 5.000m
3
v
t n cc b cha c sn ca thnh ph
Cng sut ca nh my l 25000-
26000m
3
/ngy. Nc sch c cung cp cho khong 2/3 dn s ca TP ny.
H an Kia c din tch u vc 245 ha, sc cha 21 triu
3
. Mc nc cao nht
l 1421,80 m so vi mc nc bin, mc nc thp nht l 1413,80m
2.6.2 G TRH P SH I
- ng trnh cp nc sch an Kia bao g:
Tr b cp 1(5 y b) tr b cp
2 (6 y b) ng h nc th ng h
nc sch h thng van gi p 1 tr bin
p v 1 ng ng chuyn ti nc th gia
tr b nc th n nh y x
- Nh y x nc sch vi cng sut
25.000m
3
/ngy t ti v tr gn b h g:
b trn v phn phi 3 b ng gia tc 6 b
c nhanh ph thng (c h) c i che 1 b cha nc sch 3000
3
tr b
nc sch vi 6 t y v t tr bin p;
Hnh 222: H Dan Kia
Hnh 221: ng ty cp thot nc
Sui Vng


30

- ng ng chuyn ti nc sch di 7200 t tr b nc sch n b cha
Tng Lm
- cha nc sch t ti i Tng L vi cao trnh y b 1560
- ng ng chuyn ti t b cha Tng L v thnh ph Lt g 2 tip theo
phn thnh 2 nhnh: nhnh 1 g 54k phn tip thnh 2 nhnh (cp nc cho
cc b Hng Vng Gouga v Dinh 1) v nhnh 2 g 1k v 2k (cp nc
cho cc b Resiaire v aypso)
2.6.3 QU TRH HT G
ha
5000 m3
Mng i
phn phi
nc thnh
ph
Nh
Ha
cht
ng
h
nc
th
Tr
bom
cp I
ha
trn
nc
ng
gia tc
ha
trn
sau
Nh c
ng
thi
cha
3000 m3
Tr
bom
cp II
ng
h
nc
sch
Van
gi
p
S TRU G GH L H I
Vi
Clo
Phn
Vi
Clo
H DanKia


u tin nc t h Dan Kia c a vo h thng tr b cp I qua 5 y b
(3 b hot ng 2 b d phng, mi my c cng sut 450m
3
/h) v ng truyn
ti t di ng t; qua ng h nc xc nh ng nc th u vo.
Sau nc s c a n b ha trn v phn phi trc (b c chc nng ha
trn cc ha cht v phn phi u ng nc cho ba b lng), ti b ny nc
c chm ha cht gm c: Phn, vi v Clo vi liu ng thch hp.
Nc t b ha trn v phn phi trc c phn phi u qua 3 b lng gia tc
acceator Di tc dng my khoy trn th qu trnh keo t to bng s xy ra b
Hnh 2.23 s dy chuyn cng ngh x nc nh y Dan Kia


31

lng v nc trn qua ng c rng ca Nc t b lng c a vo b ha trn
v phn phi sau. Thng thng b ha trn v phn phi trc c thit k xy
dng lin k b ha trn v phn ph sau. Ti b ha trn v phn phi sau ny li
tip tc chm vi, Clo.
Sau nc c a v nh lc v phn phi u v cc b lc nhanh. Nh lc l
ni c cha 6 b lc nhanh, mi bn l 3 b lc. Quy trnh x nc c th xem l
kt thc y bi v nc qua x c ny nc sch.
Nc sch ny c a v b cha 3.000m
3
c h thng tr b cp 2 a
qua ng h nc sch, van gim p ri tip tc a ra b cha i cha Tng
Lm c sc cha l 5.000m
3
v cui cng theo h thng ng dn nc phn phi
cho mng i cp nc ton thnh ph.
Bn thi v nc thi trong sut cc qu trnh x nc ti b lng bn v b lc
nhanh c a v b lng thi. Sau khi x l lng s b s tr li h Dan Kia.
2.6.3.1 S , NGUYN L HOT NG CA B LNG ACCELATOR
S nguyn l hot ng b lng Accelator
B lng accelator c mt my khoy rt ln gia b. Lc khoy ca my to nn mt
s chuyn ng vng quanh ca nc con ng i ny hnh thnh t lp gi l lp
mng bng cn. V vy acceator c xp vo loi b lng c lp cn ng.
Nguyn l hot ng:


32

Ht st to nn c ca nc. Khi kt
hp vi ion nhm trong phn nhm th
hnh thnh nn bng cn. Nhng bng cn
nh kt dnh vi nhau to thnh bng cn
ln hn Khi bng cn c trng lc ln
th n lng xung y b to thnh lp bn
cn, khi lp bn cn ny dy ln, th tin
hnh ht bn b lng hot ng tt. Qu
trnh hnh thnh bng cn nh vy gi l
qu trnh keo t to bng.
u tin nc th vo t ng s 1(nc t b phn phi trc qua) Nc t b ha
trn v phn phi trc c chm phn v chm vi. Tip theo, n vng s 2
gi vng s cp. Ti y di lc xoy ca my to nn ht bng cn ln, nhng ht
ny c kch thc ln nn lng xung di b v hnh thnh lp bn rt dy v c.
Nhng ht bng cn nh khng c kh nng ng s tip tc kt dnh hnh thnh ht
ln hn Theo ng i ca nc chng s tro ra ngoi ra vng s 5(vng lng). Khi
Hnh 225: Lng cceator
Hnh 224: s nguyn hot ng ca Lng cceator


33

n kch thc th s lng xung, ht nh khng lng c th tro ln trn v gi li
lp cn ng, hnh thnh lp mng bng cn gip ta tit kim ha cht Nc sau
qu trnh lng tro qua ng rng ca v c a v b ha trn v phn phi sau
2.6.3.2 S , NGUYN L HOT NG B LC
S u t g c
B lc c cu to l mt b lc nhanh,
pha di c cc lp vt liu lc: ct lc
(ct thch anh) pha di l vt liu l
si v di cng l cc lp ct c sp
xp vi kch c cc ht khc nhau, chiu
cao lp vt liu lc l 1,1 m c din tch
45m
2
. C cc h thng nc vo, ra, cc
mt lc bo ng mc nc trong b
lc,nu nh t lc qu cao th chng t b lc y c nc khng tt. H thng
nc u vo t trn b lc cho nc xung, cn h thng nc ra t y b
Nu hot ng:
Hnh 227 c
Hnh 226 S nguyn hot ng: b c


34

Theo nguyn tc trng lc. Nhng cht cn m qua khi b lng s c gi li ti b
lc bi mt lp vt liu lc Nc c phn phi u ln b mt qua h thng s 6
(ng phun nc vo t gia b lc) phun u nc ln b lc. Cn theo nguyn tc
trng lc s lng xung y b v b cn bi lp ct Di y b c t h thng
ng nc ra s 9 l ng dn nc ra sau qu trnh lc.Ngoi ra b lc cn c cc h
thng s 7(thi kh), s 8(ng ra lc
ngc).
H thng u d cm ng bao gm 5 con
mt lc c t nhng cao khc
nhau kim tra hot ng ca b lc.
Nc dng ln con mt lc ngn nht
ngha c nc ca b ny l cao nht.
Nguyn nhn chnh dn n mc nc
dng cao l do vn tc lc ch c ngha
l b ny hot ng k i 2 do
lm vn tc lc ca b k i :
o Qu trnh lm vic nhiu khin lp cn ng nhiu trn b mt vt liu lc iu
ny cn tr s thm ca nc qua vt liu lc.
o Do van a nc ra khng c m ht c dn n kh nng rt nc khng .
Nh vy cng khng m bo cho vn tc lc.
Ch : Khi chng ta kim tra, nu van ny vn m bnh thng, m mc nc vn
dng n cao nc ny i mu so vi b khc th c ngha l c nhiu cht bn hn
Khi khng nh l vt liu lc b cn lng che ph th ta cn thc hin ra lc.
Nguyn tc ra lc: da vo lc nc v khng kh xi tung lp ct n y cn lc
ra ngoi. Bn cnh b lc c b tr hai mng ra ngc phc v cho vic ra lc.
2.6.3.3 B LNG THI
B lng thi l mt b lng ngang. B cha thi l b cha cht cn ca qu trnh ra
ngc b lc v bn thi ca b lng Nc thi sau khi a v y thc hin qu
Hnh 228 ra ngc vi 5 con t c


35

trnh lng. Phn nc c x s b v
a tr li h. Phn bn cn s c mt b phn chuyn trch vic x l.
2.6.4 H T
Thng qua vic t hiu cc quy trnh cc h thng c nc TP vn ngun ti nguyn
nc ng khng di do nn vic dn nc v to ra ngun nc sch s dng
rt cn thit Vic xy dng h cha nc nh y cp thot nc v cng quan trng
Hn na vic ki sot i trng tng i tt khng nh n cht ng i
trng xung quanh

Hnh 229 ng thi
Hnh 230 Nc sch s dng


36

2.7 I H ST NH MY X L C THI LT
Thi i: 14h chiu th 4 ngy 20/7/2011
Ta : (1157'6"N; 10825'16"E)
iu kin: tri nng trong xanh
2.7.1 GII THIU CHUNG
Lt ni u tin Vit Nam, xy dng h thng thu gom, x nc thi sinh
hot. D n v sinh Lt hp tc gia hai chnh ph Vit Na v an Mch c
trin khai t n 2003 vi tng s vn u t 321 t ng. Nh y i vo hot ng
t thng 12 2005.
Nh y x nc thi c thit k vi cng sut 7500
3
/ngy c xy
dng vi din tch 75ha ti h u sui Cam Ly-cui ng Ki ng Thng qua h
thng tuyn cng thu go: t chy 7 tr b nng nh a hnh dc Ti y nc
thi c x bng cng ngh x c hc v sinh hc trc khi x ra h u sui
Cam Ly. H thng cng nc thi c xy dng i tch bit vi h thng thot
nc c sn chiu di khong 43k Tr b chnh vi cng sut 500
3
/gi
Tuyn ng p c chuyn ti nc thi t tr b chnh v nh y x nc thi
c chiu di 22k
2.7.2 S QU TRH L


