BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT KHOA C KH MAY BO MON CONG NGHE CHE TAO MAY

MAY CAT KIM LOAI

(LU HANH NOI BO)

-2006-

Li noi au Mon hoc may cat kim loai la mot mon chuyen nganh, nham ap ng cho sinh vien co kien thc ve cac chuyen ong hoc trong nganh c kh che tao, t o xac nh t cac hnh dang chi tiet gia cong, phng phap tao hnh, chuyen ong tao hnh, hnh thanh s o ket cau ong hoc. Sau khi hnh thanh kien thc c ban tren, sinh vien the hien ky nang oc ban ve s o ong cho tng may ien hnh, cach ieu chnh may gia cong cu the, cac c cau nguyen ly may, cach bo tr cac ng truyen ong. Ngoai cac kien thc c ban tren, mon hoc con lam nen tang c ban cho cac mon hoc khac nh Cong nghe Che tao may, Thiet ke may cat kim loai, Cong nghe sa cha may v. v Vi cac yeu to tren ngi soan co gang tong hp cac kien thc cua cac thay giao i trc e hnh thanh tap bai giang va ch mong tom gon, gii thieu nhng noi dung c ban nhat e sinh vien co the nhan thc cac dang chuyen ong gia cong c, cac c cau nguyen ly may c ap dung trong may cac kim loai. T o co the phat trien ap dung vao trong cac thiet b may khac trong nen cong nghiep hien tai va tng lai. Rat mong c s ong gop cua cac Thay co va cac Sinh Vien Ngi bien soan

Noi dung
Li noi au Chng 1: ai cng ve May cat kim loai I- Khai niem ve may cat kim loai II- Cac dang be mat gia cong III- Cac phng phap tao hnh IV- Chuyen ong tao hnh V S o ket cau ong hoc VI- Phan loai va ky hieu VI.1. Phan loai may VI.2. Ky hieu Chung II: May tien I . Nguyen ly chuyen ong va s o ket cau ong hoc may tien I.1 Nguyen ly chuyen ong I.2. S o ket cau ong hoc may tien II. Cong dung va phan loai II.1. Cong dung II.2. Phan loai III.3. Cac bo phan c ban III. May tien ren vt van nang III.1. May tien T 620 III.2. may tien en vt van nang T616 IV. cac loai may khac IV.1. May tien ht lng IV.2. May tien Revonver IV.3. May tie ng V. ieu chnh may tien van nang V.1. ieu chnh may gia cong con V.2. ieu chnh may gia cong ren Chng III: May khoan doa I. May khoan I.1. Nguyen ly chuyen ong va s oket cau ong hoc may khoan I.2. Cong dung va phan loai I.3. May khoan ng 2A150 I.4. may khoan can 2B56 II. May doa II.1. Nguyen ly chuyen ong va s oket cau ong hoc may khoan II.2. Cong dung va phan loai I I.3. May doa ngang 2620B Chng IV: May phay I. Nguyen ly va s o ket cau ong hoc II. Cong dung va phan loai III. May phay ngang van nang P82 IV . au phan o IV.1. Cong dung IV.2. Phan loai IV.3. phng phap phan o 2 4 4 4 7 9 10 14 14 15 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 22 22 22 42 47 47 51 53 54 54 57 64 64 64 65 68 71 76 76 77 77 84 84 85 90 94 94 94 95

IV.3.1. au phan o co da chia IV.3.1. au phan o khong co da chia Chng V: May gia cong banh rang I . Cac phng phap gia cong II. May phay lan rang II.1. Nguyen ly gia cong lan rang II.2. May phay lan rang 5E32 III . May xoc rang III .1. Nguyen ly gia cong xoc rang III.2. May xoc rang 514 Chng VI: May mai I. Nguyen ly chuyen ong va s oket cau ong hoc II. Phan loai II.1. May mai tron ngoai II.2. May mai tron trong II.3. May mai phang III. May mai tron ngoai 3A150 IV . May mai phang V. Nguyen ly lam viec cac may khac Chng VII: May chuyen ong thang I . May bao I.1. Cong dung phan loai I.2. May bao ngang 7A35 II. May xoc II. 1. Cong dung II.2. May xoc 743 III. May chuot III.1. Cong dung va phan loai III.2. May chuot Chng VIII: ai cng nve may t ong I. Khai niem I. 1. Vai tro I. 2. T ong hoa la g II.Ly thuyet ve may t ong III. Nhiem vu t ong e giam ton that va nang cao nang suat IV. Qui trtnh cong nghe va van e t ong hoa IV.1. Vai tro qui trnh cong nghe tren MT IV.2. Cac phong an cong nghe khac nhau tren may t ong IV.3. Chon cong nghe tien tien nhat e t ong hoa IV.4. Ap dunh nguyen tac trung nguyen cong V. Phoi lieu dung trong may t ong VI. Che o cat tren may t ong Chng IX: May t ong II. nh ngha II.2. Cac he thong ieu khien III. Cac nhom may ieu khien bang truc phan phoi IV. S o ong may t ong

95 102 105 106 109 109 113 117 117 118 122 122 122 122 126 128 130 131 133 137 137 137 140 146 146 147 150 150 153 158 158 158 I59 159 162 171 171 172 174 175 179 182 187 187 187 192 202

S o ong may 1106 S o ong may 112

IV.1.2.6.1 Cac c cau kep phoi Phng phap kep 1 va cac loai chau kep 1 Phng phap kep 1I va cac loai chau kep 1I Phng phap kep 1II va cac loai chau kep 1II IV1.2.6.2 Cac phng phap cat reb tren may t ong V. S o ong may nhom 2 S o ong may IB 240-6K VI. S o ong may nhom 3 S o ong may 1b 140 Chong X: ieu chnh may t ong I. Noi dung va cong viec ieu chnh may II. V du ve ieu chnh may t ong III.1. ieu chnh may t ong nhom I III.2. ieu chnh may t ong nhom III

204 209 232 216 220 216 217 218 219 223 255 230 232 239 239 249 249 259

CHUYN NG HC TRONG MY CT KIM LOI

( May chuyen ong trn )

- 2006 -

CHNG I

AI CNG VE MAY CAT KIM LOAI

I. KHI NIM V MY CT KIM LOI
May la tat ca nhng cong cu hoat ong theo nguyen tac c hoc dung lam thay oi mot cach co y thc ve hnh dang hoac v tr cua vat the. Cau truc, hnh dang va kch thc cua may rat khac nhau. Tuy theo ac iem s dung cua no, co the phan thanh hai nhom ln : - May dung e bien oi nang lng t dang nay sang dang khac cho thch hp vi viec s dung c goi la may bien oi nang lng. - May dung e thc hien cong viec gia cong c kh c goi la may cong cu. Nhng may cong cu dung e bien oi hnh dang cua cac vat the kim loai bang cach lay i mot phan the tch tren vat the ay vi nhng dung cu va chuyen ong khac nhau c goi la may cat kim loai. Theo tieu chuan Viet Nam, may cong cu bao gom nam loai : - May cat kim loai. - May gia cong go. - May gia cong ap lc. - May han. - May uc. Vat the can lam bien oi hnh dang goi la phoi hay chi tiet gia cong. Phan the tch c lay i cua vat the goi la phoi. Dung cu dung e lay phoi ra khoi chi tiet gia cong goi la dao cat.

II. CC DNG B MT GIA CNG

B mt hnh hc ca chi tit my rt a dng v ch to cc b mt ny trn cc my ct kim loi c rt nhiu phng php khc nhau. c th xc nh cc chuyn ng cn thit, tc l chuyn ng ca cc c cu chp hnh ca my to ra b mt , ngi ta thng nghin cu cc dng b mt gia cng trn my ct kim loi. Cc dng b mt thng gp l:

II.1. Dng tr trn xoay

II.1.1. ng chun l ng tron, sinh thng Th hin mt tr c hnh thnh do ng sinh l ng thng quay chung quanh ng chun l ng trn .

ng sinh

ng chun
H. I-1. Dang be mat tron xoay, ng chuan tron , sinh thang

II.1.2. ng chun trn sinh, gy khc

ng sinh

ng chun
H. I-2. Dang be mat tron xoay, ng chuan tron, ng sinh gay

II.1.3 ng chun l ng tron, sinh cong ng sinh

ng chun
H. I-3. Dang be mat tron xoay, ng chuan tron, ng sinh cong

II.2 Dng mt phang II.2.1 ng chun l ng thang, sinh thng ng sinh ng chuan

H. I-4. Dang be mat phang, ng chuan thang, ng sinh thang

II.2.2. ng chun l ng thang, sinh gy khc

ng chuan ng chuan ng chuan

ng sinh

ng sinh

ng sinh

H. I-5. Dang be mat phang, ng chuan thang, ng sinh gay khuc

II.2.3 ng chun l ng thang, sinh cong

ng chun ng sinh

ng sinh

ng chun

H. I-5. Dang be mat phang, ng chuan thang, ng sinh cong

II.3 Cc dng ac bit

Trnh by cc dng mt tr, mt nn khng trn xoay v mt cam . Ngoi ra b mt c bit cn c dng thn khai , arsimet, cnh turbin , my cho v.v Tm li , t cc dng b ca cc dng ni trn, ta c th to ra chng bi hai loi ng sinh sau y:

H. I-6. Dang be mat ac biet

1. ng sinh do cc chuyn ng n gin: thng v quay trn u ca my to nn nh ng thng, ng trn hay cung trn, ng thn khai, ng xon c 2. ng sinh do cc chuyn ng thng v quay trn, khng trn iu ca my to nn nh ng parapl, hyperbl, ellip, xon logarit kt cu my thc hin cc chuyn ng ny phc tp. Nhng ng sinh ni trn chuyen ng tng i vi mt ng chun s to ra b mt ca cc chi tit gia cng. Do , mt my ct kim loi mun to c b mt gia cng phi truyn cho c cu chp hnh (dao v phi) cc chuyen ng tng i to ra ng sinh v ng chun. Nhng chuyn ng cn thit to nn ng sinh v ng chun gi l chuyn ng to hnh ca my ct kim loi.

III. CC PHNG PHP TO HNH

III.1. Phng php theo vt La phng phap hnh thanh be mat gia cong do tong cong cac iem chuyen ong cua li cat, hay la quy tch cua cac chat iem hnh thanh nen be mat gia cong .

a3a 2a1

H. I-7. Phng phap gia cong theo vet

III.2. Phng php nh hnh

La phng phap tao hnh bang cach cho canh li cat trung vi ng sinh cua be mat gia cong.

H. I-8. Phng phap gia cong nh hnh

III.3. Phng php bao hnh

La phng phap dao cat chuyen ong hnh thanh cac ng iem, qu tch cac ng iem hnh thanh ng bao va ng b bao, ng b bao chnh la ng sinh chi tiet gia cong. ng bao a1 a2 a3 Li ct

ng b bao

H. I-9. Phng phap gia cong bao hnh

IV. CHUYEN NG TO HNH

IV.1. nh ngha: Chuyen ong tao hnh bao gom moi chuyen ong tng oi gia dao va phoi e hnh thanh be mat gia cong. Chuyen ong tao hnh thng la chuyen ong vong va chuyen ong thang. Trong chuyen ong tao hnh co the bao gom nhieu chuyen ong ma van toc cua chung phu thuoc lan nhau. Cac chuyen ong nh the c goi la chuyen ong thanh phan. IV.2. Phn loi chuyn ng to hnh: Phan loai theo moi quan he cac chuyen ong Chuyen ong tao hnh n gian: la chuyen ong co cac c cau chap hanh khong phu thuoc vao nhau.

n T

I II

II
n

H. I-10. Chuyen ong tao hnh n gian

Chuyen ong tao hnh phc tap : la chuyen ong co cac c cau chap hanh phu thuoc vao nhau.

I I

tp

H. I-11. Chuyen ong tao hnh phc tap

Chuyn ng to hnh va n gin va phc tp: La chuyen ong co cac chuyen ong cho c cau chap hanh phu thuoc va khong phu thuoc vao nhau tp Q
1

Phoi

Q2

H. I-12. Chuyen ong tao hnh va n gian va phc tap

T hp gia chuyn ng to hnh vi phng php g t: Khong phai ch anh gia ung hnh dang be mat, phng phap gia cong va chuyen ong tao hnh, tat yeu hnh thanh be mat gia cong, nhng hnh dang chi tiet con phu thuoc vao v tr ga at dao va phoi.

T
H. I-12. To hp gia cac chuyen ong tao hnh

V. S O KET CAU ONG HOC

V.1. nh ngha: S o ket cau ong hoc la mot loai s o quy c, bieu th nhng moi quan he ve cac chuyen ong tao hnh va cac ky hieu c cu nguyn l my, v ni tip hnh thanh s o, v ng truyn ng cua may. c gi l s kt cu ng hc. Trong mot s o ket cau ong hoc co nhieu xch truyen ong e thc hien cac chuyen ong tao hnh. C iv n s Ban dao tx Phoi

is

H. I-13. S o ket cau ong hoc

V.2. Phn loi s kt cu ng hc V.2.1 S o ket cau ong hoc n gian La s o ket cau ong hoc thc hien cac chuyen ong tao hnh n gian, bao gom cac xch truyen ong, thc hien cac chuyen ong oc lap khong phu thuoc vao nhau, nh may phay, may khoan, may mai

10

C1

i1 i2

Dao phay

n s
Ban may

tx

C2

H. I-14. S o ket cau ong hoc may chuyen ong n gian

V.2.2. S o ket cau ong hoc phc tap: La s o ket co cac chuyen ong tao hnh phc tap, bao gom viec to hp hai hoac mot so chuyen ong hnh phu thuoc vao nhau hnh thanh be mat gia cong.

tp
v

Phoi

Q T Ban dao
tx

H. I-14. S o ket cau ong hoc may chuyen ong phc tap

V.2.3. S o ket cau ong hoc hon hp: Bao gom xch tao hnh va n gian va phc tap. S o ket cau ong hoc cua may phay ren vt la mot ac trng cho loai xch tao hnh nay. C 1 tp Q1

iv is

Phoi

Q2 T

i
C2

Dao

tx

H. I-15. S o ket cau ong hoc may chuyen ong va n gian va phc tap

11

b. Xch phan o Ngoai cac xch thc hien chuyen ong tao hnh trong may cat kim loai con co xch phan o. No khong thc hien chuyen ong tao hnh nhng lai can thiet e hnh thanh cac be mat gia cong theo yeu cau ky thuat nh l gia cong banh rang, ren nhieu au moi Trong xch phn ngi ta chia ra lm hai loi. - Phan o bang tay - Phan o t ong bang may

Truc chnh

Truc chnh

i
a phan o Chot nh v

a phan o C

Chot nh v
H. I-16.Phan loai s o xch phan o

Ly hp

- Phoi quay phan o

H. I-17.S o ket cau ong hoc phoi quay phan o

12

- Dao tnh tien phan o

iv

phi

is

H. I-18.S o ket cau ong hoc dao tnh tien phan o phan o

- Phoi quay phan o va dao tnh tien phan o

H. I-19. S o ket cau ong hoc phoi quay phan o va dao tnh tien phoi o

c. Xch vi sai e hnh thanh be mat gia cong, tren mot so MCKL can xch truyen ong tong hp e bu tr mot so chuyen ong truyen en khau chap hanh. C cau tong hp chuyen ong thng dung nhat la c cau vi sai va xch truyen ong thc hien tong hp chuyen ong goi la xch vi sai. Chuyen ong vi sai c dung trong trng hp can truyen en khau chap hanh mot chuyen ong phu thuoc chu ky, khi khong can ngng chuyen ong cac khau chap hanh. Co khi ngi ta dung xch vi sai e thc hien mot chuyen ong khong eu.

13

C
iv ix iy
VS

Phoi Q Cam

is

tx

H. I-20 .S o ket cau ong hoc xch vi sai

sai (VS) thc hien viec tong hp hai chuyen ong nay thanh mot chuyen ong a c bu tr chuyen en cam.

V du : S o ket cau ong hoc cua may tien ht lng dung xch vi sai Truc cam nhan hai nguon chuyen ong t c cau ieu chnh ix va iy. C cau vi

VI. PHN LOI V K HIU

VI.1. Phn loi my VI.1.1. Theo iu khin

- iu khin bng c kh
- iu khin bng thy lc - iu khin bng chng trnh s VI.1.2. Theo phng php cng dng - May tien - May phay - May bao - May mai - May khoan - May doa VI.1.3. Theo trnh vn nng - May van nang - May chuyen mon hoa - May chuyen dung VI.1.4. Theo mc chnh xc - May chnh xac thng - May chnh xac nang cao - May chnh xac cao - May chnh xac ac biet cao

14

VI.1.5. Theo mc t ng ha - May van nang - May ban t ong - May t ong VI.1.6. Theo khi lng - May loai nhe ( 1 tan) - May loai trung bnh ( 10 tan) - May loai trung bnh nang (10 30 tan) - May loai nang (30 100 tan) - May loai ac biet nang (> 100 tan) VI.2. K hiu VI.2.1 K hiu may May thng c ky hieu bang cac so va cac ch cai. moi nc co ky hieu khac nhau. Ky hieu may cat kim loai cua Viet Nam nh sau : - Ch cai e ch loai may nh ch T ch loai may tien, P - may phay, B - may bao, K - may khoan, M - may mai - Cac ch so khac e ch mc o van nang, kch thc c ban cua may. V du : May T620 T : May tien 6 : Loai may tien van nang thong thng 20 : Mot phan mi cua chieu cao t bang may en ng tam may (200 mm) K : May khoan. 1 : Loai may khoan ng.

V du : May K135

35 : ng knh mui khoan ln nhat gia cong c tren may (mm).

Ky hieu may cat kim loai cua Lien Xo trc ay the hien bang ba hay bon ch so. - Ch so th nhat ch loai may (nh tien -1, khoan -2, mai -3, phay -6, bao -7 ) - Ch so th hai ch kieu may (nh t ong, revonve, may thng) - Ch so th ba va th t ch mot trong nhng thong so quan trong nhat cua may (ng knh ln nhat cua phoi ma may co the gia cong, chieu cao mui tam truc chnh en bang may) - oi khi co ch cai au hay gia nhng ch so ke tren ch may mi c cai tien t may c s. V du : May 2A150 So 2 : May khoan So 1 : May khoan ng So 50 : ng knh mui khoan ln nhat la 50 mm

15

Ch A : S cai tien cua may so vi may trc o V du : May 1K62 So 1 : May tien So 6 : May tien thng So 2 : Khoang cach cua mui tam truc chnh en bang may la 200 mm Ch K : S cai tien cua may

K HIEU MAY CAT KIM LOAI (Tieu chuan Lien Xo)

16

MAY CAT LOAI MAY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

KIM LOAI

NHOM MAY

May tien

May tien T va BT 1 truc chnh May tien T va BT nhieu truc chnh May tien Revolve May tien cat t May tien ng May tien van nang May tien nhieu dao May tien chuyen dung

Cac loai may khac

May khoan va may doa

May khoan ng May doa toa o May khoan can May doa ngang May doa chnh xac

May khoan BT 1 truc chnh May mai lo May mai tho May t ong May ban t ong May gia cong banh rang con May phay lan rang May gia cong mat au rang May mai chuyen dung May mai dung cu cat May mai phang

May khoan ban T nhieu truc chnh

May khoan ngang May mai tinh

Cac loai may khac Cac loai may khac

May mai May van nang May xoc rang

May mai tron ngoai

May to hp

17
May phay ng cong son May phay lien tuc May bao ging 2 tru May bao ngang May ca vong ma sat May cat t bang hat mai May ca May xoc May bao ging 1 tru May tien cat t May ohay ng khong cong son May chuot ngang May nan thang va cat t May nan thang va tien phoi thanh May ca ai May cat ren ong May kiem tra dung cu cat

May gia cong ren va rang

May gia cong ren

May gia cong tinh rang

May mai ren va rang

Cac loai may khac

May phay

May gia cong truc vt banh vt May phay chep hnh

May phay ging

May phay au trt van nang May chuot ng May ca a May ca li

May phay ngang cong son

Cac loai may khac Cac loai may khac Cac loai may khac May phan o May can bang Cac loai may khac

May bao, xoc va chuot

May cat t

Cac loai may khac

VI.2. Ky hieu c cau nguyen ly may

Bang ky hieu cac c cau nguyen ly may

Ten goi Ky hieu Ten goi
8- Vt me ai oc - ai oc lien - ai oc hai na 9- Ly hp - Ly hp vau 1 chieu - Ly hp hai chieu - Ly hp con - Ly hp da - Ly hp mot chieu - Ly hp ien t 10- Cam

Ky hieu

1-Truc 2- Khp noi - Co nh - an hoi - Cac ang

3-Chi tiet lap tren truc - Long khong - Co nh - Di trt - Then keo

4- O truc - O trt - O lan - O con

5- Bo truyen ai - ai thang - ai dep

- Cam da - Cam thung 11- Phanh - Phanh con - Phanh guoc

6- Bo truyen xch

- Phanh da

12- C cau chuyen ong

7- An khp rang - Banh rang tru gian oan - C cau con coc - C cau Man - Banh rang con 13- ong c 14- Truc chnh Mui tam - May tien Mam cap Ong kep - May khoan - May phay - May mai

- Banh rang xoan

- Truc vt banh vt

- Thanh rang banh rang

18

CHNG II

MAY TIEN
I. NGUYN L CHUYEN NG V S KT CU NG HC MY TIN
I.1. Nguyen ly chuyen ong
Chuyen ng quay trn ca trc chnh v chuyn ng thng ca dao hnh thnh chuyn ng to hnh.

