TM HIU V H IU HNH ANDROID

Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

CHNG 1. 1.1 1.2

TNG QUAN V TI ............................................................................... 2

S lc v cc h iu hnh ............................................................................................. 2 ti v mc tiu ca ti............................................................................................. 4 C S L THUYT ........................................................................................ 5

CHNG 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

Gii thiu chung v hiu hnh android ............................................................................. 5 Kin trc h iu hnh android ......................................................................................... 7 H thng tp tin trn h iu hnh android ..................................................................... 12 So snh gia cc h iu hnh ........................................................................................ 16 THIT K V XY DNG CHNG TRNH .......................................... 18

CHNG 3. 3.1 3.2

Phn tch chc nng ....................................................................................................... 18 Xy dng chc nng....................................................................................................... 20 TRIN KHAI V NH GI KT QU .................................................... 24

CHNG 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3

Mi trng trin khai. .................................................................................................... 24 Kt qu chc nng ca chng trnh .............................................................................. 24 nh gi v nhn xt ...................................................................................................... 32 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN ...................................................... 33

CHNG 5. 5.1 5.2

Kt lun.......................................................................................................................... 33 Hng pht trin ............................................................................................................ 33

TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................................ 34

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I HC BCH KHOA NNG KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng

CHNG 1. 1.1

TNG QUAN V TI

S lc v cc h iu hnh

H iu hnh l chng trnh chy trn h thng my tnh, qun l cc ti nguyn trn my tnh v l mi trng cho cc chng trnh ng dng chy trn n. Ngy nay, khi nim h iu hnh khng ch l trn my vi tnh m cn c m rng cho nhiu thit b in t khc chng hn nh in thoi thng minh (smart phone), cc thit b cm tay PDA....v.v Nh vy h iu hnh di ng l h iu hnh chy trn h thng my c tnh di ng cao. Vi c th , h iu hnh di ng phi c nhng kh nng c bit m nhng h iu hnh thng thng khng c c. Chn hn nh n phi chy trn h thng my c cu hnh my hn ch v tc b vi x l, b nh s dng, phi chy c n nh lin tc trong mt thi gian di m ch s dng mt lng in nng nh, trong sut thi gian chy c th duy tr cc kt ni mng khng dy m bo vic lin lc. Mt s h iu hnh tiu biu : o Trn my tnh c nhn : MS DOS, MS WINDOW, MACOS, LINUX, UNIX, o Trn in thoi thng minh : Android, Sybian, Window Mobile, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, S60, Bada OS, Palm OS. Ngoi ra cn c cc h iu hnh chy trn mainframe, server, th chp, ...

1) Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh

Qun l chia s ti nguyn.Ti nguyn y l bao gm: o Ti nguyn phn cng (CPU, B nh, cc thit b IO) o Ti nguyn phn mm (Cc file, chng trnh dng chung)
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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

To lp mi trng o t ph thuc vo phn cng cc phn mm ng dng hot ng, phc v ngi dng.

2) Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

a. b. c. d. Thnh phn qun l tin trnh Thnh phn qun l b nh Thnh phn qun l nhp xut Thnh phn qun l tp tin Thnh phn bo v h thng Thnh phn dch lnh Thnh phn qun l mng Theo loi thit b m h iu hnh hot ng H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame H iu hnh dnh cho my Server H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC) H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard) Theo s user v s chng trnh cng hot ng H iu hnh n nhim mt ngi dng H iu hnh a nhim mt ngi dng H iu hnh a nhim nhiu ngi dng Theo gc ngi dng Mt ngi dng Nhiu ngi dng(Mng ngang hng, mng c my ch) Theo hnh thc x l H thng x l theo l H thng x l theo l a chng H thng chia s thi gian H thng song song H thng phn tn H thng x l thi gian thc

3) Phn loi h iu hnh

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1.2

ti v mc tiu ca ti
Tm hiu v h iu hnh android, vit chng trnh minh ha.

n Nguyn l h iu hnh ln ny ca chng em c giao ti.