37

Nh y bao g nhng hng c chnh nh sau: h thng chn rc g cc i
th 60 v n 4 y cun v p rc t ng; b ng ct g 3 ngn kch
thc chung 194 x 35 x 15; 2 b ng hai v vi kch thc i b: 258 x
74 x 1105; 2 b c sinh hc nh git vi ng knh i b 22 chiu cao
595; 2 b ng th cp vi ng knh i b 31 chiu cao 25; tr b tun
hon vi kch thc: 98 x 45 x 53; 3 h sinh hc v kh trng vi din tch 25
ha; 2 sn phi bn c i che din tch 4000
2
g 20 kch thc i : 34,2m x
64; h thng ng ng k thut ng knh t 150 n 700; y pht in d
phng cng sut 60 kV v tr bin p 160 kV; phng iu hnh; vn phng
vic v xng
2.7.3 QU TRH V H HOT NG
2.7.3.1 H THG LI CHN RC
Li chn c tc dng oi b cc cht khng tan (que giy gi ti niong) v t
phn cc dng keo trong nc thi ng thi bo v h thng b van ng ng
v cc cng trnh pha sau.
Q

5



t

n
h

u

h

n
h

S

c

n
h

g
i
o
t

S
C
R

B

n
g


c

t

Ton b
Ing bn
c
ra
c vo

Q2 Bn
hot tnh
Q3 Nc tch bn

ng h u ng
Tr b
QMPS
B

I
m
h
o
f
f

B

n
g

c

p

2

Hnh 231 s quy trnh x nc thi


38

u to:
- Ngn i chn
- Li chn rc: chn i cc oi rc th n d
co dn bng tay
- My cun rc bc thang: vn hnh bng c oi
b cc phn t nh hn khng phn hu c
ra khi nc thi, bo v vt liu lc sinh hc
khng b d bn. Vic khi ng v dng i
chn rc bc cp c iu khin theo thi
gian bi mt thit b cm bin mc nc trong
ng i chn rc. Khi rc ng nhiu trn i bc thang, mc nc dng cao,
cm bin s bo ng v truyn tn hiu n i bc thang i bc thang t khi
ng thu rc v chuyn n mt bng chuyn (vt ti) hnh xon c. Ti y rc
c tch nc v a n thng cha.
- Li chn rc n: c co bng tay c
s dng khi y cun rc bc thang ngng
hot ng
2.7.3.2 B IHFF (B L V)
Loi b cc tp cht ng cn i c 8
ngn ng Phn su nht 109 nh cao
hn t t 1
2.7.3.3 B LG T
Loi b cc ht khng ha tan c vn tc ng
ch cao ng knh n hn 01; trnh s
i n gi s ng ng cc vt iu trong ng knh ng dngi s n
ra b phn hy cn
Ngn ng ct c xy dng dng h v bng btng vi chiu di 178 v chiu rng 1
/ng Ngn g c ba ng ng sn ct i ngn u c ca chn Vn hnh un
phin 2 ngn trong khi ngn th ba d phng.
Hnh 233 ihoff
Hnh 232 Thng ng rc th


39

2.7.3.4 B L SIH H TI (B L H GIT)
H thng x hiu kh s dng cc vi sinh vt
b vo i trng c v phn hy cc cht
hu c oi b cc cht hu c ra khi nc
thi
u to:
- H thng phn phi nc vi: h thng cn
dn ng t quay ng ng dn nc vo t
t b nh ng p khp quay hnh cu
a nc ra 4 ng nhnh t n ngang song
song vi bn knh b Trn ng nhnh lp vi phun nc xung mt b lc. p lc
ca cc vi nc bin thnh lc lm cho dn ng nhnh quay quanh trc.
- Vt iu c: khi nha pastic dng t ong
- Qut cp kh: cung cp y oxy cho qu trnh x hi kh; 2 cnh qut thi
kh y b cng sut 5000
3
/h.
Hot ng bng trng c v p c (to chuyn ng xoay) ca nc chy qua cc vi
cn phn phi nc phi un c gi bo s sng cho vi sinh vt
trn b c v tui th ca b
2.7.3.5 B LG TH P
Lng cn bn (ng vi sinh vt) c hnh thnh v bong trc trong qu trnh x
sinh hc hiu kh b c sinh hc cao ti trong nc thi trc khi x ra cc h
sinh hc hnh trn vi thit b gt bn vn hnh bng c y b v t b thu
go bn v vng bt Trung t ca b ng xy dng ng ng dn nc vo h
nc vo v h tp trung bn y b Mng nc thi c v tr st tng ca b ng
2.7.3.6 S PHI B
L kh bn c x ra t b ihoff
2 sn phi tng din tch 4000
2
i sn c 10 hnh ch nht i c 2 ngn
x bn c phn phi bi ng ng trn thnh i n di c h thng thu
nc tch bn
Hnh 234: B lc sinh hc cao
ti


