Chng 1

2004, HONG MINH SN

H thng iu khin phn tn

Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong iu khin phn tn
13.09.06

Chng 8: Cng ngh i tng trong iu khin phn tn

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6
2004, HONG MINH SN

Qui trnh cng ngh phn mm Cng ngh i tng l g Ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht UML Khi nim i tng phn tn M hnh COM/DCOM Lp trnh vi COM/DCOM
Ti liu: T ng ha ngy nay 5/04-8/04 (CD: \papers\ ) UML Reference Manual (CD:\UML\refman.pdf) Dr. GUI on COM and ATL (CD: \com-dcom\)

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8.1 Qui trnh cng ngh phn mm

BI TON

GII PHP

TH GII THC

Phn tch

M ha Th nghim TH GII THIT K

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M HNH PHN TCH Thit k

M HNH THIT K

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Phn tch yu cu (Requirement analysis)

Bi v: Khch hng thng khng bit l h mun g, nhng h bit chc chn l h khng mun g Cho nn: Cn phi cng vi khch hng lm r nhng yu cu v phm chc nng, v giao din s dng Kt qu: M hnh c t (Specification Model), mt phn ca hp ng Cn mt ngn ng m hnh ha d hiu trao i gia khch hng v nhm phn tch
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Tr li cu hi: Khch hng cn nhng g

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Phn tch h thng (System analysis)

Phn tch mi lin h ca h thng vi mi trng xung quanh Tm ra cu trc h thng v cc thnh phn quan trng nh ngha chc nng c th ca cc thnh phn Nhn bit cc c im ca tng thnh phn Phn loi cc thnh phn, tng qut ha, c bit ha Nhn bit mi lin h gia cc thnh phn Kt qu: M hnh h thng (System model) Cn mt ngn ng m hnh ha trao i gia cc thnh vin trong nhm phn tch v vi nhm thit k Tr li cu hi: Nhng g s phi lm
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Thit k h thng (System Design)

Da trn m hnh h thng, xy dng cc m hnh chi tit phc v sn sng m ha/ci t Bao gm:
Thit k cu trc (structured design): chng trnh, kiu d liu, i tng, quan h cu trc gia cc i tng v kiu) Thit k tng tc (interaction design): quan h tng tc gia cc i tng Thit k hnh vi (behaviour design): s kin, trng thi, php ton, phn ng Thit k chc nng (funtional design): tin trnh hnh ng, hm, th tc)
2004, HONG MINH SN

Kt qu: M hnh thit k (cc bn v v li vn m t) Tr li cu hi: Lm nh th no

Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

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Cc bc khc
M ha/ci t (Coding/Implementation): Th hin m hnh thit k bng mt ngn ng/cng c lp trnh c th Th nghim (Testing, Verification): Chy th, phn tch v kim chng:
Th n v (Unit Test) Th tch hp (Integration Test)

2004, HONG MINH SN

G ri (Debugging): Tm ra v sa cc li chng trnh chy (cc li logic) Xy dng ti liu (Documenting): Xy dng ti liu pht trin, ti liu hng dn s dng o to, chuyn giao Bo tr, bo dng
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8.2 Cng ngh (hng) i tng l g?

Cc ni dung ca cng ngh phn mm, c xy dng trn c s phng php lun hng i tng M hnh ha hng i tng Phn tch, thit k hng i tng Lp trnh hng i tng Phn mm thnh phn i tng phn tn ... Cng ngh hng i tng c vai tr then cht trong cng nghip phn mm hin nay v trong tng lai
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i tng l g?
M hnh/i din ca mt i tng vt l:
Tank, Heater, Furnace Motor, Pump, Valve Sensor, Thermometer, Flowmeter Control Loop, Control System

Hoc mt i tng logic ("conceptual object):

Trend, Report, Button, Window Matrix, Vector, Polynomial
2004, HONG MINH SN

ng gi d liu + php ton p dng

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Mt i tng c...
Hnh vi

Cc thuc tnh (attributes) Trng thi (state) D liu Quan h Hnh vi (behavior) Cc php ton c tnh phn ng
2004, HONG MINH SN

sa, cn, chy chy khi gp nguy him

Trng thi

t th sc khe
Cn cc Thuc tnh

Cn cc (identity) Ng ngha/trch nhim (semantic/responsibilities)

Tn: Rex ID: 007

mu lng: vng ging: Berge

Ng ngha

Ch gi nh
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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

Nguyn l c bn ca phng php lun hng i tng

Tru tng ha (abstraction): gip n gin ha vn , d s dng li ng gi d liu/che du thng tin (data encapsulation/ information hiding): nng cao gi tr s dng li v tin cy ca phn mm Dn xut/tha k (subtyping/inheritance): gip d s dng li m phn mm v thit k
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a hnh/a x (polymorphism): gip phn nh trung thc th gii thc v nng cao tnh linh hot ca phn mm
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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