Android l mt h iu hnh chy trn in thoi di ng c pht trin t nhn linux, mang nhiu c tnh c trng ca mt h iu hnh di ng nhng vn mang nhng tnh cht chung ca cc h iu hnh. L mt h iu hnh tr trung, hin i, tuy ra i mun nhng li c pht trin t linux, rt kinh nghim t nhiu h iu hnh i trc, c tch hp nhiu cng ngh tin tin v c bit l c pht trin t mt ng trm cng ngh tm c th gii l Google nn Android sm tm c ch ng ca mnh. Trong phm vi mt bi bo co, chng em s ch i n 2 vn sau y : Nghin cu v kin trc h iu hnh android So snh h iu hnh android vi cc h iu hnh khc bao gm cc h iu hnh trn my tnh PC v cc h iu hnh di ng khc. Nghin cu k h thng file trn android Phn demo, xy dng chng trnh th hin cu trc h thng file trn android v thc hin mt s thao tc nh to th mc, sao chp, di chuyn, i tn, xem thuc tnh, xem v chnh sa cc quyn hn trn file i vi ngi dng, nhm ngi dng.

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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

CHNG 2. 2.1

C S L THUYT

Gii thiu chung v hiu hnh android

Android l mt h iu hnh di ng da trn nn tng linux phin bn 2.6 dnh cho cc dng in thoi SmartPhone. u tin c ra i bi cng ty lin hp Android, sau c Google mua li v pht trin t nm 2005 v tr thnh mt h iu hnh di ng m ngun m, min ph, mnh m v c a chung cao trn th gii. H iu hnh android mt h iu hnh rt mnh mnh, c bo mt cao, h tr c nhiu cng ngh tin tin nh 3G, GPS, EDGE, Wifi.. tng thch vi nhiu phn cng, h tr nhiu loi b nhp d liu nh keyboard, touch v trackball. Android l h iu hnh di ng nn c kh nng kt ni cao vi cc mng khng dy. H tr cng ngh OpenGL nn c kh nng chi cc phng tin media, hot hnh cng nh trnh din cc kh nng ha khc cc tt, l tin pht trin cc ng dng c giao din phc tp chng hn nh l cc tr chi. Android lin tc c pht trin, mi bn cp nht t google l mi ln android c ti u ha hot ng tt hn, nhanh v n nh hn, h tr thm cng ngh mi. Chng hn nh theo mt nh gi th android phin bn 2.2 hot ng nhanh hn bn 2.1 ti 450%. Hin nay, phin bn mi nht 2.3 pht hnh ngy 6/12/2010 v ang tip tc c cp nht. Nm 2008, h iu hnh android chnh thc m ton b m ngun, iu cho php cc hng in thoi c th em m ngun v ty chnh, thit k li sao cho ph hp vi mi mu m in thoi ca h v iu quan trng na l h iu hnh m ny hon ton min ph, khng phi tr tin nn gip h tit kim kh ln chi ph pht trin h iu hnh. Nhng iu l cc k tt khng ch i vi cc hng sn xut in thoi nh m ngay c vi nhng hng ln nh Samsung, HTC.... Vi Google, v android hon ton min ph, Google khng thu tin t nhng hng sn xut in thoi, tuy khng trc tip hng li t android nhng b li, nhng dch v ca hng nh Google Search, Google Maps,... nh c android m c th d dng xm nhp nhanh vo th trng
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di ng v mi chic in thoi c sn xut ra u c tch hp hng lot dch v ca Google. T hng c th kim bi, ch yu l t cc ngun qung co trn cc dch v . Vi cc nh pht trin ng dng (developers), vic h iu hnh android c s dng ph bin ng ngha vi vic h c th thoi mi pht trin ng dng trn nn android vi s tin tng l ng dng s c th chy c ngay trn nhiu dng in thoi ca cc hng khc nhau. H t phi quan tm l ang pht trin cho in thoi no, phin bn bao nhiu v nn tng android l chung cho nhiu dng my, my o Java chu trch nhim thc thi nhng ng dng ph hp vi mi dng in thoi m n ang chy. Tt c cc chng trnh ng dng c vit bng ngn ng Java kt hp vi XML nn c kh nng kh chuyn cao. Mt s hng sn xut in thoi c s dng h iu hnh android tiu biu : HTC vi cc dng Desire HD, Evo 4G, DROID ERIS, Desire Z, Hero, Desire, Tattoo, Wildfire, Droid Incredible, Legend, Magic, Google Nexus One, Dream, Aria, Paradise LG vi cc dng GT540 Optimus, Optimus Chic E720, Optimus One P500, GW620, Optimus Z, Optimus Q, KH5200 Andro-1, GW880, C710Aloha MOTOROLA vi cc dng MILESTONE 2, BACKFLIP, Droid XTreme, MT710 ZHILING, MILESTONE, XT720 MOTOROI, A1680, XT800 ZHISHANG, DEFY, CHARM, XT806... SAMSUNG vi cc dng my I9000 Galaxy S, Galaxy Tab, Epic 4G, i5510, I5500 Galaxy 5, I7500 Galaxy, I5800 Galaxy 3, M110S Galaxy S, I6500U Galaxy, Galaxy Q, I5700 Galaxy Spica, I8520 Galaxy Beam, I909 Galaxy S SONY : XPERIA X10, XPERIA X10 mini, XPERIA X8 ACER vi cc dng my beTouch T500, Liquid E, Stream, Liquid, beTouch E110, beTouch E130, beTouch E400, beTouch E120, Liquid Metal Ngoi ra cn nhiu hng in thoi va v nh khc na cng s dng h iu hnh android trong sn phm ca mnh....