40

n t b ihoff x xung qua h thng ng
ng phn phi ti ngn phi Nc tch bn s
th qua p ct y ngn phi chy theo
ng ng nhnh v ng trung t v chy v
h b bn b v u vo x i Sau
khi kh (28 ngy) c i v cui ngn v tip
tc x bn
2.7.3.7 H SIH H
L sch vi khun gy bnh v hu c trc
khi thi vo sui a Ly G 3 h in nhau
tng din tch t thong khong 22ha v
dung tch khong 40000
3
thi gian u i
khong 5 10 ngy. Mi h c xy dng
cng trnh h thng vo ra cng vi p trn
chng sng bng betong
Ti h sinh hc cn xy ra cc qu trnh song
song x l hiu kh, ty tin v k kh. H 1
c cung cp oxy nh 2 gung quay gn vo
t cng sut 2HP. Ngoi ra, h 2 v h 3 c th bo (lc bnh) gp phn x l
nit trc khi x ra sui Cam Ly.
2.7.4 H T
Tha quan hc tp ti nh y hiu c quy trnh x nc thi
Nh y sau khi i vo hot ng pht sinh t s vn v i cht thi cha
nhiu vi sinh vt gy bnh nn ngng hot ng

Hnh 236 H sinh hc

Hnh 235 sn phi bn


41

2.8 I H ST S 9: HI GIG L (L G)
Thi gian: 8h sng ngy 21/7/2011
iu kin: thi tit t khng nng
2.8.1 GII THIU
Tri c hi Giang Ly ch cch trung t
Lt chng 55 k n trn tnh
723 ni thnh ph Lt vi TP Nha
Trang.
Nhn thy iu kin t nhin ngun
nc c th thch hp cho c hi vn
sinh trng v pht trin n 2006
UND tnh L ng giao S Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn tnh phi hp vi Vin nghin cu nui trng thy sn I
v III trin khai n nui th nghi c nc nh trn a bn Thng 4/2006 t
nui c hi vn u tin c thc hin ti thn Kong Kanh x hi, huyn
Lc Dng
hi vn tn ting nh: Rainbow trout tn khoa hc: Oncorhynchus mykiss, c
ngun gc t vng bin Thi nh Dng khu vc c M c di nhp vo nui
nhiu nc chu u t nhng n 1890
Thnh phn dinh dng chnh trong 100 g tht c g 302 g cht rn 175 g protein
102 g cht bo 01 g ng ngoi ra cn cha nhiu axt bo omega-3 axt ny d ha
tan vitain D v nc ha tan vitain 12
ngoi t nhin khi cn nh c hi vn n u trng cn trng gip xc nh ng vt
ph du; khi trng thnh chng n gip xc (c trai) cn trng nc v c con
hi vn nui s dng thc n cng nghip dng vin
nh trn c hi g c bnh n trng: c trng ang thn c giai on
ging do iu kin ngun nc, do b
2.8.2 IU I UI .
iu kin nhit nc 19-20
o
C rt tt cho hi
Hnh 237 khu vc nui c hi


42

iu kin tt nht thng do ngun nc v thc n
Din tch trung bnh i h 400-500 m
3
. Mt thng thng 5-7 con/m
3

Thng PH >8 Trung bnh 3-5 ngy th v sinh ao 1 n i ao c t cc ing bt
u en gi nh sng trong ao
2.8.3 QUY TRH V H UI, HT LG I
TRG HU V UI .
c nui trong ao t bt vi ngun
nc sui nh u thng in tc c y t
rng gi.
Nc t nhin a v dn v 1 ao sau
dng trc tip cho cc ao nui c
Ngun nc y t sui t nhin. i cui
ao ta c 1 ng x y khi ao h d hoc
bn c th x y v sinh cht thi rong ru
hay t ct trong h V vy pha cc ao u
ngun nc c iu kin tt hnNgun
nc y t ao trn ri xung ao di tn
dng i ngun nc ngay t u h
thng ng thng qua ao ny ao kia.
2.8.4 QUY TRNH NUI
an u phi nhp trng v ri p trng n sau ging v cui cng a ra
h nui thng ph Hin nay L ng i ch thc hin c 2 cng on
ging v nui thng ph
Qu trnh nui t con ging th ra c h thng ph t 25 - 3 thng cho ra
t 25-40g/con nui t 25g-1kg th t khong 7 n 8 thng na trung bnh 1 quy trnh
nui 1 n cho ra c thng ph t 900g n 12kg
ui cc ao nui c c 1 h cha cha cht bn hoc phn c ng i khng x
(do cht thi ca c rt ong) ri a ra ngoi
Ging c hi phi nhp trng t nc ngoi v p ch yu Phn Lan c
Hnh 238 H thng ao nui cc hi