Ti sao li hng i tng

Phng php lun hng i tng cho php t duy mc tru tng cao nhng gn vi th gii thc Th gii thc cu thnh bi cc i tng v mi lin h gia chng M hnh nht qun cho ton b qui trnh cng ngh phn mm Tru tng ha vn tt hn Bn vng hn vi thay i Kh nng s dng li cao Kh nng ph hp vi nhiu qui m khc nhau H tr tt hn cho pht trin cc h tin cy v an ton H tr tt hn cho x l cnh tranh
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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

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S tin ha ca cng ngh i tng

i tng phn tn thng minh, cng ngh Agent

Cng ngh i tng thnh phn phn tn Kin trc i tng phn tn (DCOM, CORBA)
2004, HONG MINH SN

Phn mm thnh phn (JavaBeans, ActiveX, VBX) PM module (Khi hm, Th vin ng)

Cng ngh RPC

Phng php lun hng i tng (Phng php lp trnh, m hnh ha, phn tch v thit k)

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Vai tr ca cng ngh i tng trong cc h thng iu khin?

Vai tr ca cng ngh phn mm trong cc h thng iu khin? C mt cng c phn mm no trong h thng iu khin khng c lp trnh hng i tng? V d v cc i tng c th:
Cc khi chc nng: PID, AI, AO,... Cc khi ha Windows Controls, ActiveX-Controls: th, phm bm, ca s, bnh cha, van iu khin, bng ti,... OPC server, Web server,...

2004, HONG MINH SN

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8.3 Ngn ng m hnh ha UML

M hnh l g?
Mt nh x th gii thc (ang tn ti hoc cn xy dng) M t th gii thc t mt gc nhn Cc dng m hnh:
M hnh ton hc M hnh ha M hnh my tnh
2004, HONG MINH SN

Mt m hnh tt cn n gin nhng th hin c cc c tnh quan trng cn quan tm ca th gii thc "Khng c m hnh no chnh xc, nhng c mt s m hnh c ch!"
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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

M hnh lm g?
Tru tng ha (n gin ha) vn Phng tin giao tip trong nhm pht trin Phng tin giao tip gia nhm pht trin v khch hng Phng tin phn tch, thit k v kim chng Ti liu phn mm Cn mt ngn ng m hnh ha tt v mt phng php m hnh ha thch hp !

2004, HONG MINH SN

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Th no l mt ngn ng m hnh ha tt
n gin, trc quan, d hiu, d xy dng ( ha) Kh nng biu din mnh (ton, vn bn, ha) Kh nng thc thi (my tnh, vn bn, ha my tnh) Linh hot, kh m Nht qun: cho sut qui trnh cng ngh phn mm Chun ha quc t

2004, HONG MINH SN

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UML: Unified Modeling Language

Ngn ng m hnh ha rt mnh, c y cc c tnh tt nu H tr m hnh ha hng i tng, hng thnh phn v cc phng php lun khc Thng nht Rumbaughs OMT, Booch94 v Ivar Jacobsons Use Case Cht lc, tha k nhiu phng php lun khc Ngn ng m hnh ha trung lp Kt hp biu tng ha + vn bn Chun cng nghip (OMG consortium: www.omg.org), c t hin ti V1.5
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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

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M hnh ha cu trc
Static view
Biu lp: class, interface, inheritance, association, ...

Use case view

Biu use case: use case, scenario, ...

Implementation view
Biu thnh phn: component, package, module, ...

Deployment view
Biu phn b: node, processor, component,...
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Lp, i tng v giao din

Mt lp l thc thi ca cc i tng c chung:
Ng ngha Thuc tnh Quan h Hnh vi

Mt giao din l mt kiu dch v ca i tng, v d

Truy nhp thuc tnh Thc hin cc php ton

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V d: H thng iu khin

Controller
w y Sensor
B z
-1

u Actuator

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Process

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Lp v giao din trong UML

<<Interface>> Device + getStatus()

Sensor - rangeMin : double - rangeMax : double + getValue() + getStatus() # doGetValue()

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Signal Generator + initValue() DigitalMeter + display()

Thermometer + getValue()

Pressure Sensor + getValue()

LevelIndicator + getValue()

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Quan h lp/i tng

Generalization/Specialization: Tha k (Inheritance), Dn xut (Subtyping) Association: Quan h chung chung Aggregation: Quan h s hu Composition: Quan h cu thnh Dependency: Quan h s dng

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Quan h lp trong UML

+input Sensor 1 +controller +valves 1..* 1
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<<active>> Controller