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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

2.2

Kin trc h iu hnh android

H iu hnh android c 4 tng t di ln trn l tng ht nhn Linux (Phin bn 2.6), tng Tng Libraries & Android runtime , Tng Application Framework v trn cng l tng Application.

1. Tng ht nhn Linux (Linux Kernel layer) H iu hnh android c pht trn da trn ht nhn linux, c th l ht nhn linux phin bn 2.6, iu c th hin lp di cng ny. Tt c mi hot ng ca in thoi mun thi hnh c th u c thc hin mc cp thp lp ny bao gm qun l b nh (memory management), giao tip vi phn cng (driver model), thc hin bo mt (security), qun l tin trnh (process).
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Tuy c pht trin da vo nhn linux nhng thc ra nhn linux c nng cp v sa i rt nhiu ph hp vi tnh cht ca nhng thit b cm tay nh hn ch v b vi x l, dung lng b nh, kch thc mn hnh, nhu cn kt ni mng khng dy... Tng ny c cc thnh phn ch yu : Display Driver : iu khin vic hin th ln mn hnh cng nh thu nhn nhng iu khin ca ngi dng ln mn hnh (di chuyn, cm ng...) Camera Driver : iu kin hot ng ca camera, nhn lung d liu t camera tr v. Bluetooth Driver : iu khin thit b pht v thu sng Bluetooth. USB driver : Qun l hot ng ca cc cng giao tip USB Keypad driver : iu khin bn phm Wifi Driver : Chu trch nhim v vic thu pht sng wifi Audio Driver : iu khin cc b thu pht m thanh, gii m cc tnh hiu dng audio thnh tn hiu s v ngc li Binder IPC Driver : Chu trch nhim v vic kt ni v lin lc vi mng v tuyn nh CDMA, GSM, 3G, 4G, E m bo nhng chc nng truyn thng c thc hin. M-System Driver : Qun l vic c ghi... ln cc thit b nh nh th SD, flash Power Madagement : Gim st vic tiu th in nng.

2. Tng Library v android runtime Phn ny c 2 thnh phn l phn Library v Android Runtime a. Phn Libraries. Phn ny c nhiu th vin c vit bng C/C++ cc phn mm c th s dng, cc th vin c tp hp thnh mt s nhm nh : Th vin h thng (System C library) : th vin da trn chun C, c s dng ch bi h iu hnh

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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

Th vin Media (Media Libraries) : C nhiu codec h tr vic pht v ghi cc loi nh dng m thanh, hnh nh, video thng dng. Th vin web (LibWebCore) : y l thnh phn xem ni dung trn web, c s dng xy dng phn mm duyt web (Android Browse) cng nh cc ng dng khc c th nhng vo. N cc k mnh, h tr c nhiu cng ngh mnh m nh HTML5, JavaScript, CSS, DOM, AJAX.. Th vin SQLite : H c s d liu cc ng dng c th s dng. .....

