S GD&T VNH PHC

CHNH THC

K THI CHN HSG LP 11 THPT NM HC 2009 2010

THI MN: HA HC
Dnh cho hc sinh trng THPT khng chuyn
Thi gian lm bi : 180 pht, khng k thi gian pht .

Bi 1. Cho 20,80 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2, S tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c V lt
kh NO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu
c 91,30 gam kt ta.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng phng trnh ion thu gn?
2. Tnh V v s mol HNO3 cn dng oxi ha hon ton hn hp X ?
Bi 2. Cho 11,9 gam hn hp Al v Zn tan hon ton trong dung dch cha NaNO 3 v NaOH d thu c 4,928
lt hn hp hai kh (ktc). Cho hn hp kh qua bnh ng CuO d, un nng sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh
gim 4 gam.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra
2. Tnh % khi lng ca hn hp u
Bi 3. Thm t t 17,85 ml dung dch km clorua 17% (d =1,12g/ml) vo 25 ml dung dch kali cacbonat 3,0
mol/lt (d = 1,30 g/ml) to ra kt ta cacbonat baz. Sau phn ng lc b kt ta, tnh nng % cc cht trong
nc lc.
Bi 4. Hp th ht V lt kh CO2 (ktc)vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH c dung dch A. Bit rng nu cho t
t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th phi mt 50ml dd HCl 1M mi thy bt u c kh thot ra. Mt khc cho
dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch A c 7,88 gam kt ta. Tnh V (ktc) v s mol NaOH trong A.
Bi 5. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s , ghi r iu kin phn ng ( nu c)
A

E
B
A

C2H2

CH3CHO
C
D
A

Bi 6. Mt hn hp Y gm Al v Fe. Cho 22 gam Y tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,3M thu c V lt kh H 2

(ktc).
1. Chng minh rng hn hp Y khng tan ht. Tnh VH 2 (ktc).
2. Cho 22 gam Y tc dng vi clo d thu c m1 gam mui. Nu cho 22 gam Y tc dng vi Iot d thu c
m2 gam mui. Bit m2 m1 = 139,3 gam. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong 22 gam Y.
Bi 7. Ho tan 0,54 gam Al trong 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,1M c dung dch A. Thm V lt dung dch NaOH
0,1M vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Nung kt ta C n khi lng khng i ta c cht
rn nng 0,51 gam. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,1M dng.
Bi 8. t chy hon ton 10,4 gam cht hu c X ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 c v bnh 2
cha 600 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 5,4 gam, bnh 2 tng 37 gam ng thi xut
hin 78,8 gam kt ta.
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Bit khi lm bay hi 10,4 gam X thu c th tch kh bng th tch
ca 3 gam C2H6 cng iu kin nhit v p sut.
2. X c mt ng phn X1, bit rng khi cho 3,12 gam X1 phn ng va vi 96 gam dung dch Br 2 5%
trong bng ti. Nhng 3,12 gam X tc dng ti a vi 2,688 lt H2 (ktc) khi un nng c xc tc Ni. Vit cng
thc cu to v gi tn X1
3. X c ng phn X2 cha cc nguyn t cacbon ng nht, khi tc dng vi Cl2 khi c chiu sng thu c
mt dn xut mono clo duy nht. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X2.

---Ht--Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm

H tn th sinh ....................................................................................................................SBD.................
S GD&T VNH PHC
K THI CHN HSG LP 11 THPT NM HC 2009 2010

HNG DN CHM MN HA HC
Dnh cho hc sinh trng THPT khng chuyn

Bi
Bi 1
(1,5)

Ni Dung
1)Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Fe + 6H+ + 3NO3- Fe3+ + 3NO2 + 3H2O (1)
FeS + 10 H+ + 9NO3- Fe3+ + SO42- + 9NO2 + 5H2O (2)
FeS2 + 14H+ + 15NO3- Fe3+ + 2SO42- + 15NO2 + 7H2O (3)
S + 4H+ + NO3- SO42- + 6NO2 + 2H2O(4)
Dung dch sau phn ng c: Fe3+, SO42-, H+
H+ + OH- H2O
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
2) Coi hn hp gm Fe v S ta c s :
3+
Fe(OH )3
Fe
Fe

xmol
xmol + Ba (OH )2 xmol

+ HNO3 d

2
S

SO4
BaSO 4
ymol

ymol
ymol
56 x + 32 y = 20,8
x = 0, 2mol

Theo bi ra ta c h:
107 x + 233 y = 91,3
y = 0,3mol
p dng nh lut bo ton eletron ta c:
Fe
Fe+3 + 3e
0,2mol
3.0,2mol
+6
S
S
+ 6e
0,3mol
6.0,3mol
+5
N + 1e
N+4
a.1mol
a mol
p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:
a = 0,6 + 1,8 = 2,4 mol V = 53,76 lt
Theo (3) v (4): nHNO3 = nH + = 6.nFe + 4nS = 2, 4mol

