CC HM C BN TRONG EXCEL I. HM LOGIC. 1. Ham AND: Cu phap: AND (Logical1, Logical2, .

) Cac i s: Logical1, Logical2 la cac biu thc iu kin. Ham tra v gia tr TRUE (1) nu tt ca cac i s cua no la ung, tra v gia tr FALSE (0) nu mt hay nhiu i s cua no la sai. Lu y: - Cac i s phai la gia tr logic hoc mang hay tham chiu co cha gia tr logic. - Nu i s tham chiu la gia tr text hoc Null (rng) thi nhng gia tr o b bo qua. - Nu vung tham chiu khng cha gia tr logic thi hm tra v li #VALUE! Vi du: =AND(D7>0,D7<5000) 2. Ham OR: Cu phap: OR (Logical1, Logical2) Cac i s: Logical1, Logical2 la cac biu thc iu kin. Ham tra v gia tr TRUE (1) nu bt c mt i s nao cua no la ung, tra v gia tr FALSE (0) nu tt ca cac i s cua no la sai. Vi du: =OR(F7>03/02/74,F7>01/01/2002) 3. Ham NOT: Cu phap: NOT(Logical) i s: Logical la mt gia tr hay mt biu thc logic. Ham ao ngc gia tr cua i s. S dng NOT khi bn mun phu nh gia tr cua i s trong phep toan nay. II. NHM HM TON HC. 1. Ham ABS: Ly gia tr tuyt i cua mt s Cu phap: ABS(Number) i s: Number la mt gia tr s, mt tham chiu hay mt biu thc. Vi du: =ABS(A5 + 5) 2. POWER: Ham tra v luy tha cua mt s. Cu phap: POWER(Number, Power) Cac tham s: - Number: La mt s thc ma bn mun ly luy tha. - Power: La s mu. Vi du = POWER(5,2) = 25 3. Ham PRODUCT: Ban co th s dng hm PRODUCT thay cho toan t nhn * tinh tich cua mt day. Cu phap: PRODUCT(Number1, Number2) Cac tham s: Number1, Number2 la day s ma bn mun nhn.

4. Ham MOD: Ly gia tr d cua phep chia. Cu phap: MOD(Number, Divisor) Cac i s: - Number: S b chia. - Divisor: S chia. 5. Ham ROUNDUP: Lam tron mt s. Cu phap: ROUNDUP(Number, Num_digits) Cac tham s: - Number: La mt s thc ma bn mun lam tron ln. - Number_digits: la bc s thp phn ma bn mun lam tron. Chu y: - Nu Num_digits > 0 se lam tron phn thp phn. - Nu Num_digits = 0 se lam tron ln s t nhin gn nht. - Nu Num_digits < 0 se lam tron phn nguyn sau du thp phn. 6. Ham EVEN: Lam tron ln thanh s nguyn chn gn nht. Cu phap: EVEN(Number) tham s: Number la s ma bn mun lam tron. Chu y: - Nu Number khng phai la kiu s thi hm tra v li #VALUE! 7. Ham ODD: Lam tron ln thanh s nguyn le gn nht. Cu phap: ODD(Number) Tham s: Number la s ma bn mun lam tron. 8. Ham ROUNDDOWN: Lam tron xung mt s. Cu phap: ROUNDDOWN(Number, Num_digits) Cac tham s: tng t nh hm ROUNDUP. III. NHM HM THNG K. A. Nhom hm tinh tng 1. Ham SUM: Cng tt ca cac s trong mt vung d liu c chn. Cu phap: SUM(Number1, Number2) Cac tham s: Number1, Number2 la cac s cn tinh tng. 2. Ham SUMIF: Tinh tng cua cac c chi nh bi nhng tiu chun a vao. Cu phap: SUMIF(Range, Criteria, Sum_range) Cac tham s: - Range: La day ma bn mun xac nh. - Criteria: cac tiu chun ma mun tinh tng. Tiu chun nay co th la s, biu thc hoc chui. - Sum_range: La cac thc s cn tinh tng. Vi du: = SUMIF(B3:B8,<=10) Tinh tng cua cac gia tr trong vung t B2 n B5 vi iu kin la cac gia tr nho hn hoc bng 10.