I.1.1.Chuyn ng ct
Chuyen ong cat la chuyen ong tao ra toc o cat, la chuyen ong quay tron cua truc chnh mang phoi . Toc o quay cua truc chnh la n tc : 1000v n tc = (vong/phut). d Trong o: v: Van toc cat (m/phut) d: ng knh phoi (mm)

I.1.2.Chuyn ng chy dao

Chuyen ong chay dao la do ban may mang dao thc hien gom 2 chuyen ong: Chay dao doc (sd) va chay dao ngang (sn). ay la hai chuyen ong hnh thanh ng sinh chi tiet gia cong.

I.2. S o ket cau ong hoc may tien

iV

iS

H. II-1.S o ket cau ong hoc may tien

19

III.1.2.2.Phng trnh xch chy dao

Xch chy dao l xch truyn ng ni gia trc chnh v trc vitme hay trc trn. Chuyn ng chy dao ca my T620 gm cc chuyn ng : + Chy dao dc, chy dao ngang khi tin trn. + Chuyn ng chy dao khi ct ren vt.

iv

phi

ic tx = 5*2 mm itt ics igb 10 * 3 tx = 12 mm

i xd H. II-9. S xch chy dao Ghi chu:

iv T so truyen thay oi cua hop toc o ic t so truyen cua c cau ao chieu itt t so truyen cua bo banh rang thay the ics t so truyen nhom c s igb t so truyen nhom gap boi - ixd t so truyen bo banh rang xa dao - tx bc vt me doc - Chuyn ng chy dao c thc hin t trc chnh qua cc t s truyn c cu o chiu ic, bnh rng thay th itt, c cu Norton hnh thnh cc t s truyn c gi l nhm c s ics v nhm gp bi igb t hnh thnh hai nhnh: + Nu tin ren, truyn ng i thng n trc vitme co bc ren tx=12mm + Nu tin trn, truyn ng phi qua t s truyn ixd ca hp xe dao ti c cu bnh rng thanh rng 10 x 3 thc hin chy dao dc hay n trc vtme ngang tx = 5 x 2 u mi thc hin chy dao ngang.

27

Phng trnh xch chy dao khi tin trn:

1vtc.i S . .m.Z = Sd (mm)

Trong : m,Z mun, s rng ca bnh rng trong c cau banh rang thanh rang Phng trnh xch chy dao ngang:

1vtc.i S .t X = Sn (mm)
* Hop chay dao may T620 chia lam 2 nhom: - Nhom c s (ics) dung c cau Norton:

Z1 I

Z2

Z3

Z4 Z5

Cac banh rang c co nh tren truc I theo th t hnh thap va truyen ong qua banh rang Z0 va ZA tren truc II, cac ty so truyen c truyen ong t Z1 en Z5 theo thao tac di chuyen khoi banh rang t trai sang phai

Z0 ZA II

H. II-10. C cau nooc-tong

- Nhom gap boi (igb) dung c cau banh rang di trt * C cau Norton co hai trang thai : chu ong. ong.

- C cau Norton chu ong khi khoi banh rang hnh thap ong vai tro - C cau Norton b ong khi khoi banh rang hnh thap ong vai tro b

III.1.2.2.1.Phng trnh xch ct ren

Thc hien chuyen ong cua ban dao khi tien ren

III.1.2.2.1.1. Phng trnh xch ct ren c bn

1vtc.ic.ic.itt.ics.igb.tx = tp

Vi

28

i : T so truyen cua c cau ao chieu ics : T so truyen cua c cau c s tx : Bc ren truc vtme, tx = 12 tp : Bc ren can tien itt : T so truyen cua c cau thay the ig : T so truyen cua c cau gap boi

ic : T so truyen co nh

a. Xch chay dao tien ren quoc te :

Ren quoc te dung trong truyen ong vt me ai oc thuoc he met, bc ren c bieu th bang tp(mm).

tp

ac iem cua xch tien ren quoc te : - Dung ng truyen chu ong cua nhom c s (c cau Norton chu ong) 42 95 - Dung itt = . 95 50

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren Quoc te 42 42 1 vtc.

60 60

28 56 35 28 28 35

42 95 L Z n 25 L3 2 95 50 36 28

18 45 28 35

35 28

L4 x 12 = tp
15 48

Neu t so truyen ics cua c cau norton la i1= igb =

28 va cua nhom gap boi 36

18 35 1 * = th bc ren cat c la: 45 28 2 60 42 42 95 28 25 18 35 1v * * * * * * * * *12 = 3.5mm = t p 60 42 95 50 36 28 45 28

29

ng truyen xch chay dao tien ren Quoc te

260 I 56 II III
34 39 29

24 51 L1
21 50

36 88 60
60 38 60

Phanh
60

IV
27

22 49

42
42 64 95

VII
60 60 VIII
48
XI

35

42 56 35 L2
26 26

28
28

32 36 40

35

L'3

25 28 45 35

28 48

XII

28

L4 XV
30

Truc vt me Truc trn

37 z = 28

2 tx = 12 x 1 i = 1
21

40

54

VI

97

50

28

X
35

25 28

38 36

44 28

X
28

L3

25 35

18

XIII 56
56

15

XVI
30 26 m=3

XVIII
k=6 60 38

XVII

Ly hp mot chieu

L8
60

60 60 60 14

tx = 5 x
42 44 60 64

47 55 38 28 35

22

88 49

N = 1 Kw

145

N = 10 Kw n = 1450 v/p

L5

XX XIX

L7 XXI

b. Xch chay dao tien ren Anh

Ren Anh dung trong truyen ong vt me ai oc thuoc he Anh, thong so ac trng la so ren n trong 1 inch. t p =

25,4 n

1 inch

550
ac iem cua xch tien ren Anh : - Dung ng truyen b ong cua nhom c s (c cau Norton b ong). - Dung itt =
42 95 . . 95 50

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren Anh 18 28 1vtc.ic.ic.itt. 35 28 28 36 35 28 28 35 25 Z n 28 35 28 35 30

35 28
L4 x 12 =

15 48

25,4 n

Neu lay t so truyen cua banh rang thay the la: 42 95 36 va dung xch truyen ong th 2 cua c cau notron i cs = lng di itt = 95 50 28 ong tnh toan la: mot vong truc chnh dao phai tnh tien mot bc ren 25.4 mm .Ta co phng trnh truyen ong: tp= n 60 42 42 95 35 28 28 36 35 28 28 35 25.4 (mm) 1v 12 = 60 42 95 50 28 35 25 28 28 35 45 28 n

ng truyen xch chay dao tien ren Anh

260 I 56 II III
34 39 29

24 51 L1
21 50

36 88 60
60 38 60

Phanh
60

IV
27

22 49

42 64 95

40

35

42 56 35 L2
26 26

28
28

60 60 VIII
48
XI

54

32 36 40

35

L'3

25 28 45 35

28 48

XII

28

L4 XV
30

Truc vt me Truc trn

37 z = 28

2 tx = 12 x 1 i = 1
21

42

47 55 38 28 35

22

88 49

VII

VI

97

50

28

X
35

25 28

38 36

44 28

X
28

L3

25

35 18

XIII 56
56

15

XVI
30 26 m=3

XVIII
k=6 60 38

XVII

Ly hp mot chieu

L8
60

60 60 60 14

tx = 5 x
42 44 60 64

N = 1 Kw

145

N = 10 Kw n = 1450 v/p

L5

XX XIX

L7 XXI

c. Xch chay dao tien ren Modul

Ren Modul la ren cua truc vt dung trong truyen ong truc vt banh vt thuoc he met, thong so ac trng la modul m tp = .m ac iem cua xch tien ren Modul : - Dung ng truyen chu ong cua nhom c s (c cau Norton chu ong) 64 95 - Dung itt = . 95 97

31

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren Modul

18 45

1vtc.ic.ic. 64 95 Z N 25L 3 L2 95 97 36 28

35 28
L4 x 12 = m.

Ta lay so truyen ong cua banh rang thay the:i tt =

64 95 .lng di ong tnh toan 95 97 la:mot vong quay truc chnh dao phai tnh tien mot bc ren tp=.m(mm).

28 35

15 48

Phng trnh chuyen dong la:

1v

60 42 64 95 28 25 18 35 12 = .m (mm) 60 42 95 97 36 28 45 28

t so thng c lay gan ung nh sau:

47 127 47 127 = 380 5 20 95

12.127 97.5 19.21 25.47 157 = = 127 22.17 50

32

ng truyen xch chay dao tien ren Modul

260 I 56 51 L1
21 34 39 29 50 38 60

24

36 88 60
60

Phanh IV
60 27

22

49

II III

42
64 42 95

35

42 56 35
26

28

60 60 VIII
48 35
XI

VII

40

VI
54

L2 26 28

32 36 40

L'3

25 28 45 35

28 48

XII

28

L4 XV
30

Truc vt me Truc trn

37 z = 28

tx = 5 x 2
tx = 12 x 1
15

47 55 38 28 35

22

88 49

97

50

28

X
35

25 28

38 36

44 28

X
28

L3

25 35

18

XIII 56
56

XVI
30 26 m=3

XVIII
k=6 60 38

XVII

Ly hp mot chieu

L8
60 21 64 60

i = 1 N = 1 Kw

60 60 60 14

42 44

145

N = 10 Kw n = 1450 v/p

L5

XX XIX

L7 XXI

d. Xch chay dao tien ren Pitch

Ren Pitch la ren cua truc vt dung trong truyen ong truc vt banh vt 25,4. thuoc he Anh, thong so ac trng la so Pitch P t p = P ac iem cua xch tien ren Pitch : - Dung ng truyen b ong cua nhom c s (c cau Norton b ong) - Dung itt =
64 95 . 95 97

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren Pitch

64 95 35 28 28 36 35 28 1vtc.ic.ic. 95 97 28 35 25 Z n 28 35

18 28 28 35

35 28
L4 x 12 =

15 48

25,4 P

33

Ta dung xch truyen ong th 2 va banh rang thay the itt = la: tp =
25.4 mm P

64 95 . Bc ren Pitch 95 97

Phng trnh truyen ong:

1v

60 42 64 95 35 28 28 36 35 28 18 35 25.4 12 = 60 42 95 97 28 35 25 28 28 35 45 28 P

e. Tien ren khong tieu chuan

La 4 loai ren tren nhng co cac thong so ren khong tieu chuan. Cach thc hien, gom 2 bc : - Bc 1 : ieu chnh hop chay dao theo thong so tieu chuan tp gan nhat. - Bc 2 : Tnh toan lai bo banh rang thay the. V du : ieu chnh may T620 e tien ren quoc te khong tieu chuan co bc ren tp = 3,25 mm, s dung banh rang thay the bo 5.

Giai

- Bc 2 : Tnh toan bo banh rang thay the 42 95 Dung bo banh rang thay the e cat ren tp = 3,5 mm 95 50 Vay can itt = ? e cat ren co tp = 3,25 mm

- Bc 1 : ieu chnh hop chay dao theo ren quoc te tieu chuan co bc ren tp = 3,5 mm

' 42 95 t p 42 95 3,25 65 42 itt = = = 95 50 t p 95 50 3,5 70 50

f. Phng trnh xch ct ren khuych i.

ln hn nhieu lan. Cach thc hien : Dch chuyen khoi banh rang 60 - 60 (truc VII) sang phai e banh rang 60 tren truc III an khp vi no, khi o toc o quay cua truc VII va cac truc pha sau se nhanh hn dan ti ban may dch chuyen ln hn nhieu lan. Ren khuech ai la 4 loai ren tren nhng chung co bc ren khuech ai tpk

Phng trnh c ban

1vtc.ik.ic.ic.itt.ics.igb.tx = tpk
ik : T so truyen khuech ai

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren khuech ai

34

1vtc.

54 27

88 22 49 49
88 22 88 22 49 49 49 49 88 22 60 60 88 22 60 60

88 22 60 60

60 60

ic. itt. ics. igb. 12 = tpk

Cac he so khuech ai : ik1 =

54 27 54 ik2 = 27 54 ik3 = 27 54 ik4 = 27

= 25 = 32 = 23 = 8 = 23 = 8 = 21 = 2

ng truyen xch chay dao tien ren Quoc te khuech ai

260 I 56 II III
34 39 29

51 L1
21

24
50

36 88
38 60

60
60

Phanh
60

IV
27

22 49

42
42 64 95

VII
60 60

35

42 56 35 L2 26

28
26 28

VIII 48 32 36 40 35 L'
3
XI

25 28 45 35

28 48

XII
15

28

L4 XV
30

Truc vt me Truc trn

37 z = 28

2 tx = 12 x 1 i = 1
21

40

54

VI

97

50

28

25 35 28

38 36

44 28

X
28

L3

25 35

18

XIII 56
56

XVI
30 26 m=3

XVIII
k=6 60 38

XVII

Ly hp mot chieu

L8
60 64 60

60 60 14 60

tx = 5 x
42 44 L5 L7 XXI XX XIX

47 5538 28 35

22

88 49

N = 1 Kw

145

N = 10 Kw n = 1450 v/p

g. Phng trnh xch ct ren chnh xc.

Khi cat ren chnh xac, can phai giam en mc toi thieu cac khau truyen ong trung gian e tranh sai so cua cac t so truyen. Lam ngan xch truyen ong t truc chnh en truc vt me bang cach ong li hp L2, L3, L4 e noi trc tiep t truc ra cua banh rang thay the en truc vt me.

35

Cac bc ren chnh xac c thc hien bang t so truyen cua banh rang thay the.

Phng trnh c ban cua xch tien ren chnh xac

1vtc.ic.itt.tx = tp
itt =

tp ac = b d t x .ic

a, b, c, d : Cac banh rang thay the co trong bo banh rang thay the c trang b kem theo may.

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren chnh xac 1vtc.
60 .ic. a c .L2.L3.L4.12 = tp 60 b d

ng truyen xch chay dao tien ren chnh xac

260 I 56 51 L1
21 34 39 29 50

24

36 88 60
60 38 60

Phanh IV
60 27

22

49

II III

42
42 64

VII
60 60 VIII
48 35
XI

40

VI
54

95

35

42 56 L2

35
26 26

28
28

32 36 40

L'3

25 28

28 48 45 35

XII

28

L4 XV
30

Truc vt me Truc trn

37 z = 28

tx = 5 x 2
tx = 12 x 1
15

47 55 38 28 35

22

88 49

97

50

28

X
35

25 28

38 36

44 28

X
28

L3

25 35

18

XIII 56
56

XVI
30 26 m=3

XVIII XVII
k=6 60 38

Ly hp mot chieu

L8
60 21 64 60

i = 1 N = 1 Kw

60 60 60 14

42 44

145

N = 10 Kw n = 1450 v/p

L5

XX XIX

L7 XXI

h. Phng trnh xch ct ren mt u .

Ren mat au la ren c bo tr tren mat au, bieu th bang bc ren tpm.

36

H. II-11. Ren mat au

Cach thc hien: e tien ren mat au dao can thc hien chuyen ong chay dao ngang vi bc ren tp ong thi phai a vao t so truyen khuech ai trong xch truyen ong.

Phng trnh xch chay dao tien ren mat au

1vtc.ik.ic.itt.ics.igb.

28 .i .t = tpm 56 xd xn

txn : Bc ren truc vtme ngang tpm : Bc ren mat au

ng truyen xch chay dao tien ren mat au

260 I 56 II III
34 39 29

24 51 L1
21 50

36 88
38 60

60
60

Phanh
60

IV
27

22 49

42
42 64 95

88 49

VII
60 60
48
XI

40

54

VI

35

42 56 35 L2
26 26

28
28

32 36 40

VIII
35

L'3

25 28 45 35

28 48

XII
15

28

L4 XV
30

Truc vt me Truc trn

37 z = 28 XVIII

tx = 5 x 2
tx = 12 x 1 XVI
56 30 26 m=3

47 5538 28 35

22

97

50

28

X
35

25 28

38 36

44 28

X
28

L3

25 35

18

XIII 56

Ly hp mot chieu

k=6 60 38 14 42 44

XVII i = 1
21 64

L8
60

60 60 60

N = 1 Kw

145

N = 10 Kw n = 1450 v/p

L5

XX XIX

L7 XXI

60

37

III.1.2.2.1.5.Cc c cu truyn dn trong xch ct ren

Khi ct ren ta khng dng trc trn ,m dng trc vtme c bc ren chnh xc . ngt mi lin h ca trc vtme vi bn dao khi tin trn ngi ta dng ai c b i nh hnh

H. II-12. C cau ai oc hai na

Khi chy dao bng vtme , phn (1) v (2) ca ai c b i s khp cht vo vtme thng qua tay quay (3), a (4) xoay i a hai cht (5) mang hai na ai c di ng trong hai rnh (6) tin li gn nhau. Khi tay quay (3) quay theo chiu ngc

li, ai c m ra gii phng hp xe dao khi trc vtme.

Ren ca trc vtme v ai c thng l ren hnh thang v lun c c cu kh khe h ca ren .

III.1.2.2.2Phng trnh xch tien trn

Thc hien chuyen ong chay dao doc, chay dao ngang khi tien trn. 1vtc.ic.itt.ics.ibg.L4m.

28 30 37 6 56 30 26 28

L7 ong

44 60 44 L5 ong 60

42 64 5x2 = Sn (hanh trnh thuan) 64 21 14 .3x10 = Sd (hanh trnh thuan) 66 38 60 38 60 14 .3x10 = Sd(hanh trnh nghch) 66 42 64 5x2 = Sn(hanh trnh nghch) 64 21

60 38 60 L8 ong 38
L6 ong

38

24

36 88
50 38

60
60

Phanh IV
60 27 88

22

49

ng truyen xch chay dao khi tien trn V

VI t =5x2 x XII
28 49

38
35

60

22

VII
60 60
48 35
XI

40

54

28
36 40

VIII L'
3

32

25 45 35

28

48

Truc vt me XV
30

t x = 12 x 1

28 38 36 44 28 25 35

XI
28

Truc trn
37 z = 28 26

XIII
18

15 56 56

XVI
30

XVIII XVII
k=6

L3

Ly hp mot chieu

m=3

60 60 14 42

L8
38 21 64 60

i = 1

60 66 60

N = 1 Kw

L5 XX XIX

44

L7 XXI

III.1.2.2.2.3 Xch chay dao nhanh

Thc hien chuyen ong chay dao nhanh cua ban may theo phng doc hoac phng ngang theo hanh trnh thuan hoac nghch. e am bao an toan khi chay dao nhanh, ngi ta s dung ly hp 1 chieu

L5 ong

44 14 .3 x 10 = Sd (hanh trnh thuan) 60 66

L7 ong 44 42 64 5 x 2 = Sn (hanh trnh thuan) 60 64 21

nc2.i. 30 37 6

30 26 28

L6 ong 60 38 14 .3 x 10 = Sd(hanh trnh nghch) 38 60 66 L8 ong 60 38 42 64 5 x 2 = Sn ( hanh trnh nghch) 38 60 64 21

ng truyen xch chay dao nhanh

39

III.1.2.2.2.4.C cu truyn dn trong xch tin trn a) Ly hp 1 chiu

e trc trn c th thc hin chy dao nhanh ng thi vi chuyn ng chy dao dc v ngang m khng b gy do 2 ngun truyn ng c vn tc khc nhau,ngi ta dng ly hp 1 chiu lp trn trc trn .

H. II-13. S ly hp 1 chiu.

Ly hp 1 chiu c 2 ngun truyn ng :mt t hp chy dao v mt t ng c chy dao nhanh. N c nhng b phn chnh nh sau: Vnh (1) c ch to lin vi bnh rng Z56, nhn truyn ng t ly hp chy dao. Li (2) quay bn trong vnh (1) c x 4 rnh,v trong tng rnh c t con ln hnh tr (3). Mi con ln iu c l xo (4) v cht (5) y n lun tip xc vi vnh (1) v li (2). Gia li (2) lp trc trn bng then thng hoc then hoa. 28 Khi dao chy, khi bnh rng c 2 t s truyn lm cho vnh (1) quay theo 56 chiu ngc chiu kim ng h. Do ma st v lc ca l xo (4) con ln b kt ch hp gia vnh (1) v li (2). Nh vy li nhn chuyn ng chy dao truyn cho trc trn XVI trc trn s quay cng chiu v cng vn tc vnh (1). Nu vnh (1) chuyn ng theo chiu kim ng h, con ln (3) s chy n ch rng ca vnh (1) v li (2). Li (2) cng trc trn s ng yn, xch chy dao b ngt. Mun trc trn chuyn ng theo chiu ny, phi cho khi bnh rng, Z28-Z28 trn trc XII vo khp vi bnh rng Z56 lp trn trc trn v ngoi ly hp 1 chiu (Truyn ng ny cn dng ct ren mt u). Khi chy dao nhanh, trc trn nhn chuyn ng t ng c chy dao nhanh lm li (2) quay nhanh theo chiu ngc kim ng h.Lc ny vnh (1) vn nhn chuyn ng chy dao theo chiu ngc kim ng h nhng vi vn tc nh chm hn li (2). Do cc con ln (3) iu chy n v tr rng gia vnh (1) v li (2).Xch chy dao b ct t v trc trn c chuyn ng vi vn tc nhanh.

40

b) Chc iu chnh
e iu chnh lng chy dao thch hp vi tng chi tit gia cng, ngi ta dng chc iu chnh lp b bnh rng thay th a,b,c,d nhm thay i t s truyn itt .Chc iu chnh trong my tin ren vt c trnh by hnh v sau:

H. II-14. S chc iu chnh

Chc iu chnh gm 2 phn chnh: Cc bnh rng thay th a.b.c.d v chc (1).bt c mt my tin ren vt no cng c mt b bnh rng thay th vi cc ng knh khc nhau. Chc (1) lng khng trn trc I v c th quay mt gc nht nh theo rnh dn hng trn chc.Rnh dn hng tm ca chc dng iu chnh trc ca bnh rng thay th b, c n nhng v tr thch hp khi cc bnh rng n khp nhau. Rnh dn hng v rnh dn hng tm ca chc m bo cho tt c cc c s bnh rng thay th c th n khp nhau.