43

Cho n 7h 10h 17h i vi c hi thng ph cn c hi ging th c 2 ting cho
n 1 n
2.8.5 HG H H TRG VI UI HI
C hi vn i tng hon ton i cng ngh nui v a bn i nn vic nhn
rng v pht trin ging c ny trn a bn tnh cn nhiu vn cn phi nghin cu
c gii php thch hp:
+ Ngun thc n v con ging phi nhp ngoi nn gi thnh cao v khng ch ng
+ ha c quy hoch cho vic pht trin cc i tng c nc nh ti L ng
+ Vic xc tin gii thiu sn ph rng th trng pht trin cng ngh ch bin
nh to ra nhng sn ph c gi tr cao hn (c hi hun khi c phi )
+ Vn o to nhn c n chc k thut nui (kh phc tp) v vn u t c
s vt cht k thut kh cao.
+ Vn bo i trng sinh thi ti cc thy vc nui c
2.8.6 H T
Quan st hc tp t hiu th t hnh kinh t i T hiu h thng dn nc
cung cp nc cho nui trng c hi t hiu iu kin i trng sng ca c hi
Hin nay c h ang i hiu qu kinh t cao c th nhn rng pht trin kinh t cho
nhiu khu vc c iu kin thch hp nui trng
ui cc ao nui c c 1 h cha cha cht bn hoc phn c ng i khng x
(do cht thi ca c rt ong) ri a ra ngoi Khi nui vi hnh n th gian keo
di cht thi ca c cn phi c x trit trnh nhi i trng nc



44

2.9 I H ST 10: V QU GI BIUP- I B
Thi i kho st: 10h sng ngy 21/7/2011
Ta v tr kho st:
iu kin:
2.9.1 GII THIU
Vn quc gia (VQG) idoup t trong 4 trung t a dng sinh hc ca Vit Na
v 1 trong 28 trung t da dng sinh hc th gii.
Din tch vng i 7003845 ha trong : Phn khu bo v nghi ngt: 33582 ha;
Phn khu phc hi sinh thi: 22854 ha; Phn khu dch v hnh chnh: 7502 ha; Din
tch khc: 6.100,45 ha.
2.9.2 V TR L
Thuc a bn huyn Lc Dng v t phn huyn a Rng Tnh L ng
Kh hu: c trng nhit i gi a Ty nguyn ng bc x t tri cao a
nhiu vi a kh r rt tuy nhin a kh thc s ch ko di trong 2 thng (thng 1-
2) Qui ut phn ho nn nhit theo ai cao v hng phi chi phi iu kin kh
hu trong khu vc
Thu vn: thng ngun hai h thng u vc sng Krng-N ( v M Kng) v
sng a Nhi ( v ng Nai) Mng i thu vn khu vc rt pht trin vi t
sng sui dy phn b kh u trn ton b 2 u vc
2.9.3 I HT, TH HG, HH.
a cht: tng i ng nht ch yu h
maca axt Ngoi ra cn c bin cht
phin thch v vi.
Th nhng: c nhiu oi t nh t n
vng pht trin trn aca axt; t
n vng pht trin trn bin cht
phin; t n ait ni cao; t dc t; t ph
sa sng sui
Hnh 239 ti i kho st


45

a hnh: ang c trng ca ni trung bnh
hng ch o c Na ch ng Ty
Ni c dng khi tng vi s phn bc a
hnh khng r nt Mc chia ct su trung
bnh nhng chia ct ngang nh to nn cc
b t nh i gn sng Ti i
kho st Thung ng hp v dc h yu
hnh ch V y gn nh nh chia nc
t bn v L ng t bn Khnh
Ha Khong 8h sng hoc chiu 3-4 sng
dy c gy nguy hi cho giao thng
Hin tng a cht i trng: ch yu
trt t St rt nhiu nht nhng ni
b phong ha nhiu c t hoc st Vo
a a hin tng st t sy ra nhiu
nn thng k b tng bng nht
nhng ni v k betng thng c
thot nc t v phong ha nu khng c
ny s y c k i Vo a a cn th phi ch n trt
2.9.4 G SIH H
Loi thc vt: ho n nay ti Vn quc
gia Bidoup-Ni c 1468 oi bao
g H Lan (Orchidaceae): 250 oi H
Cc (Asteraceae): 78 oi; H u
(Fabaceae): 65 oi; H (Poaceae): 58
oi; h ph (Rubiaceae) 45 oi; H D
(Fagaceae): 41 oi;
Hnh 240 Thung ng ch V
Hnh 241 St trn ng qua
ni b
Hnh 241 Th thc vt ti i
kho st IDOUP