b. Phn Android runtime Phn ny cha cc th vin m mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng Java c th hot ng. Phn ny c 2 b phn tng t nh m hnh chy Java trn my tnh thng. Th nht l cc th vin li (Core Library) , cha cc lp nh JAVA IO, Collections, File Access. Th hai l mt my o java (Dalvik Virtual Machine) . Mc d cng c vit t ngn ng Java nhng mt ng dng Java ca h iu hnh android khng c chy bng JRE ca Sun (nay l Oracle) (JVM) m l chy bng my o Dalvik do Google pht trin. 3. Tng Application Framework. Tng ny xy dng b cng c - cc phn t mc cao cc lp trnh vin c th nhanh chng xy dng ng dng. N c vit bng Java, c kh nng s dng chung tit kim ti nguyn. y l mt nn tng m, iu c 2 iu li: c. Vi cc hng sn xut in thoi : C th ty bin ph hp vi cu hnh in thoi m h sn xut cng nh c nhiu mu m, style hp th hiu ngi dng. V th nn tuy cng chung nn tng android m in thoi ca Google c th khc hn vi Motorola, HTC, T-Mobile, Samsung... d. Vi lp trnh vin : Cho php lp trnh vin c th s dng cc API tng trn m khng cn phi hiu r cu trc bn di, to iu kin cho lp trnh vin t do sng to bi v ch cn quan tm n ni dung m ng dng h lm vic. Mt tp hp API rt hu ch c xy dng sn nh h thng nh v, cc dch v chy nn, lin lc gia cc ng dng, cc thnh phn giao din cp cao ...
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Gii thiu mt s thnh phn ca phn ny : a. Activity Manager : Qun l cc chu k sng ca mt ng dng cng nh cung cp cng c iu khin cc Activity. b. Telephony Manager : Cung cp cng c thc hin vic lin lc nh gi in thoi c. XMPP Service : Cung cp cng c lin lc trong thi gian thc d. Location Manager : Cho php xc nh v tr ca in thoi thoi da vo h thng nh v ton cu GPS v Google Maps. e. Window Manager : Qun l vic xy dng v hin th cc giao din ngi dng cng nh t chc qun l cc giao din gia cc ng dng. f. Notication Manager : Qun l vic hin th cc thng bo (nh bo c tin nhn, c e-mail mi..) g. Resource Manager : Qun l ti nguyn tnh ca cc ng dng bao gm cc file hnh nh, m thanh, layout, string. (Nhng thnh phn khng c vit bi ngn ng lp trnh) h. .....

4. Tng Application :

y l lp ng dng giao tip vi ngi dng, bao gm cc ng dng nh : Cc ng dng c bn, c ci t i lin vi h iu hnh l gi in(phone), qun l danh b(Contacts), duyt web (Browser), nhn tin (SMS), lch lm vic (Calendar), c e-mail (Email-Client), bn (Map), quay phim chp nh (camera)... Cc ng dng c ci thm nh cc phn mm chng khon (Stock), cc tr chi (Game), t in...

Cc chng trnh c cc c im l :
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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

11

Vit bng Java, phn m rng l apk Khi mi ng dng c chy, n c mt phin bn Virtual Machine c dng ln phc v cho n. N c th l mt Active Program : Chng trnh c giao din vi ngi s dng hoc l mt background : chng trnh chy nn hay l dch v. Android l h iu hnh a nhim, iu c ngha l trong cng mt thi im, c th c nhiu chng trnh cng chy mt lc, tuy nhin, vi mi ng dng th c duy nht mt thc th (instance) c php chy m thi. iu c tc dng hn ch s lm dng ti nguyn, gip h thng hot ng tt hn. Cc ng dng c gn s ID ca ngi s dng nhn phn nh quyn hn khi s dng ti nguyn, cu hnh phn cng v h thng. Android l mt h iu hnh c tnh m, khc vi nhiu h iu hnh di ng khc, android cho php mt ng dng ca bn th ba c php chy nn. Cc ng dng ch c mt hn ch nh l n khng c php s dung qu 5~10% cng sut CPU, iu nhn trnh c quyn trong vic s dng CPU. ng dng khng c im vo c nh, khng c phng thc main bt u.

