Qun l cc tp tin

Di chuyn / lit k cc tp tin

pwd cd hin ln tn th mc ang lm vic vi di chuyn sang th mc /home/ngi_dng

Tp tin v th mc
cp file1 file2 cp file /thmc cp -r thmc1 thmc2 rsync -a thmc1 thmc2 mv file1 file2 mv thmc1 thmc2 mv file thmc mv file1 thmc/file2 mkdir thmc chp file1 sang file2 chp file vo th mc thmc chp ton b ni dung ca th mc thmc1 sang th mc thmc2 chuyn tn tp tin file1 thnh tn file2 chuyn tn thmc1 thnh thmc2 chuyn tp tin file vo th mc thmc chuyn file1 vo th mc thmc ng thi i tn tp tin thnh file2 to ra th mc thmc

Ni dung cc tp tin
cat file more file xut hin ni dung ca tp tin file trn mn hnh dng m ASCII xut hin ni dung ca tp tin file trn mn hnh theo ch tng trang mt : n phm Enter xung 1 dng ; n phm Space sang thm 1 trang ; n phm q thot. less ging nh more , nhng cho php dng phm [Page Down] xut hin s n dng u tin ca tp tin file xut hin s n dng cui cng ca file son tp tin file dng trnh son vi son tp tin file dng trnh son nano son tp tin file dng trnh son gedit xut hin cc dng cha ni dung chui trong tp tin file tm ni dung chui trong tt c cc tp tin trong th mc mang tn thmc ghi kt qu ca lnh lnh trong tp tin file b sung kt qu ca lnh lnh phn cui ca tp tin file

cd ~/Desktop di chuyn sang th mc /home/ngi_dng/Desktop cd .. cd /usr/apt di chuyn sang th mc cha (ngay trn th mc hin hnh) di chuyn sang th mc /usr/apt

less file head -n file tail -n file vi file nano file gedit file grep chui file grep -r chui thmc lnh > file lnh >> file

ls -l Thmc lit k danh mc tp tin trong th mc Thmc mt dir -l Thmc cch chi tit ls -a dir -a ls -d dir -d ls -t dir -d ls -S dir -S ls -l | more lit k tt c cc tp tin, k c cc tp tin n (thng c tn bt u bng mt du chm) lit k tn cc th mc nm trong th mc hin hnh xp li cc tp tin theo ngy to ra, bt u bng nhng tp tin mi nht xp li cc tp tin theo kch thc, t to nht n nh nht lit k theo tng trang mt, nh tin ch more

mkdir -p thmc1/thmc2 to ra th mc cha thmc1 v th mc con thmc2 cng lc rm file rmdir thmc rm -rf thmc ln -s file linkt xa b tp tin file trong th mc hin hnh xa b th mc trng mang tn thmc xa b th mc mang tn thmc vi tt c cc tp tin trong (force) to ra mt lin kt mang tn linkt n tp tin file (ni tt) tm tp tin mang tn file trong th mc thmc k c trong cc th mc con so snh ni dung ca 2 tp tin hoc ca 2 th mc

Quyn truy cp tp tin

chown tnngidng file xc nh ngi ch ca tp tin file l ngi dng mang tn tnngidng xc nh ngi ch ca th mc thmc, k c cc th mc con (-R) l ngi dng tnngidng chuyn tp tin file thnh s hu ca nhm ngi dng mang tn nhm giao (+) quyn thc hin (x) tp tin file cho ngi dng (u) rt (-) quyn ghi (w) file ca nhm (g) rt (-) quyn c (r) tp tin file ca nhng ngi dng khc (o) giao (+) quyn c (r) v ghi (w) file cho mi ngi (a) giao (+) quyn c (r) v vo bn trong th mc (x) thmc, k c tt c cc th mc con ca n (-R), cho tt c mi ngi (a)

find thmc -name file diff file1 file2

Nn v gii nn tp tin
tar xvf archive.tar gii phng cc tp tin c trong tp tin archive.tar , ng thi hin th cc tn tp tin gii nn cc tp tin c trong tp tin archive.tar.gz dng gzip v tar gii nn cc tp tin c trong tp tin archive.tar.bz2 dng bzip v tar to ra mt tp tin archive.tar cha cc tp tin file1, file2 to mt tp tin archive.tar.gz dng gzip cha ton b th mc thmc to tp tin nn file.txt.gz gii nn tp tin file.txt to tp tin nn file.txt.bz2 gii nn tp tin file.txt

chown -R tnngidng thmc chgrp nhm file chmod u+x file chmod g-w file chmod o-r file chmod a+rw file chmod -R a+rx thmc

tar xvfz archive.tar.gz tar jxvf archive.tar.bz2

tar cvf archive.tar file1 file2

T ghi nh

tar cvfz archive.tar.gz thmc gzip file.txt gunzip file.txt.gz bzip2 file.txt bunzip2 file.txt.bz2