41

III.2 . MAY TIEN REN VT VAN NANG T616 III.2.1.Tnh nng ky thuat
- ng knh ln nhat cua phoi - Khoang cach 2 mui tam - So cap vong quay cua truc chnh - So vong quay cua truc chnh - Ren cat c - Lng chay dao - ong c ien : 320 mm : 750 mm : Z = 12 : n = 44 1980 v/ph : ren Quoc te, ren Anh, ren Modul : doc 0,06 3,34 mm/vg :ngang 0,04 2,47 mm/vg : cong suat N = 4,5 Kw :so vong quay nc = 1450 v/p

III.2.1.1. Phng trnh xch tc III.2.1.1.1.Tnh ton s cp tc

Xch tc thc hin chuyn ng chnh bt u t ng c c N=4,5Kw ,qua hp tc phn cp c 3*2=6 cp vn tc.T y truyn ng qua c cu buly ai 200 truyn c i ib = = 1 dn n hp trc chnh. 200 Nu ta ng ly hp L1 c rng trong vo khp vi bnh rng Z27,trc chnh s nhn trc tip 6 cp s vng quay cao n =350,503,723,958,1380 v 1980 vng/pht.

Nu ta m ly hp L1 v cho truyn ng qua c cu Hacne c t s

27 17 * ,trc chnh s thc hin cc s vng quay thp n=44,66,91,120,173 v 63 58 248 vng/pht. Phng trnh xch tc :

truyn

Phng trnh xch toc o

31 47 38 40 45 33

42 nc(1450 v/p). 58

50 48

ong L1 = ntc (ng truyen trc tiep)

27 71

200 200

27 17 = ntc (ng truyen gian tiep) 63 58

42

ng truyen xch toc o

63 Bm dau

V
200

17 Cam VI

I
a c
b
X IX 24 48

27 22

55

VII

L1 35

55

35 36

58 39 XV 39 45 m=2 14 t x = 6 mm k=2 Truc vt me Truc trn t =5 mm

x

X
30 26

22 52 24

39 26 39 26 39 26

27

21 27

XII

39 52 39 52 39 52 39 52 33
XIII

XIV
60 39 55 L2 25 38 24 3 L 47

26 40 47

27 50

II
58 42 I

N = 4,5 Kw n = 1450 v/p

15

13

III 200 71 48

31 45 38

XVI

XVII

XVIII

III.2.1.1.2.Cc c cu truyn ng trong hp tc my T616

Hop toc o cua may T616 gom hai phan - Hop giam toc : Dung c cau banh rang di trt. - Hop truc chnh : Dung c cau Hac-ne

Z2

Z3

IV Z1 L1

V II Z4

H. II-15. C cau Hac-ne

43

C cau Hac-ne cho hai ng truyen ong : - ng truyen trc tiep (toc o nhanh) : ong li hp L1 noi truc IV vi truc VII. - ng truyen gian tiep (toc o cham) : m li hp L1, ng truyen t truc IV en truc VII qua banh rang 27 63, 17 58.

III.2.1.2.Phng trnh xch chy dao III.2.1.2.1.Phng trnh xch ct ren 27 24

30 48
22 a c 22 b d

39 52 39 26 26 52 52 26 39 x 6 = t p 39 26 39 26 52 52 39 52 26

55 55

1vtc

55 35 35 55

26 52 21 24 27 36

26 39 26 39 26 52 52 39 52 39 52 26 ng truyen xch chay dao khi tien ren

63 Bm dau

V
200

17 Cam

I
a c
b
X IX 24 48

27 22

55

VI 55

VII

L1 35

35 36

58 m=2 XV 39 45 14 tx = 6 mm k=2 Truc vt me

X
30 26

22 52 24

39 26 39 26 39 26

39

Truc trn =5 mm

27

21 27

XII
52 27 50 33 26

XIII

40 47

39

II
III 200 71 48 31 45 38 58 42 I

N = 4,5 Kw n = 1450 v/p

15

55

L2 25 38

3 L

47

13

XVI

XVII

XVIII

44

t
x

39 52 39 52 39 52 39

XIV
60 24

III.2.1.2.2. Cc c cu truyn dn trong xch ct ren:

Hop chay dao may T616 c chia lam hai nhom - Nhom c s dung c cau banh rang di trt (co modul m khac nhau). - Nhom gap boi dung c cau Mean

Z3 I II III Z

Z1

Z2

Z1

H. II-16. C cau Me-an

III.2.1.2.3. Phng trnh xch tin trn

27 24

Z1 Z 3 Z Z Z Z Z Z3 Z Z Z Z Z Z . ; i2= 2 . 3 ; i3= 2 . 1 2 . ; i3= 2 . 1 . 2 . 1 . 2 . 3 Z1 Z Z3 Z Z 3 Z1 Z 3 Z Z 3 Z1 Z 3 Z1 Z 3 Z 1 1 Gi s ta chn Z 3 = 2Z 2 v Z = Z 2 thay vo trn ta c: i =2; 1; ; 2 4

i1=
39 52 39 26 26 52 52 26 26 39 26 52 52 39 52 26 26 39 26 39 26 52 52 39 52 39 52 26
39 2 39 45

1vtc

55 55 55 35 35 55

22 a c 22 b d

30 48 26 52 21 24 27 36

24 60

L2
38 47 4713

25..2.14 55

= Sd

L3

x 5 = Sn

45

ng truyen xch chay dao khi tien trn

63 Bm dau

V
200

17 Cam

I
a c
b
X IX 24 48

27 22

55

VI 55

VII

L1 35

35 36

58 m=2 XV 39 45 14 tx = 6 mm k=2 Truc vt me

X
30 26

22 52 24

39 26 39 26 39 26

39

Truc trn =5 mm

27

21 27

XII
52 27 50 33 26

39 52 39 52 39 52 39 XIII

XIV
60 39 15 55 L2 25 38 24 3 L

40 47 II 58 42 I N = 4,5 Kw n = 1450 v/p

47

13

III 200 71 48

31 45 38

XVI

XVII

XVIII

III.2.1.2.4.C cu an toan trong xch tin trn

XI

H. II-17. C cu an ton

Trn trc trn XI lp lng khng trc vt (1) lun n khp vi bnh vt Z45. Mt u trc vt n khp vi ly hp vu (2). Khi lm vic bnh thng,lc l xo (3) lun y vin bi (4) t st vo mt cn ca cn gt (5), lm cho cn gt lun y ly hp vu (2) n khp n khp Z45. Khi qu ti,lc Px s thng lc l xo v y ly hp vu (2) sang phi, u nhn ca cng gt(5) s trc ln pha trn ca vin bi, tch ri hai mt vu, xch chy dao b ct t. lp li xch truyn ng,ta dng tay gt

46

t
x

(6) a mi nhn ca cn gt(5) v v tr c. Vt (7) c th iu chnh lc ca l xo, qua iu chnh lc phng qu ti.

IV. CC LOI MY TIN KHC IV.1. MY TIN HT LNG

IV.1.1Nguyn l hot ng ht lng:

H. II-18. S o gia cong mat sau dao phay.

Mat sau dao phay (be mat can phai gia cong ht lng) phai la ng cong e tat ca moi goc do ng knh ban knh dao va ng tiep tuyen tao thanh moi iem tren ng cong phai la goc khng oi ( = const). ng cong co at iem o la ng cong logarit y = A e . e thc hien ng cong logrit, chuyen ong vong Q1 cua phoi va chuyen ong tnh tien T cua dao khong the la chuyen ong ieu. Do o, ket cau may se phc tap. Trn thc t ngi ta thay ng xon logarit bng ng xon arsimet y = A. Gc ca ng arsimet tuy khng phi l hng s, nhng v chuyn ng Q v T to ng xon arsimet l chuyn ng iu My ht lng c hai loi: - My ht lng n gin: loi ny khng c c cu chy dao dc t ng, ch dng ht lng dao phay a. - My ht lng vn nng: c c cu vi sai, n c th ht lng bt c loi dao no c rng thng v rng xon. a) Nguyn l ht lng dao phay a: Dao phay a modul trc khi em gia cng, c dng nh hnh trn:mt trc phay xong, mt sau cha gia cng, cn l nhng cung trn. c th ct c ng xon arsimet phi phi thc hin chuyn ng vng Q1 v dao phi thc hin chuyn ng tnh tin T dao cam iu khin. Khi chi tit quay mt gc 0 dao cn thit phi thc hin mt hnh trnh kp T ( thng hnh trnh lm 3 1 vic l 0 v hnh trnh li dao 0 ). Khi dao thc hin mt hnh trnh kp, 4 4 cam cn quay 1 vng (nu cam c mt ln n dao). Nu cam c k ln n dao, cam

47

cn quay

1 . thc hin nhng chuyn ng , my ht lng cn phi c s k kt cu ng hc nh sau:

Chi tit gia cng

iv
Q1

T ix To
Q2
H. II-19. S o ket cau ong hov ht lng dao phay da

Cam

y khng can chuyn ng chy dao. Cu to chuyn ng ca my gm c nhm chuyn ng chp hnh Q1, T v chuyn ng phn Q1. b)Ht lng dao phay ln hnh tr c ng rng xon: Khi ht lng nhng loi dao phay c ng rng xon, ngoi vic thc hin chuyn ng ht lng, dao ht lng cn phi thc hin lng tin dao dc. Gia chuyn ng vng ca chi tit gia cng v chuyn ng ht lng c mi quan h cht ch ph thuc vo s ng rng trn chi tit gia cng. Ta xt mi quan h gia s vng quay ca chi tit gia cng v ca cam thc hin chuyn ng ht lng trong trng hp nh sau:

T B D

ng rng 1 C B' s
H. II-20. S o ong hoc ht lng dao phay lan tru

C' A

A' Q T2 T1

T3

48

 c th ht lng rng xon ca dao phay ln hnh tr, my cn thc hin chuyn ng vng Q, chuyn ng i v T1T2 thc hin ht lng v chuyn ng T3 to nn rng xon c bc ren l T. Chu trnh ht lng t rng ny sang rng khc, th d t rng 1 sang rng 2 c thc hin nh sau: - Dao tnh tin T1 tng ng vi on aa - Dao di ng dc T3 tng ng vi on ab. Tng hp hai chuyn ng ny dao i c ab=aa + ab. Nh th dao ch i c n im b m cha n im c trn ng rng 2. Do , dao cn phi i thm mt on bc hon thnh chu trnh ht lng mt rng. C chuyn t rng ny sang rng khc, dao iu phi i thm mt on bc cho n khi gia cng ton b cc rnh rng tng ng vi tin dc s, dao phi di thm mt on di bc=bc. Nh vy khi phi quay 1 vng, dao tnh tin mt bc s t a n b, nhng cha tr v ng xon c, l im c.. Do , n khng bo m s phi hp: khi phi quay 1 vng, my gia cng xong Z rng,ngha l n khng Z m bo s phi hp:phi quay 1 vng cam phi quay vng. V th ngoi k nhng chuyn ng trn, my cn phi thm mt chuyn ng ph na(thm hoc bt) dao c th ht lng n im c. Chuyn ng ph l chuyn ng vi sai. thc hin chuyn ng ph, kt cu ng hc ca my c thc Z S hin nh sau: thc hin :1 vng quay ca phi (1 ) vng quay ca k T cam, truyn ng dn n cam chia lm hai a xch: Z vng quay ca cam (tc - Mt xch phi m bo : 1 vng quay ca phi k l ht xong z rng). y l xch c c cu iu chnh ix - Mt xch phi m bo: 1 vng quay ca phi , tc l 1 bc tin s ca dao Z Z s . = b s vng quay ph thm ca cam.y l c cu diu chnh iy. k T k

iv

ix iS

Vs iy

cam

H. II-21. S kt cu ng hc my ht lng vn nng

49

III.12S ng my K96

H. II-21.S o ong may tien ht lng K96

IV .1.3 Cc c cu truyn dn .
C cu thc hin chuyn ng tnh tin ca my ht lng . Trn bn (1) t bn dao c th quay tron (2). Do , dao tin c th iu chnh song song hoc thng gc vi trc ca phi . Cam (3) m bo cho bn (1) chuyn ng tnh tin (hoc lui ) nh cht (4) v l xo (5). L xo (5) lun y bn dao thc hin chuyn ng li. Chuyn ng ca cam (3) do cp bnh rng cn truyn t mt trc khc n. Cam c th thay th ty theo cao ht lng v hnh dng nh hnh .

H. II-2. C cau tnh tien dao ht lng

on cong abc ca cam thc hin chuyn ng tin dao T, cn on cong cd thc chuyn dng li dao To. ng cong ca cam l ng arsimet, cho chuyn ng T c vn tc u . nng h bng vi chiu su ht lng, v cam c ch to vi nhng nng khc nhau c th thay th c.

50

 gim vn tc q ca trc cam, ngi ta lm nhiu ng cong cng tc (hnh c) lm c hai ng cng tc, tc l hnh trnh tin dao v li dao khi cam quay mt vng. So ng cong cng tc c th 4. gia cng nhng dao phay c rnh cha phoi A ln, gc ca cam cn lm ln hn. Do ta c th ko di thi gian, gim bt lc chn ntg khi thay i hnh trnh mt cch t ngt. Gc c th t 12 n 450 v nng ca cam h = 0,25 n 30 mm. Nu nh phi cn gia cng z rng, v cam c k phn tin dao (tc l k ng cong cng tc), th cng thc iu chnh ht lng dao phay a mdul phi m bo: phi quay mt z vng , cam quay vng, tc l : k z 1v . it = vng cam k z it = k itt t so truyen c cau thay the e phu hp gia k va z

IV.2. MAY TIEN REVOLVER. IV.2.1. Nguyen ly hoat ong .

May tien Revolve dung trong san xuat hang loat e gia cong san pham co dang tron xoay lam nhieu cong viec bang nhieu dao khac nhau:dao tien, khoan, taro, ban ren, doa vv Tuy theo san pham gia cong, khi ieu chnh may ta lap san tren may tat ca cac dao can dung theo th t qui trnh cong nghe a nh.

IV.2.2. S ng my Revolver 1M36 V.2.2. Cac c cau truyen dan . a/ au revlve.

au revolve la c cau lap dao, co truc song song vi truc chnh may. Dao cat lap tren lo (1) song song vi truc quay, hoac lap tren o ga chuyen dung. So v tr lap dao co t 6 en 16 , thng la 12 lo. Tam cac lo v tr cao nhat ong tam vi truc chnh.

51

252

49 41 51 V VI 58 L1

52 23 54 43 31 25 L 2 55 46 VIII 71 12x4 XIV 38 36 36 18 L6 K=3 30 42 21 60XIII 46 XII 38 36 C 42 D 30 t=10x2 30 38 30 36 K=3 30 L8 60 21 32 46 18 XVIII Z=12 XIX 30 L 86 3 20 L 30 4 A III II 9

21 2637 32 26 42

26 39 39 VII

30 26 62

52 36 30 42 X 36 30 42 42 36

56 60 20 38

IX 20 38 62 56 19 XVI 56 XV 20 38 27La La K= 3 27 18 E 36

XI

XVI 38 XVII

38 30 42 B 36 42

14

L7 26 18 48

N=1kW N=14kW n=1440v/p 144

XIII

H. II-23. S o ong may Revove1M36

H. II-24. Cac dang au Revonve

b/ C cau kep phoi thanh .

Khi gia cong xong chi tiet phoi thanh , c cau kep phoi m ra e dch chuyen phoi thanh ve pha trc , tiep tuc gia cong chi tiet khac. Truc chnh ca may ngi ta lap c cau kep phoi thanh (hnh ve).

52

Truc chnh

4
H. II-25. C cau kep phoi thanh

Mt trc cua tru lap au (1) co mt trong tiep xuc vi mat con cua vau kep an hoi (2). Ben trong truc chnh co lap ong t (3), mot au cua no t vao vau kep an hoi. Phoi thanh c at tren ong t, tay gat (4) ay con trt (5) sang trai, vau ay (6) se a ong t sang phai. Di tac dung cua mat con , vau kep an hoi (2) se kep chat phoi. Neu qua trnh ngc lai, phoi c ni long , c cau se ay phoi phong ra pha trc, sau c cau se lam viec tr lai.

IV.3. MAY TIEN NG

May tien ng la loai may co truc chnh at thang ng, tren co lap ban may quay tron va nhng vau cap e co nh chi tiet gia cong. Dung e gia cong nhng chi tiet ngan co ng knh ln, hoac nhng chi tiet co hnh dang khong oi xng Ngoai viec gia cong cac mat tru ,mat con trong va con ngoai con co the gia cong: xen mat, cat ren, khoan, khoet, doa.

IV.5. MAY TIEN CUT

Dung gia cong chi tiet ln co ng knh trong khoang 300 -700 mm va L hn na. T le gia ng knh va chieu dai cua chi tiet gia cong l 0.5< <1. D Thng co hai loai may tien cut: loai bang may va than may lien mot khoi (gia cong chi tiet nho hn va dai), loai than may va tru ban dao tach ri (gia cong chi tiet ln va det). Khuyet iem chnh cua may tien cut la: ga at chi tiet kho khan va nang suat thap (v chi tiet quay xung quanh truc nam ngang, do trong lng cua ban than lam cho no luon b lat nhao xuong) va o cng vng kem.

53

CHNG III

MAY KHOAN MAY DOA.

I. MAY KHOAN I.1. Nguyn l chuyn ng v kt cu ng hc my khoan . Thc hien s ket hp gia chuyen ong quay tron va chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao cat, hnh thanh be mat gia cong, trong o hia cong cac be mat tron xoay co ng chuan la ng tron ng sinh la ng thang, cong, gay khuc. Chu yeu be mat trong, neu phat trien them o ga, dao co the gia cong cac dang be mat khac. I.1.1. Nguyn l chuyn ng .

H. III.1. Chuyen ong tao hnh may khoan

Chuyen ong tao hnh : Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay tron cua mui khoan. Chuyen ong chay dao la chuyen ong tnh tien cua mui khoan theo phng thang ng ).

64

I.1.2. S kt cu ng hc my khoan

iv

is

n
H. III.2. S o ket cau ong hoc may khoan

I.2 . Cong dung v phn loi I.2.1. Cng dng . May khoan la may ct kim loai dung e gia cong cac be mat tron xoay , cong nghe chnh la gia cong cac chi tiet dang lo . Ngoi ra cn dng khot ,doa , ct ren bng tar, hoc gia cng b mt c tit din nh, thng gc hoc cng chiu trc vi l khoan.

H. III.3. Khoan lo thung va khong thung

H. III.4. Doa lo thang va lo con

65

H. III.5. Cac kieu la lo

H. III.6. Cac loai dung cu khoet va doa

I.2. 2 . Phan loai : May khoan ban. May khoan ng. May khoan can. May khoan nhieu truc

66

H. III.7. May khoan ng

H. III.8. My Khoan Bn

H. III.9.My Khoan in Cm tay

H. III.10. Maykhoan nhiu truc My khoan nhieu trc

H. III.11. My khoan cn

67

I.2.3. Cac c phan va chi tiet may khoan

Bang ieu khien C hnh trnh Tay quay trc chnh

au may ng c Tay quay au khoan Hp chy dao

Trc chnh Than may Ban may

ong c bm nc

H. III.12. Cac bo phan c ban may khoan

I.3. MAY KHOAN NG 2A150 I.3.1.ac tnh ky thuat - ng knh ln nhat cua lo gia cong : 50 mm. - So cap van toc truc chnh : Z = 12. - So vong quay truc chnh : n = 32 1400 v/ph. 68

Lng chay dao : S = 0,125 2,64 mm/vg. Cong suat ong c chnh : N = 7 KW.

I.3.2.S ng my khoan 2A150.

S o ong may khoan ng 2A150

I .3.2.1.Phng trnh c ban xch toc o nc .iv = ntc.

69

Phng trnh xch toc o

23 60 n c (1400v/p) 173 173 30 53 43 40 36 47 29 50

50 61 43 47 21 72 21 72 61 47 61 20 47 61 20 61 = n tc

ng truyen xch toc o I.3.2.2.Phng trnh xch chay dao

18 46 1vtc 29 29 47 46 24 40 30 40

34 18 35 43 34 35 51 18 35 26 35 26 36 L o ng 1 4 12 = S x x d 53 60

ng truyen xch chay dao

I.3.3.3.Cc c cu truyn dn trong my khoan 2A150 2

4 3
H. III.13. Ket cau truc chnh may khoan

Kt cu trc chnh my khoan

c th m bo thc hin chuyn ng vng v chuyn ng thng, kt cu trc chnh my khoan ng nh sau 70

Chuyn ng trn ca trc chnh c truyn t hp tc n bc c rnh then khp vi phn then hoa (1) ca trc chnh . Chuyn ng chy dao c thc hin t trc chnh , qua hp chy dao n c cu bnh rng thanh rng. Thanh rng c lp trn bc (3). Bc ny kt hp vi trc chnh cng di ng theo chiu trc , thc hin chuyn ng chy dao. cn bng trng lng trc chnh, ngi ta dng i trng qua dy xch (4) . I.4. MAY KHOAN CAN 2B56 e khac phuc nhc iem cua may khoan n. Khi kch thc chi tiet co khoi lng nang va o vn dai cua au khoan khong at kha nang gia cong, cho nen ngi ta thiet ke may khoan co o vn dai cua dai cua hop au khoan di ieu chnh di ong phu hp vi ieu kien gia cong, ngoai ra hop au khoan con xoay theo ba phng. I.4.1. ac tnh ky thuat ng knh lo khoan ln nhat :50 mm. Tam vi cua truc chnh : 375 2095 mm. Lng di ong thang ng cua truc chnh : 350 mm. Lng di ong thang ng cua xa ngang : 940 mm. So vong quay truc chnh : n = 55 1140 v/p. Lng chay dao : S = 0,15 1,2 mm/v.