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2.3

H thng tp tin trn h iu hnh android

Trong phm vi mt bi tm hiu v h iu hnh, em ch xin tm hiu r mt vn ca h iu hnh android l vn qun l h thng tp tin. Phn ny c im thun li tm hiu l v c pht trin t nhn linux nn h thng tp tin trn android cc k ging h thng tp tin trn linux nh l v cch t chc, nhng quyn hn ca ngi s dng ln file...

a. Tng quan v h thng file trn Android :

Trong android, cc file c t chc thnh cc th mc, theo m hnh phn cp. Tham chiu n mt file bng tn v ng dn. Cc cu lnh thao tc file cho php thc hin cc chc nng nh dch chuyn, sao chp ton b th mc cng vi cc th mc con cha trong n C th s dng cc k t, du gch di, ch s, du chm v du phy t tn file. Khng c bt u mt tn file bng du chm hay ch s. Nhng k t khc nh /, ?, *, l k t c bit c dnh ring cho h thng. Chiu di ca tn file c th ti 256 k t. Trong h iu hnh android c s phn bit tn file ch hoa v ch thng, iu c ngha l trong cng 1 th mc c th tn ti nhng file c tn l File, FILE, file.. v chng l nhng file khc nhau.. Tt c cc file trong android c chung cu trc vt l l chui cc byte (byte stream). Cu trc thng nht ny cho php android p dng khi nim file cho mi thnh phn d liu trong h thng. Th mc cng nh cc thit b c xem nh file. Chnh vic xem mi th nh cc file cho php android qun l v chuyn i d liu mt cch d dng. Mt th mc cha cc thng tin v th mc, c t chc theo mt nh dng c bit. Cc thnh phn c xem nh cc file, chng c phn bit da trn kiu file: ordinary file, directory file, character device file, v block device file.

b. Cc kiu file trn android:

Trong nhiu h iu hnh nh window, ngi ta phn bit r file (tp tin) v folder (hay directory : th mc) l 2 thnh phn khc hn nhau. Tuy nhin trn h iu hnh android

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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

13

(cng nh linux) th coi directory cng l file v n l mt loi file c bit. Thc t cn mt s loi file na c th lit k theo bng sau :
Ch ci biu din d b c l p s Kiu file Th mc (Directory) File kiu khi (block-type special file) File kiu k t (character-type special file) Lin kt tng trng (symbolic link) File ng ng (pipe) Socket File bnh thng (regular file)

Hnh 2: Bng lit k mt s kiu file trong Linux

c. T chc quyn s hu v quyn hn trn file:

Tng t trn h thng linux, trn h iu hnh android, mt file c th lin kt vi mt ngi s dng v mt nhm ngi s dng. S lin kt l mt tp hp cc quyn hn truy cp bao gm quyn c php c (read), c php ghi (write) v c php thc thi (execute). C th nh sau: Mt file s c nhng quyn hn tng ng vi 9 k t theo mu sau : Vi k t r w x ngha l c quyn tng ng vi k t vit tt , - ngha l khng c quyn hn . Owner Owner Group Other r/w/- x/r/w/- x/r/w/- x/3 k t u tin l quyn hn ch nhn file 3 k t gia l quyn hn ca nhm ti khon s hu file 3 k t cui l quyn hn ca nhng ngi khng thuc nhm s hu file. V d : Mt file c dy k t biu din quyn hn l rwxr-xrth iu c ngha : 3 k t u l rwx : Ch nhn c th c, ghi v thc thi file 3 k t tip theo l r-x th nhm ti khon s hu file c quyn c v thc thi file ch khng c quyn ghi, chnh sa file. 3 k t cui l r-- ngha l nhng ngi khng s hu file ch c php c m khng th chnh sa hay thc thi file.
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I HC BCH KHOA NNG KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng

Trn h thng android, bit xem c quyn hn , ta c th s dng cu lnh ls l d. V d : ls -l -d /mnt/sdcard/QuangHoa xem quyn hn ca file /mnt/sdcard/QuangHoa th c th tr v kt qu nh sau
d---rwxr-x system sdcard_rw 2010-12-29 21:00 QuangHoa