B. Nhom hm tinh gia tr trung binh 1. Ham AVERAGE: Tra v gi tr trung binh cua cac i s. Cu phap: AVERAGE(Number1, Number2) Cac tham s: Number1, Number2 la cac s cn tinh gia tr trung binh. 2. Ham SUMPRODUCT: Ly tich cua cac day a vao, sau o tinh tng cua cac tich o. Cu phap: SUMPRODUCT(Array1, Array2, Array3) Cac tham s: Array1, Array2, Array3 la cac day ma bn mun nhn sau o tinh tng cac tich. Chu y: Cac i s trong cac day phai cung chiu. Nu khng hm se tra v gia tr li #VALUE. C. Nhom hm tim gia tr ln nht va nho nht 1. Ham MAX: Tra v s ln nht trong day c nhp. Cu phap: MAX(Number1, Number2) Cac tham s: Number1, Number2 la day ma bn mun tim gia tr ln nht trong o. Vi du. 2. Ham LAGRE: Tim s ln th k trong mt day c nhp. Cu phap: LARGE(Array, k) Cac tham s: - Array: La mt mang hoc mt vung d liu. - k: La th hng cua s bn mun tim k t s ln nht trong day. Vi du. 3. Ham MIN: Tra v s nho nht trong day c nhp vao. Cu phap: MIN(Number1, Number2) Cac tham s: Number1, Number2 la day ma bn mun tim gia tr nho nht trong o. 4. Ham SMALL: Tim s nho th k trong mt day c nhp vao. Cu phap: SMALL(Array, k) Cac tham s: - Array: La mt mang hoc mt vung cua d liu. - k: La th hng cua s ma bn mun tim k t s nho nht trong day. D. Nhom hm m d liu 1. Ham COUNT: Ham COUNT m cac cha d liu kiu s trong day. Cu phap: COUNT(Value1, Value2, ) Cac tham s: Value1, Value2 la mang hay day d liu. 2. Ham COUNTA: m tt ca cac cha d liu. Cu phap:

COUNTA(Value1, Value2, ) Cac tham s: Value1, Value2 la mang hay day d liu. Vi du. 3. Ham COUNTIF: Ham COUNTIF m cac cha gia tr s theo mt iu kin cho trc. Cu phap: COUNTIF(Range, Criteria) Cac tham s: - Range: Day d liu ma bn mun m. - Criteria: La tiu chun cho cac c m. Vi du: = COUNTIF(B3:B11,>100): (m tt ca cac trong day B3:B11 co cha s ln hn 100) IV. NHM HM CHUI. 1. Ham LEFT: Trich cac ky t bn trai cua chui nhp vao. Cu phap: LEFT(Text,Num_chars) Cac i s: - Text: Chui vn ban. - Num_Chars: S ky t mun trich. Vi du: =LEFT(Ti tn la,3) = Ti 2. Ham RIGHT: Trich cac ky t bn phai cua chui nhp vao. Cu phap: RIGHT(Text,Num_chars) Cac i s: tng t hm LEFT. Vi du: =RIGHT(Ti tn la,2) = la 3. Ham MID: Trich cac ky t t s bt u trong chui c nhp vao. Cu phap: MID(Text,Start_num, Num_chars) Cac i s: - Text: chui vn ban. - Start_num: S th t ca ky t bt u c trich. - Num_chars: S ky t cn trich. 4. Ham UPPER: i chui nhp vao thanh ch hoa. Cu phap: UPPER(Text) 5. Ham LOWER: i chui nhp vao thanh ch thng. Cu phap: LOWER(Text) 6. Ham PROPER: i ky t u cua t trong chui thanh ch hoa. Cu phap: PROPER(Text) Vi du: =PROPER(phan van a) = Phan Van A 7. Ham TRIM: Ct bo cac ky t trng u chui va cui chui. Cu phap: TRIM(Text)

V. NHM HM NGY THNG. 1. Ham DATE: Ham Date tra v mt chui trinh bay mt kiu ngay c thu. Cu phap: DATE(year,month,day) Cac tham s: - Year: miu ta nm, co th t 1 n 4 ch s. Nu bn nhp 2 ch s, theo mc nh Excel se ly nm bt u la: 1900.(Vi du) - Month: miu ta thang trong nm. Nu month ln hn 12 thi Excel se t ng tinh thm cac thang cho s miu ta nm.(Vi du) - Day: miu ta ngay trong thang. Nu Day ln hn s ngay trong thang chi nh, thi Excel se t ng tinh thm ngay cho s miu ta thang.(Vi du) Lu y: - Excel lu tr kiu ngay nh mt chui s lin tc, vi vy co th s dng cac phep toan cng (+), tr (-) cho kiu ngay.(Vi du) 2. Ham DAY: Tra v ngay tng ng vi chui ngay a vao. Gia tr tra v la mt s kiu Integer trong khoang t 1 n 31. Cu phap: DAY(Serial_num) Tham s: Serial_num: La d liu kiu Date, co th la mt hm DATE hoc kt qua cua mt hm hay cng thc khac.(Vi du) 3. Ham MONTH: Tra v thang cua chui ngay c m ta. Gia tr tra v la mt s trong khoang 1 n 12. Cu phap: MONTH(Series_num) Tham s: Series_num: La mt chui ngay, co th la mt hm DATE hoc kt qua cua mt hm hay cng thc khac. (Vi du) 4. Ham YEAR: Tra v nm tng ng vi chui ngay a vao. Year c tra v la mt kiu Integer trong khoang 1900-9999. Cu phap: YEAR(Serial_num) Tham s: Serial_num: La mt d liu kiu ngay, co th la mt hm DATE hoc kt qua cua mt hm hay cng thc khac. (vi du) 5. Ham TODAY: Tra v ngay hin thi cua h thng. Cu phap: TODAY() Ham nay khng co cac i s. 6. Ham WEEKDAY: Tra v s chi th trong tun. Cu phap: WEEKDAY(Serial, Return_type) Cac i s: - Serial: mt s hay gia tr kiu ngay. - Return_type: chi nh kiu d liu tra v. VI. HM V THI GIAN. 1. Ham TIME: Tra v mt chui trinh bay mt kiu thi gian c thu. Gia tr tra v la mt s trong khoang t 0 n 0.99999999, miu ta thi gian t 0:00:00 n 23:59:59. Cu phap: TIME(Hour,Minute,Second) Cac tham s: c tinh tng t hm DATE.