71

I.4.2. Cac bo phan c ban

1 Be may. 2 Ong . 3 ong c nang 4 Can.

H. III.14. May khoan can

72

5 Hop toc o.
I.4.3.S ng my khoan cn 2B56.

48

1x 60

S o ong may khoan can 2B56 I.4.3.1. Phng trnh c ban xch toc o

nc .iv = ntc.

73

Phng trnh xch toc o

40 40 n c (1440v/p)31 49 31 49 23 57
I.4.3.2. Phng trnh xch chay dao

33 40 40 33

22 48 34 36

43 27 27 43

= n tc

19 35 1vtc 31 41 25 29 22 32

29 29 18 40 40 18 L 2 o ng 22 1 .3.13 = S (mm/vo ng) 55 60

Phng trnh xch ieu chnh o cao cua can

nc 23 16 6 66 54
2

= Scan (mm/phut) (theo phng ng)

Ngoai ra con co mot ong c N = 0,52 KW truyen ong truc vt, banh vt 2 x 60 en c cau vtme visai (e kep hoac thao vong xiet).

I. 4.3.3.3.Cc c cu truyn dn trong my khoan cn . a. Ket cau cua tay quay nhanh

thanh ra ng thanh ra ng

Tay quay 3

13b

XI 13a

Tay quay 2 XII Ly h p Z = 60

H. III.15. C cau chay dao nhanh

74

- ong ly hp (gat tay quay 3 vao pha trong chuyen ong truyen t truc vt banh vt 1/60 en ly hp truc XII va c cau banh rang va thanh rang 13a thc hien chay dao t ong. - M ly hp bang cach keo tay quay 3 ra pha ngoai quay tay quay 3 quanh tam truc XI, XII e thc hien chay dao nhanh bang tay. - Neu tay quay 2 chuyen ong truyen sang truc XI c cau banh rang 13b lam cho hop truc chnh dch chuyen doc theo can. b. C cu an ton. VI Z22 1 3 5 2

Bnh thng 4 6 I
H. III.16.C cau an toan

Qu ti

phng qu ti, trn trc VIII hp chy dao ngi ta dng c cu an ton. Phn di ca bnh rng Z22 long khng trn trc VIII. Phn (1) ca ly hp vu lp trn cui trc VIII. Phn (2) ly hp vu trt bng then pha trong hnh chung. u c vu phn (2) ni lin vi phn (1) nh vin bi (3). Phn di ca chi tit (2) c to thnh rng trong, c th n khp vi bnh rng (4) lp cht trn trc ca tay quay (I). Do , chi tit (2) n khp vi chi tit (1) v bnh rng (4). Chi tit (2) di ng nh tay gt c l xo (5). Khi lm vic bnh thng, tay gt l xo (5) y phn (2) n khp vi phn (1) ca ly hp vu, cc vin bi (3) s hot ng. Khi qu ti lc ct s thng lc l xo (6), hai phn ca hp ly vu trt ln nhau. Phan (2) trt v pha di, l xo (6) y phn (2) n khp vi bnh rng (4), xch chy dao s b ct t. Khi bnh rng (4) n khp bnh rng trong ca phn (2), ta c th thc hin chy dao chm bng tay nh tay quay (I).

75

MAY PHAY
I. NGUYN L V S KT CU NG HC
I.1. Nguyn l Thc hien chuyen ong xoay tron cua dao phay la chuyn ng chnh v ket hp chuyen ong thang hnh thanh chuyen ong chay dao. Cac chuyen ong nay phoi hp vi nhau hnh thanh chuyen ong tao hnh. Chuyen ong xoay tron hnh thanh chuyen ong chnh, tao nen van toc cat. Chuyen ong thang cua ban may hay la chuyen ong cua chi tiet hnh thanh chuyen ong chay dao, tao nen bc tien s (mm/ rang hoac mm/vong), Chuyen ong tnh tien ca chi tit theo ba phng dc, phng ngang, hoc thng ng. Qu trnh phay c th hin bng cac chuyen ong tao hnh, phng phap gia cong, ngoai ra con con phu thuoc vao hnh dang dao cat, phng ga at gia chi tiet va dao. I.2.S kt cu ng hc: Nc1

CHNG IV

Uv Sn Sd Nc2 s L 2

ntc

H. IV.1. S o ket cau ong hoc may phay

84

II. CONG DUNG VA PHAN LOAI II.1. Cong dung : May phay co pham vi s dung rat ln, dung e gia cong cac be mat phang, cac mat tru tron xoay, cac mat nh hnh, cac be mat ac biet Cong nghe gia cong cac chi tiet:

85

H. IV.2. Cac phng phap phay va chuyen ong tao hnh

II.2 . Phan loai Ve mat ket cau May phay ng. May phay ngang. Ve mat tnh nang - May phay van nang : May phay ngang van nang. May phay ng van nang. - May phay chuyen dung : May phay ranh then. May phay ren vt. May phay chep hnh. May phay lan rang.

86

- May phay chuyen mon hoa Ve mat ieu khien C kh Ky thuat so - Ve mat cong dung May phay ranh then hoa May phay ren vtvan nang May phay chep hnh. May phay banh rang

H. IV.3. My phay ng

87

H. IV.4. My phay ging

Dao
Chi tit u d

Mu

H. IV.5. My phay chp hnh

88

II.3. Cac bo phan c ban

Tay quay x Gi

Trc chnh

Tay quay hp s

Bn my

Sng trt Gt bn ngang Du xch bn dc Gt bn dc

Bm nht

Np t in Tay quay bn ng Tay gt bn ng Kha bn ng Hp chy dao my Hp iu chnh tc Chy dao

Bulong gi

Trc dao

Dao

Bulng kp x ng cn

Bulng mc cn

Bc lt

H. IV.6. Cac bo phan c ban cua may phay

89

III. MAY PHAY NGANG VAN NANG P82

III.1. ac tnh ky thuat _ Kch thc cua ban may _ 18 cap vong quay truc chnh _ 18 cap lng chay dao doc va ngang _ Cong suat ong c ien chnh III.2.S kt cu ng hc: : 320 x 1250. : n = 30 1500 v/f. : sd,n = 23.5 1800 mm/f. : N = 7 kw.

c1

iv dao

c2

Bn dao is

H. IV.7. S o ket cau ong hoc may phay

III.3. S ng ca my phay vn nng P82

III.3.1.Phng trnh xch toc o

nc . iv = ntc
16 39 26 n c1( 1 4 4 0 v /p ) 54 22 33 19 36 39 26 28 37 18 47 82 38 19 71

= n tc

90

ng truyen xch toc o

III.3.2. Phng trnh xch chay dao III.3.2.1.Phng trnh xch chy dao Sd

Chuyen ong chay dao may phay chu yeu la lng di ong cua ban may. May P82 co 18 lng chay dao doc va ngang t 23,5 1180 mm/f. ng truyen xch chay dao S
18 36 nc1(1420v/p) 26 20 36 44 68 18 27 27 24 34 18 40 21 37 L 1 40 40 L 3 o ng 22 34 6 = S 33 34 L 3 m 33 o ng 37 L4 6 = Sn 37 33 33 18 18 L5 o ng 6 = Sd 37 16 18

L2 o ng tra i 38 18 35 33 13 18 40 45 40 40

91

ng truyen xch chay dao

III.3.2.2. Xch chay dao nhanh

26 44 57 n2 L2 ong phai 44 57 43

S d nhanh S n nhanh S d nhanh

92

III.3.3.Cc c cu truyn dn C cau hieu chnh khe h vitme :

Khe h

H. IV.8. C cau hieu chnh khe h vitme

4 vitme. Trn bn trt ngang (1), ngoi ai c chnh (2) cn c ai c ph (3). thc hin chuyn ng dc ca bn my, vtme (4) va quay trong ai c (2) va quay trong ren ca trc vt rng (5) c ren bn ngoi ghp vi ai c ph (3). ren trong trc vt rng (5) p st vi ren ca vtme (4), u mt bn tri ca vt rng c x rnh dc. Dng ai c (6) di ng bc (7) s p mt cn lm cho ren ca trc vt rng b st vo ren ca vtme. Khi vtme quay theo chiu mi tn, mt tri ca cc ren vtme s t st vo ren ca ai c (2) v vtme s di ng sang phi. Cng lc,trc vt rng s b x dch v pha bn tri p kht vo mt ca ren vtme. Do khi phay thun cc vng ren ca ai c (2) s ngn cn s chuyn v ca vtme v bn phi.

1 ban trt ngang. 2 ai oc. 3 ai oc phu.

5 truc vit rong. 6 ai oc. 7 bac.

93

IV. AU PHAN O
IV.1.Cng dng u chia l ph tng quan trng ca cc my phay m c bit l cc my phay vn nng, n m rng kh nng cng ngh ca cc my ln rt nhiu. - Dng g trc ca chi tit gia cng di mt gc cn thit so vi bn my. - Quay chi tit theo chu k quanh trc ca n mt gc nht nh (chia thnh cc phn bng nhau hoc khng bng nhau) - Dng u chia khi ch to cc dng c ct (dao phay, dao doa, dao khot) - Quay lin tc chi tit khi gia cng rnh xon c hoc rng xon ca bnh rng. IV.2.Phn loi u chia c cc loi sau dy: 1. au phan o co da chia 2. au phan o khong co da chia au phan o co da chia va khong co da chia. Thc hien cac phng phap cong nghe sau: a) Chia trc tip b) Chia gin tip c) Chia vi sai d) Chia ranh xoan
v a thn Tay quay Mm tc Mi tm ai c Cn hm Mi tm Vt Vlng

H. IV.9. u chia trc tip

94

H. IV.10. au phan o co da chia

1: vlng; 2: thn; 3: nng; 4: mi tm vt; 5: ai ckhoa; 6: Thanh chi tiet; 7: Truc chnh ; 8:da chia o trc tiep; 9: than e; 10: than truc phan o ; 11:cht kp; 12: du xch; 13: tay quay; 14:vt khoa ; 15: keo chia lo; 18: vong em ; 19: np y; 20: ngang; 21: mi tm; 22: vt hm; 23: gi tm; 24: u ong

IV.3.PHNG PHP PHN

I.V.3.1.u phn c a chia S o ong au phan o ca u phn vn nng c a chia :

H. IV.11. S o ong au phan o co da chia

IV.3.1.1.Phng php phn trc tip Vi phng php ny, da chia c ga trc tiep vao truc chnh. tc la xch truyn ng gia trc vt v bnh vt cn c ct t. Chuyen ong cua da chia trc tiep vao chi tiet gia cong, nen goi la chia trc tiep . S l trong mt vng ca a chia thng dng cho phng php ny l 24. chnh xc ca phng php ny c th t 0.5m trn chu vi.

95

IV.3.1.2. Phn gian tiep Truc chnh Tay quay Banh vt Banh vt Chot

Da chia
Trc vt Mam cap

Truc vt

H. IV.12. Nguyen ly au phan do co da chia, chia gian tiep

H. IV.13. au phan o co da chia

S ng phn gian tiep

H. IV.14. S o ong au phan o

Phng php phn gian tiep,la s truyen ong cua tay quay thong qua s an khp cua truc vt va banh vt en truc chnh ntq . i1 . Goi

K 1 = ntc = Z0 Z

Z0 = N , N la ac tnh c cua au phan o K Z0 1 N A ntq = . = = B K Z Z

A So khoang can quay trong mot lan phan o. B So khoang tren mot vong lo cua a phan o.

96

i1 Ty so truyen co nh (thng i1 = 1). K va Z0 la so au moi truc vt va so rang cua banh vt. Z So phan can chia cua chi tiet. N ac tnh cua au phan o (thng N = 40; 60; 90;120. Cac gia tr cua B tren a chia hai mat : Mat 1 : 24, 25, 28, 30, 34, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43. Mat 2 : 46, 47, 49, 50 , 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 62, 66.

V du 1: Tnh toan au phan o co a chia vi N = 40, e phan chi tiet thanh Z = 72.

H. IV.15. Phng phap phan lo tren da chia

ntq =

Moi lan phan o phai quay 30 lo tren hang lo 54.(khong ke lo ang cam chot).
V du 2 : Tnh toan au phan o co a chia (N = 40) e phan Z = 32.
2 0 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5

A N 40 5 30 = = = = . B Z 72 9 54

A N 40 5 7 = = = = 1vong + B Z 32 4 28 Vay moi lan quay tay quay 1 vong va them 7 lo tren hang lo 28.
ntq =

H. IV.16.Bo tr lo tren da chia

97

IV.3.1.3. Phn vi sai

H. IV.17. Bo tr banh rang thay the tren au phan o vi sai

S o ong au phan o trong trng hp phan o vi sai

H. IV.18. S o ong hoc au phan o khi chia vi sai

Trong trng hp khng th chn c da chia c s l thch hp e phn gin tip. Ngi ta phI tin hnh phn vi sai, tc l chn gi nh mt s Z tng ng vi Z sao cho: ntq = N/ Zx = A/B thch hp vI da phn c vng l B. Nh vy s gy ra sai s, s b vo sai so l ni ng truyn t trc chnh xung tay quay v da chia . Vic phn vi sai c chia thnh hai bc:
Bc 1 : Chon ty so Zx Z va tien hanh phan o vi Zx ntq =

A N = . B Zx

Bc 2 : Tnh toan bo banh rang thay the e bu tr sai so khi phan o vi Zx.

98

Sai so khi phan o vi Zx la :

= ntq ntqx =

1 1 N N = N . Z Z Z Zx x

Phng trnh truyen ong e bu tr sai so :

N N 1 a c ii ' ii ' = = Z b d Z Zx
itt =
1 1 Z a c = NZ = N 1 . Z Z Z b d x x

V du : Tnh toan au phan o co a chia vi N = 40 ;Z = 63.

Bc 1 : chon Zx = 62 N 40 = Do o : nx = . Z x 62 Moi lan phan o quay tay quay qua 40 lo cua hang lo 62 tren a phan o, so rang cac banh rang thay the se la : Bc 2 : itt =
a c Z 40 63 = N 1 = 401 = Z b d 62 62 x

Khong chon c banh rang thay the vi Zx = 62, vay : Chon Zx = 64 nx =

N 40 = . Z x 64

Moi lan phan o quay tay quay qua 40 lo tren hang lo 64 cua a phan o, so rang cac banh rang thay the :
itt = a c Z 63 40 10 4 50 30 = N 1 = 401 = = = Z b d 64 64 8 8 40 60 x

a = 50, b = 40, c = 30, d = 60. iu kin tha man a b c d ; a + b c + (15 20)

Khi Zx> Zx chieu quay cua tay quay va a phan o nh nhau. Khi Zx < Zx chieu quay cua a phan o quay ngc chieu kim ong ho, phai them mot banh rang trung gian Z0 e phu hp vi chieu quay

99

IV.3.1.4. Phan o phay ranh xoan Z4

Z3 Z2 Z=40 Z1 Z=50 vtme

Z=50

H. IV.19. Bo tr banh rang thay the tren au phan o, khi chia ranh xoan

Cc bnh rng Z=501, Z=502, Z=40 l nhng bnh rng c nh lun c lp trong chc, cn cc bnh rng Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 l nhng bnh rng thay th.

S o ong phan o phay ranh xoan

H. IV.20. S o ong au phan o phay ranh xoan

100

Phng trnh truyen ong khi phay ranh xoan : 1 vong phoi

Z0 d b i1 i2 i3 1 1 t x = t p . K c1 a1

itt =

a1 c1 Z 0 t x t = =N x. b1 d1 K t p tp

Vi tx : bc ren truc vitme. tp : Bc xoan can cat, (tp =

D ). tg

H. IV.21. S o hnh thanh ng xoan oc

V du : Tnh toan au phan o co da chia e gia cong banh rang xoan co = 250, Z = 64, D = 80 mm, N = 40, tx = 6. Giai : D 80 tp = = = 539 540mm . tg tg 250 a c t 6 240 4 32 itt = 1 1 = N x = 40 = = = . b1 d1 tp 540 540 9 72

N 40 6 1 = =1 =1 . Z 36 54 9 Vay moi lan phan o tay quay phai quay 1 vong va them 6 lo cua hang lo 54 tren a phan o. ntq =

101

IV.3.3 u phn khng c a chia u phn c da chia v khng c da chia khc nhau : - u phn khng c da, c b bnh rng thay th, thay cho da chia tai v tr tay quay trn u phn . - B truyn vi sai lm nhim v vi sai khi thc hin chuyn ng vi sai

IV.3.3.1.Phn n gin
Z0 II V i2 VI Z4 d I b Z3 k i1 III Z2 Z1 c a

IV

H. IV.22. S o ong au phan o khong co da chia, chia n gian

Phng trnh truyen ong khi phan o n gian :

ntq =

a c K 1 ivs i1 = b d Z0 Z

a, b, c, d : So rang cua cac banh rang thay the. ivs :Ty so truyen cua c cau vi sai. Trong phan o n gian banh rang Z1 ng yen, ivs = 2. ntq : So vong quay chan cua tay quay. (Thng chon ntq = 1vong chan)
a c N N = = b d Zn tq i vs 2Zn tq

i tt =

vi

Z N = 0 . K

102

IV.3.3.2.Phn vi sai S o ong au phan o trong trng hp phan o vi sai

a c1 b1 Z3 V d1 i2 Z2 Z4 d I b Z1 Z0 IV II k i1 III

VI

c a

H. IV.23. S o ong au phan o khong co da chia, chia vi sai

Bc 1 : Chon Zx Z va tnh toan banh rang thay the a, b, c , d, ta co : a c N . i tt = = b d 2 Z x n tq Bc 2 : Tnh toan a1, b1, c1, d1 bu tr sai so khi phan o Zx, tnh sai so khi phan o vi Zx 1 1 = . Z Zx Phng trnh truyen ong e bu tr cho sai so :

1 a1 c1 Z Z Z K 1 1 i2 4 1 2 i1 == . Z b1 d1 Z1 Z 2 Z 3 Z0 Z Zx
Vi Z4 = Z3 1 1 Z a c itt = 1 1 = NZ = N 1 . Z Z Z b1 d1 x x Zx < Z itt > 0 can banh rang trung gian. Zx > Z itt < 0 khong can banh rang trung gian

103

IV.3.3.3. Phn phay rnh xon Phng trnh truyen ong khi phay ranh xoan :
Z0 IV d1 V i2 tx b1 a c1 VI Z4 d I b Z3 II k i1 III Z2 Z1

c a

H. IV.24. S o ong au phan o khong co da chia, chia ranh xoan

1vg t/c

Z0 Z Z Z d b i1 3 2 1 i2 1 1 t x = t p K Z 2 Z1 Z 4 c1 a1 t a c Z t itt = 1 1 = 0 x = N x . b1 d1 K t p tp

104

CHNG V

MAY GIA CONG BANH RANG

H. V.1. Cac dang banh rang gia cong

105

Phi hp cc chuyn ng to hnh c ng trn v ng thng gia cng cc b mt phc tp ca bnh rng

I. CAC PHNG PHAP GIA CONG BANH RANG Co hai phng phap gia cong banh rang. I.1. Phng phap nh hnh

H. V.2. Phng phap phay nh hnh n gian

La phng phap ma cnh ca li ct trng vi ng sinh chi tit gia cng.

H. V.3. Cac dang phay nh hnh

e gia cong bang phng phap nh hnh can co : - May phay van nang.

- au phan o co a chia hoac khong co a chia. - Dao phay modul co hai loai : + Dao phay ngon modul. + Dao phay a modul.
106

Ve nguyen tac khi gia cong banh rang co modul m so rang Z can phai co 1 dao phay rieng. Nhng v iu kin ch to kh khn nn ngi ta ch to theo b v chap nhn c sai s ve bien dang rang Dao phay c tieu chuan hoa thanh hai bo : Bo 8 : gom co 8 dao c ky hieu 1, 2, ..., 8. Bo 15 : gom 15 dao c ky hieu 1, 1 , 2, 2 , ..., 8.
1 2 1 2

So lieu dao Bo 8 ; S rng Bo 15 ; S rng So lieu dao Bo 8 Bo 15

2 1416 14 5 3034

2 1516 6 3554 3541

3 1720 1718 6

3 1920 7

4 2125 2122 7

1215 12 13 4 5

2634 2325 2629

55134 4254 5580 81134

u iem : + Khong can phai co may phay chuyen dung. + Dao phay modul c che tao de dang. Nhc iem : + o chnh xac thap (co sai so do bien dang cua dao, do phan o). + Nang suat thap. + So lng dao phay modul rat ln. Chu yeu gia cong banh rang trong san xuat n chiec. I.2. Phng phap bao hnh: La phng phap gia cong banh rang nhac lai s an
khp gia banh rang thanh rang hoac gia banh rang banh rang.

107

H. V.4. Nguyen ly gia cong bao hnh

a. Da vao nguyen ly an khp banh rang - thanh rang: trong o thanh rang ong vai tro la dao ket cau may phc tap va cong kenh. Thay dao co dang thanh rang bang dao co dang truc vt goi la dao phay lan truc vt may phay lan rang. May phay lan rang co cac chuyen ong tao hnh - Chuyen ong chnh : chuyen ong quay cua dao nd. - Chuyen ong bao hnh : chuyen ong quay cua phoi np. Moi quan he gia chuyen ong quay cua dao va phoi. 1 1 vong dao vong phoi. k z k 1 vong dao vong phoi. z Chuyen ong chay dao la chuyen ong chay dao ng (dao se chuyen ong tnh tien theo phng thang ng) b. Da vao nguyen ly th hai Nguyen ly an khp banh rang banh rang. Khi ng knh chia rang ln so vi thanh rang, dao co dang thanh rang se c thay bang dao co dang banh rang, dao co dang banh rang goi la dao xoc may xoc rang. 108

+ Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong tnh tien thu hoi cua dao xoc nhtx. + Chuyen ong bao hnh : gom chuyen ong quay cua dao nd va chuyen ong quay cua phoi vi moi quan he. 1 1 vong dao vong phoi. zd zp zd so rang cua dao xoc. zp so rang can cat cua phoi. z 1 vong dao d vong phoi. zp Chuyen ong chay dao hng knh : la chuyen ong tnh tien cua ban may mang phoi theo phng hng knh nham gia cong het chieu cao rang (h). h = 2,25 m. (vi m la Modul cua banhrang gia cong) So sanh hai loai may phay lan rang va may xoc rang May phay lan rang c s dung rong rai hn v co nang suat, o chnh xac cao. Tuy nhien may xoc rang c s dung e gia cong trong cac trng hp ma may phay lan rang khong the thc hien c: gia cong banh rang bac, gia cong banh rang trong.