Th nhng thng tin c th ly v l : o K t u tin l ch d : vy file c kiu l th mc hay l file bao hm o Chui ghi quyn hn l ---rwxr-x th c ngha (---)Ngi s hu khng c php c, ghi, thc thi file (rwx) Nhm ti khon s hu c php c, ghi, thc thi file r-x : Nhng ngi khng s hu file c php c v thc thi file nhng khng c php chnh sa hay ghi ln file. o Chui miu t file : sdcard_rw ngha l y thuc thit b th nh sd, c v ghi c. o 2010-12-29 21:00 Thi gian chnh sa ln cui o QuangHoa : tn ca file. Ngoi ra c 2 lnh khc cng hu dng l lnh chown thay i quyn s hu file, lnh chmod thay i quyn hn lin quan n file v lnh chgrp thay i nhm ngi s hu file.

d. Cy th mc trn h iu hnh android:

Th mc (hay c th gi l file) root l th mc gc ca tt c cc file th mc cn li. Di n c cha mt s file th mc h thng. Mi th mc (tr th mc root) u c mt th mc cha cha n, bn thn n cng c th c nhiu file th mc con. Cu trc c th m t bng mt cy th mc c dng nh sau :
/root

var

ect

mnt

system

cache

framework

bin

lost+found

font

lib

app

V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4

Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android

15

Gii thiu mt vi th mc tiu biu : o /(root) : L th mc gc. L th mc duy nht khng c th mc cha o / mnt : th mc cha thit b lu ng (removeable) o /system : cha nhng thnh phn c bn nht ca h thng o /ect : cha nhng file cu hnh ca h thng, n cc k quan trng v s hot ng ca h thng u b chi phi nhng file cu hnh ny. o /system/lost+found : cha nhng tp tin b mt lc khi ng my o /system/font : cha nhng font ch hin th c o /system/lib : cha cc th vin cc phn mm hot ng (cc phn mm vit bng ngn ng java) o /system/app : cha cc file apk ca phn mm. (Cc file ci t ng dng, kiu nh MSI trong window hay dev trong Linux) o /system/bin : Cha cc chng trnh ni tr ca h thng. o .... -

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I HC BCH KHOA NNG KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng

2.4

So snh gia cc h iu hnh 1) So snh gia h iu hnh di ng v h iu hnh trn desktop.

Ging nhau v bn cht h iu hnh, nhng thnh phn li h iu hnh. Khc nhau : o H iu hnh di ng : hot ng trn cc thit b nh gn, hn ch nht l v vn nng lng. Pin th c hn, v th tt c cc thnh phn trn thit b u phi ti u tit kim pin, iu ny sinh nhiu mu thun vi nhu cu s dng ca ngi dng. Mn hnh cng ln v cng sng th s tn in cng nhiu. B nh ln th chi ph v in cng s cao. B vi x l cng nhanh th cng tn in. iu cha k n vic thit b di ng th phi nh gn, nh nhng, v vy cng nng vic phi ti u phn cng. Khi h iu hnh di ng cng c trch nhim phi ti u hot ng ca mnh tit kim nng lng mt cch ti a. N phi qun l cc ng dng khng cc ng dng chy chim qu nhiu ti nguyn, trnh s c quyn, xung t, tranh chp ti nguyn gia cc ng dng trong khi cc h iu hnh chy desktop th t ch hn. H iu hnh di ng lun c b cng c qun l in nng s dng trong my, trong nhng tnh hung cn thit th h thng s t tt nhng ng dng khng cn thit duy tr cc chng trnh cn thit hn hot ng. a s cc h iu hnh trn desktop u cho php nhiu ng dng chy ng thi (a nhim) v kh t do. Trong khi , cc h iu

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hnh chy trn di ng thng khng cho php chy a nhim, hoc c a nhim th cc ng dng b gii hn kh nhiu. o Vic hin th giao din trn mt khung hnh nh cng iu kh khn hn so vi h iu hnh chy trn desktop, thng th trn h iu hnh di ng gn nh khng c giao din ca s cho php nhiu ng dng cng hin th mt lc m ch l mt giao din m trn mi thi im ch hin th mt giao din ca mt ng dng m thi. o H iu hnh di ng phi c kh nng hot ng lin tc khng ngng ngh m bo lin lc, m bo kt ni ca thit b ti mng khng dy cn kt ni trong khi vn di chuyn. V th cn c thit k c bit hn so vi h iu hnh trn desktop.

2) So snh h iu hnh android vi cc h iu hnh di ng khc.