Bi 2
(1 )

Cc phng trnh phn ng c th

8Al + 5NaOH + 3NaNO3 + 2H2O 8NaAlO2 + 3NH3
4Zn + 7NaOH + NaNO3 4Na2ZnO2 + NH3 + 2H2O
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2
Hai kh l NH3 v H2
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol NH3 v H2
4,928
= 0, 22(mol )
=> x + y =
22, 4
Khi lng bnh CuO gim l khi lng oxi mt i
4
= 0, 25(mol )
=> nO =
16
3x
+ y = 0, 25
=>
2
=> x = 0,06 (mol); y = 0,16 (mol)
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol Al v Zn
=> 27a + 65b = 11,9

im
0,5

0,25

0,25

0,25
0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

3a + 2b = 8.0,06 + 2.0,16 = 0,8

=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
0, 2.27
.100% = 45,38%
=> % Al =
11,9
%Zn = 100% - %Al = 54,62%
Bi 3
(1)

0,25

S mol ZnCl2 = 0,025 < s mol K2CO3 = 0,075

2ZnCl2 + 2K2CO3 + H2O [ZnOH]2CO3 + 4KCl + CO2
0,025

0,025

0,0125

0,25

0,05 0,0125

Do K2CO3 d nn phn ng vi CO2 to ra KHCO3:

0,25

K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2KHCO3

0,0125

0,0125

0,025

Lng nc lc = m(dd K2CO3) + m(dd ZnCl2) m([ZnOH]2CO3)

0,25

= 25. 1,3 + 17,85 1,12 0,0125 224 = 49,7 gam

% K2CO3 d = (0,0375 138) : 49,7 = 0,104 hay 10,4%
% KHCO3 = (0,025 100) : 49,7 = 0,05 hay 5%
Bi 4
(1,0)

0,25

% KCl
= (0,05 74,5) : 49,7 = 0,075 hay 7,5%
Khi cho t t HCl vo dung dch A phi ht 50ml mi thy c kh thot ra, do vy trong
A phi cha NaOH d hoc Na2CO3
Trng hp 1: Dung dch NaOH d khi xy ra cc phn ng;
0,5
CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O (1)
Dung dch A c Na2CO3 v NaOH d, khi cho t t HCl vo A c cc phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O (2)
Na2CO3 + HCl NaHCO3 + NaCl (3)
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 (4)
Khi cho Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch A c phn ng
Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 2NaOH + BaCO3 (5)
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng:
nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0, 04mol
VCO2 = 0,896(lit )
nNaOH = 2.nCO2 + nHCl nNa2CO3 = 2.0, 04 + 0, 05 0, 04 = 0, 09mol
Trng hp 2: Dung dch A cha hn hp hai mui Na2CO3 v NaHCO3
Cho HCl vo dung dch A c cc phn ng:
Na2CO3 + HCl NaHCO3 + NaCl (3)
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 (4)
Theo (3) nNa2CO3 = nHCl = 0, 05(mol )

0,5

Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d c cc phn ng

Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 2NaOH + BaCO3 (5)
Ba(OH)2 + NaHCO3 BaCO3 + NaOH + H2O(6)
nBaCO3 = nNa2CO3 + nNaHCO3 = 0, 05 + nNaHCO3 > 0, 04(mol ) V l
HgSO4
Bi5(1) C2H2 + H2O
CH3CHO
800 C

0,125

Pd/PbCO3 ,t
C2H2 + H2
CH2 = CH2
(A)
PdCl2 / CuCl2
CH3CHO
CH2 = CH2 + O2
t0

0,125
3

H 2 SO4
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
CH3CH2OH
(E)
Cu

CH3CH2OH + O2
CH3CHO + H2O
t0
3CH2 = CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O
3C2H4(OH)2 + 2KOH + 2MnO2
(F)
H 2 SO4
CH3CHO + H2O
C2H4(OH)2
1700 C

Bi 6
(1)

Bi 7
(1,5 )

Cu 8
(2 )

