6 - Chuyên đề HHGT trong GK - Nam

Chuyn : Hnh hc gii tch trong khng gian HBM Tnh ng Thp
GII PHP NNG CAO CHT LNG MN TON

Vn phng php ta trong khng gian dnh cho hc sinh trung bnh yu
I) THC TRNG DY V HC HHGT TRONG KHNG GIAN:
- i vi Gio vin: Dy hc cn ch quan, cha thng nht ni dung
ging dy, cha c iu kin hc hi trao i chuyn mn, cn lng tng trong
i mi phng php dy hc, ...
- i vi hc sinh: a s mt cn bn, kh ly li cn bn hn b mn
khc, khng bit phng php hc, ham chi, cha xc nh c ng c hc
tp....
- i vi gia nh hc sinh: t quan tm vic hc ca con em mnh lo lm
kinh t, thng giao ph vic hc tp ca con em cho nh trng...
- Chng trnh sch gio khoa: Cn nng v l thuyt mang tnh hn lm.
cha c s thng nht hi ha gia 2 b sch cng nh quan im trnh by...
- C s vt cht cha p ng trong vic i mi phng php dy hc,
nh cha c phng hc b mn, vic s dng cng ngh thng tin vo dy hc
cn hn ch...
II) MT S GII PHP:
Gio vin cn chun b tt yu cu sau:
- Thng xuyn t hc hi trao i chuyn mn.
- Nghin cu tht k chun kin thc dy kin thc chun cho hc sinh.
- Cn nghin cu cc thi Tt nghip THPT nhng nm gn y, trong
hnh hc gii tch trong khng gian chim 1/5 s im (2 im). Cu hi trong
thi cho theo chun kin thc (kin thc c bn)
- Ni dung. Ch c 3 phn chnh:
- Gio vin lp 12 dy tht k phn ny, sao cho mi hc sinh u lm
c, nhc li nhiu ln v cho bi tp tng t cng c sau tng ni dung dy.
+ C th: phi m bo cc kin thc chun trng tm v rn luyn
k nng gii c cc cc dng ton sau:
GV: Nguyn Thnh Nam 1 Trng THPT Trn Vn Nng
1) H trc ta trong khng gian
- Tnh dc ta cc php ton ca 2 vect: tng, hiu, tnh 1 s vi 1
vct, tnh v hng 2 vec t
- Khong cch 2 im
- Xc nh tm, bn knh mt cu cho trc
- vit c phng trnh mt cu
2) Phng trnh mt phng
- Xc nh vect php tuyn ca mt phng. (Tnh c hng 2 vect)
- Bit cch vit phng trnh mt phng. (xc nh 2 yu t)
- Tnh khong cch t mt im n mt phng
3) Phng trnh ng thng
- Bit cch vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
- T cc phng trnh ca 2 ng thng, bit cch xc nh v tr tng
i ca 2 ng thng
* :
- y l bi tp c bn gio vin dy tht k, mi phn phi lm v d mu
v cho v d tng t, hc sinh gii bi tp ti lp v nh lm li.
- Hng dn hc sinh bit tm tt trng tm bi. yu cu cn t
- Son tit dy c bi tp cng loi (tng t) v nh lm li (gio vin
kim tra bi lm tit dy sau)
- Sau khi gii xong mt dng ton gio vin cho bi tp t luyn c hng
dn gip hc sinh hiu v vn dng lm c bi tp nh
- Trong khi gii bi tp gio vin khuyn khch cho hc sinh gii nhanh
cho im khuyn khch, kch thch s hc tp ca hc sinh qua dy cc bi tp
ton tng t.
- ng vin, khuyn khch hc sinh ln bng, xung phong gii bi tp,
khen hc sinh c tin b, c c gng, .... Tuyt i khng dng t ng ch bai
cc em, m bnh tnh, kin nhn ng vin hc sinh yu..
- Sau mi bi, ht phn (Chng) c tm tt trng tm phng php gii
v c h thng bi tp t rn luyn (tham kho SGK v SBT).
III/ CC VN C TH XUT DNH CHO HC SINH CHUN:
1. TA TRONG KHNG GIAN
A. CC KIN THC C BN
1. Ta im v vc t :
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz:
1. ( ; ; )
M M M M M M
M x y z OM x i y j z k + +
uuuur r r r
2.
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a
r

1 2 3
a a i a j a k + +
r r r r
2. Bi u thc ta cc php ton vc t
Trong khng gian Oxyz Cho
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a
r
v
1 2 3
( ; ; ) b b b b
r
ta c