Ging nhau : u l h iu hnh di ng nn mang y bn cht ca h iu hnh di ng ni chung. ( cp trn) Khc nhau : o Android l h iu hnh m ngun m v min ph trong khi cc h iu hnh di ng cn li u l ngun ng v c ph (khi mt hng th hai s dng) o Android c pht trin t nhn linux do n c th chy tt trn nhiu dng in thoi khc nhau. C tng thch cao vi cc loi phn cng khc nhau nhiu hn so vi cc h iu hnh di ng cn li. o Cc ng dng chy trn android c vit bng Java trong khi , ng dng trn cc h iu hnh khc ch yu l vit bng C/C++/Object C. Ngay c symbian c h tr Java th cng khc so vi android, trong khi h iu hnh android s dng my o Java l Dalvik VM do chnh Google pht trin th Symbian li s dng my o Java l J2ME ca Sun.

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CHNG 3. 3.1

THIT K V XY DNG CHNG TRNH

Phn tch chc nng

Vi yu cu gii thiu, demo cho h thng qun l tp tin trn android, chng trnh chng em xy dng s c cc chc nng nh sau : 1) Hin th mt list bao gm cc file trong mt th mc. Khi ngi dng chn 1 file trong : a. Nu file l file bao hm (th mc) th chuyn list hin th danh sch

file trong th mc . b. Nu file l file thng thng th m file bng chng trnh thch

hp chng hn nh file hnh nh th m chng trnh xem nh, file nhc th m chng trnh chi nhc... 2) Ci t mt menu cho php ngi dng chn cc chc nng nh sau : Properties : Xem v sa cha thuc tnh ca file Delete : Xa file Copy : t file chun b sao chp Cut : t file chun b di chuyn sang ni khc Paste : Thc hin lnh sao chp hoc di chuyn file t trc . Rename : i tn file Create new directory : To th mc mi (ti th mc hin hnh) Refresh : Cp nht li danh sch file Go home : Tr v th mc gc (/)

Go up : Tr ln th mc cha (C th dng phm back trn in thoi thc hin nhanh lnh ny) Exit : Thot chng trnh About : Xem gii thiu

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Android Explorer

Sao chp file Di chuyn file i tn file Xa file To th mc Xem thuc tnh i quyn hn trn file i th mc hin hnh Hin th danh sch file M file bng chng trnh lin kt

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3.2

Xy dng chc nng

1) To danh sch file trong mt th mc

Bt u

Ly danh sch file trong th mc

Sai

Cn file cha x l

ng

Hin th

Ly 1 file cha x l

Da vo kiu file v phn m rng ca file t biu tng thch hp

Kt thc

2) M chng trnh lin kt Ly chui nh kiu lin kt vi file

Bt u

Khi ng activity

To i tng Itent. Chun b cc tham s bao gm kiu activity, hnh ng, d liu truyn vo

Kt thc

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3) Xem v sa thuc tnh ca file a. Xem thuc tnh file

Bt u

Thc thi lnh ls

Sai

InputStream v ErrorStream cha sn sng

ng

ng

InputStream sn sng
Sai

Ch i

c inputstream Tch thng tin Hin th kt qu b. i thuc tnh file

Bo li

Kt thc

Bt u

Nhn yu cu

Thc thi lnh chmod

Sai

InputStream v ErrorStream cha sn sng

ng

ng

ErrorStream sn sng

Sai

Ch i

Bo li

Kt thc

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4) Xa file

Bt u:

Sai

File cn xa l file bao hm

ng

Xa file hin ti

To danh sch file

Xa file cn xa

ng

Sai

Cn file trong danh sch

File hin ti l file bao hm

ng

Kt thc

5) Sao chp file

Sai

Bt u:

File cn xa l file bao hm

ng

To danh sch file copy file hin ti ti ch To file ch bao hm

ng Sai

Copy file ti ch Cn file trong danh sch

Sai

File hin ti l file bao hm

ng

Kt thc

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6) Di chuyn file v i tn file Hai chc nng ny java h tr kh tt ri, nn khng xy dng li na, s dng phng thc rename t File f1 sang File f2. Nu f1 v f2 cng chung th mc th l chc nng rename, nu khc th mc th l phng thc di chuyn file.

