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HE PHNG TRNH AI SO
TOM TAT GIAO KHOA
a1 x + b1 y = c1
a2 x + b2 y = c2
a. Dang :
(1)
Dx =
c1
c2
b1
= c1b2 c 2 b1
b2
Dy =
a1
a2
c1
= a1c 2 a 2 c1
c2
Bc 2: Bien luan
Dx
x = D
Neu D 0 th he co nghiem duy nhat
y = Dy
D
Neu D = 0 va D x 0 hoac D y 0 th he vo nghiem
Ap dung:
5 x 2 y = 9
V du1: Giai he phng trnh:
4 x + 3 y = 2
mx + y = m + 1
V du 2: Giai va bien luan he phng trnh :
x + my = 2
mx + 2 y = 3
V du 3: Cho he phng trnh :
x + my = 1
9
Xac nh tat ca cac gia tr cua tham so m e he co nghiem duy nhat (x;y) thoa x >1 va y > 0
( 2 < m < 0)
mx + 4 y = m + 2
V du 4: Vi gia tr nguyen nao cua tham so m he phng trnh
co nghiem duy nhat
x + my = m
(x;y) vi x, y la cac so nguyen.
II. He phng trnh bac hai hai an:
1. He gom mot phng trnh bac nhat va mot phng trnh bac hai hai an:
x + 2 y = 5
V du : Giai he: 2
2
x + 2 y 2 xy = 5
( m = 1 m = 3 )
2
2
2
x + y 3 x 3y = 16
xy + x + y = 2
x y + xy = 30
3( x + y ) + 2 xy + 9 = 0
x + y = 4
x 4 + y 4 = 34
7)
8)
x + y xy = 4
x + y = 2
3) (1;5),(5;1),(2;3),(3;2)
2) (2; 3),(3;2),(1 + 10;1 10),(1 10;1 + 10)
x 2 y + xy 2 = 30
5) 3
x + y 3 = 35
1) (0;2); (2;0)
x y + y x = 6
6)
x 2 y + xy 2 = 20
10
10
10
10
; 2
),(2
; 2 +
)
2
2
2
2
8) (1 2;1 + 2 ),(1 + 2;1 2 )
4) (3; 2),(2;3),(2 +
7) (4;4)
5) (2;3);(3;2)
6) (1;4),(4;1)
x + y = 1
V du2 : Vi gia tr nao cua m th he phng trnh sau co nghiem:
x x + y y = 1 3m
10
Ap dung:
V du: Giai cac he phng trnh sau:
2 x 2 + y = 3y 2 2
1) 2
2
2 y + x = 3 x 2
3 x + y =
4)
3y + x =
1
x2
1
y2
2 x 2 + xy = 3 x
2) 2
2 y + xy = 3 y
y2 + 2
=
3
y
x2
5)
2
3x = x + 2
y2
y 2 = x 3 3 x 2 + 2 x
3) 2
3
2
x = y 3y + 2 y
a1 x 2 + b1 xy + c1 y 2 = d1
2
2
a2 x + b2 xy + c2 y = d2
b. Cach giai:
x
x
y
= t hoac = t . Gia s ta chon cach at = t .
y
y
x
Khi o ta co the tien hanh cach giai nh sau:
Bc 1: Kiem tra xem (x,0) co phai la nghiem cua he hay khong ?
Bc 2: Vi y 0 ta at x = ty. Thay vao he ta c he mi cha 2 an t,y .T 2 phng trnh ta
kh y e c 1 phng trnh cha t .
Bc 3: Giai phng trnh tm t roi suy ra x,y.
at an phu
Ap dung:
V du: Giai cac he phng trnh sau:
2
2
3 x + 2 xy + y = 11
1) 2
2
x + 2 xy + 5y = 25
6 x 2 xy 2 y 2 = 56
2) 2
5 x xy y 2 = 49
2
x + y x + y + xy = 6
x( x 1) y ( y 1) = 36
11
3
2
2 x + 3 x y = 5
3) 3
2
y + 6 xy = 7
2
2
x y + x y = 5
3) 3
2
2
3
x x y xy + y = 6
x 3 + 7 x = y 3 + 7 y
2) 2
x + y 2 = x + y + 2
1
1
x x = y y
3)
2 y = x 3 + 1
--------------------------Het------------------------
12