- Hour: miu ta gi, la mt s t 0 n 32767. - Minute: miu ta phut, la mt s t 0 n 32767. - Second: miu ta giy, la mt s t 0 n 32767. 2. Ham HOUR: Tra v gi trong ngay cua d liu kiu gi a vao. Gia tr tra v la mt kiu Integer trong khoang t 0 (12:00A.M) n 23 (11:00P.M). Cu phap: HOUR(Serial_num) Tham s: Serial_num: La d liu kiu Time. Thi gian co th c nhp nh: - Mt chui ki t nm trong du nhay (vi du 5:30 PM) - Mt s thp phn (vi du 0,2145 m ta 5:08 AM) - Kt qua cua mt cng thc hay mt hm khac. 3. Ham MINUTE: Tra v phut cua d liu kiu Time a vao. Gia tr tra v la mt kiu Integer trong khoang t 0 n 59. Cu phap: MINUTE(Serial_num) Tham s: Serial_num: Tng t nh trong cng thc HOUR. 4. Ham SECOND: Tra v giy cua d liu kiu Time a vao. Gia tr tra v la mt kiu Integer trong khoang t 0 n 59. Cu phap: SECOND(Serial_num) Tham s: Serial_num: Tng t nh trong cng thc HOUR. 5. Ham NOW: Tra v ngay gi hin thi cua h thng. Cu phap: NOW() Ham nay khng co cac i s. VII. NHM HM D TM D LIU. 1. Ham VLOOKUP: Tim ra mt gia tr khac trong mt hang bng cach so sanh no vi cac gia tr trong ct u tin cua bang nhp vao. Cu phap: VLOOKUP(Lookup Value, Table array, Col idx num, [range lookup]) Cac tham s: - Lookup Value: Gia tr cn em ra so sanh tim kim. - Table array: Bang cha thng tin ma d liu trong bang la d liu so sanh. Vung d liu nay phai la tham chiu tuyt i. Nu gia tr Range lookup la TRUE hoc c bo qua, thi cac gia tr trong ct dung so sanh phai c sp xp tng dn. - Col idx num: s chi ct d liu ma bn mun ly trong phep so sanh. - Range lookup: La mt gia tr lun ly chi nh cho hm VLOOKUP tim gia tr chinh xac hoc tim gia tr gn ung. + Nu Range lookup la TRUE hoc bo qua, thi gia tr gn ung c tra v. Chu y: - Nu gia tr Lookup value nho hn gia tr nho nht trong ct u tin cua bang Table array, no se thng bao li #N/A. Vi du: =VLOOKUP(F11,$C$20:$D$22,2,0) Tim mt gia tr bng gia tr F11 trong ct th nht, va ly gia tr tng ng ct th 2. 2. Ham HLOOKUP: Tim kim tng t nh hm VLOOKUP nhng bng cach so sanh no vi cac gia tr trong hang u tin cua bang nhp vao. Cu phap:

HLOOKUP(Lookup Value, Table array, Col idx num, [range lookup]) Cac tham s tng t nh hm VLOOKUP. 3. Ham INDEX: Tra v mt gia tr hay mt tham chiu n mt gia tr trong phm vi bang hay vung d liu. Cu phap: INDEX(Array,Row_num,Col_num) Cac tham s: - Array: La mt vung cha cac hoc mt mang bt bin. Nu Array chi cha mt hang va mt ct, tham s Row_num hoc Col_num tng ng la tuy y. Nu Array co nhiu hn mt hang hoc mt ct thi chi mt Row_num hoc Col_num c s dng. - Row_num: Chn la hang trong Array. Nu Row_num c bo qua thi Col_num la bt buc. - Col_num: Chn la ct trong Array. Nu Col_num c bo qua thi Row_num la bt buc. 4.Ham MATCH: Hm Match cho kt qu l v tr tng i ca gi tr tm (lookup_value) trong mt mng (lookup_array) kt vi mt gi tr ch nh theo th t c bit (match_type). C php: MATCH(lookup_value,lookup_array,match_type) Cc tham s ca hm: - Lookup_value: L gi tr m ta dng tm gi tr m ta mong mun trong mt mng (lookup_array). Lookup_value c th l gi tr (s, text, hoc gi tr logic) hoc l mt tham chiu n mt s, text, hoc gi tr logic. - Lookup_array: Mng cha cc gi tr tm kim. Lookup_array c th l mng hoc tham chiu mng. - Match_type: L mt con s xc nh cch d tm: -1 hoc 0 (false) hoc 1 (true). Nu match_type c b qua th mc nhin c hiu l 1. + Match_type = -1: Tm gi tr nh nht trong lookup_array, ln hn hay bng gi tr d. Lookup_array phi c sp xp theo th t gim dn. + Match_type = 1 (true): Tm gi tr ln nht trong lookup_array, nh hn hay bng gi tr d. Lookup_array phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn. + Match_type = 0 (false): Tm gi tr u tin bng gi tr tm trong lookup_array. Lookup_array khng cn sp theo th t no c. Nu tm khng thy, hm cho gi tr l #N/A Khng phn bit gia ch hoa v ch thng. Nu match_type = 0 v lookup_value l text th trong lookup_value c th cha cc k t i din nh: + Du ?: Thay cho mt k t bt k. + Du *: Thay cho t hp (nhiu) k t bt k. V d: Hm MATCH: cho v tr xut hin ca Cell c tm thy trong mng, ch khng phi l gi tr ca Cell .

1 S Li Kh Thng Dng
y l 1 s li kh thng dng khi bn nhp sai d liu vo cc . Sau y l cch khc phc cho tng li: 1. "#####": Li rng. Khi ct thiu rng. Dng chut ko rng ct ra cho ph hp. Khi bn nhp gi tr ngy thng hoc thi gian l s m. 2. "#VALUE!": Li gi tr. Bn nhp vo cng thc mt chui trong khi hm yu cu mt s hoc mt gi tr logic. ang nhp mt hoc chnh sa cc thnh phn ca cng thc m nhn Enter.

Nhp qu nhiu tham s cho mt ton t hoc mt hm trong khi chng ch dng mt tham s. V d =LEFT(A2:A5) Thi hnh mt marco (lnh t ng) lin quan n mt hm m hm tr v li #VALUE! 3. "#DIV/0!": Li chia cho 0. Nhp vo cng thc s chia l 0. V d = MOD(10,0). S chia trong cng thc l mt tham chiu n trng. 4. "#NAME!": Sai tn. Bn dng nhng hm khng thng trc trong Excel nh EDATE, EOMONTH, NETWORKDAYS, WORKDAYS,... Khi cn phi vo menu Tools - Add-in. nh du vo tin ch Analysis ToolPak. Nhp sai tn mt hm s. Trng hp ny xy tra khi bn dng b g ting Vit ch Telex v tnh lm sai tn hm nh IF thnh , VLOOKUP thnh VLKUP. Dng nhng k t khng c php trong cng thc. Nhp mt chui trong cng thc m khng c ng v m du nhy i " " Khng c du 2 chm : trong dy a ch trong cng thc. 5. "#N/A": Li d liu. Gi tr tr v khng tng thch t [color=] [/color]cc hm d tm nh VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP, LOOKUP hoc MATCH. Dng hm HLOOKUP, VLOOKUP, MATCH tr v mt gi tr trong bng cha c sp xp. Khng ng nht d liu khi bn s dng a ch mng trong Excel. Qun mt hoc nhiu i s trong cc hm t to. Dng mt hm t to khng hp l. 6. "#REF!": Sai vng tham chiu. Xa nhng ang c tham chiu bi cng thc. Hoc dn nhng gi tr c to ra t cng thc ln chnh vng tham chiu ca cng thc . Lin kt hoc tham chiu n mt ng dng khng th chy c. 7. "#NUM!": Li d liu kiu s. Dng mt i s khng ph hp trong cng thc s dng i s l d liu kiu s. V d bn a vo cng thc s m trong khi n ch tnh s dng. Dng hm lp i lp li dn n hm khng tm c kt qu tr v. Dng mt hm tr v mt s qu ln hoc qu nh so vi kh nng tnh ton ca Excel. 8. "#NULL!": Li d liu rng. Dng mt dy ton t khng ph hp. Dng mt mng khng c phn cch.