1 1 2 2 3 3
( ; ; ) a b a b a b a b t t t t
r r
1 2 3
. ( ; ; ) k a ka ka ka
r
1 1
2 2
3 3
a b
a b a b
a b

'
r r
a
r
v b
r
cng phng
1 1
2 2
3 3
:
a kb
k R a kb a kb
a kb

'
r r
Cho A(x
A
;y
A
;z
A
), B(x
B
;y
B
;z
B
) th ( ; ; )
B A B A B A
AB x x y y z z
uuur
l trung im AB th M

,
_
+ + +
2
;
2
;
2
B A B A B A
z z y y x x
3. T ch v hng v ng dng
Trong khng gian Oxyz, tch v hng ca
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a
r
v
1 2 3
( ; ; ) b b b b
r
l:
1 1 2 2 3 3
. . os(a; ) a b a b c b a b a b a b + +
r r r r r r
2 2 2
1 2 3
a a a a + +
r
2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( )
B A B A B A
AB x x y y z z + +
1 1 2 2 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
. . .
s( , )
.
a b a b a b
co a b
a a a b b b
+ +
+ + + +
r r
(vi 0 , 0 a b
r r r r
)
a
r
v b
r
vung gc 1 1 2 2 3 3
. . . 0 a b a b a b + +
4. Phng trnh mt cu
Mt cu (S) tm I(a;b;c) bn knh r c phong trnh (x-a)
2
+ (y-b)
2
+ (z-c)
2
= r
2

Phng trnh : x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+ 2Ax + 2By + 2Cz + D = 0 vi
A
2
+B
2
+C
2
-D > 0
l phng trnh mt cu tm I(-A;-B;-C) , bn knh
2 2 2
r A B C D + + .
B. BI TP:
Bi 1.
Vit ta ca cc vect say y:
2 a i j

+
+ K 3 ;
7 8 b i k

;
9 c k

;
Bi 2.
Cho ba vect
a
= ( 2; -1 ; 0 ),
b
= ( -1; -2; 2) ,
c
= (-2 ; 1; 0 ).
a. Tm ta ca vect :
v
= -2
a
+ 3
b
- 5
c
v
u
= 3
a
- 2
c
b. Chng t
b
v
c
Bi 3. Cho 2 vect
a
= (1; 2; 3) Tm ta ca vect
x
, bit rng:
a)
0 a x

+
b)
4 a x a

+

Bi 4.
Cho ba im khng thng hng:
(1;3; 7), ( 5; 2; 0), (0; 1; 1). A B C

a. Tm ta trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
b. Tnh chu vi tam gic ABC
c. Tm ta im D t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
d. Tm ta dim M sao cho GM GA 2
Bi 5.
Cho hnh hp ABCD.A'B'C'D', A(1; 0; 1), B(2; 1; 2), D(1; -1; 1), C'(4; 5; -5).
a. Tm ta cc nh cn li.
b. Tm ta trng tmG, G ln lt ca t din A.ABD v C.CBD
c. Chng t rng: 3GG = AC
Bi 6:
Xc nh ta ca tm v bn knh ca cc mt cu c phng trnh sau y :
a. 0 1 2 8
2 2 2
+ + + + y x z y x
b. 0 4 2 8 4
2 2 2
+ + + + z y x z y x
c.
0 7 5 2 4
2 2 2
+ + z y x z y x
d. 0 3 9 3 6 3 3 3
2 2 2
+ + + + z y x z y x
Bi 7.
Vit phng trnh mt cu:
a. Tm I(2;1;-1), bn knh R = 4.
b. i qua im A(2;1;-3) v tm I(3;-2;-1).
c. Hai u ng knh l A(-1;2;3), B(3;2;-7)
d. i qua bn im (0; 0; 0), A(2; 2; 3), B(1; 2; -4), C(1; -3; -1)
e. i qua im A(1;3;0) ,B(1;1;0) v tm I thuc 0x.
2. PHNG TRNH MT PHNG
C. CC KIN THC C BN
1. Vc t php tuyn ca mt phng:
l vct php tuyn ca mt phng ()
()
2. Phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng
* nh ngha:
Trong khng gian Oxyz phng trnh dng Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
vi A
2
+B
2
+C
2
0 c gi l phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng
Mt phng (P) : Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 c vct php tuyn l ( ; ; ) n A B C
r
Mt phng (P) i qua im M
0
(x
0
;y
0
;z
0
) v nhn ( ; ; ) n A B C
r
lm vect php
tuyn c phng trnh dng: A(x-x
0
) + B(y-y
0
) + C(z-z
0
) = 0.
Nu (P) c cp vect
1 2 3 1 2 3
( ; ; ) , b ( ; ; ) a a a a b b b
r r
khng cng phng v c gi
song song hoc nm trn (P) th vect php tuyn ca (P) c xc nh
n =
2 3 3 1 1 2
2 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 1
2 3 3 1 1 2
a a a a a a
, ; ; ( ; ; )
b b b b bb
a b ab ab ab ab ab ab
_
1