II. MY PHAY LN RNG

II.1.Nguyn l gia cng ln rng:
My ln rng l my gia cng bnh rng theo phng php bao hnh, lp li chuyn ng ca banh rang va thanh rang trong o mot ong vai tro la dao, mot ong vai tro la phoi s an khp nay la s an khp cng b. Nhng theo nguyen ly nay se gay ra cac tr ngai sau 1- Chuyen ong chnh e gia cong c la chuyen ong tnh tien kh hoi, v vay khi chuyen sang thiet may, chuyen ong kh hoi kho co the hien cac c cau nguyen ly may, ben canh o cac thong so phu hp vi cac ieu kien kch thc gia cong kho at yeu cau e ra. 2- Chuyen ong kh hoi lam thi gia phu gia tang, nang suat giam. 3- Cac thong so ve so rang, modul dan en chieu dai dao cat thay oi cho nen kho che tao dao. T o nguyen ly gia cong banh rang c thay oi bang phng phap an khp banh vt va truc vt bien chuyen omg kh hoi hu han thanh chuyen ong quay tron v han cua truc vt, mot ong vai tro la phoi mot ong vai tro la dao, s an khp nay la s an khp cng bc .

109

S nguyn l gia cng bng phng php bao hnh Dao Chi tit

Dao

Chi tit

H. V.5.Chuyen ong tao hnh gia cong banh rang bang phng phap bao hnh

II.1.1. Gia cong banh rang tru rang thang Cac chuyen ong tao hnh gom : + Chuyen ong quay cua dao nd. + Chuyen ong quay cua phoi np. + Chuyen ong chay dao ng S.
Moi quan he gia dao va phoi khi gia cong :

110

1 vong dao

k vong phoi. z

Vi cac banh rang co m 3 co the gia cong trong mot lan. Vi cac banh rang co m > 3 chia thanh cac bc gia cong tho va tinh. e am bao li dao phay luon trung vi hng cua ranh rang ta phai quay truc dao mot goc bang goc nang cua dao.

II.1.2. Gia cong banh rang tru rang xoan Cac chuyen ong tao hnh

n3 n2 S1

n1

H. V.6.Cac chuyen ong tao hnh gia cong tren may phay lan rang

+ Chuyen ong chnh chuyen la ong quay cua dao n1 + Chuyen ong bao hnh la chuyen ong quay cua chi tiet n2 v chuyn ng dao phay n1. + Chuyen ong chay dao ng S1 (la chuyen ong cua dao theo phng thang ng). + Chuyen ong vi sai la chuyen ong quay them hoac bt i cua phoi tao ra ng xoan n3. Chuyen ong nay do c cau vi sai thc hien goi la chuyen ong vi sai. Chuyen ong vi sai phai am bao z S 1 vong phoi vong dao. k T z : So rang can gia cong. k : So au moi cua dao. T : Bc xoan.

S1 : Lng chay dao ng.

111

T=

mn Z . sin

Cac ieu chnh can thiet khi gia cong banh rang xoan

H. V.7. ieu chn hgoc dao cat phu hp vi goc xoan

- ieu chnh goc quay cua truc dao = a1 Dau (-) neu chieu xoan cua dao va banh rang gia cong cung chieu. Dau (+) neu chieu xoan cua dao va banh rang gia cong ngc chieu. - ieu chnh khoang cach A gia ng tam dao va phoi e am bao chieu cao rang h (h = 2,25 mm).

II.1.3.Gia cng bnh vt

H. V.8.Chuyen ong tao hnh gia cong banh vt

+ Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay cua dao nd.

112

+ Chuyen ong bao hnh (chuyen ong phan o) la chuyen ong quay cua phoi. 1 vong dao

k vong phoi. z

+ Chuyen ong chay dao hng knh S2 la chuyen ong tnh tien cua ban may mang phoi theo phng hng knh. Phng phap chay dao hng knh co u iem nang suat cao song dao mon khong eu, v vay ngi ta co the dung phng phap chay dao tiep tuyen . Chay dao tiep tuyen la chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao theo phng doc truc tiep tuyen vi banh vt can gia cong, tat ca rang cua dao eu hoat ong lng mon eu nhng nang suat thap.

II.2. MAY PHAY LAN RANG 5E32

II.2.1.S kt cu ng hc
C Phoi iv v S

Dao ix VS iy

is

H. V.9. S o ket cau ong hoc may phay lan rang 5E32

113

II.2.2. S ng

II.2.2.1. Phng trnh c ban xch toc o

nc . iv = ntc.
+ Xch toc o thc hien chuyen ong quay cua dao nd: n1(1440) iv =

126 32 35 25 25 25 18 iv = nd (vong/ph). 240 48 35 25 25 25 72

nd . 126

114

II.2.2.2. Phng trnh xch bao hnh

k vong phoi. z 72 25 25 25 46 e 1 k = vong phoi. 1 vong dao 1 ix 18 25 25 25 46 f 96 z 24 k ix = Z e f e 54 = 1= Vi . Khi gia cng chi tit c Z<160 54 f e 1 36 Vi = = . Khi gia cng chi tit c Z>160 2 72 f
1vong dao

II.2.2.3. Phng trnh xch chy dao dc trc 1 vong phoi Sd (mm/ vong) 1 vg phoi
96 2 45 19 16 4 5 is t x = Sd ; trong o tx= 10 mm 1 24 36 19 16 20 30 3 is= Sd 10

II.2.2.4. Phng trnh xch chy dao dc trc 1 vong phoi Sn (mm/ vong) 1 vg phoi is=
96 2 45 19 16 4 2 20 5 is tx = Sd ; 1 24 36 19 16 20 20 25 30

trong o tx= 10mm

5 Sn 8

II.2.2.5. Phng trnh xch chy dao dc trc

Xch chay dao doc truc Thc hien chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao theo phng doc truc khi gia cong banh vt bang phng phap chay dao tiep tuyen. Khong dung c cau vi sai 1vgphoi St vong dao (quay them hoac bt i).

115

1 v/ph

96 2 45 19 16 35 1 is 2 = St (mm/vph). 1 24 36 19 16 35 50
is =

5 St . 2

Dung c cau vi sai 1vgphoi m z vong dao. 1v/ph is =

96 1 f 1 30 1 45 19 16 35 1 2 = m z (mm/vph). 1 ix e 2 1 i y 36 19 16 35 50 3 . mk

II.2.2.6. Phng trnh xch chy dao ct rnh xon

Khi ct rnh xon,ngi ta khng cho bit bc xon T m cho gc nghing ca rng , ta c mi quan h nh sau: t m .m = mS = t S .m S cos T = .cotg = .z.m S .cotg z. . cot g z. .m T = = cos sin a c 25 z m iY = 1 . 1 = b1 d1 kT a c 7.95775. sin cng thc iu chnh iY = 1 . 1 = b1 d1 m.k Cos =
Dau khi hng xon ca dao v phi cng chiu Dau + khi hng xon ca dao v phi ngc chiu.

116

III. MY XC RNG III.1. Nguyn l gia cng xc rng

Nguyn l xc rng l nhc lI s an khp ca bnh rng v bnh rng mt ng vai tr l dao mt ng vai tr l phi s n khp ny l s n khp cng bc Cc chuyn ng ca nguyn l gia cng bao hnh bng phng php xc rng - T3 chuyn ng chnh , hnh thnh vn tc ct - Q1 v Q2 chuyn ng bao hnh - T4 (Sk) chuyn ng chay dao hng knh - Ngoi ra my cn c chuyn ng nhng dao.

Dao

Dao

Chi tit

Chi tit

H. V.10. Nguyn l va chuyen ong xc rng bao hnh

117

III.2.1. S kt cu ng hc

H. V.11. S o ke cau ong hoc may xoc 514

118

III.2.2. S ng

III.2.2.1. Phng trnh xch tc

+ Phng trnh c ban xch toc o: nc . iv = ntc.

119

+ Phng trnh xch toc o :

22 88 29 81 37 73 46 64

n1 100 0,985 280

= ntc (htk/ph).

125htk / ph 178htk / ph ntc = . 253htk / ph 359htk / ph e la chon so hanh trnh kep cua dao xoc, can tnh so hanh trnh kep can thiet theo cong thc: 1000v n= (htk/ph) (vi L = b + c). 2L L Chieu dai cua hanh trnh kep. b Be day cua phoi. c Khoang vt qua cua dao. v Van toc cat phu thuoc vao modul va vat lieu cua banh rang gia cong.

III.2.2.2. Phng trnh xch bao hnh

1 vong dao

zd vong phoi. zp

1vtc

z 100 30 30 a1 c1 1 = d . 1 30 30 b1 d1 240 z p

Cong thc ieu chnh chac phan o : a c z ix = 1 1 = 2,4 d . b1 d1 zp

III.2.2.3. Phng trnh xch chy dao hng knh + Phng trnh xch chay dao hng knh
1vt ( II ) 28 a3 24 1 2 T = S (mm / htk ) . 28 b3 48 40 40

T o nang cua cam. 120

Trong may 514, cam thc hien lng chay dao hng knh, khi xch phan o quay no vong, tc la 900, vi cam co o nang h = 19,2, th : 19,2 3600 (mm) . T= 900 Cong thc ieu chnh chac chay dao hng knh : a3 S = . b3 0.048 Cac banh rang thay the tren may 514 thc hien chay dao hng knh S = 0,024; 0.048; 0.096. III.2.2.4. Phng trnh xch nhng dao:

Khi dao xc thc hin xong hnh trnh thun (hnh trnh ct) dao xc i ln phi v dao phi tch ri nhau mt khong t 3 5 mm trnh chm nhau. Xch truyn ng thc hin nhim v ny gi l xch nhng dao. N c thc hin t cam lp trn trc II cam ny tip xc vi con ln 6 gn vi khung. Khi cam quay, khung di ng trc XIV ln xung lm cho a bin 8 lp trn trc XVI quay trn. Trc XVII lp lch tm trn a bin 8 s mang bn my lp phi chuyn ng ra vo tng ng vi cc hnh trnh ca dao xc.

III.2.3. C cu truyn dn
C cu iu khin hnh trnh v iu khin dao xc

H. V.11.C cau ieu khien hanh trnh dao xoc

Mun iu chnh ln hnh trnh dao xc (ph thuc vo chiu di rng gia cng) dng c l vn 51 iu chnh lch tm ca cht 53 trn a bin 31 hnh trnh chuyn ng ca thanh rng 29 thay i. Mun iu chnh v tr ca trc dao dc ta vn vt 57 iu chnh v tr an khp u tin ca thanh rng 29 vi bnh rng 26 quay trc III gi cho v tr trc dao cn thit.

121

CHNG VI

MY MI
I. NGUYN L CHUYN NG V S KT CU NG HC
I.1.Nguyn l chuyn ng
Trn tt c cc loi my mi, chuyn ng chnh v l chuyn ng vng ca mi tnh bng [ m/s]. Chuyn ng chy dao trn my mi rt khc nhau ph thuc vo tnh cht ca tng loi my.

I.2.S kt cu ng hc

H. VI.1.S o ket cau ong hoc may mai

II.PHN LOI
My mi gm cc loi sau y:

II.1.MY MI TRN NGOI

Mm y tc

H. VI.2. May mai tron ngoai

122

II.1.1.My mi trn ngoi c tm

H. VI.3. May mai tron ngoai

Mt mi mi Nc lm mt

Chi tit
H. VI.4.Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai tron ngoai

mi

Chi tit
H. VI.5. Cac dang be mat mai tron ngoai

123

H. VI.6. Cac phng phap mai tren may mai tron ngoai

II.1.2.My mi trn ngoi v tm

H. VI.7. May mai vo tam

124

 mi Chi tit Thanh

Chiu quay

Gc nghing = mi Chi tit mi

dn dn

Thanh

H. VI.8. May va phng phap mai vo tam

125

H. VI.9. Nguyen ly chuyen ong mai vo tam

Nguyn l mi v tm
mi (1) hnh tr, c tc v1=3060 m/s.Bnh dn 2 c dng hnh yn nga (hyperboloide) quay vi tc v2= 10 50m/pht. Chi tit s 3 quay trn vi vn tc v. Thanh 4, mng dn 5 gi cho chi tit trt dc. Bnh dn khng c tc dng mi chi tit.N c nhim v lm cho phi quay trn nh lc ma st gia hai mt . Lc ma st cn phi ln hn lc ct (h s ma st ca dn trn thp khong 0.6). Thanh c th thay i v iu chnh c ty theo vt liu ca chi tit gia cng, thanh lm bng nhng vt liu khc nhau. Nu phi l thp hoc kim loi , thanh cn l thp chng mn hoc thp hp kim cng. gim rung ng b mt t ca thanh t nghing v pha dn mt gc t 3040 0 v trnh kt, chi tit gia cng cn t cao hn ng ni lin hai tm mt khong h=(0.150.25)d nhng khng qu 1012 mm (d: ng knh chi tit gia cng). Gc c nh hng n ln lng chy dao.Khi mi th ly tr s =1.56, khi mi tinh =0.51.5 0

II.2. MY MI TRN TRONG

Chi tiet a mai

H. VI.10. May mai tron trong

126

II.2.1.My mi trn trong cng bc

mi Dy ai

Chi tit

Chiu n dao dc Bn my

mi

H. VI.11. Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai tron trong

II.2.2. My mi trn trong v tm

mi ngoi

mi trong

Chi tit

H. VI.12. Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai tron trong vo tam

127

II.3. MY MI PHNG
II.3.1. My mi phng mi chu vi

H. VI.13. May mai phang

128

II.3.2. My mi phng mi mt u

H. VI.14. Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai mat au

II.3.3. My mi phng bn my chuyn ng dc

Chuyen ng mi mi ` mi

Chi tit

Chuyn ng bn my Chi tit

Bn t

Chuyn ng bn my

Bn t

H. VI.15. Ban may chuyen ong doc

II.3.4. My mi phng bn my xoay trn

Chuyen ng mi mi Chi tit Chi tit mi

Chuyn ng bn my

Bn t

Chiu quay 129

Bn t

H. VI.16. Ban may chuyen ong tron

III. MY MI TRN NGOI 3A150 III.1. Tnh nng k thut

-ng knh v chiu di ln nht ca phi -ng knh mi -Gc quay ln nht ca bn my : : : 100*180 mm 230*300 mm 10 0

III.2. S ng my

H. VI.18. S o ong may mai tron ngoai 3A150

III.3.CC C CU TRUYN NG C cu cng tc xilanh-piston: Trang thi hm: Du cao p dn vo c hai bung ca xi lanh,bn my ang chuyn ng s hm tc th ti v tr cn thit.Khi ta gt tay gt ca van trt iu khin t ng 9 ng du cao p ni t bm 6 qua van i chiu 7 r theo 2 ng.mt vo xi lanh 8,mt vo van 9 ri tr v van o chiu 7 vo bung tri xi lanh. Trng thi qu ti (hay khi bm du lm vic nhng du khng dn vo c cu cng tc):ta gt tay gt ca van iu khin 9 cho ng du cao p t bm 6 vo van 9 ni vo b du.Khi my qu ti du qua van an ton 11 v b.

130

H. VI.19. C cau ao chieu he thong thuy lc

IV. MY MI PHNG 3E711B

IV.1. Tnh nng k thut
My mi phang l my dng gia cng tinh cng nh th cc mt phng bng mt tr hoc mt u ca mi. -Kch thc bn my : 200 x 630 -Chuyn ng ca bn my dc : s1=235 m/p -Chuyn ng ca bn my ngang : s2=0.011.5 m/p -Kch thc my : 2700 x 1775 x 1910 mm

131

IV.2. S ng my mi phng 3E711B

S2 18 20 12 8

105 S1 S3

K=1

L1

t=5mm

t=6mm 90 K=1

10

L2 I

11

K=1 100

100

S ng my mi phng 3E711B

34

132

VI. NGUYN L LM VIC CA CC MY MI KHC VI.1. My Mi Then Hoa

H. VI.20. Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai then hoa

Phng php mi ng thi y rnh v mt bn ca then. Vi phng php ny, my phi c c cu chp hnh sa . Phng php mi ba n c chnh xc v nng sut km hn nhng u im c th dng nhiu loi khc nhau mi y rnh v mt bn ta cng c th mi ring l y v 2 mt bn nhng nng sut thp v phi chnh li my khi mi mt bn sang y rnh. Chuyn ng chnh v ca mi thc hin t ng c chnh qua c cu puli ai truyn. Chuyn ng chy dao dc l chuyn ng thng i v ca bn my c thc hin v cp bng h thng du p. Chuyn ng chy dao ng ca mi c th thc hin bng tay hoc t ng.Khi chy bng tay th ta dng tay quay quay trc vtme c nh trn bn trt ng. Chuyn ng phn : m bo phn rnh chnh xc, my dng c cu phn c bit lp trong trc ca bn my.

VI.1.2.MY MI DNG C CT
mi Dao mi Thanh

Thanh

Dao
H. VI.21. Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai dung cu cat

133

Dao Dao Dao mi

mi

Thanh

a mai

Dao

H. VI.22. Cac kieu ga at mai cac loai dung cu cat

Bn my lp phi hoc my c th quay i nhng gc khc nhau mi cc gc , , , ca dao ct.

134

VI.3. MY MI TINH XC

H. VI.23. Nguyen ly va chuyen ong may mai tinh xac

Dng gia cng cc l c chnh xc cao v bng cao nh l blc xilanh, s mi xilanh.l xilanh.my c th sa li sai s v cn, van l. mi c kt cu : Thanh mi s 4 (gm nhiu thanh ) kp vo u mi c iu chnh hng t ng do hai cn 2 v 5 lp ren vi trc 3. Sau hnh trnh ln xung ca u mi,trc 3 quay, cn 2 v 5 tin gn li qua cht 1 lm cho thanh mi 4 n ra lun p st vo b mt mi. My c kt cu nh my khoan ng, ng c in 3 truyn chuyn ng cho u mi 2, u mi ln xung do h thng du p t trong thn my 1.4 v 7 l trc khng ch hnh trnh, tay gt 8 iu khin h thng thu lc.

135

CHUYN NG HC TRONG MY CT KIM LOI

( May chuyen ong thang )

- 2006 -

136

CHNG VII

MAY CHUYEN ONG THANG

I. MAY BAO
I.1. Cong dung va phan loai I.1.1. Cong dung
May bao dung e gia cong chi tit c dnh mt phng, c ng chun l ng thng ng sinh l ng thng, cong, gy khc. T , hnh thanh cc b mt gia cng c hnh dng mat phang ngang, ng va nghieng, cac ranh ch T, ranh uoi en, ranh vuongNgoi ra i khi ngi ta cn dng my bo gia cng nhng b mt nh hnh.

H. VII.1. Cac be mat gia cong tren may bao

137

Ranh ch T I.1.2. Phan loai May bao co hai loai : - May bao ngang. - May bao ging.

Ranh vuong
Cc dng b mt gia cng trn my bo

Ranh ui n

H. VII.2. My bo ngang

138

H. VII.3. My bo ging

139

I.2.MY BO NGANG 7A35

I.2.1.Tnh nng k thut Chiu di ln nht ca bn trt 200-2400 mm. Chuyn ng chnh l chuyn ng thng i v do dao thc. Chuyn ng chy dao l chuyn ng tnh tin khng lin tc do phi thc hin. Cc b phn c bn ca my bo:
Trc vt dn hng Du xch ai c xoay u dao u gn dao Khau chia

Cht xoay C t hnh trnh

Chn tc

Bn my G bn my Du xch ngang Trc quay tay Sng trt

H. VII.4. Cac bo phan c ban may bao ngang

140

I.2.2. S ng

H. VII.5. S o ong may bao ngang

I.2.3.Cc c cu truyn dn + C cau culit lac C cu ny bin chuyn ng quay mt chiu thnh chuyn ng tnh tin i v hai chiu vi tc khc nhau.

141

H. VII.7. C cau culit lac

H. VII.8. Gian o thi lam viec c cau cu lit lac

Khi a bien (1) quay tron can lac (4) lac l vi mot goc 2 ban trt chuyen ong i va ve. + C cu bnh rng - thanh rng hoc vtme cu :

H. VII.9. Gian o lam viec c cau banh rang thanh rang

142

Ch dng cho hnh trnh ln t 1000- 1200 mm. C u im l tc n nh, nhng phi dng thm c cu o chiu chuyn ng thng bng c kh hoc bng in, nenhin nay t dng. + C cu du p Du t bm du theo ng ng truyn vo c cu cng tc.V tr 1-u bo li v,v tr 2- u bo tin cng tc.
Vct Vck

C cu cng tc Van o chiu Bm Q

H. VII.10. S o may bao thuy lc

Trn bn trt u bo c gn vu khng ch chiu di hnh trnh.Vu ny gt tay t ng v tr 1 v 2 dng o chiu nhanh,v tr s V ct v V ck V ct =
Q Q ; V ck = S Ss

Q: Lu lng du t bm vo trong c cu cng tc S: Din tch piston Nhc im: kh ch to, nhit c nh hng n s lm vic n nh ca myv.v. + C cau chay dao C cu chy dao ngang t ng:

143

H. VII.11. C cau chay dao t ong may bao ngang

Bnh Z1 (21) lp then vi trc a bin (ca c cu cult), bnh Z2 (22) lng khng trn trc thanh 6. Qu trnh lm vic nh sau: Yu cu sau mi hnh trnh kp ca u bo, bn my chy ngang mt lng S. u tin a bin quay qua Z1-Z2 ti cht lch tm 7 quay xung quanh Z2 ko n 5 lm cho thanh 4 quay lc. - Khi n 5 ko sang phi,con cc 4 vo khp bnh cc, truyn chuyn ng quay ti trc vtme ngang di ng nh bn my. - Khi n 5 b y sang tri, mt vt nghin ca con cc trt trn rng bnh cc v np chn 1, bn my ng yn.Khi bn my 9 ln xung ko n 8 v thanh lc 6 gi cho c h thng lm vic nh c.