46

Loi ng vt: Tuy cha c s iu y v chnh xc nhng s b v s ng
oi xp theo th t nh sau: hn 398 oi trong 52 oi qu hi 36 xp vo
sch VN
V Th: ao g cc h: h y (Viverridae); h hut (Muridae); h Kh
(Cercopithecidae); h Mo (Feidae); h Sc cy (Sciuridae); h hn
(Musteidae); h Hu nai (ervidae); h Gu (Ursidae
V hi: c h Khu (Tiaiidae); h Tr (Phasianidae); h u cu (ucuidae);
h ho o (Pycnonotidae); c bit c nhng oi c hu hp nh: Mi
Langbian (rocius Langbianus) Khu u en (Garruax ieti) Khu
x (Garruax yersini) S thng hng vng (ardueis onguioti)
V st: h Rn nc (oubridae); h Nhng (gaidae); h Rn h
(Alapidae); h Tc k (Gekkonidae);
V ch Nhi: c cc h: h ch nhi (Ranidae); h Nhi bu (Microhya); h c
nh (ufonidae); h ch cy (Rhacophonidae)
2.9.5 THG
Thng c tn khoa hc Taxus Waichiana Zucc thuc h Taxaceae oi cy
qu hi c gi tr kinh t v khoa hc rt cao y thng sinh trng rt ch
phn b hp y thng 100 tui ng knh ngang thn 35c
L v v cy thng c h ng hot cht 10-D III sn xut Taxo nguyn
iu chnh iu ch thuc cha tr ung th nh: ung th bung trng ung th v, ung
th phi x hc tThng oi ch i gp L ng vi s cy c tnh
ch trn 250 cy Trong sch Vit Na 2007 thng c xp vo cp VU-oi s
nguy cp cn trong ngh nh 32/2006/N-CP ca chnh ph thng c xp vo
nhm IA nghi c khai thc s dng v c ch thng i
Hin nay t c t qun th thng rt n ti Lc Dng- L ng c
khong 150 cy vi chiu cao trung bnh 20 ng knh 47c Trong cy n
nht c chu vi o ti v tr cao 13 46 Ngoi ra an qun thu c nhiu


47

u cnh c ang nn ci v cc cy ti sinh phn b ri rc trong khu vc nng tng
din tch thng ti L ng n 118ha
Ngoi qun th ny trc iu tra kho st t qun th g 24 cy thng
n ti khu vc x Lt (huyn Lc Dng Hin nay thng c th nhn ging c.
Loi ny qu v chng ta cho th chit xut itrit vi gi th trng 15 triu USD/kg.
Thng Vit Na c h ng itrit cao gp 4 n so vi trung quc gp 40 n M
v 100 n so vi Mesico.
2.9.6 HI TR H V I TRG RG TI V QU GI
BIDOUP
Li ch ca chi tr i trng rng gp phn nng cao thu nhp ca ngi dn xa i
gi ngho p ng phn no nhu cu sn cho cng ng v cc cng trnh chung
ca cng ng nh g nh rng nh cng ng hi hp L sn c khai
thc t rng v s dng nhng khng nh hng n s pht trin ca ti nguyn
rng (s dng rng bn vng) i vi din tch rng v t rng chnh quyn a
phng giao cng ng c th tn dng khi rng cha khp tn hoc t trng cha
trng rng canh tc kt hp cy nng nghip c cc d n h tr vn sn xut
c hng i cc sn ph t rng do tit ki chi ph cho nh nc Nhiu
cng ng ang qun rng khng c s h tr ca nh nc v kinh ph nhng rng
vn c qun tt
2.9.7 H T
Rng quc gia idoup c s a dng sinh hc cao hn so vi Langbiang th thc vt
phong ph vi nhiu oi cy rng t trng S khc nhau v iu kin thi tit nh
nhit cao hn u trc a cht t phong ha Ngoi ra thng t oi t hu
rt c gi tr cn c bo v nghin cu nhn ging Vic chi tr dch v i
trng y ang gp phn bo v rng v nng cao i sng ngi dn a phng


48

3 HH H
3.1 I H ST S SNG CI
Thi gian 13h chiu ngy 21/7/2011
Ta : (12
0
172N; 108
0
5841 E)
iu kin: tri trong nng nng
3.1.1 GII THIU
Sng Ci (Nha Trang) bt ngun t vng
ni h Giao (M'Drk k Lk)
cao 900 chy theo hng ty bc -
ng na thng u v trung u i
hng gn ty - ng h u ra bin
ng ti vnh Nha Trang tnh Khnh
Ha di 79 k Din tch u vc 1904
km
2
cao trung bnh 548 dc trung
bnh 228 t sng sui 082 k/k
2
15 ph u vi chiu di trn 10 k
Tng ng nc c n 179 k
3
tng ng vi su dng chy 940 un
dng chy 298 /sk
2
Ma t thng 10 n thng 12 chi khong 73 ng
dng chy c n un a 240 /sk
2
Ma cn t thng 1 n thng 9 chi
khong 27 ng nc c n un dng chy a cn 10 - 18 l/s.km
2
.
3.1.2 HT THU V
Do a hnh gy ra t a n o Lc
ng hi t i n Lt nn ng
a ti khu vc Lt ch t 1600
Sau gi a Ty Na y hi (lc
ny ng hi t i kh n) vt qua
dy Trng Sn xung Trng Sn ng
c ny hi ch t 70 80 ng
a cn khong 1400 Nha trang
Hnh 31 t khc ca sng i
Hnh 32 bi bi t khu vc ca sng i


