Chng 4 NGHI THC C S VA NGHI THC LIEN KET D LIEU.

inh Quc Hng

NGHI THC C S VA NGHI THC LIEN KET D LIEU

Nghi thc la qui nh c thong nhat gia ben phat va ben nhan. Muc ch :
Hieu cac thanh phan c ban cua mot nghi thc bao gom:
Kiem soat loi (Errror Control). Kiem soat luong ( Flow Control). Quan ly ket noi ( Connection management).

Tm hieu cac nghi thc lp lien ket d lieu

inh Quc Hng

NGHI THC C S VA NGHI THC LIEN KET D LIEU

Mot so ky hieu : P
I -frame

ACK frame or NAK frame

P : Primary (pha s cap) la pha gi i cac frame d lieu. S : Primary (pha th cap) la pha thu cac frame d lieu t P. I : frame (infromation frame): khung thong tin cha d lieu pha phat truyen cho pha thu. I(N) : So tuan t cua khung thong tin o ACK frame (Acknowledge frame) : S truyen ti P e bao la a nhan d lieu tot (khong b loi). NAK frame (Negative Acknowledge frame: S truyen ti P e bao la a nhan d lieu sai (b loi).
inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Pha nhan khi nhan c frame se kiem tra co loi hay khong, sau o co 2 kha nang
Gi lai pha phat ban tin ieu khien e xac nhan la khung tin khong loi. Gi lai pha phat ban tin ieu khien e yeu cau phat lai khung tin neu khung tin loi. Qua trnh nay dien ra t ong nen goi la Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) Idle RQ ( Stop and Wait ) Continuous RQ
Implicit ( Hieu ngam ) Explicit ( Tng minh ) Selective Repeat Go back N

Cac phng phap kiem soat loi:

Implicit ( Hieu ngam ) Explicit ( Tng minh )

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Idle RQ:
ac iem :
P ch co mot I frame ang ch ACK tai mot thi iem Khi nhan mot I frame khong b loi, S truyen lai P mot ACK frame, khi P nhan c ACK cua frame N, P se tiep tuc truyen I frame ke tiep (N+1). Khi P bat au truyen I frame, no se khi ong bo nh thi (Timer start), neu qua khoang thi gian gii han (time expires/restarts ) ma khong nhan c frame tra li t S th P se truyen lai frame o. Neu S nhan c cung 1 frame 2 lan th se loai bo ban copy. ieu nay thc hien c do trong moi I-frame P eu truyen kem theo so tuan t cua frame. Khong ton nhieu bo nh em Hieu suat s dung ng truyen thap

ng dung:
S dung trong kieu truyen so lieu nh hng ky t (characteroriented). Hoat ong theo che o ban inh Quc Hng song cong.

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Idle RQ - Implicit ( Hieu ngam )
Khi S nhan c mot frame b loi, S se bo qua va khong gi ACK.

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Idle RQ - Explicit ( Tng minh )
Khi S nhan c mot frame b loi, S truyen lai P mot NAK frame, khi P nhan c NAK cua frame N, P se truyen lai I(N).

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

nh dang cua cac frame trong Idle RQ nh sau:
Co 3 loal frame : I-frame, ACK-frame, NAK-frame. Cac frame nay goi la PDU (Protocol Data Unit) trong Idle RQ

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Continuous RQ
ac iem:
P truyen cac I frame ti S mot cach lien tuc ma khong dng lai e ch ACK frame truyen ve t S. Khi co nhieu hn 1 I-frmae ch ACK, P gi lai ban sao cua cac I frame trong bo em truyen lai (retransmission list) hoat ong theo nguyen tac FIFO S tra ve ACK frame cho moi I frame nhan ung. Moi I frame cha so th t c tra ve trong ACK Khi P nhan c ACK th se loai bo I frame tng ng ra khoi danh sach. Cac I frame nhan c khong loi c S cha trong bo em thu (link receive list) e ch x ly. S luon ch cac I frame ke tiep theo th t e x ly. Trong trng hp frame nhan c khong ung th t (gia s trc o nhan frame N ke en nhan frame N+2 ) th S se gi lai tat ca cac I frame trong bo em thu cho en khi nhan lai c frame theo ung th t (frame N+1). Ngoai tr nghi thc Go Back N, bo em thu ben S luon luon ch gi lai ung 1 I- frame va nhan c.
inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Trong trng hp co loi xay ra trong qua trnh truyen dan, co 2 cach truyen lai c ap dung nh sau: S phat hien va yeu cau P truyen lai ch nhng frame b loi. Kieu truyen lai nay c goi la truyen lai co la chon (selective repeat). S phat hien va yeu cau P truyen lai nhng frame cha c tra li ACK, ngha la tat ca cac frame ke t frame cuoi cung nhan ung. Kieu truyen lai nay c goi la lap lai N (go-back-N). Hieu suat s dung ng truyen cao. Can bo em ln.

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Go back N
Gia s I(N+1) b loi S nhan I(N+2) khong ung th t (cha nhan c frame N+1) S gi NAK (N+1) cho P e bao P bat au truyen lai t frame N+1 va bat au khi ong timer e ch nhan I(N+1), neu qua mot khoang thi gian xac nh ma khong nhan c I(N+1) th S truyen lai NAK(N+1) ( e phong trng hp NAK(N+1) b loi). S vao trang thai truyen lai (Retransmission), tam thi khong tra li ACK cho bat ky frame nao nhan c va ch I(N+1). Khi nhan c frame N+1, S tra li ACK (N+1) va ra khoi trang thai truyen lai. Ben P khi gi 1 I frame th cung khi ong timer. Sau khoang thi gian Time Expires ma khong nhan c tn hieu tra li cua frame nay th se truyen lai frame o.
inh Quc Hng

Bo em thu khong can dung lng ln.