+output Actuator

Thermometer

+sensors *

ControlSystem

Valve

+plant <<friend>>

<<friend>>

Plant PT2

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Quan h lp - Meta model

Class relationship

Generalization

Association

Dependency

Aggregation
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Composition

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Use case

Operator 1

Operator 2

Operator Interface System

Startup&Shutdown H/A Reconfiguring

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Engineer

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M hnh ha hnh vi
Hnh vi i tng:
Biu trng thi (Statecharts) Biu hnh ng (Activity diagramm)

Tng tc gia cc i tng

Biu trnh t (Sequence diagram) Biu cng tc (Collaboration diagram)

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Biu trng thi (b iu khin)

IDLE start MANUAL entry: ^output.setValue(um) do: ^input.getValue do: u=calcOutput exit: updateState setAuto( true )[ u ~ um ] stop AUTOMATIC entry: ^input.getValue do: u = calcOuput do: ^output.setValue(u) exit: updateState

setAuto( false ) changeParams / setAuto(false)

2004, HONG MINH SN

WAITING onTimer[ auto = false ] onTimer[ auto = true ]

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Biu hnh ng (calcOutput)

Read Setpoint

Scaling

Calculate Error

Calculate Output
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Time event? y
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Tng tc i tng
1: call A 2: return B A 1: send B 2: send Event

A 1: send
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B 2: callback

B 2: read File

1: write

System manager

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Biu trnh t
Operator Start : Button click ( ) H/A : Button TempControl Loop : ControlSystem H/A-Indicator : LED SetpointInput : Slider TempCtrl : Controller setManual ( ) display (Yellow) setInput ( ) setValue (0 ) setpoint ( )

click ( )

start ( ) init ( )

setAutomatic ( )

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display (Green) process ( )

Ta

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Biu cng tc
3: display (Yellow) 10: display (Green) H/A-Indicator : LED TempControlLoop : ControlSystem 9: setAutomatic ( ) 8: init ( ) 11: process ( ) 2: setManual ( ) H/A : Button 1: click ( )

SetpointInput : Slider

Operator 4: setValue ( )

5: setpoint ( )

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TempCtrl : Controller Start : Button 7: start ( ) 6: click ( )

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Tm tt
Use case v kch bn cho phn tch yu cu, phn tch h thng Biu lp cho thit k cu trc Biu tng tc cho thit k giao din v quan h tng tc gia cc i tng Biu trng thi cho thit k hnh vi i tng v thit k c th cc php ton Biu hnh ng cho thit k thut ton, chi tit thc thi php ton

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8.4 Khi nim i tng phn tn

Cu hi: Lm th no gi mt hm thnh vin ca mt i tng vit trn C++ t mt chng trnh khc?
// File A.h class A { int x; public: A(int y = 0) : x(y) {} int getX() const {return x; } void setX(int y) {x = y;} ... }; // Prog1.cpp #include <conio.h> #include "A.h" A obj(5); void main() { obj.setX(6); while (!kbhit()) {} } Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT
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// Prog2.cpp #include "A.h" void main() { int i = obj.getX(); ... }

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// File A.h class A { int x; public: A(int y = 0) : x(y) {} int getX() const {return x; } void setX(int y) {x = y;} ... }; A obj(5);

2004, HONG MINH SN

// Prog1.cpp #include <conio.h> #include "A.h" void main() { obj.setX(6); while (!kbhit()) {} }

// Prog2.cpp #include "A.h" void main() { int i = obj.getX(); ... }

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i tng phn tn l g?
i tng phn tn l cc i tng phn mm trong mt h thng phn tn, c kh nng giao tip ngm, c th s dng t xa (t mt chng trnh khc, t mt nt mng khc) Ging vi i tng c in
C nhng c tnh ca i tng c in (thuc tnh, php ton, hnh vi, trng thi, cn cc)

Khc vi i tng c in:

2004, HONG MINH SN

Khng gn vi mt ngn ng lp trnh Khng gn vi mt nn ci t, nn mng C th to, hy v gi hm t xa

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Mu thit k: Proxy
S dng i tng t xa thng qua mt i din (Proxy)
A
1: request ( ) 2: request ( )

B
proxy server

client

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<<abstract> Base request( )

Client

Server request( )

server

Proxy request( )

... server->request()

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Mu thit k: Broker + Marshaling/Unmarshaling

S dng i tng trung gian (Broker) Proxy thc hin giao tip vi Server mt cch trong sut, khng ph thuc c ch truyn thng c th pha di
A
1: op (params )

B
4: op (params )

client
2: dispatch (datagram)

proxy

server
3: upcall(op_data)

2004, HONG MINH SN

broker_A

IPC

broker_B

Marshaling: ng gi d liu thnh mt bc in, m ha cn cc i tng, tn hm cn gi v cc tham s Unmarshaling: Ngc li vi Marshaling.