H. VII.12. S o nguyen ly chieu chuyen ong ban may

Nguyn tc lm vic cng ging nh trn, mun iu chnh ln ca lng chy dao ch cn iu chnh lch tm ca cht 7 bng vt iu chnh. + C cu chy dao thng ng Khi vu di ng ti chm vo vu c nh, lm quay bnh cc truyn ti g dao thng ng qua vtme ng.
144

Vt iu chnh

Vu di ng Vu c nh

Than may
H. VII.13. C cau chay dao thang ng

H. VII.14. C cau au dao bao

145

II. MAY XOC:

II.1. Cng dng : May xoc la may co chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong thang ng do dao thc hien theo phng thang ng.
My xc dng gia cng cc rnh bn trong l, bnh rng trong,then hoa v.v

Cac dang be mat may xoc co the gia cong

H. VII.15. Chuyen ong tao hnh may xoc

-.

Cac dang mat phang Cac dang mat nh hnh.

Cac dang ranh trong va ngoai

H. VII.16.Cac dang chi tiet gia cong tren may xoc

146

II.2.MY XC 743 III.2.1.Tnh nng k thut -Hnh trnh ln nht ca bn trt

-ng knh ca bn my -Phm vi iu chnh s hnh trnh kp -Phm vi iu chnh lng chy dao Hnh dang ben ngoai
u trt

L =300 mm =610 mm 20 80 htk/f 0.05 2 mm/hkt

Dao

Chi tit

Hp chy dao Tay quay ngang Tay quay dc Sng trt my

H. VII.17. Cac bo phan c ban tren may xoc

147

II.2.2.S ng my xc 743

S ng my xc 743

148

II.2.3. C cu truyn dn: C cau culit quay

ha nh trnh co ng ta c

4 5

ha nh trnh cha y kho ng

6

1 2

01

02

H. VII.18. S o chuyen ong c cau culit quay

C cau culit quay gom a bien (1) nhan truyen ong t hop toc , tren a bien co lap con trt (2). Khi a bien quay quanh tam O1 tay on (3) quay quanh tam O2 vi van toc goc khong eu. au kia cua tay on (3) lap khp ong vi thanh keo (4) e di ong ban trt cua dao xoc. Muon thay oi hanh trnh cua ban trt dao xoc, ta dung vitme (5) e di ong ai oc (6) trong ranh cua tay on (3)

149

III. MAY CHUOT

III.1. Cng dng v phn loi III.1.1.Cng dng
My chut c s dng trong sn xut hang lot ln v hng khi, My dung e gia cng chnh xc l c dng prphin bt k, chut rnh trong, bnh rng trong, l then hoaNgoi ra ang pht trin chut mt phng, mt nh hnh v rnh bn ngoi. Chut c nng sut v chnh xc cao. May chuot la may co chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong thang do dao thc hien. Dao chuot co dang nh mot thanh kim loai co cac li cat phan bo eu tren mot mat hoac tren toan bo chu vi cua thanh. Hnh dang cua dao chuot:

Phan keo

Chuot lo tru

Phn hiu chnh Phn dn hng Phn ct th

Chuot ranh

H. VII.19. Nguyen ly va chuyen on dao chuot

150

- Gia cong lo.

- Cat ranh.

- Gia cong cac mat phang.

- Gia cong banh rang va thanh rang co modul nho.

H. VII.20. Cac danh chi tiet chuot

151

H. VII.21. Cac dang chi tiet chuot

III.1.2. Phan loai : gom hai loai

May chuot ng. May chuot ngang.

Chi tit Dao chut Dao chut

Chi tit
H. VII.22. May chuot ngang

B my

152

H thng thy lc

Chi tit B my

Dao

H. VII.23. S o may chuot ng

III.2.MY CHUT
III.2.1.Tnh nng k thut
- Lc chuot ln nhat : 300 400 kN (may trung bnh), 1200 kN (c may nang). - Chieu dai ln nhat cua hanh trnh dao chuot : 350 2000 mm.
Bc h
Vung cha phoi

may chuot khong co c cau chay dao. Cac li dao ke tiep nhau co kch thc ln dan a thc hien lng chay dao.

H. VII.24. Lng chay dao tren dao chuot

153

III.2.2..My chut ng
+My chut ng gia cng mt ngoi Chuyen ong cua dao c xac nh nh cac vau ieu chnh lap tren than may. Nguyn l lm vic : Chi tiet gia cong cung ban may tien en gan dao, va trong chu ky lam viec dao chuot di ong t tren xuong. Khi ket thuc qua trnh gia cong phoi cung ban may ri khoi dao va dao di ong len pha tren.

H. VII.25. May chuot ng

154

1 Than may; 2 ong c; 3 Ong dan nc; 4 Chan may ; 5 Be may; 6 Ban trt; 7 Ban may lap phoi; 8 Bo phan lam mat; 9 Truc chnh; 10 Bo phan trt
May chuot gia cong mat trong co cau truc : ban may co lo e dao chuot i qua, au kep dao di ban may. Nguyn l lm vic : Khi bat au gia cong, dao chuot v tr tren cung. Sau khi lap phoi vao o ga tren ban may, can dao c a qua lo cua chi tiet gia cong va c t ong kep chat. Dao chuot se di ong xuong pha di thc hien qua trnh cat got III.2.3.My chut ngang: Hnh dang ben ngoai

H. VII.26. May chuot ngang

1 Truc chnh 3 Be dao 5 Ma kep ph

2 Bo phan lam mat dao chuot 4 Vo may 6 Than may

155

May chuot ngang lam viec vi dao chuot dai hoac ngan vi phng phap nen hoac keo. Chu yeu gia cong mat trong, v vay chi tiet gia cong phai co lo xuyen suot e dao chuot i qua. Nguyen ly lam viec cua may chuot ngang tng t nh may chuot ng gia cong mat trong.

156

MY T NG

- 2006 -

156

AI CNG

VE MAY T ONG

157

CHNG VIII

AI CNG VE MAY T ONG

I. Khai Niem I.1. Vai tro:
Cong cu san xuat luon c cai tien, thay oi dan t tho s n gian len cong cu c kh hoa, cong cu t ong hoa. Cach mang ve cong cu san xuat gan lien vi cac cuoc cach mang khoa hoc ky thuat, cuoc cach mang khoa hoc ky thuat lan I vi noi dung chu yeu la c kh hoa, bat au vao the ky 18. Cuoc cach mang khoa hoc ky thuat lan II bat au vao au the ky-21 vi noi dung la t ong hoa va linh hoat hoa cac qua trnh san xuat, khoa hoc ky thuat a at en trnh o cao.

H. VIII.1. May tien t ong ieu khien bang cam

158

I.2. T ong hoa la g: ?

C kh hoa la thay the sc lc cua con ngi bang may moc e thc hien nhanh, nhng cong viec tinh vi, phc tap, nang nhoc. T ong hoa la kha nang c kh hoa trnh o cao may moc thc hien nhanh chong cac qua trnh san xuat ma khong can s ieu khien trc tiep cua con ngi. - Hieu qua lao ong cua may t ong hoa: - Cong suat ln, lam viec lien tuc 24/ 24. - Toc o cao, giam c thi gian gia cong. - Thay the con ngi lam nhng cong viec nang nhoc, oc hai . - Ngi cong nhan co the theo doi nhieu may cung mot luc. - May moc t ong a thay the con ngi e ieu khien cac qua trnh san xuat, phc tap tinh vi, vi nang suat cao va chat lng tot nh: NC, CNC, FMS ( flexible manufacturing system), - Thay the con ngi nhng ieu kien lam viec nang nhoc, oc hai nguy hiem, giam thi gian lao ong va co the lam viec lien tuc.

II . Ly thuyet ve nang suat cua may t ong:

- Thi gian gia cong mot san pham, hay thi gian 1 chu ky gia cong - K hieu: T, tnh theo cong thc sau: T c= tlv + tck (Phut) ay: tlv - thi gian lam vie Tck- thi gian chay khong, gom thi gian tien vao, lui ra ong m cac c cau may. Nang suat cua may t ong Q: la so san pham may lam ra trong mot n v thi gian. (Chiec / Phut) 1 1 Q= = T tlv + t ck Neu t ck = 0, th nang suat bang: 1 Q= = K (1.2) Tlv - K: goi la nang suat cong nghe cua may, no tng trng cho nang suat cua mot chiec may l tng t ong cat got lien tuc, khong co hanh trnh chay khong. 1 Thay tr so: Tlv = , t cong thc (1.2) vao cong thc (1.1), ta co: K 1 1 (1.3) Q= = K. = K . 1 + K .t ck 1 + K .t ck 159 ong. Noi dung chu yeu: la giam thi gian chay khong e tang nang suat lao

Trong o; : goi la he so nang suat cua may, , no xac nh mc o s dung may co hieu qua. 1 = 1 + K.t ck Q 1 1 t - Chu y: t (1.3) ta co: = = : = lv T T tn T tlv : oi khi con goi la mc o gia colv g lien tuc cua qua trnh cong T nghe gia tr cua no trung vi he so nang suat cua may t ong. V du: Trong mot chu k gia cong tlv = 0.4 phut; tck = 0.8 phut, nh vay nang 1 suat cong nghe K= = 2.5 (chiec / phut) va he so nang suat: 0.4 1 = 0.33 = 1 + 2,5.0,8 -Tc thi gian co ch cua may ch chiem 33% cua chu k gia cong. -Theo cong thc (1.3) th nang suat cua may Q phu thuoc vao nang suat cong nghe K va he so nang suat . Muon tang Q lien tuc thi phai ong thi tang K va , tc giam ong thi, thi gian lam viec(tlv) va thi gian chay khong (tck). Neu ch co mot trong hai thanh phan nay giam th gia tr Q se tien en mot gia tr gii han nhat nh. Co hai trng hp nang suat tien en mot gia tr gii han: K ( chiec/ phut) Qmax = Lim =K t ck 0 1 + K .t ck 1 K ( chiec/ phut) = Qmax = Lim lck K 1 + K .lck
tlv0

H. VIII.2. Do th nang suat

+ ng 1 ( hnh 1.3) ch rang Q = K ( nang suat l tng), neu Tck = 0. + Nhng v Tck 0 nen co ng cong nang suat thc te 2. trong trng hp nay du 1 co tang K ti au th nang suat Q van tien en gii han ,ch khong tang t le Tck 1 vi K, v khi K tang th tr so: = lai giam. 1 + K.tck

160

Cac ng cong tren (hnh 1.4) cho thay moi quan he gia K va . V du: Gia cong chi tiet co: L =100 mm, S = 0,1 ( mm/ vong), Tck = 1 ( phut), ( a dung cu vao va ra, o, kiem tra,) So vong quay truc chnh: ntc = 1000 (vong / phut). L 100 Vay so vong quay can thiet e gia cong phoi: n = = = 1000 (vong) S 0.1 Nang suat cua may: Q = k. (chiec / phut) n 1 Nang suat cong nghe K: K = = tc = 1 (chiec/ phut) Tlv n 1 1 = = 0.5 He so nang suat : = 1 + K .t ck 1 + 1.1 Nang suat cua may: Q = k. =1.0,5 = 0,5 (chiec /phut) Gia s co the nang k = 50 ( chiec / phut) luc o he so nang suat va nang suat cua may Q = K. = 50.0,02 = 1 (chiec /phut)
1 0.02 1 + 50 .1 e tang nang suat len 50 lan can nhng ph ton ve ky thuat rat ln, nhng nang suat thc te ch tang 2 lan. Ket luan: muon tang nang suat Q cua may ong thi vi viec giam thi gian lam viec, e tang nang suat cong nghe K, phai giam thi gian chay khong (Tck). Lch s phat trien cua mat t ong co the bieu dien bang o th di ay, Sau khi che tao loai may au tien ngi san xuat co tan dung kha nang cua chung bang cach tang cng o gia cong ( tang K), - Nhng en mot luc nao o K tang ma Q se khong tang, e co nang suat cao hn na can co mot loai may mi vi thi gian chay khong be hn hoac vi qui trnh cong nghe mi tot hn va nh the cac may H. VIII.4. Gian o phat trien nang mi dan dan xuat hien, cac ng cong nang suat cao dansuat may t ong

H. VIII.3. o th he so nang suat

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Nang suat tang eu tren moi ng cong la do tang K hay giam thi gian lam viec ( Tlv). Nang suat nhay vot t ng cong nay len ng cong kia oi khi la nh co qui trnh cong nghe mi, Tlv va Tck eu giam, nhng chu yeu la giam thi gian chay khong Nen noi dung chu yeu cua t ong hoa la giam thi gian chay khong, giup tang nhanh nang suat lao ong. tren tnh ton that cua may cho tng chu k lam viec ( gia cong xong mot chi tiet) neu tnh cho mot thi gian dai th no cao hn, v neu thi gian dai se phat sinh ton that ngoai chu k, nh thay oi hay ieu chnh mot so dung cu a mon, sa cha hay ieu chnh lai cac c cau may, a loat phoi mi vao may, kiem tra san pham, ieu chnh may ., Cng o gia cong cang tang th ton that ngoai chu k cang ln. Trong trng hp nay ton that may tnh theo cong thc: 1 K Q= = Tlv + Tck + Ttt 1 + K t ph Ttt = ttt1+ ttt2+ ttt3+, la thi gian ton that ngoai chu k tnh cho mot san pham. tph = tck+ttt la tong so thi gian phu ( ton that trong va ngoai chu k). Trong thc te khi tnh en nang suat phai tnh en cac ton that trong va ngoai chu k.

III. Nhiem vu t ong e giam ton that va nang cao nang suat: III .1 . Ton that loai 1 va Nhiem vu t ong hoa chu ky.
Ton that loai 1: La ton that lien quan en chuyen ong chay khong, khong trung vi chu ky lam viec cua may, lap phoi, thao phoi, oi v tr cua phoi, cac c cau ong m vv e giam ton that ngi ta tm cach giam toi a thi gian chay khong xuong mc thap nhat, hoac bang khong oi vi dang san xat hang loat ln ngi ta dung may t ong nhieu truc e gia cong, phng phap nay co nang suat gap 22 lan so vi khi gia cong tren may van nang. v gia cong tren may nay toc o cat cao, thi gian gia cong va thi gian chay khong giam.

162

H. VIII.5. Cac phng phap cat trong chu ky gia cong

Hnh 1 va hnh 2: bieu dien phng phap gia cong tru ngoai theo 2 phng phap: Hnh 1: gia cong bang phng phap cat th L1,L2,L3m Phng phap nay giam c thi gian chay khong cho tng chu ky. Hnh 2: gia cong tng lp mong L1,L2,L3. Phng phap nay tieu ton nhieu thi gian chay khong, dao cat mau mon. Hnh 3 va hnh 4: bieu dien phng phap khoan lo Hnh 3: khoan lo at kch thc L1 trc, sau o khoan lo kch thc L2, phng phap nay giam c rat nhieu thi gian chay khong, thng c ap dung trong trng hp vat lieu cng kho gia cong, nhng am bao phoi phai cng vng khi khoan, gi c tuoi tho cua mui khoan c lau hn. Hnh 4: cach nay thng c ap dung e gia cong vat lieu mem, ton thi gian chay khong khoang L2

III .2. Ton that loai 2 va Nhiem vu t ong hoa thay the ieu chnh dung cu.

La loai ton that lien lien quan en viec giao nhan mai sa, lap at,ieu chnh dung cu gia cong. e khac phuc va giam loai ton that nay can phai: Chon vat lieu lam dao tot e tang tuoi tho cua dao cat, giam thi gian ieu chnh dung cat. Ngay nay ton that loai II van con tren may t ong,nhng c hien ai hoa va linh hoat hoa hn, vi s ra i cua may ieu khien theo chng trnh so, tren may bo tr 1 o dao quay c, thay dao nh vao he thong ieu khien thuy lc hoac kh nen, nhanh va an toan. Ngi cong nhan co the ieu chnh, lap ghep dao san ben ngoai, sau o lap vao o dao e may t ong thay dao. Ngoai ra e giam ton that ngi ta con s dung cac c cau ac biet trong gia dao, o ga hay tren ban may e ieu chnh dung cu chnh xac va nhanh chongvv..

163

Cac loai dao cat thong dung:

Kieu1

Kieu 2:
H. VIII.6. cac loai dao ga lap nhanh

Kieu 1: la kieu lap dao a dung, de dang thay oi kieu bang cach thay oi manh hp kim cng, khi chuyen sang mot cong oan khac (1)than dao,(2) chot lap bo phan cat,(3)bo phan cat (mieng hp kim c gan len no) (4) lo vat; (5) vt ep ( co nh bo phan cat);(6) tiet dien vuong chong xoay. Khi lam viec ch xoay bo phan cat en v tr can thiet va xiet vt(5) lai Kieu 2: ay la kieu thong dung c dung pho bien. Co ket cau n gian nhng van bao am o tin cay cao. (1)than dao, (2) mat nh chuan (2) va (3), 4) mieng cat (bang hp kim), (5) ong kep co ren e van vt (10) ong thi trong ong co 3 ranh tao vi nhau 1 goc 90o, v tr khi lam viec cac goc nay quay ve pha mat (2), (12) mieng em,gia mieng cat (4) va mat chuan (3), vt (10) co au con (11). Khi van vt 10 th cac canh 8 se b van trc canh 9 va ep mieng cat 4 vao mat nh chuan 2, neu tiep tuc van vt 10, canh 9, se ep mieng cat xuong mat nh chuan 3. Mieng em 12) la e am bao cho mat nh chuan 3 cua dao khong b h khi mieng cat (4) b gay.

III .3. Ton that loai 3 va nhiem vu nang cao o tin cay cua cac he thong t ong:
La ton that lien quan en o tin cay cua he thong, bao gom viec thay oi sa cha va ieu chnh cac c cau cua may May t ong la may rat phc tap, nhieu bo phan c kh nhanh chong b mai mon, nen phai thc hien tot cong tac bao tr va sa cha may: + Boi trn thng xuyen cho may.

164

+ Chuan b san cac c cau mau mon e kp thi thay the. + Che tao vat lieu, nhiet luyen tot, c cau ieu khien hp l chnh xac, e giam mai mon. + nh ky kiem tra cho may va thc hien tot cac thiet b t ong. V Du: Cac c cau cam phai de ieu chnh va nhe nhan,may chay em khong b rung. Ngay nay tren cac may t ong e truyen ong em va giam masat ngi ta dung vt me bi e ieu khien cac c cau,nham lam tang kha nang lam viec va nang suat cua may.

H. VIII.6. Cac loai ai oc bi

III. 4 . Ton that loai 4 va nhiem vu t ong hoa khau to chc:

La khau lien quan en to chc san xuat, bao gom viec phan phoi, don phoi, thu thanh pham, oi ca va ieu chnh cong viec e giam ton that phai t ong hoa khau to chc , t ong hoa khau tiep lieu,ga at phoi T ong hoa khau don phoi, v du: tren may t ong co cac c cau gat phoi, qua he thong ti nguoi va a phoi ra ngoai, hoac dung c cau thu hoi phoi bang nam cham, e hut phoi va a phoi ra ngoai. V Du: Cac c cau don phoi trong qua trnh gia cong c kh c trnh bay trong hnh di ay: Cac c cau don phoi, a phoi ra ngoai bang truc xoan hoac bang bang tai .,thng c ap dung trong cac may t ong.

165

H. VIII.7. Cac c cau don phoi

Dung may tnh ien t trong viec thiet ke va tnh toan, am bao ke hoach san xuat kp tien o. ng dung cac bien phap ky thuat hien ai trong cac xng san xuat, dung may moc thay the dan sc lao ong cua con ngi. Neu thi gian lam viec cua may ln hn nhieu so vt thi gian ban ron cua ngi cong nhan th ngi cong nhan co the ng c nhieu may hn. - Goi Q: nang suat cua may + tbr: tong thi gian ban ron + T: thi gian gia cong mot chi tiet Ta co he so ban ron: t = br = Q. t br ; Q = 1 / T T Goi so may la: Z 1 T Z= = t br V du: Q = 5 (chi tiet / phut), tbr = 0.1 (phut / 1 chi tiet) = 5. 0,1 = 0.5 Z = 1/ 0,5 = 2 (may), vay trong trng hp nay ngi cong nhan co the ng 2 may. Ngay nay e tang nang suat tren may t ong, ngi ta cap them cac pheu cap phoi t ong ( oi vi phoi ri), hoac ong kep an hoi t ong ieu khien bang kh nen hoac thuy lc ( dang phoi thanh), ngi cong nhan co nhiem vu theo doi s hoat ong cua may va kiem tra chat lng san pham.