49

th cn 1200 h thy vn sng i Nha Trang thuc khu vc h u.
sng bn bn bi sng bt u un khc xut hin hin tng st hai bn ra
ch yu phun tro bi bi thng n trong ch .
3.1.3 T T
3.1.4 H T
Nhn bit c ch thy vn quan st c a hnh hai b sng bn bi bn
th thc vt nhn to g c a bp Nhn bit s thay i in tc ca cc ht sa
cu gn sng.
- Trn b sng: ct vn th
- ch sng khong t >50 t ct pha => trng a
- ch sng khong 200: t ph sa ht n

Hnh 33 t ct a hnh khu vc sng i kho st


50

3.2 I H ST 12: VI HI G H H TRG
Thi i: 15h chiu ngy 21/7/2011
iu kin: thi tit nng bc nhiu nng
3.2.1 GII THIU
Vin Hi dng hc n ti s 1 u , thnh
ph Nha Trang tnh Khnh Ha.
Vin Hi dng hc t trong nhng c s
nghin cu khoa hc c ra i s nht
Vit Na v c coi c s u tr hin vt
v nghin cu v bin n nht ng Na .
3.2.2 U VT, SIH VT
o tng sinh vt bin c trn 20000 u vt
ca hn 4000 oi sinh vt bin v nc ngt
c su t gn gi t nhiu n bn cnh
nhng u vt sng c nui th trong nhng
b knh th chi ngng hng tr oi
sinh vt bin nhit i xe xt t hiu hn
10000 oi sinh vt bin ng ang c u
tr
c bit bo tng ang u gi bo qun trng
by b xng c voi khng di gn 26 cao
3 b chn vi trong ng t ng
bng sng Hng t nht hn 200 n y
t di vt ch s t nhin v cng qu gi.
y thc s t ni v cng th v b sung
rt nhiu cho n hc cng nh nhn thc v
nhng g ang din ra th gii xung quanh
Hnh 34 Vin hi dng hc
Hnh 35 xng Voi di
26m, cao 3m
Hnh 36 ao tin- biu
tng ca vin Hi Hng Hc


51

uc sng thin nhin tht s cn v vng nhng iu th
3.2.3 I SIH THI T S LI
3.2.3.1 P V E
p t trong nhng oi rt d
p rt thnh vi i u v i nc tiu.
Khi nghe thy i thc n cch xa 3-4 km th
c p bi rt nhanh ti ch con i vi vn
tc khong 50 k/h
Hin nay gic c ca c p c th thay th
gic c ca ngi tht ca c p c th
dng cha bnh ung th
3.2.3.2 R H V I I
u c gi chung Ra in Tui th
ca Ra in thng rt cao trn 100 tui
Ra ci un tr v ni n sinh ra trng
Gii tnh ca ra con ph thuc vo nhit
mi trng S ng trng ra rt nhiu
nhng t sng st rt thp Hin ti ra bin
ang n trong sch
3.2.3.3 T QU
Hay cn gi Thng kh nhn bit
trong t nhin Trn ng n c 13 ci gai
cha c nu b gai th rt nguy hi c
th dn ti t vong

Hnh 39 Mt Qu

Hnh 37 Mp Vy en
Hnh 38 Ra Xanh v i Mi


52

3.2.3 T S GHI U TRG VI B T G SIH
H TRI HI THH G TI VI HI G H
NHA TRANG
Xy dng quy trnh sinh sn nhn to tm ging (1979). Kt qu ny c ph
bin v ng dng rng ri ngay t nhng n 1980 Kt qu ny gp phn lm
cho tnh Khnh Ha tr thnh trung tm cung cp ging tm nui ch yu cho c
nc v thc y ngh nui tm xut khu pht trin.
T nhng n 1990 n nay, cc nghin cu v a dng sinh hc, hin trng khai
thc ti nguyn v ti nng bo tn thin nhin c ch trng kho st
v son tho cc lun chng thit lp cc khu bo tn bin Nam Vit Nam (Ph
Quc n o, C Lao Cau, Hn Mun, C Lao Chm). Trong s t s khu
bo tn bin nh Hn Mun (nay vnh Nha Trang), C Lao Chm, Ph Quc
i vo hot ng. Ngoi ra, cn tham gia xy dng cc m hnh qun l v phc
hi h sinh thi vi s tham gia ca cng ng hoc doanh nghip. Vic gim st
rn san h cng c tin hnh u n v cung cp dn liu cho qun l thch
ng cc a phng
3.2.4 H T
c quan st tn t nhng sinh vt bin trc y ch c nhn thy thng qua
i bo tivi sch v Thng qua gii thiu nhn thy s a dng sinh vt bin Nhn
tn t cc u ha thch hc tp t hiu t s tp tnh sinh hc ca nhiu oi
ng vt bin Ngoi ra cn c gii thiu v t s hot ng nh bt hi ca
ng dn bin Tng th kin thc v thc hn trong vic bo vic bo tn a dng
sinh vt bin.