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Mu thit k: Broker + Marshaling/Unmarshaling

Client

<<Interface>> Base + op()

Proxy + op() Broker

2004, HONG MINH SN

ServerBase + upcall()

+ dispatch()

//... extract operation data if (op_name == "op") op(params); else //... other operations

Server + op()

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Mu thit k: Adapter
S dng mt i tng c sn thng qua giao din thch ng (Adapter)
Client Server op( )

old->old_op()

Adapter op( )

old

Adaptee old_op( )

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class Adapter : public Server { Adaptee *old; public: void op() { old->old_op(); } ... };
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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

Kin trc tng th

A
1: op ( )

B
4: upcall( )

5: op( )

client

proxy
2: dispatch ( )

adapter
3: dispatch ( )

server

broker_A

IPC

broker_B

2004, HONG MINH SN

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Mu thit k: Interface Mapping

// Server.idl // Interface Definition // Language interface Server { bool op(); }; IDL-to-C++ Compiler IDL-to-C++ // Proxy.h Compiler class Server_p { public: boolean op() { // Marshaling Codes } ... } Broker // ServerImp.cpp class Server_s { virtual bool op()=0; virtual upcall() { ... op(); } }; class MyServer: public Server_s { bool op() { ... } }; Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT
2004, HONG MINH SN

// Client Program // Client.cpp #include <Proxy.h> void main() { Server_p *obj = NewObject("ServerID"); bool result = obj->op(); ... obj->DeleteObject(); } 2005 - HMS
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8.5 M hnh COM v DCOM

COM (Component Object Model)
Chun ca Microsoft, ch yu thc hin trn nn Windows Kin trc giao tip bc cao gia cc thc th phn mm (i tng thnh phn) trong h thng L nn tng cho cc cng ngh khc: OLE, ActiveX-Control, ASP, ADO, ... Cng ngh then cht trong cc sn phm ca Microsoft ngy nay H tr rt mnh trong cc sn phm phn mm khc
2004, HONG MINH SN

DCOM (Distributed COM)

Giao thc h tr giao tip vi COM qua mng Kin trc i tng phn tn (so snh vi CORBA)

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i tng COM v giao din COM

Application Object Application Object

Interface Pointer Interface Function Table pointer Pointer to Function1 Pointer to Function2 Pointer to Function3 ...
2004, HONG MINH SN

Function1(...) { ... } Function2(...) { ... } Function3(...) { ... }

...

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Giao tip vi COM

Qu trnh client client server object

Giao tip ni trnh

Qu trnh client client Proxy server proxy

2004, HONG MINH SN

Qu trnh dch v cc b server Stub object

COM Engine

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Giao tip qua mng vi DCOM

Client
CoCreateInstance()

Proxy Security Provider DCE RPC

Stub Security Provider DCE RPC

Component

COM Runtime
(Remote) Activation

Protocol Stack

Protocol Stack
CoCreateInstance()

2004, HONG MINH SN

SCM
DCOM networkprotocol

SCM

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8.6 Lp trnh vi COM/DCOM

To mt i tng COM S dng mt i tng COM

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To mt i tng COM
nh ngha giao din v cn cc i tng bng IDL
/* COM-IDL */ [ object, uuid(793D8ABD-3E1B-11D3-A3E3-00A0C910AB98) ] interface ISensor : IUnknown { // Eigenschaften [propget] HRESULT status([out, retval] short *pVal); [propget] HRESULT rangeMin([out, retval] double *pVal); [propget] HRESULT rangeMax([out, retval] double *pVal); // Methoden HRESULT getValue([out, retval] double *pVal); // ... }; [ uuid(793D8ABE-3E1B-11D3-A3E3-00A0C910AB98) ] coclass Sensor { [default] interface ISensor; }; 2005 - HMS
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Dch sang C++ vi IDL-Compiler

/* C++ */ class ISensor : public IUnknown { public: virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ... // Marshaling Codes };

get_status(short *pVal) = 0; get_rangeMin(double *pVal) = 0; get_rangeMax(double *pVal) = 0; getValue(double *pVal) = 0;

Dn xut lp v thc thi i tng COM

/* C++ */ class Thermometer { public: virtual HRESULT virtual HRESULT virtual HRESULT virtual HRESULT }; : public ISensor

2004, HONG MINH SN

get_status(short *pVal) get_rangeMin(double *pVal) get_rangeMax(double *pVal) getValue(double *pVal)

{...} {...} {...} {...} 2005 - HMS

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Chng 8: Cng ngh hng i tng trong KPT

Bin dch m thc thi i tng ng k vi h iu hnh Windows trn cc trm ci t v trm s dng

Cc bc trn c th thc hin n gin vi s h tr ca Visual C++ v ATL/COM Wizard

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S dng mt i tng COM

/* C++ */ ISensor *pSensor; HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_Sensor, 0, CLSCTX_ALL, IID_ISensor,(void**)&pSensor); if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) { double value = 0; pSensor->getValue(&value); //... } //... pSensor->Release();
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