III.5. Ton that loai 5 va nhiem vu kiem tra t ong chat lng san pham:
La loai ton that lien quan en chat lng cua san pham: Do viec gia cong th, ieu chnh may, phoi h hong trong qua trnh bao quan, van chuyen . ieu chnh va xac nh sai so cua may chon 1) ieu chnh:

166

ieu chnh may chon ay la ieu chnh au o va v tr cac tiep iem sau cho tng ng vi cac thc mau ( hoac chi tiet mau) so lng cac thc mau do so nhom chi tiet quyet nh, moi nhom co hai kch thc gii han. - ieu chnh co the la ieu chnh, tnh hoac ieu chnh ong: ieu chnh tnh la bat buoc va c tien hanh luc may khong lam viec, dung can mau hoac chi tiet mau e ieu chnh khoang cach gia cac au o gia cac te bao quang ien hoac ieu chnh cac tiep iem ien. Cam bien co the c ieu chnh xong mi lap vao may. ieu chnh ong: c tien hanh trong trang thai lam viec cua may. Dung chi tiet mau a vao may e may chon nhieu lan xem cac v tr may can ieu chnh a chnh xac cha. Xac nh so lan chon nham va tien hanh ieu chnh ve 1 pha nao o. 2.Xac nh sai so cua may chon: Sai so cua may chon do nhieu yeu to gay nen. trong o ang ke la sai so cua bo phan o va cac sai so ve nh v, sai so cua cac nhan to tac ong.v.v.. V vay viec tnh toan cac sai so n le khong chnh xac bang khao sat thc te cua ket qua chia nhom. khao sat nen tien hanh vi tng gi han chia nhom. Cac phng phap khao sat, xac suat chia nhom sai: Gia thuyet co mot chi tiet mau, kch thc cua no phan bo eu trong mien nao o, mien o c vach ra vi hai gii han trai va phai nh hnh ve:

H. VIII.8. o th phan bo mien dung sai

Sau khi at hai gii han ay vao may, ta cho nhom mau qua no chon, ket qua chon co the la: mot so mau b chon nham sang nhom hai ben. nguyen nhan la do may co phan tan kch thc, neu biet c xac suat chon nham P Xet chi tiet mau nam cach gii han trai 1 khoang X, sai so chon nham vi xac suat S, ta co:

S=

1 2

x2

2 2

.dx =

1 1 x ( z) = ( ) 2 2

Trong o la ham laplace: oi vi ca nhom mau, xac suat b chon nham sang nhom trai la:
1 x dx P = . . 2 0

167

Trong o: la dung sai cua nhom mau. khai trien phep tnh ta co:

1 1 1 x x 2 2 2 P = [ ( )]. + . x.e 2 .dx = ( ) + (1 e 2. 2 e 1 2 2 2 . . 0 2 .

2

x2

x2

khi >3 th (/)1/2 va v vay: Ta c: Biet dung sai cua nhom mau tien hanh th nghiem nhieu lan e xac nh P va tnh .

Nhan xet: Phng phap tm xac suat chon lam ch co ngha trong viec khao sat may chon at biet la ch tieu o chnh xac . Cha xac nh c sai so ieu chnh x. Phng phap xac nh sai so cua may bang hai chi tiet mau:

= 2 .P. 2,5.P. P= 0,4 2 .

- Chon lay chi tiet mau co kch thc la x1 va x2 nam gan gii han chia nhom Xo a hai chi tiet qua hai may chon m1 va m2 lan, gia thuyet chi tiet c chon sang nhom m1 vi so lan tng ng la n1 va n2 ta co xac suat chon: 1 x x0 n1 1 x x0 n2 P1 = 1 P2 = 1 2 m1 2 m2 Da vao ham laplace tra c: x1 x0 x 2 x0 1 n 1 n G( 1 ) G( 2 ) 2 m1 2 m2 Trong o G: la ham ngc cua ham laplace :ta tm c va Xo.
=
x1 x 2 1 n 1 n G( 2 ) G( 1 ) 2 m2 2 m1
1 n 1 n x1 .G ( 2 ) x 2 .G ( 1 ) 2 m2 2 m1 Xo = 1 n 1 n G( 2 ) G( 1 ) 2 m2 2 m1

H. VIII.9. Phong phap xac nh sai so qua o th

em so sanh xo nay vi gii han Xo can at vao may ta tm c sai so ieu chnh: X = X o xo Nhan xet: Phng phap nay ton t chi tiet mau, chon c sai so hnh dang be, thong thng lay m1 = m2 >> 250, khi o coi P n/m.

168

e giam ton that can kiem tra e nang cao chat lng san pham. + May moc, o cng vng + Chat lng chi tiet gia cong. + Chat lng dung cu cat va ieu chnh dung cu cat. + Che tao cac loai o ga kiem tra va o ga gia cong chi tiet. +S dung cac loai may moc hien ai e am bao chat lng cua chi tiet giam bt sai so va thi gia gia cong. + S dung cac dung cu o kiem co o chnh xac cao, e kiem tra trc tiep trong qua trnh gia cong nh: calip o lo, ong ho va panme o lo va o tru ngoai . III

Ton that loai 4 la loai ton that lien quan en van e thay oi san pham gia cong, gom viec thay oi o ga, dung cu cat c cau ieu khien va chng trnh ieu khien v.v e giam c ton that loai nay, th cac c cau may phai c ieu chnh va c ga lap mot cach nhanh chong, khi can gia cong mot chi tiet mi, khac vi chi tiet ban au.. May ieu khien bang cam khong c ong va ton nhieu thi gian e ieu chnh may: V Du: khi thay oi chi tiet gia cong - Tren may ieu khien bang cam, phai thay oi cam va tien hanh gia cong o kiem, ieu chnh lai may nhieu lan. Ngay nay vi s xuat hien cua may ieu khien theo chng trnh so th viec ieu chnh may e gia cong chi tiet mi c nhanh hn, khi thay oi san pham ch can thay oi chng trnh hay cac thong so ieu khien cua chng trnh tren may. ay la hnh thc ieu khien cho phep ap dung t ong hoa vao trong san xuat, ap dung c cho cac dang san xuat n chiec va hang loat nho, rat co hieu qua. Giai quyet c cac van e ve ky that va em lai hieu qua kinh te cao V du: Gia cong c nhng bien dang phc tap, cho o bong va o chnh xac cao, giam thi gian phu va thi gian gia cong, em lai nang suat cao. Nhc iem: Ch gia cong c nhng chi tiet co kch thc gii han, khong gia cong c nhng chi tiet co chieu sau cat ln, va tieu ton rat nhieu thi gian. Do tnh c ong cua may nen thong thng may co o cng vng kem hn may van nang va thng c ap dung trong nguyen cong gia cong tinh va ban tinh.

.6) Ton that loai 6 va nhiem vu linh hoat hoa san xuat t ong.

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Ngoai ra e nang cao nang suat lao ong va o chnh xac gia cong ngi ta co the s dung cac c cau tay may cong nghiep e ga lap va van chuyen phoi thay the con ngi:

H. VIII.10. Tay may cong nghiep phuc vu san xuat

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IV . Quy trnh cong nghe va van e t ong hoa tren may t ong:
IV.2. Vai tro quy trnh cong nghe tren may t ong: Trc khi thiet ke mot cong cu bat k, nhat la thiet b phuc tap t ong, mot van e quan trong phai xac nh ro rang la thiet b ay lam nhiem vu g ?, lam nh the nao?, noi cach khac la qui trnh cong nghe gia cong san pham hay mot loai san pham tren thiet b sap thiet ke ra sau ? Cho nen giai oan au cua qua trnh thiet ke may t ong, ng day t ong la chon ung an quy trnh cong nghe e gia cong san pham. V quy trnh cong nghe co anh hng en nang suat, ket cau s o ong va nhieu yeu to khac cua may, so lng nguyen cong, tnh chat va th t thc hien chung se quyet nh viec chon va bo tr cac c cau chap hanh cua may. Quy trnh cong nghe bao gom cac bc bien oi dan t phoi lieu ra san pham e co hnh dang kch thc va o chnh xac cho trc. V du: Qua trnh gia cong cat got t ong t phoi thep ra oc vt, quy trnh dap t ong t phoi thep tam thanh nhng chi tiet hnh dang phc tap, quy trnh lap rap t ong mot c cau, mot loai vong bi,quy trnh cong nghe phai c chon tren c s thoa man ieu kien au tien la am bao san lng thanh pham quy nh cho moi n v thi gian. e co the tham gia tren may t ong can chia quy trnh cong nghe ra nhieu nguyen cong rieng biet va phoi bien oi hnh dang dan dan tr thanh chi tiet at chat lng mong muon. V Du: Quy trnh tien vo ngoai cua vo bi tren may tien t ong 4 truc chnh (H. VIII.11) -Phoi thep ong kep tren cac truc chnh, lan lc chuyen t v tr nay, sang v tr khac e tien hanh gia cong cac nguyen cong khoet trong va tien lo ngoai. - v tr 1: Tien nh hnh mat ngoai - V tr 2: Tien nh hnh mat trong va xen mat au - V tr 3: Vat canh va cat t Trong nguyen cong co chuyen ong lam viec va chuyen ong chay khong H. VIII.11. Qui trnh tren cac may t ong thng ap dung gia cong nhieu v tr va cong nghe gia cong moi v tr co nhieu dao hoat ong lien tuc . vo ngoai o bi Xu hng chung la lam the nao e cac chuyen ong chay khong trung vi mc toi a cac chuyen ong lam viec, oi khi kho phan biet ro rang hai chuyen ong ay moi v tr.

171

Tuy tren moi may co the tien hanh nhieu nguyen cong khac nhau nh: tien, phay, khoan,...nhng nguyen cong chu yeu vi khoi lng gia cong ln se nh ra nhiem vu va ten cua may, may tien van nang t ong, may tien chuyen dung t ong, may lap rap t ong, may kiem tra t ong, .. Nhieu trng hp tren mot may co nhieu nguyen cong khac nhau vi khoi lng gia cong nh nhau,th may khong mang ten mot nguyen cong nao ma lay ten san pham. V Du: May t ong gia cong nan hoa xe ap, may t ong lam kim bang,. Khi qui trnh cong nghe kha phc tap may gom nhieu bo phan a c tieu chuan hoa hay thong nhat hoa, th goi la may t ong to hp. Ve nguyen tac,bat k mot qui trnh cong nghe phc tap nao cung co the tien hanh tren cac thiet b t ong gom mot may hay mot he thong may . Trong thc te, tren moi may t ong, so lng nguyen cong b han che va th t thc hien cac nguyen cong rat chat che, cho nen tnh van nang cua may t ong noi chung la hep so vi may khong t ong. May t ong khong the gia cong c nhng chi tiet co hnh dang va kch thc khac nhau nhieu nh tren may tien ban t ong v tnh van nang hep cho nen e co the gia cong c tat ca cac loai chi tiet may. So lng va loai, so c may t ong ngay cang nhieu, trong moi loai,moi c co nhng may ch thc hien c mot nhiem vu nhat nh goi la may chuyen dung. Neu nhiem vu gia cong co the thay oi trong mot pham vi nao o th goi la may t ong van nang. cac may ieu khien bang chng trnh, mc o van nang c m rong hn nhieu. Trc khi thiet ke ben canh mat nh tnh cua qui trnh cong nghe, nh tnh chat cac nguyen cong, th t co the cua chung,can xac nh quy trnh cong nghe ve mat nh lng, nh kch thc toi a, toi thieu cua san pham, che o gia cong,vv. Nh vay quy trnh cong nghe la c s e thiet ke cac may va he thong may cong cu t ong. IV.2. Cac phng an cong nghe khac nhau tren may t ong: e gia cong mot san pham co the co nhieu phng an cong nghe khac nhau . V Du: Che tao bulong co the dung phng phap dap roi can ren, hay phng phap tien roi cat ren, moi mot phan cua quy trnh cong nghe co the co nhieu dang gia cong khac nhau

172

H. VIII.12. Mo hnh may can ren t ong

e gia cong mat phang co the bao, phay, mai, truot.trong pham vi mot dang gia cong co the co nhieu phng phap khac nhau, V du:e gia cong be mat hnh tru tren may tien t ong hay na t ong co hn 10 phng phap khac nhau. tren (hnh 2.2): Tien doc ( dao chuyen ong doc vi nhieu cach khac nhau) Tien doc ( phoi chuyen ong doc) Tien ngang dao rong li chuyen ong ngang Tien tiep tuyen ( dao chuyen ong tiep tuyen vi hnh tru). Tien dao mat au ( phoi hoac dao quay) Cac kieu tien nhieu dao Truot phang, Truot quay; Tien dao hnh chau Mot v du khac: e gia cong banh rang hnh tru rang thang co the co rat nhieu phng phap, H. VIII.13. Cac phng phap gia cong mat tru va moi mot phng phap can ket cau may khac nhau . Cat rang co the bang phng phap chep hnh hoac bao hnh tren a) Dao phay modun vi au phan o b) Dao bao nh hnh vi au phan o c) Dao phay lang rang d) Dao xoc banh rang: e) Dao thanh rang: f) Dao chuot thang nh hnh. g) Dao xoc nh hnh cung mot luc gia cong t nhieu pha 173

h) Dao xoc banh rang ln cung mot luc xoc bao hnh nhieu phoi; i) Dao truot ghep tron . j) Dao truot a k) Tien bang dao xoc rang nghieng dung nguyen ly kieu ca rang . Phng phap gia cong khac nhau oi hoi cac c cau may, s o ong bo tr cac bo phan cua may, phai khac nhau, H. VIII.14. Cac phng phap gia cong banh rang Nh cac chuyen ong cua phoi, cua dao ..trong moi trng hp khac nhau, oi khi ch khac nhau mot t ve phng phap se dan en s khac nhau quan trong ve ket cau may, V Du: Gia cong mat tru cung mot loai dao hep li vi chuyen ong doc do dao hoac do phoi thc hien ( hnh 2.2a va 2.2b) se co hai loai may t ong khac nhau ve nguyen ly: loai u truc chnh ng yen va loai u truc chnh di ong. Ngoai s khac nhau ve nh tnh cac phngg an khac nhau ve nh lng nh chieu dai chuyen ong, he o cat, cong suat cat, nang suat cat, o la nhng c s xuat phat quan trong e thiet ke may t ong. Khi phan tch chon phng an can chu y en nhu cau rieng biet cua san pham gia cong, nh chi tiet khong cng vng, o chnh xac,., Noi chung,la phai chon phng an nao e may se thiet ke am bao chat lng gia cong, at nang suat cao,de che tao va co kinh te hn. IV.3. Chon phng an cong nghe tien tien nhat e t ong hoa: Khi c kh hoa va t ong hoa phai da vao c s khoa hoc cua cac mon c ly thuyet, nguyen ly may, ky thuat ieu khien, da vao nhng thanh tu trong lnh vc cac phan t t ong, cac c cau t ong, ly thuyet cau tao may t ong,vv. Chon qui trnh cong nghe e thiet ke phng tien t ong la loai lao ong co sang tao,biet ap dung nhng thanh tu mi me nhat thuoc cac lnh vc khoa hoc ky thuat khac nhau vao ieu kien cu the cua mnh . Khoa hoc ky thuat phat trien rat nhanh chong, bat ky mot quy trnh cong nghe tien tien nao sau mot thi gian cung tr thanh lac hau V the moi khi nh thiet ke che tao may t ong mi can nghien cu, tm chon qui trnh cong nghe tien tien nhat, neu khong nh vay th khong the nang cao nang suat chat lng gia cong va hieu qua kinh te trong san xuat t ong. +V du: Phng phap dap nguoi au bulong t thep tron ra hnh sau canh, cat ba via va sau o cat ren cho nang suat cao hn 10 lan, lng kim loai thay ra

174

giam t 10 lan en 20 lan so vi qui trnh cong nghe che tao bulong bang phng phap cat got t phoi thanh hnh sau canh. Do o khi gia cong hang loat ln, hang khoi bulong hnh dang n gian, ro rang la phai thiet ke may t ong dap nguoi va can ren ch khong s dung phng an may tien t ong. Khi gia cong tren may t ong co the gia cong nhieu be mat cung mot luc. Phng phap nay at nang suat cao, tiet kiem vat lieu nhieu hn cac dao ghep va ieu chnh chnh xac thanh tng bo khi dung cu mon va c thay the ca bo. Khi chuyen giao quy trnh cong nghe mi oi hoi phai giai quyet nhieu van e mi ve tnh toan, thiet ke, che tao, s dung thiet b . IV.4. Ap dung nguyen tac trung nguyen cong tren may t ong: * Muc ch: giam thi gian lam viec va thi gian chay khong nham tang nang suat lao ong. e gia cong mot san pham trong ieu kien ky thuat hien co, moi mot phng an se co nang suat cong nghe K va he so nang suat tng ng,muon tang nang suat, phai ong thi tang K va tc phai giam thi gian lam viec Tlv va thi gian chay khong Tck . Thng ngi ta giam toi a thi gian chay khong Tck en mc thap nhat . e tiep tuc giam thi gian chay khong can ap dung nguyen tac trung nguyen cong the hien di hai phng phap c ban: 1. Trung theo thi gian nhng chuyen ong chay khong vi nhau + Hai dao cung cat va ra cung mot luc 2. Trung theo thi gian nhng chuyen ong chay khong vi thi gian lam viec + Dao 1 lui ra, dao 2 tien vao, hai hanh trnh nay dien ra cung mot luc . - Giam thi gian chay khong la phng phap tang nang suat hieu qua nhat Lu y: Van e nay khi lap quy trnh cong nghe va thiet ke may: - Thiet ke phai lap nhieu phng an, phan chia bo tr cac chuyen ong nh the nao la hp ly nhat at ket qua cao trong ieu kien co the. - Thi gian lam viec phu thuoc khoi lng gia cong va co gii han nhat nh, khong the giam en tr so khong c, tuy nhien nguyen tac trung nguyen cong co the giam thi gian lam viec vi hai phng phap trung nguyen cong c ban sau:

175

1.Gia cong ong thi nhieu dao moi v tr

H. VIII.15. Gia cong nhieu dao moi v tr

2. Gia cong ong thi nhieu v tr moi may:

IV.4. 1 . Gia cong nhieu dao:

H. VIII.16. Gia cong ong thi nhieu v tr moi may

H. VIII.17.Hnh gia cong nhieu dao

+ Muc ch chu yeu cua phng phap nay la lam trung nhng nguyen cong lam viec vi nhau,e rut ngan thi gian lam viec Tlv. +

176

Noi dung cua no la s dung mot luc nhieu dao e gia cong mot san pham moi v tr gia cong, s dung dao to hp dao nh hnh,cung la mot hnh thc gia cong nhieu dao. Hai trng hp gia cong nhieu dao: 1. Rut ngan chieu dai di ong cua ban may bang cach chia chieu dai ay ra nhieu phan gia cong 2) Gia cong nhieu dao nhng phan khac nhau cua chi tiet (hnh 2.4). + Can c vao hai trng hp tren ngi ta a che tao rat nhieu may na t ong va t ong gia cong nhieu dao, oi khi mot v tr gia cong co ong thi hn 10 nguyen cong khac nhau: tien ngoai, tien trong, khoet lo vat canh, cat ranh,vv. + Cang tang nhieu dao nang suat cang tang gap boi, nhng at nhieu dao can rat nhieu ban may to va cng vng hn khong gian gia cong hep, thng khong u khoang cach e at nhieu dao, va kho lay phoi ra. + V vay tuy trng hp cu the ma xac nh so dao moi v tr cho thch hp. IV.4.2. Gia cong nhieu v tr:

H. VIII.18. Hnh gia cong nhieu dao tren nhieu v tr moi may

H. VIII.18 . May nhieu truc chnh, gia cong nhieu v tr

+ Nhieu luc khong the tang nang suat bang cach gia cong nhieu dao, V du: Nguyen cong 2 ch co the thc hien sau khi a hoan thanh nguyen cong 1, gia cong tinh sau khi a gia cong tho, chi tiet khong u cng vng e gia cong nhieu dao,khong u cho e gia cong nhieu dao,.. trong nhng trng hp o phai gia cong nhieu v tr tai nhieu truc chnh nam tren 1 may. + Co 3 trng hp gia cong nhieu v tr: gia cong noi tiep, gia cong song song, gia cong song song - noi tiep:

IV.2. 1 .Gia cong noi tiep:

Dung trong trng hp gia cong chi tiet phc tap, can nhieu dao khac nhau, phai chia nhiem vu gia cong ra tng nhom nguyen cong co thi gian c ban nh nhau, at nhng nhom nguyen cong nhng v tr khac nhau, tien 177

H. VIII.19. Gia cong noi tiep

hanh gia cong cung mot luc cac v tr, so chi tiet gia cong bang so v tr . Ban thanh pham lan lc c gia cong t v tr nay sang v tr khac bang nhng dung cu khac nhau . Tren (H. VIII.19.) phoi vao v tr 1 cua ban may, phoi lan lt qua cac v tr gia cong 1,2,3..,va v tr cuoi cung q ra thanh pham. Trong trng hp nay thi gian lam viec va thi gian chay khong trung nhau, nh a dao vao, lui dao ra chuyen phoi ban thanh pham t v tr nay en v tr khac eu cung lam mot luc, thi gian cap phoi trung vi thi gian lam viec. IV.2. 2. Gia cong song song Ap dung khi nhiem vu gia cong n gian, khong can thiet phai chia quy trnh ra nhieu nguyen cong, nhng nguyen cong nh nhau c thc hien ong thi nhieu v tr khac nhau nh: a phoi vao gia cong, lay phoi ra (hnh May e gia cong song song thc chat la may gom nhng c cau chap hanh nh nhau ghep chung lai, thi gian cap phoi trung vi thi gian H. VIII.20. Gia cong song song gia cong. Nen dung loai may nay co li khi thi gian cap phoi chiem t le rat t so vi thi gian lam viec. Khi thi gian cap phoi chiem t le ln, nen lam trung thi gian cap phoi vi thi gian lam viec, ngha la dung nguyen tac gia cong noi tiep tot hn . IV.2. 3. Gia cong song song- noi tiep ay la s phoi hp hnh thc, tren may se gia cong (p) loat chi tiet song song nhau,trong moi loat co (q) v tr noi tiep loai trung nguyen cong nay se cho nang suat cao hn na.
H. VIII.21. Gia cong va song song va noi tiep

178

V Du: Tren may tien t ong sau truc chnh, 6 v tr co the co 4 phng an gia cong (hnh 2.8). Mot van e c ban la chon so v tr gia cong, neu chon cang nhieu dao va can nhieu v tr gia cong, th nang suat cong nghe K cang tang nhng nang suat cua may se giam do ton that ngoai chu k cang ln . Neu chon t dao, t v tr th nang suat se giam v the phai chon so v tr hp ly e co nang suat cao nhat. Bang phng phap giai tch ta co the rut ra cong thc ve s phu thuoc gia nang suat Q vi v tr gia cong song song (q) va gia cong noi tiep (p) cua may d kien thiet ke. Tren(H. VIII.21) bieu dien s lien he ay trong mot trng hp gia cong song song- noi tiep. Can c vao o th ma chon so v tr hp ly e co nang suat cao nhat, so v tr t qua, nang suat thap. Neu ton that nhieu th ton that trong va ngoai chu ky ln dan en nang suat cang giam, cho nen muon tang v tr ma nang suat cung tang th phai tm cach giam nhng ton that . V. Phoi lieu dung trong may t ong: Khi chon qui trnh cong nghe e thiet ke gia cong tren may t ong, phai chon phoi lieu gia cong phuc vu cho quy trnh cong nghe ay. Dang phoi lieu co anh hng rat ln H. VIII.21 en quy trnh cong nghe va ket cau cua may v nhieu c cau quan trong cua may t ong, nh c cau tiep lieu hay cap phoi, c cau van chuyen ban thanh pham phu thuoc rat nhieu vao dang phoi lieu. V du: e gia cong nhng chi tiet nho, neu dung thep cuon th truc chnh kep phoi cua may khong quay, dung cu quay . Neu dung thep thanh th truc chnh quay, dung cu co the khong quay, neu dung thep ong th khong can nguyen cong khoan trong.