ubuntu
GNU / Linux
Bn gc : 08/2006 Bn dch : 01/2007

Qun tr h thng
C bn
sudo command gksudo command sudo -k uname -r shutdown -h now lsusb lspci time command command1 | command2 clear thc hin lnh command vi t cch ngi siu dng (root) ging vi sudo nhng dng cho cc ng dng ho chm dt ch dng lnh c chc nng ca ngi siu dng cho bit phin bn ca nhn Linux khi ng li my tnh ngay lp tc lit k cc thit b usb hoc pci c mt trong my tnh cho bit thi gian cn thit thc hin xong lnh command chuyn kt qu ca lnh command1 lm u vo ca lnh command2 xo mn hnh ca ca s Thit b cui (terminal)

Gi phn mm
/etc/apt/sources.list tp tin xc nh ngun cc kho phn mm ti xung nhm ci mi hoc cp nht h thng cp nht danh sch cc gi phn mm cn c vo cc kho phn mm c trong tp tin sources.list cp nht cc gi phn mm ci ri nng cp phin bn Ubuntu ang c n phin bn mi tip theo ci phn mm soft ng thi gii quyt cc gi phn mm ph thuc loi b phn mm soft cng nh tt c cc gi phn mm trc thuc dpkg -c paquet.deb dpkg -I paquet.deb

gii quyt cc gi ph thuc) lit k ni dung ca gi paquet.deb hin th thng tin ca gi paquet.deb

apt-get update

Ch : cn ci cc gi phn mm apt-file, alien v deborphan nu mun dng chng.

Mng my tnh
/etc/network/interfaces uname -a ping a chIP ifconfig -a ifconfig eth0 a chIP ifdown eth0 ifconfig eth0 down ifup eth0 ifconfig eth0 up poweroff -i route add default gw a ch IP route del default thng tin cu hnh ca cc b phn giao din (interfaces) hin th tn ca my tnh trong mng (hostname) th ni mng n my c a ch IP hin th thng tin v tt c cc giao din mng ang c xc nh a ch IP cho giao din cc mng eth0 ngng hot ng giao din cc mng eth0 kch hot giao din cc mng eth0 ngng hot ng tt c cc ni mng xc nh a ch IP ca my lm cng dn n bn ngoi mng cc b b a ch IP mc nh ra khi mng cc b

apt-get upgrade apt-get dist-upgrade apt-get install soft apt-get remove soft

apt-get remove --purge soft loi b phn mm soft k c tp tin cu hnh ca phn mm soft apt-get autoclean apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache search soft xo b cc bn sao chp ca nhng gi phn mm b loi b hin th danh sch cc gi phn mm ang c cho bit danh sch cc gi phn mm c tn, hoc c phn m t, cha chui soft hin th phn m t ca gi phn mm soft hin th cc thng tin ca gi phn mm soft lit k cc gi phn mm cn thit cho gi phn mm soft lit k cc gi phn mm cn n gi phn mm soft cp nht thng tin cn c vo danh sch ngun phn mm trong tp tin sources.list xc nh tp tin file thuc gi phn mm no lit k cc tp tin c trong gi phn mm soft lit k cc gi phn mm m ci chuyn phn mm paquet.rpm thnh gi phn mm dng Debian paquet.deb (-d) v thc hin ci t lun (-i) ci t phn mm paquet.deb (khng

Tin trnh (Processus)

ps -ef ps aux ps aux | grep soft kill pid kill -9 pid xkill hin th tt c cc tin trnh c thc hin (pid et ppid) hin th chi tit cc tin trnh hin th cc tin trnh lin quan n chng khi ng soft bo chm dt tin trnh mang s pid yu cu h thng chm dt tin trnh pid chm dt mt ng dng theo dng ho (n chut vo ca s ca ng dng)

apt-cache show soft apt-cache showpkg soft apt-cache depends soft apt-cache rdepends soft apt-file update

Phn vng cng

/etc/fstab fdisk -l mkdir /media/diskusb mount /media/cleusb umount /media/cleusb mount -a mount -a -o remount fdisk /dev/hda1 mkfs.ext3 /dev/hda1 mkfs.vfat /dev/hda1 cha cc thng tin v cc cng v h thng tp tin c gn t dng hin th cc phn vng tch cc to th mc gn h thng tp tin ca thit b diskusb gn h thng tp tin diskusb tch ra h thng tp tin diskusb gn, tch ra hoc gn li tt c cc /thit b c trong tp tin /etc/fstab to mi v b phn vng trn cng IDE th nht to mt h thng tp tin ext3 trn phn vng /dev/hda1 to mt h thng tp tin fat32 trn phn vng /dev/hda1

apt-file search file

T ghi nh

apt-file list soft deborphan alien -di paquet.rpm

ubuntu
GNU / Linux
Bn gc : 08/2006 Bn dch : 01/2007

dpkg -i paquet.deb