]
,
r r
* Cc trng hp ring ca phng trnh mt phng
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho mp(
)
: Ax + By + Cz + D = 0. Khi :
D = 0 khi v ch khi (
)
i qua gc ta .
A=0 ,B
0
,C
0
, D
0
khi v ch khi
( )
song song vi trc Ox
A=0 ,B = 0 ,C 0 , D 0 khi v ch khi
( )
song song mp (Oxy )
A,B,C,D 0 . t
, ,
D D D
a b c
A B C

Khi
( ): 1
x y z
a b c
++
(Cc trng hp cn li xt tng t)
3. V tr tng i ca hai mt phng
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho (
): Ax+By+Cz+D = 0, (
):Ax+By+Cz+D= 0
(
)ct (
) A : B : C A: B: C
(
) // (
) A : A = B : B = C : C D : D
(
) (
) A : B : C : D = A: B: C: D
c bit
(
) (
)
1 2
. 0 . ' . ' . ' 0 n n A A B B C C + +
ur uur
4. Khong cch t mt im n mt mt phng
Khong cch t M
0
(x
0
;y
0
;z
0
) n mp(): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 cho bi cng thc :
0 0 0
0
2 2 2
Ax By Cz D
d(M , )
A B C
+ + +

+ +
D. BI TP
Bi 1.
Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M v c vtpt n
r
bit
a. im ( ) ( ) M 3;1;1 , n 1;1;2
r
b. ( ) ( ) M 2;7;0 , n 3;0;1
r
c, ( ) ( ) M 4; 1; 2 , n 0;1;3
r
d, ( ) ( ) M 2;1; 2 , n 1;0;0
r
Bi 2:
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho bn im A( 3;-2;-2), B(3;2;0), C(0;2;1), D(-1;1;2)
a. Vit phng trnh mt phng (ABC).
b. Vit phng trnh mt phng trung trc ca on AC.
c. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha AB v song song vi CD.
d. Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha CD v vung gc vi
mp(ABC)
Bi 3.
Lp phng trnh mp
( )
i qua im M v song song vi mp
( )
bit:
a.
( ) ( ) ( ) M 2;1;5 , Oxy
b.
( ) ( ) M 1;1;0 , :x 2y z 10 0 +
c.
( ) ( ) M 1; 2;1 , : 2x y 3 0 +
d.
( ) ( ) M 3;6; 5 , : x z 1 0 +
Bi 4:
Lp phng trnh ca mt phng (P) i qua M(1;1;1) v
a. Song song vi cc trc 0x v 0y.
b. Song song vi cc trc 0x,0z.
c. Song song vi cc trc 0y, 0z.
Bi 6:
Lp phng trnh ca mt phng i qua 2 im M(1;-1;1) v B(2;1;1) v :
a. Cng phng vi trc 0x.
b. Cng phng vi trc 0y.
c. Cng phng vi trc 0z.
Bi 7 :
Lp phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) bit :
a. (P) i qua im A(-1;3;-2) v nhn ); 4 , 3 , 2 ( n lm VTPT.
b. (P) i qua im M(-1;3;-2) v song song vi (Q): x+2y+z+4=0.
c. (P) i qua I(2;6;-3) v song song vi cc mt phng to
Bi 8:
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x + y - z - 6 = 0
a. Vit phng trnh mp (Q) i qua gc ta O v song song vi mp (P).
b. Tnh khong cch t gc ta n mt phng (P). ( TNPT nm 1993 )
B i 9*:
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai mt phng (P): x + y z +5 = 0 v (Q): 2x z = 0
a. Chng t hai mt phng ct nhau
b. Lp phng trnh mt phng () qua giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
(P) v (Q) v i qua A(-1;2;3).
c. Lp phng trnh mt phng () qua giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
(P) v (Q) v song song vi Oz.
d. Lp phng trnh mt phng (
) i qua gc ta O v vung gc
vi hai mt phng (P) v (Q).
Bi 10:
Lp phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) trong cc trng hp sau:
a. i qua hai im A(0;-1;4) v c cp VTCP l
( ) 3; 2;1 a
r
v ( ) 3; 0;1 b
r
b. i qua hai im B(4;-1;1) v C(3;1;-1) v cng phng vi trc 0x.
Bi 11:
Cho t din ABCD c A(5;1;3) B(1;6;2) C(5;0;4) D(4;0;6) .
a. Vit phng trnh tng qut cc mt phng (ABC) (ACD) (ABD) (BCD).
b. Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua cnh AB v song song vi CD.
Bi 12:
Vit phng trnh tng qut ca (P)
a. i qua ba im A(1;0;0), B(0;2;0) , C(0;0;3) .
b. i qua A(1;2;3) ,B(2;2;3) v vung gc vi mt phng (Q) : x+2y+3z+4=0
c. Cha 0x v i qua A(4;-1;2) ,
d. Cha 0y v i qua B(1;4;-3)
Bi 15:
Cho hai im A(3;2;3) B(3;4;1) trong khng gian 0xyz
a. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) l trung trc ca AB.
b. Vit phng trnh mp(Q) qua A vung gc (P) v vung gc vi (y0z)
c. Vit phng trnh mt phng (R) qua A v song song vi mp(P).
Bi 16:
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai mt phng (P): 2x + ky + 3z 5 = 0 v
(Q): mx - 6y - 6z + 2 = 0
a. Xc nh gi tr k v m hai mt phng (P) v (Q) song song nhau,
lc hy tnh khong cch gia hai mt phng.
b. Trong trng hp k = m = 0 gi (d) l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q)
Bi 17:
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh bng 1.
a. Chng minh rng mp(ABD) song song mp(BCD)
b. Tnh khong cch gia hai mt phng trn.
c. Chng minh rng AC vung gc (BBDD)
3. PHNG TRNH NG THNG TRONG KHNG GIAN
E. CC KIN THC C BN
1. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng :
* Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im M
0
(x
0
;y
0
;z
0
) v c
vec t ch phng
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a
r
:

0 1
0 2
0 3
(t R)
x x a t
y y a t
z z a t
+
+
'
* Nu a
1
, a
2
, a
3
u khc khng. Phng trnh ng thng vit di
dng chnh tc nh sau:

0 0 0
1 2 3
x x y y z z
a a a

2. V tr tng i ca cc ng thng v cc mt phng
1. V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Trong Kg Oxyz cho hai ng thng

' '
1
1
' '
2 2
' '
0 3
3
'
: ' : '
'
o
o
o o
o
x x a t
x x a t
d y y a t d y y a t
z z a t
z z a t
+
+
+ +
' '

+
+

d c vtcp ) ; ; (
3 2 1
a a a a i qua M(x
o
;y
o
z
o
);
dc vtcp ) ; ; (
'
3
'
2
'
1
'
a a a a i qua M
(x
o
;y
o
z
o
);
a. a ,
'
a
cng phng
d // d
'
'
'
.
d M
a k a
d d
'
'
'
.
d M
a k a
b. a ,
'
a
khng cng phng

' '
1 1
' '
2 2
' '
0 3 3
'
'
'
o o
o o
o
x a t x a t
y a t y a t
z a t z a t
+ +
+ +
'
+ +
(I)
d ct d H Phng trnh (I) c mt nghim
d cho d H Phng trnh (I) v nghim
2. V tr tng i ca ng thng v mt phng
Trong Kg Oxyz cho (): Ax+By+Cz+D = 0 v
1
2
0 3
:
o
o
x x a t
d y y a t
z z a t
+
+
'
pt: A(x
o
+a
1
t) + B(y
o
+a
2
t) + C(z
0
+a
3
t) + D = 0 (1)
Phng trnh (1) v nghim th d // ()
Phng trnh (1) c mt nghim th d ct ()
Phng trnh (1) c v s nghim th d
()
c bit :
(
d
) (
) , a n
r r
cng phng
E. BI TP
Bi 1
Lp phng trnh tham s v chnh ca ng thng (d) trong cc trng hp
sau :
a. (d) i qua im M(1;0;1) v nhn
(3; 2;3) a
r
lm VTCP
b. (d) i qua 2 im A(1;0;-1) v B(2;-1;3)
c. (d) i qua A(2; -1; 3) v vung gc mt phng (P): 3x + 2y z + 1 = 0
Bi 2
Vit phng trnh ca ng thng i qua im M(2;3;-5) v song song vi
ng thng (d) c phng trnh:
( ) R t ,
2 1
2 2 :
'
+
+

