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(14 tun = 42 tit LT + 14 tit BT)

Chng 1: Gii thiu v h thng iu khin t ng Chng 2: M hnh ton hc h thng lin tc Chng 3: c tnh ng hc Chng 4: Kho st tnh n nh ca h thng Chng 5: Cht lng h thng iu khin Chng 6: Thit k h thng tuyn tnh lin tc Chng 7: M hnh ton hc h ri rc Chng 8: Phn tch h ri rc Chng 9: Thit k h ri rc Chng 10: ng dng

Ti liu tham kho

Gio trnh: L thuyt iu khin t ng
Nguyn Th Phng H Hunh Thi Hong NXB i Hc Quc Gia TpHCM

Bi tp: Bi tp iu khin t ng
Nguyn Th Phng H

Ti liu: Automatic Control System Modern Control System Theory and Design

nh gi

Thi gia k : 20% Thi cui k : 80% C cng im BT vo im thi cui k (1.0)

CHNG 1

GII THIU V H THNG IU KHIN T NG

1769
James Watts steam engine and governor developed.The Watt steam engine is often used to mark the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. During the Industrial Revolution, great strides were made in the development of mechanization, a technology preceding automation.

Control Systems

Control
Control is a sequence of decisions aimed at the attainment of specified objectives in an environment of uncertainty and presence of disturbances.

Control system
A control system is an arrangement of physical components connected or related in such a manner as to command, direct, or regulate itself or another system.

Input
The input is the stimulus, excitation or command applied to a control system.
Typically from external energy source, usually in order to produce a specified response from the control system.

Output
The output is the actual response obtained from a control system.
It may or may not be equal to specified response implied by the input.

History of Automatic Control

Prior to World War II

A main impetus for the use of feedback in the United States was the development of the telephone system and electronic feedback amplifiers by Bode, Nyquist, and Black at Bell Telephone Laboratories.

Prior to World War II

The Russian theory tended to utilize a timedomain formulation using differential equations.

World War II
Design and construct: automatic airplane pilots, gun-positioning systems, radar antenna control systems.

Sputnik and space age

The time-domain methods developed by Liapunov, Minorsky, and others have met with great interest in the last two decades.

Recent time
Recent theories of optimal control developed by L.S. Pontryagin in the former Soviet Union and R. Bellman in the United States, and studies of robust systems, have contributed to the interest in time-domain methods.

Terms and Concepts

Two Types of Control Systems

Open Loop
No feedback Difficult to control output with accuracy

Closed Loop
Must have feedback Must have sensor on output Almost always negative feedback

Open-loop and closed-loop systems

Open-loop control
An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the process directly without using feedback.

A common example of an open-loop control system is an electric toaster in the kitchen.

Closed-loop control

A closed-loop control system uses a measurement of the output and feedback of this signal to compare it with the desired output.

A person steering an automobile by looking at the autos location on the road and making the appropriate adjustments.

Control Systems

Manual control system

Goal: Regulate the level of fluid by adjusting the output valve. The input is a reference level of fluid and is memorized by operator. The power amplifier is the operator. The sensor is visual. Operator compares the actual level with the desired level and opens or closes the valve ( actuator).
29

The level of fluid in a tank control.

30

Multivariable control system

A robot is a computer-controlled machine. Industrial robotics is a particular field of automation in which the robot is designed to substitute for human labor.

The Honda P3 humanoid robot.

The Control System Design Process

Engineering design
Design is the process of conceiving or inventing the forms, parts, and details of a system to achieve a specified purpose.

Engineering design

Trade-off The result of making a judgment about how to compromise between conflicting criteria.

Given a process, how to design a feedback control system?

Three steps:
Modeling. Obtain mathematical description of the systems.

Analysis. Analyze the properties of the system.

Design. Given a plant, design a controller based on performance specifications.

Design examples

Rotating disk speed control

Control Systems

Step 1. Control goal

Design a system that will held a rotating disk at a constant speed. Ensure that the actual speed of rotation is within a specified percentage of desired speed.

Control Systems

Step 2. Variable to be controlled

Speed of rotation disc

Control Systems

Step 3. Control design specification

Design a system that will ensure that the actual speed of rotation is within a specified percentage of desired speed.

Control Systems

Step 4 Preliminary system configuration

Control Systems

Step 4 Preliminary system configuration

Control Systems

Insulin delivery system

The blood glucose and insulin concentrations for a healthy person.

Control Systems

Step 1. Control goal

Design a system to regulate the blood sugar concentration of a diabetic by controlled dispensing of insulin.

Control Systems

Step 2. Variable to be controlled

Blood glucose concentration

Control Systems

Step 3. Control design specification

Provide a blood glucose level for the diabetic that closely approximates the glucose level of a healthy person.

Control Systems

Step 4 Preliminary system configurations

Control Systems

Disk drive read system

Control Systems

Control Systems

Step 1. Control goal

Design a system that will held the position the reader head to read the data stored on a track on the disk.

Control Systems

Step 2. Variable to be controlled

Position of the reader head

Control Systems

Step 3. Control design specification

Design a system that will ensure that the head : - flies above the disk at a distance of less than 100 nm, - with the position accuracy is 1 m, - with speed from track to track 50 ms
Control Systems

Step 4 Preliminary system configuration

Control Systems

P1.8 Student-teacher learning process

Construct a feedback model of the learning process and identify each block of the system.

Control Systems

P1.8 Student-teacher learning process

Inverted pendulum control

E1.11 Sketch the block diagram of a feedback control system. Identify the process, sensor, actuator, and controller. The objective is keep the pendulum in the upright position ( = 0), in the presence of disturbances.

Control Systems

Control Systems

Inverted pendulum control