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

DTE A truyn DTE B 5 khung d liu bng phng php Go back N, gi s bt u t khung I (N). V tin trnh trao i khung vi cc gi nh sau: + Khung th 1 b li 1 ln. + Khung tr li khung th 2 b li 1 ln. + Khung th 3 v khung tr li khung 3 b li 1 ln.
inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Selecttive repeat
Ben phat ch phat lai cac frame b loi, con cac frame trc o khong b loi se khong phat lai. Co 2 cach thc hien ieu nay : Implicit Retransmission:

Gia s I-frame N+1 b loi : S tra ve ACK frame cho nhng I-frame ung (N, N+2, N+3,..). Khi nhan c ACK cua I-frame N+2, P nhan thay ACK (N+1)cha nhan c -> b loi -> P xoa I-frame N+2 ra khoi bo em va truyen lai frame N+1. Gia s ACK(N) b loi : Khi nhan c ACK cua frame N+1, P phat hien ACK(N) cha nhan c, co ngha la frame N b loi do o P truyen lai frame N. Khi nhan frame N lan th 2, S xac nh c s trung lap va do o bo qua, tuy nhien S van truyen tr ve ACK(N) e am bao P xoa I-frame N ra khoi bo em.a2n bo em thu ln

Bo em thu can dung lng ln.

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

Selective repeat
Explicit Retransmission
Ben P khi phat mot I frame se gi lai ban copy cua I frame o trong bo em e ch tn hieu tra li. Khi nhan c frame khong loi, S se tra li ACK. Khi P nhan ACK (N),P se loai bo tat ca cac I frame trc I(N) va chnh no ra khoi bo em. Khi S khong nhan c frame bat ky gia s I(N+1), S se gi P NAK(N+1), va chuyen sang che o Retransmission (trong che o nay S se khong tra li ACK cho bat ky I-frame nao nhan c), ong thi khi ong tiner (e phong trng hp NAK loi th sau thi gian timeout se truyen lai cho en khi nhan c I(N+1). Neu khong truyen lai th co kha nang I(N+1) se khong bao gi thu c khi NAK(N+1) b loi (hnh b)). Khi nhan c NAK(N+1) th P gi lai I(N+1). Khi S nhan c I(N+1) th gi lai P ACK(N+1) va thoat khoi trang thai Retransmission.
inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LOI ( ERROR CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

Muc ch :
ieu khien viec truyen d lieu gia ben phat va ben thu sao cho am bao ben thu luon luon co the nhan c d lieu vao bo em trc khi x ly. Theo cac c che ieu khien loi tren, co nhng thi iem bo em ben thu b qua tai do lng ln d lieu truyen en nhng cha c x ly. Do o viec mat d lieu co the xay ra. V vay phai bao ben phat biet e ngng phat va ch phat lai khi ben thu a san sang nhan. Co 2 phng phap ieu khien luong :
X-ON/X-OFF Sliding Window

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

X-ON/X-OFF
Khi bo em ben S b qua tai se gi ky hieu X-OFF ve P, P se ngng viec truen d lieu. Khi S thoat khoi trang thai qua tai th se gi ky hieu X-ON ve P, P tiep tuc qua trnh phat d lieu. V du trong RS232, chan RTS va CTS c dung e ieu khien luong.

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

Sliding Window
Trong kieu truyen continuous RQ, P truyen lien tiep cac frame khong phai ch nhan ACK giong nh trong idle RQ. Neu toc o x ly tai S cham -> S se truyen cham (hoac ngng) truyen ve cac ACK frame, danh sach ch truyen lai tai P tang lien tuc. Hoac ben P gi lien tuc cac I-frame trong khi ben S cha kp x ly se lam bo em thu qua tai. Phng phap ca so trt c thc hien bang cach qua sat cac I frame ch truyen lai tai P ( v du K frame ). Gii han nay c xem la ca so truyen (send window). Neu en gii han nay P se ngng truyen i en khi nhan c tn hieu ACK t ben thu.

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

C che :
Cac I frame a phat i va ang i ACK c at trong ca so goi send Widown. Gii han so lng I frame c phat trc khi nhan ACK la K (K la kch thc Send Windown). Moi khi phat mot I Frame, canh tren ca so UWE tang len 1. Moi khi nhan mot ACK, canh di ca so LWE tang len 1. Ben phat se ngng truyen neu UWE LWE = K Ben thu cung thc hien tng t, cac frame trong bo em thu c quan sat bi ca so nhan goi la Receive Widown

Nguyen tac chon K am bao rang S se nhan c tat ca cac Iframe truyen ti. Cac thong so anh hng ti viec chon K la:
Kch thc frame Dung lng bo em Thi gian tre do lan truyen song. Toc o phat
inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

inh Quc Hng

KIEM SOAT LUONG ( FLOW CONTROL)

Nguyen tac anh so :
e nhan dang cac frame vi nhau moi frame c gan mot so th t (Sequence number), theo nguyen tac th co the gan en vo cung. Tuy nhien e han che, ket hp vi ca so trt, so tuan t c gii han theo nguyen tac anh xoay vong. So lng cac so nhan dang c han che va quyet nh bi kch thc ca so va nghi thc.

inh Quc Hng