t z
t y
t x
d
Bi 3
Vit phng trnh tham s, chnh tc ca ng thng (d) trong trng hp
sau:
a. i qua hai im A(1;3;1) v B(4;1;2).
b. i qua M(2;-1;1) vung gc vi mt phng (P) : 2x z + 1= 0. Tm
ta giao im ca (d) v (P).
c. (d) l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
( ): 2 4 0 , ( ): 2 2 0 P x y z Q x y z + + + +
Bi 4
Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp ng thng sau:
a. d:
'
+
+
+
t z
t y
t x
4 6
3 2
2 3
v d

:
'
+

+
' 20
' 4 1
' 5
t z
t y
t x

b. d:
'

+
+
t z
t y
t x
3
2
1
v d:
'

+
+
' 2 2
' 2 1
' 2 1
t z
t y
t x

Bi 5
Cho hai ng thng (d
1
),(d
2
) c phng trnh cho bi :
( )
1
1
2
1
1
2
:
1

z y x
d

( ) ( ) t
3 1
2
2 1
:
2
R
t z
t y
t x
d
'
+
+
+

a) CMR hai ng thng ct nhau. Xc nh to giao im ca n.
b) Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) cha (d
1
),(d
2
).
Bi 6
Xt v tr tng i ca ng thng (d) v mt phng (P), tm giao im nu
c.
a)
( ) R t ,
2
3
1
:
'
+

+
t z
t y
t x
d
(P): x-y+z+3=0
b)
( ) R t ,
1
9
4 12
:
'
+
+
+
t z
t y
t x
d
(P): y+4z+17=0
Bi 7
Cho im A(1; 0; 0) v ng thng d:
'
+
+
t z
t y
t x
2 1
2
a. Tm ta im H l hnh chiu vung gc ca im A trn ng thng d
b. Tm ta i A i xng vi A qua ng thng d.
Bi 8
Cho im M(1; 4; 2) v mt phng
0 1 : ) ( + + z y x
a. Tm ta im H l hnh chiu vung gc ca im M trn
) (
b. Tm ta im M i xng vi M qua mt phng
) (
c. Tnh khong cch t im M n mt phng
) (

Bi 9
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho A(3;-1;0) , B(0;-7;3) , C(-2;1;-1) , D(3;2;6).
a. Vit phng trnh mt phng (ABC).
b. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) qua D vung gc vi mt phng
(ABC).
c. Tm ta im D i xng D qua mt phng (ABC).
d. Tm ta im C i xng C qua ng thng AB
Bi 10
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh bng 1.
a. Tnh khong cch t nh A n cc mt phng (ABD) v (BDC).
b. Chng t rng AC vung gc mt phng (ABD) v (BDC).
MT S BI TP N TNG HP
Bi 1:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz cho 3 im A(-1; 1; 2), B(0; 1; 1), C(1; 0; 4).
1. Chng minh tam gic ABC vung. Vit phng trnh tham s ca
ng thng AB.
2. Gi M l im sao cho MC MB 2 . Vit phng trnh mt phng i
qua M v vung gc vi ng thng BC. ( thi tt nghip 2006)
Bi 2:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz, cho im E(1; 2; 3) v mt phng
) (
c
phng trnh x + 2y 2z + 6 = 0.
1. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm l gc ta O v tip xc mt
phng
) (
.
2. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng (
) i qua im E v
vung gc mt phng
) (
. ( thi tt nghip 2007 Ln 1)
Bi 3:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz, cho hai im M(1; 0; 2), N(3; 1; 5) v ng
thng (d) c phng trnh
'

+
+
t z
t y
t x
6
3
2 1
1. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M v vung gc vi
ng thng (d).
2. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua hai im M v N.
( thi tt nghip 2007 Ln 2)
Bi 4:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 4; -1), B(2; 4; 3)
v C(2; 2; -1)
1. Vit phng trnh mt phng i qua A v vung gc vi ng thng BC.
2. Tm ta im D sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
( thi tt nghip 2008)
Bi 5:
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) v mt phng (P) c phng
trnh: (S):
( ) ( ) ( ) 36 2 2 1
2 2 2
+ + z y x
v (P): x + 2y + 2z +18 = 0.
1. Xc nh ta tm T v bn knh mt cu (S). Tnh khong cch
t T n mt phng (P).
2. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d i qua T v vung
gc vi (P). Tm ta giao im ca d v (P).
( thi tt nghip 2009)
Bi 6:
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz cho M(2,-2,0) , N(-4;4;2) v mt phng
(P) c phng trnh 6y+8z+1=0
1.Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d i qua hai im M v N.
2.Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) tm M nhn mt phng (P) l mt phng
tip din.
Bi 7:
Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho A(1;1;2), B(0;-1;3), C(3;1;4)
1. Vit phng trnh mt phng (
) i qua ba im A,B,C
2.. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) tm A v c ng knh bng 4
Bi 8:
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho im
( ) 2; 1;0 A
v ng thng d:
1 2
1
2 3
x t
y t
z t
+