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CHNG 4. 4.1

TRIN KHAI V NH GI KT QU

Mi trng trin khai.

H iu hnh Microsoft Window 7 IDE : Eclipse Helios & ADT Plugin Android SDK, Plasform Android 2.2, API 8, revision 2

Chng trnh c thc hin trn :

4.2

Kt qu chc nng ca chng trnh

Sau y l kt qu demo chy chng trnh :

Giao din chnh, xem danh sch file. Hin th menu...

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Xem menu n. Chn menu more hin th

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Xem hnh nh khi m file c ui jpg, jpe, bmp...

Chi nhc khi m file mp3

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Khung thuc tnh ca file khi chn 1 file v chn menu Properties

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Khung thuc tnh th mc khi chn 1 th mc v chn menu Properties

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Thay i quyn hn ca file khi bm button Change permission t hp thoi properties

i tn file khi chn file v chn chc nn rename t menu

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Chn lnh xa file t menu

To th mc mi

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Hp thoi copy file khi yu cu copy file

Hp thoi gii thiu.

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4.3

nh gi v nhn xt

Android l mt h iu hnh di ng hin i, c tim nng pht trin cao. Hin nay s dng rng ri nhiu hng in thoi v thc s tr thnh mt tp on in thoi mnh m khi cnh tranh vi nhng dng in thoi khc nh iPhone, Window Phone, Sysbian.. Android c ngun gc t nhn Linux nn c tha hng nhng c tnh qu bu ca linux, nht l v bo mt v hiu nng hot ng cao. Khng nhng th, t nhn linux c ti u, ci thin ph hp vi h thng in thoi nn n c kh nng ty bin, tng thch cao vi nhiu mu in thoi ca nhiu hng khc nhau. H iu hnh android c tch hp nhiu cng ngh hin i, h tr phn cng tt, lin tc c cp nht nhng phin bn mi hn, hot ng tt hn. C nhiu API hu ch cho cc nh pht trin phn mm, nh pht trin ROM c th xy dng nn nhiu ng dng, h thng khc nhau. Android l h iu hnh a nhim mt ngi dng. Tnh a nhim cho php cng mt thi gian, ngi dng c th chy c nhiu nhiu ng dng lm c nhiu vic khc nhau. Tuy nhin, mi ng dng trn android th ch c php chy vi mt thc th m thi. H thng qun l tp tin trong android l c pht trin t linux nn c nhiu c im ging vi h thng qun l tp tin trn linux. l nhng c im v quy tc t tn file, ng dn th mc, h thng cy th mc, nhng th mc c trng, h thng quyn hn ca file i vi ngi/ nhm s dng trn h thng. Cng ging nh linux, trn android c th thc thi nhiu lnh lin quan n h thng file nh chmod, chown, chgrp... chnh sa thuc tnh, h thng quyn hn trn file.

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CHNG 5.
5.1 Kt lun

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

Nhng kt qu t c Biu din c h thng file trn android. Xem c cu trc ca cy th mc mt cch trc quan. S dng chng trnh c th ni l d dng v danh sch th mc d nhn, menu chn c xy dng sn. Xy c nhiu chc nng thao tc vi file nh xem v chnh sa quyn hn file, sao chp, di chuyn, i tn, xa file. Lin kt file vi chng trnh ci t, iu cho php m file nhc, video, hnh nh vi chng trnh c trong my. Nhng mt hn ch Chng trnh c xy dng trn emulator m phng ch cha thc s chy trn phn cng tht. Cng v ch chy trn emulator nn chc nng chnh sa quyn hn thc hin cha c tt do khng ng nhp bng ti khon tht. 5.2 Hng pht trin Xy dng nhiu chc nng tch hp hn x l file Xy dng ng dng c ty bin hn v giao din, chc nng thc hin Chy c tht trn emulator c kt qu thc t hn.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Trn H Thy Tin. Gio trnh nguyn l h iu hnh. i hc Bch khoa Nng, 2009. [2] Mark L. Murphy. The Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development. CommonsWare, LLC [3] Mark L. Murphy. Beginning Android Apress [4] Sayed Y. Hashimi v Satya Komatineni Pro Android Appress [5] Trang pht trin android http://developer.android.com/

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