53

3.3 I H ST 3: KHU BO TN BIN (KBTB) HN MUN
Thi i: 8h sng ngy 22/7/2011
iu kin: tri trong xanh t
3.3.1 GII THIU V KHU BO T BI H U
Hn Mun cch cng Cu C 10 km (khong 45 pht i tu)
c gi Hn Mun v pha ng Na ca o c nhng nh cao vch
dng hi tr to thnh hang ng c bit y en tuyn nh g un rt hi
thy nhng ni khc
KBTB Hn Mun n trong Vnh Nha Trang bao g cc o nh Hn Tre Hn
Miu Hn T Hn Mt Hn Mun Hn au Hn Vung Hn R Hn Nc v
vng nc xung quanh Din tch khong 160k
2
bao g khong 38 k
2
t t v
khong 122 k
2
vng nc xung quanh cc o.
3.3.2 G T B T I I VI PHT TRI U LH
T n 2001 Khu bo tn bin Hn Mun d n bo tn bin chnh thc ra i Mc
ch ca d n: o tn t hnh in hnh v a dng sinh hc bin c t quan
trng quc t v ang b e da v t c cc c tiu gip cc cng ng dn c
ti cc o nng cao i sng v cng tc bo v qun c hiu qu a dng sinh
hc bin ti KBTB Hn Mun
Hnh 310 bn khu bo tn bin HN MUN


54

H sinh thi ng thc vt bin y v cng phong ph Theo thng k trn th gii
c khong 2000 oi san h v sinh vt bin th Hn Mun c ti 1500 oi
ng tc bo tn: quy nh nhng khu vc hn
ch v c nh bt thy hi sn t chc nhiu
hot ng h tr chuyn i ngh i vi ngi
dn a phng gi p c ca con ngi
i vi bin D n sau 10 t c s ng h
ca ngi dn a phng c dng san h sau
t thi gian phc hi v c a vo pht
trin du ch: xe cc rng san h bng tu y
knh; n xe san h; t bin
Hng n cn c s ng gp ca cc c nhn t chc vo cc hot ng phc hi
ch sc rn san h nh nht rc di y bin gio dc tuyn truyn bo v Ngoi
ra kinh ph thu c t hot ng du ch s trch ra vo vic bo tn ch sc san h.
3.3.3 HG TG T T PHIU H ST














Hnh 311 San h Hn Mun



55

B t kt: c hi ng v sn sng chi tr ca khch du ch khi n vi khu
bo tn Hn Mun
Tng s phiu: 11
Cu hi Tr li
S
phiu
Ph trm s
phiu
tui kho st
>50 3 27.27%
40- 50 2 18.18%
20-40 6 54.55%
S ln n Hn Mun
Ln u 6 54.55%
>2 5 45.45%
Cnh vt khu bo tn
p 9 81.82%
nh thng 1 9.09%
T 1 9.09%
Mc hi lng v khu du
lch
Hi lng 5 45.45%
ha hi ng m 6 54.55%
Khng hi lng 1 9.09%
Rt khng hi lng 0 0.00%
Mc xe xt n Hn
Mun ln na nu n Nha
Trang
Khng 5 45.45
C th cn nhc 4 36.36%
Chc chn 2 18.18
Mc sn sng chi tr cho
cc dch v h sinh thi
Sn sng 5 45.45%
Cn nhc 3 27.27%
Khng 3 27.27%
Nhng iu hi ng:


56

nh vt p nc trong v sch
Dch v ng san h bng tu y knh rt p v th v.
Nhng iu cn cha hi ng:
Dch v du ch rt t v cha tt.
Khch tha quan qu ng khng kh ngt ngt nhn vin phc v cha tt
Qu t thng rc khu bo tn.
Nh v sinh bn hi
3.3.4 KT LUN
Phn ln khch du lch cm thy hi lng v sn sng chi tr cho dch v sinh thi
khu bo tn. Khch du lch vn c nh n y th n na nu c c hi n Nha
Trang.
Khu o Tn in Hn Mun c cnh p nc bin trong xanh Dch v xe san h
bng tu y knh rt c hoan nghnh thu ht nhiu khch du ch Nhng hot ng
du ch nh hng kh n n cng tc bo tn n phi hn ch s ng khch du
ch n o hn na bo i trng trn o