1:1
CH2 = CHCl
C2H2 + HCl
( B)
t0
CH2 = CHCl + NaOH
CH3CHO + NaCl
C2H2 + 2HCl
CH3CHCl2
a) t s mol Al v Fe c trong 22g hn hp Y l x mol v y mol
Al + 3H+ Al3+ + 3/2H2 (1).
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 (2).
nHCl = 2.0,3 = 0,6 (mol)
Gi s kim loi phn ng ht nH+ phn ng = 3.x + 2.y
V kim loi ht nn: 3x + 2y 0,6 (I)
Ta c: nhn hp = x + y 22/56 < x + y < 22/27 0,392 < x + y < 0,815
0,784 < 2x + 2y < 3x + 2y (II)
T (I ) v (II) ta thy iu gi s sai, Vy Axit phn ng ht
1
nH 2 = nH + = 0,3mol V = 0,3. 22,4 = 6,72 lt
2
b) Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Al + 3/2Cl2 AlCl3
Fe + 3/2 Cl2 FeCl3
m1 = 133,5x + 162,5y (1)
Al + 3/2I2 AlI3
Fe + I2 FeI2
m2 = 408x + 310y (2)
Theo bi ra ta c: 27x + 56y = 22
m2 m1 = 139,3 274,5x + 147,5y = 139,3
x= 0,4 mol v y = 0,2 mol
MAl = 10,8 gam v mFe = 11,2 gam
Cc phng trnh phn ng :
Al +
3H+
Al3+ + 3/2 H2(1)
Ban u : 0,02
0,1
(mol)
Sau p : 0
0,04
0,02
Khi thm dung dch NaOH vo dung dch A c cc phn ng:
H+ +
OH- H2O (2)
0,04
0,04
mol
3+
Al
+ 3OH Al(OH)3 (3)
Nu d OH-: Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O (4)
t0
2Al(OH)3
+ 3H2O (5)
Al2O3
0,01
0,005
mol
V nAl ( OH )3 < nAl 3+ nn c 2 trng hp
Trng hp 1: d Al3+ khi ch c phn ng (2), (3) v (5)
nOH = nH + + 3nAl (OH )3 = 0, 04 + 0, 03 = 0, 07 mol V = 0,7 (lt)
Trng hp 1: d OH- mt phn kt ta b ha tan khi c phn ng (2), (3), (4) v
(5)
nOH = nH + + 3nAl 3+ + nAl (OH )3 tan = 0, 04 + 0, 06 + 0, 01 = 0,11mol V =1,1 (lt)

0,125
0,125
0,125
0,125

0,125
0,125

0,25
0,25

0,25

0,25

0,5

0,5
0,5

nX = nC2 H 6 = 0,1mol
Theo bi ra : VX = VC2 H 6
Bnh 1 : cha H2SO4 c hp th nc
Bnh 2 : Cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 hp th CO2 v c th c nc cha b hp th bi
4

H2SO4
Theo bi ra ta c: mCO2 + mH 2O = 5, 4 + 37 = 42, 4 g (I)
Xt bnh 2: Cc phn ng c th
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + H2O (1)
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ba(HCO3)2 (2)
Trng hp 1: Nu Ba(OH)2 d khi ch xy ra phn ng (1)
78,8
n CO2 = nBaCO3 =
= 0, 04mol Thay vo (I) ta tm c
197
42, 4 0, 4.44
nH 2O =
= 1,378mol
18
t cng thc ca X l CxHyOx
y z
y
Phng trnh chy: C x H y Oz + ( x + )O2 xCO2 + H 2 O
4 2
2
2nH 2O 2.1,378
=
= 27,56 v l (loi v y phi nguyn)
Theo phng trnh: y =
nX
0,1
Trng hp 1: Nu phn ng to hn hp hai mui
42, 4 0,8.44
= 0, 4mol
Theo (1) v (2) ta c : nCO2 = 0,8mol nH 2O =
18
y z
y
C x H y Oz + ( x + )O2 xCO2 + H 2 O
4 2
2
Theo phng trnh ta c:
nCO2 0,8
2nH 2O 2.0, 4
x=
=
=8, y =
=
=8
nA
0,1
nX
0,1
mX 10, 4
=
= 104 z=0
M 12.x + y + 16.z =
nX
0,1
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: C8H8
nBr 0, 03
nH 2 0,12
=1
=
=4
b) ta c: 2 =
nX
0, 03
nX 0, 03
1 mol A + 1mol dung dch Br2 => A c 1 lin kt pi km bn ( dng anken)
1 mol A + 4 mol H2 => A c 4 lin kt pi, hoc vng km bn
=> A c 3 lin kt pi, hoc vng bn vi dung dch Br2
A l hp cht c trong chng trnh ph thng => A c cu trc vng benzen

HC

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

CH2

Vy cng thc cu to ca A l: A l Stiren.

c) X2 khi tc dng vi Clo c chiu sng cho dn xut mono Clo nn X2 phi l hp
cht no hoc hp cht thm
Cc nguyn t cacbon trong X2 hon ton ng nht nn ch c cu to sau tha mn:
HC

0,25

0,25

0,5

CH

CH

CH
CH

HC

CH

CH

* Ch : khi chm nu hc sinh gii theo cc phng php khc, nu ng vn cho s im