'
1. Vit phng trnh mt phng

( ) P
i qua A v vung gc vi d.
2. Tm ta im A i xng vi im A qua ng thng d.
Bi 9:
Trong KgOxyz cho im A(2;0;1), ng thng (d):
1
2
2
x t
y t
z t
+
'
v
mt phng (P):
0 1 2 + + z y x
.
1. Lp phng trnh mt cu tm A tip xc vi mt phng (P).
2. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua im A, vung gc v ct ng
thng (d).
Bi 10:
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho ba im A( 2 ; -1 ; 1), B( 0;2 ;- 3) C( -1 ; 2 ;0).
1. Chng minh A,B,C khng thng hng .Vit phng trnh mp(ABC).
2. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng BC.
Bi 11:
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho cc im A( 1 ; -3 ; -1), B( -2; 1 ; 3)
1/ Vit phng trnh ng thng AB
2/Vit phng trnh mt phng qua gc to v vung gc AB
Bi 12:
Trong khng gian vi h trc Oxyz, cho A(1;2;3) v ng thng d c
phng trnh
1 1 1
2 1 2
x y z +

.
1) Vit phng trnh mt phng
qua A v vung gc d.
2) Tm ta giao im ca d v mt phng
.
Bi 13:
Trong khng gian Oxyz , cho A(2 ;-3;1) v mp (Q) : x + 3y - z + 2 = 0 .
1. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng (d) qua A v vung gc vi (Q).
2. Tm ta H hnh chiu ca A trn (Q).Suy ra ta A' i xng
ca A qua (Q).
Bi 14:
Trong khng gian
Oxyz
, cho 4 im
( ) ( ) ( ) 3; 2;0 , 0;2;1 , 1;1;2 , (3; 2; 2) A B C D
.
( ) ABC
. Suy ra
DABC
l mt t din.
2. Vit phng trnh mt cu
( ) S
tm
D
v tip xc mt phng
( ) ABC
.
Bi 15:
Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho iem M(1;2;3)
1. Viet phng trnh mat phang (
) i qua M va song
song vi mat phang
2 3 4 0 x y z +
.
2. Viet phng trnh mat cau (S) co tam I(1;1;1) va
tiep xuc vi mat phang (
).
Bi 16: Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho im
( ) 2; 1;0 A
v ng thng d:
1 2
1
2 3
x t
y t
z t
+

'

( ) P
i qua A v vung gc vi d.
2. Tm ta im A i xng vi im A qua ng thng d
Bi 17:
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho ng thng
x 1 y 3 z 2
d :
1 2 2
+ + +

v im A(3;2;0)
1. Tm ta hnh chiu vung gc H ca A ln d
2. Tm ta im B i xng vi A qua ng thng d.
Bi 18:
Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz cho cc im A(1,0,0); B(0,2,0); C(0,0,3)
1. Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng qua ba im:A, B, C
2. Gi (d) l ng thng qua C v vung gc mt phng (ABC). Tm ta
giao im ca ng thng (d) v mt phng (Oxy).
Bi 19:
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho mt phng ( ) : 2x + y + z 9 = 0 v ng thng
:
2 4
1
3
x t
y t
z t
+
+
'
( t l tham s)
1. Tm giao im I ca v ().
2. Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua I v vung gc vi ().
Bi 20:
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im M(1;0;2), N(3;1;5) v
ng thng (d) c phng trnh
x 1 2t
y 3 t
z 6 t
+
+
'
1. Vit phng trnh mp (P) i qua im M v vung gc vi ng thng (d).

2. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im hai im M v N.

6 - Chuyên đề HHGT trong GK - Nam

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6 - Chuyên đề HHGT trong GK - Nam

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l vct php tuyn ca mt phng ()

1. Vit phng trnh mt phng

1. Vit phng trnh mt phng

1. Vit phng trnh mp (P) i qua im M v vung gc vi ng thng (d).

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