179

H. VIII.22. Phoi lieu tren may t ong

Tren ( H. VIII.22) gii thieu cac dang phoi lieu dung trong may t ong va na t ong . Cac dang cap phoi theo dang phoi: V.1 . Cap phoi thep cuon: Phoi di dang thep si, thep la rong hay hep, cuon tron trong qua trnh gia cong cuon phoi thao t t, phoi thng c qua c cau nan thang trc khi en v tr gia cong, khi het cuon thay cuon phoi khac bang tay sau o qua trnh t ong tiep tuc. V du: Cap phoi thep cuon cho may t ong cuon lo xo gia cong nan hoa xe ap, inh vt nho .,..

H. VIII.23. He thong cap phoi cuon

V.2 . Cap Phoi Thep Thanh 180

Phoi di dang thep thanh thang co tiet dien khac nhau thng dai t 1 6 met, t ong tien en v tr gia cong theo tng suat, thep tam, thep la thang cung thuoc loai nay ( thng dung tren cac may dap t ong ket hp vi mot so nguyen cong khac), phoi thep thanh tng oi ngan, mau het so vi thep cuon, va thng phai ngng may tiep phoi bang tay .

H. VIII.24. He thong cap phoi thanh

V du: Cap phoi thep thanh cho may t ong nhieu truc chnh . V.3 . Cap phoi t pheu: Phoi di dang tng chi tiet, nam lon xon trong pheu, sau o t nh hng va lan lt tien en v tr gia cong, co c cau t ong chuyen dung am nhiem viec nh hng cac chi tiet va cap phoi cho may, khi phoi het can o loat phoi mi vao pheu. Cap phoi t pheu rat tien li khi gia cong hang loat, hang khoi cac chi tiet nho, nhe, tng oi n gian de t nh hng, s dung nhieu cho cac may t ong gia cong cac loai mat hang tieu chuan nh oc, vt, V.4 . Cap phoi t o: - Phoi di dang tng chi tiet, khong nam lo xon trong pheu, ma nam mot cach co trat t, co nh hng trong o, t o t ong lan lt en cac v tr gia cong, loai chi tiet nay kho t ong nh hng, nen cong nhan phai xep tung chi tiet vao o, trong mot so trng hp chu yeu la trong cac ng day t ong, co mot so c cau chuyen dung, t ong nh hng cac chi tiet trc khi a chung vao o. V Du: Cap phoi t o cho cac may t ong gia cong mot so chi tiet dang hnh tru 1.C cau tr phoi 2.C cau tach phoi 3.C cau nap phoi 4.C cau ay phoi vao truc chnh 5. C cau kep phoi 6.C cau ay phoi ra H. VIII.25. He thong cap phoi t ong 181

8. C cau bao het phoi 5.Cap phoi bang tay: Phoi di dang tng chi tiet, cong nhan lan lt a vao v tr gia cong, s dung trong trng hp chi tiet tng oi nang va co hnh dang phc tap, V du: cac loai vo hop, cac loai van,..cac loai san pham nay thng gia cong tren cac may na t ong, trng hp cac chi tiet qua nang thng s dung cac c cau nang ha e giam nhe sc lao ong cua cong nhan . Tom lai: khi chon loai cap phoi nen xet en hai yeu to chnh, kch thc va hnh dang ben ngoai cua chi tiet, chi tiet cang ln cang nang, cang phc tap th cang kho cap phoi t ong . Hng chung la tao c phoi theo y muon sao cho qua trnh san xuat ke ca viec che tao may t ong dung phoi ay at hieu qua kinh te cao nhat, nang suat cua may phu thuoc vao phoi lieu. Vat lieu gia cong tren may t ong: chu yeu la thep t ong, thep ket cau, kim loai mau va kim loai ac biet th t hn . So lieu ve t le vat lieu gia cong: + Thep t ong: 10 30 % + Thep ket cau: 20 50 % + Thep hp kim: 10 20 % + ong: 15 25% +Nhom: 3 5% + Vat lieu phi kim loai: 1 5%

VI . Che o cat hp ly tren may t ong:

VI .1 . Che o cat hp ly: Sau khi chon qui trnh cong nghe, phng phap gia cong va dung cu can xac nh che o cat e am bao chat lng gia cong nang suat cao va kinh te nhat . Tuoi tho cua dao phu thuoc vao toc o cat, lng chay dao va chieu sau cat Chieu sau cat T, ai lng cho san, do lng d cat got quyet nh, trong ieu kien san xuat hang loat tren may t ong lng d cat got phai c tnh toan ky . Lng chay dao S thay oi trong mot pham vi hep, S qua ln chat lng be mat gia cong khong tot, S be th nang suat thap . Toc o cat V, thay oi trong pham vi rong va anh hng en nang suat, toc o be nang suat thap. Toc o cao, tuoi tho dao giam, do o nang suat giam. Vi lng chay dao va chieu sau cat a biet chon toc o V, e at nang suat cao nhat. o la van e rat quan trong, co anh hng en viec thiet ke che tao va s dung may t ong co hieu qua nhat. Tren may t ong cang t dao cang de gia cong. 182

V.2 . Che o cat co nang suat toi a: Trong thc te san xuat ngi ta chon toc o cat Vo da vao cac so lieu thc nghiem san co tren may t ong, nhng trong ieu kien gia cong cu the Vo cha chac a cho nang suat toi a . Co the tnh toan e at toc o Qmax, khi cat vi toc o V, luc o he so thay oi toc o se la:

: co the ln hn, bang hay nho hn 1 bang cach tnh toan lap phng trnh va giai phng trnh bat cao ta co ket qua nh sau:

Q=

K0 1 + .K 0 .t ck + K 0 . Ci ..mtb
1 n

T ieu kien:

Q = 0 , ta co:

Qmax =
mtb

1 K 0 (mtb 1). C i
1 n

(2.3)

Qmax =

K0
n mtb m tb K ( m K 0 .t ck + 0 tb 1). C i (2.4) mtb 1 1

VQ max = v0 .Q max
- Ko: Nang suat cong nghe cua may vi toc o cat vo - Tck: Thi gian chay khong trong chu ky gia cong t ong - Ci: He so lien quan en dung cu cat. - aI: Thi gian dung cu th i tham gia cat trong qua trnh gia cong mot san pham; - tI: Thi gian may dng v hong dung cu th i, bao gom thi gian thao lap va chnh dung cu may mai sa ..; - Toi:Tuoi tho cua dung cu th I vi toc o cat vo. Q mtb: = mi.ci/ci - mI:he so anh hng toc o cat en tuoi tho cua dao th I mI = 2 15, vat lieu cang tot m cang nho . - Tren (H. VIII.26.): la o th Q = f(), theo ang ( Qmax) (v) thc (2.2), o th Q = f(v) cung tng t, phan tch (VQmax) ang thc (2.2) ta co mot so ket luan sau: H.Hinh2.11 VIII.26. Thi gian chay khong Tck cang be, nang suat Q cang cao, chon ung Qmax cang quan trong v gia tr Qmax sai 183

lech mot t dan en ton that ln ve nang suat Q. may t ong cang hien ai, tck cang be, he so cuaCi va mi cang be, nang suat cang cao cang co kha nang tang de tang nang suat, muon giam Ci can nang cao chat lng dung cu, cai tien quy trnh san suat va ga lap dung cu muon giam mi phai dung vat lieu tot e lam dung cu. Nang suat cong nghe ko cang ln, nang suat Q cangcao, nh cao cua o th nang suat cang dch ve ben trai, chng to rang co kha nang giam toc o cat ( nang cao tuoi tho cua dao e tang nang suat. Che o cat hp ly: -Xac nh Qmax, tc la xac nh can tang hay giam toc o bao nhieu e at Qmax. ngoai ra con tnh ph ton mi ve dung cu do tang toc o. -(H. VIII.27), gop o th ph ton vao o th nang suat, t a en b nang suat tang nhanh, nhng ph ton dung cu t, - Nen co the tang e tang Q, nhng t b en c nang suat tang cham, ph ton dung cu lai tang nhanh, nen tang nang suat trong khoang nay khong kinh te, do o che o cat vi Qmax khong li . - Lay e co nang suat d ( nam gia a va b) khong tot v ha thap che o cat va khong tan dung het kha nang cua may, mat du chi ph dung cu t, chon iem gan (b) la tng oi hp l v nang suat cao va ph ton dung cu va phai . - e chon h1 ta s dung he so d tr nang suat theo che o cat:

H. VIII.27

H. VIII.28

Chon tr so: h1 da vao o th - ( H. VIII.28); la ph ton dung cu tnh theo phan tram gia thanh san pham. Lap o th nay da vao cac so lieu thc te nhng nha may san suat hang loat t ong vi trng o tien tien . Thc te cho thay: 1,03 < h1 < 1,06 Tr so cang be chng to trnh o san xuat cang cao ph ton ve dung cu % cang t, cho phep tang toc o e tang nang suat nhieu hn .

184

Tnh lng d tr nang suat A:

A=

Neu: = 1,03 th A = 3%; = 1,06, A= 5%, = 1,12 th A = 10% . cho Qmax = 1, da vao ang thc (2.2) co the tnh c Qmax, Qh1, roi can c vao (2.5) xac nh: 1 m 1 + h1 . m 1 h1 = m ( 1).K .tck + . m 1

Qmax Qh1 1 .100 = .100 % Qmax

H. VIII.29

Neu m 2, co the dung cong thc gan ung:

h1 =
tnh theo Qmax, vi Qmax 1;

1 ( 1)( K .t ck + 3) + 1

(2.6)

Co the xac nh h1 nang suat . Q = Qmax va ng cong d tr nang suat = (), se cho tr so nh h1 trong tng trng hp cu the . - ng cong Q: cong thc (2.2) - ng cong da theo cong thc (2.6) - Chon che o cat hp ly thng c ap dung trong san xuat hang loat, che o cat tren may t ong nho hn tren may van nang trong cung mot ieu kien, nham tang tuoi tho cua dao va tang nang suat cua may.

Q max ( 1)( K .t ck . Q max + 3) + 1 (2.7) bang o th ( H. VIII.29), giao iem cua ng cong

h1 =

185

MAY T ONG

186

IV . S o ong cua may t ong IV.1 . S o ong may thuoc nhom 1: IV.1.1.1. ac iem va nguyen ly lam viec: ac iem: - May tien t ong nh hnh ngang,may nay toan bo chu ky gia cong chi tiet, c thc hien bang cam gan tren 1 truc hoac nhieu truc goi la truc phan phoi. La loai may co mot hay nhieu truc chnh chuyen ong quay tron xung quanh no, tren may co the co mot hoac nhieu dao cung tham gia qua trnh gia cong: May ch co chuyen ong chay dao ngang thng la dao nh hnh, (khong co chuyen ong chay dao doc), may thc hien lng chay dao ngang thang goc vi ng tam cua phoi. * Co hai loai may t ong nh hnh ngang: 1) Loai nhieu truc chnh dung phoi thep thanh vi ng knh ln, co the en 56mm, phoi quay dung cu khong quay, gia cong song song nhieu v tr nhng chi tiet n gian, nh kieu may: 147,148,149, 2) Loai mot truc chnh, dung phoi thep cuon vi ng knh be, thng ch 810 mm, khi gia cong phoi khong quay, dung cu va quay va chuyen ong hng tam, nh kieu may 1106, may nay co tnh chat ien hnh cho may t ong tien ngang. - Thng dung trong san xuat hang loat ln va hang khoi. - Gom 2 chuyen ong c ban sau: Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay tron cua truc chnh mang phoi Chuyen ong phu la chuyen ong thang eu cua ban may mang dao chuyen ong theo phng thang goc vi truc chnh - Phoi gia cong co the la phoi cuon hoac phoi thanh. * Mot so chi tiet ien hnh va phng phap gia cong tren may:

H. IX.14. Gia cong nh hnh tren MT

202

* Hnh may 1106:

H. IX.15. Hnh may 1106

* May 1106 gom: 1- than may; 2-cam ieu khien ong m chau kep phoi trc; 3thung cha thanh pham; 4-mang dan thanh pham; 5-u chau kep phoi trc; 6-dao cat; 7-chau kep phoi trong au truc chnh; 8-au dao; 9,10-cac khp noi vi hai then e ieu khien chuyen ong chay dao ngang; 14-u phong phoi va nan thang phoi; 15-cac con lan nan thang phoi; 16-cuon phoi; 17-gia cuon phoi; 18- bm dau boi trn; 19-cam ieu khien u phong phoi va nan thang phoi; 20-cam ieu khien c cau kep phoi sau; 21-day xch; 22-tay gat ong, m li hp vau 33; 23chot nh v, ong thi la chot bao hiem ien (ngat ien ong c khi can ong hay m li hp vau); 24- cong tac ien e khi ong may ( ch hoat ong khi chot 23 tac ong en no); 25- vo lang e quay tay truc phan phoi; 26-puly cang ai; 27,28cam ieu khien cac dao chay ngang; 29-truc phan phoi; 30-bm dau lam nguoi; 31- puly thay the; 32-ong c ien; 33 ly hp; 34- lyhp vau; 35-he thong on bay ieu khien ly hp vau; 36-tay nam ong m an khp hay banh rang hnh tru Z 28-Z 28. + Tren hnh b: s o gia cong 1 chi tiet ien hnh tren may tien t ong nh hnh ngang.

H. IX.16.Gia cong nh hnh tren MT

203

Hanh trnh 1: Sau khi gia cong xong chi tiet dao cat 5 va 5 lui ve v tr ban au vi lng chay dao s 2 va s 2, luc nay cac vau kep m ra, phoi phong ve pha trc nh vao ban nan thang phoi va ay chi tiet gia cong xong ve pha trc. Hanh trnh 2: Phoi c kep chat lai sau o dao cat 5 va 5 tien vao gia cong chi tiet vi lng chay dao s1 va s1 e tien mat au va cat t chi tiet ong thi hnh thanh mat con cho chi tiet tiep theo, chu ky gia cong mi c lap lai. *u, nhc iem: 1. Ton t thi gian phuc vu may v phoi la mot cuon dai. 2. Hay mat au chi tiet kha nhan v khi gia cong chi tiet ng yen va c kep hai au. 3. Thanh pham co the thu c trong thung rieng, khong lan lon vi phoi. 4. May lam viec khong on v si phoi khong quay 5. May chiem dien tch be v khong co cac ong bao ve phoi kha dai nh trng hp gia cong thep thanh. IV.1.1.2. ac tnh ky thuat cua may: May 1106 la may tien t ong nh hnh ngang dung gia cong phoi day co tiet dien tron. - Thi gian phuc vu may t, t thay phoi. - May lam viec t on v phoi ng yen. - Dien tch lap at be, phoi co the dan ve thung cha rieng. ac tnh ky that gom: - Kch thc ng knh Dmax: Dmax = 8 mm - Chieu dai: 100 mm - Chieu rong ln nhat cua chi tiet cho dao nh hnh: 20 mm - So dao cua au quay: 2 - So vong quay au dung cu cat: n = 1230 3500 v/f - Gii han nang suat: 6,6 37 v/f - Cong suat ong c chnh: N =2,2KW - Kch thc may: 3500 x 720 x 1450 mm. - Trong lng may: 1500Kg

IV.1.2. S o ong cua may: * S o ong cua may t ong nh hnh ngang 1106 c trnh bai tren hnh sau

204

3 1

110

B 4

A III IV b 5'

k=2 2 15 28 40

45 6 28 16 52 FF 10 9 12 7 II I L2 25 N=2.2kw n=1440v/p 1 D 11 12

26

a) Xch toc o: - Xch toc o thc hien chuyen ong quay tron cua au dao quay (4) t D lam quay truc chnh, ong c 1 co N = 2,2 kw, n = 1440 (v/f) 110 - e thay oi toc o ngi ta thay oi puly D. b)Xch truc phan phoi (FF): 25 26 a 2 -Truc FF nhan truyen ong t ong c 1-L1-L2- . . . . Banh rang 52 40 b 45 thay the a va b, dung ieu chnh truc FF. a) Xch ieu chnh: 12 28 - e ieu chnh truc phan phoi bang tay, ta quay tay quay (7) - , 16 28 2 en truc FF. 45 - Cac cam lap tren truc FF gom co cam (8) ieu khien ban phong va nan phoi (6); cam (9) ieu khien c cau kep phoi A va B; cam (10) va (11) ieu khien lng chay dao ngang cua dao (5) va (5); cam 12 ieu khien c cau kep chi tiet a gia cong xong C, chi tiet a gia cong c dan theo mang (13) ve thung cha (14). Tren may con co bm (15) e bm dau boi trn, va bm (16) e bm dung dch lam nguoi. IV.1.2.1. Cac c cau ieu khien ac biet tren may: + au truc chnh:

H. IX.17.S o ong MT nh hnh ngang 1106

205

H. IX.18. S o truc chnh may tien t ong 1106

-Truc chnh cua may tien t ong nh hnh ngang 1106 va thc hien chuyen ong chnh, quay tron, va thc hien chuyen ong ngang cua dao. -Truc chnh (1) nhan truyen ong qua puli (2) lam quay au dao (3) mang cac dao hng knh (4). Cung quay vi truc chnh co cac then (5), va(6). Nhng then nay co the trt oc lap vi nhau trong cac ranh doc cua truc chnh nh cac cam (7) va (8) lap tren truc phan phoi qua he thong on bay (9). -Khi cac then 5,6 di ong sang trai nh mat nghieng au ben phai, no quay on bay (10) quanh cac tam co nh (O), ay cac ban dao (4), di ong ve pha chi tiet gia cong,thc hien lng chay dao ngang ( hng tam). -Khi cac then di ong sang phai, cac dao lui ve v tr ban au di tac dung cua loxo nen (11), t so truyen t cam en dao la( 4). -Phoi (12) ng yen ben trong truc chnh va c co nh bang vau kep an hoi (13)ma ngoai ben phai cua vau kep la mat con, no c t vao mat con cua ong (14). Khi cam di ong ong (14) sang phai, mat con se ep vau kep an hoi (3) vao chi tiet gia cong. - Chi tiet gia cong (12) con c kep chat trong vau kep nam oi dien vi au dao quay, ay la vau kep C tren hnh (V-12) hai v tr kep chat nay am bao kha nang gia cong ong thi mat sau cua chi tiet trc va mat trc cua chi tiet sau. IV.1.2. May tien t ong nh hnh doc: IV.1.2.1. ac iem va nguyen ly lam viec: + May nay gom co 2 chuyen ong: chuyen ong chnh va chuyen ong phu. - Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay tron cua phoi c lap tren truc chnh, ngoai ra truc chnh mang phoi co the chuyen ong theo phng hng truc. - Chuyen ong phu: la chuyen ong tao hnh cua ban may mang dao ( ban dao), theo phng hng truc, Neu phoi chuyen ong tnh tien th ban dao ng yen va ngc lai. - May tien t ong nh hnh doc co the co mot hoac nhieu truc mang phoi,mot hoac nhieu ban dao chuyen ong thang goc vi truc chnh. ac iem: Khi gia cong, truc chnh mang phoi va chuyen ong tnh tien va quay theo chieu doc truc.

206

Dao cat thc hien lng chay dao ngang thang goc vi phoi. V vay cung mot luc may co the chuyen ong vong va tnh tien cua phoi Va chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao cat nen co the khong can dung dao nh hnh e gia cong chi tiet. Nguyen ly hoat ong:

H. IX.19. C cau phong phoi

Phoi thanh (1) c kep chat trong vau kep an hoi (2) va thc hien chuyen ong quay tron. ong thi thc hien lng chuyen ong tnh tien Sd, t u truc phoi (3), u truc phoi nay co the ng yen, chuyen ong sang trai hoac lui ve ben phai, c thc hien nh 1 cam lap tren truc phan phoi. - Cac dao cat (4) va (5) lap tren ban dao on can (9), thc hien chuyen ong lac l quanh tam (O) do cam 10 ieu khien, lo xo (11) se gi cho cam va ban dao luon tiep xuc nhau. - Dao (5) c s dung lam dao cat tho, v tr cua dao cat ( 5), cng vng hn dao cat (4),do khi co lc cat se lam tang s tiep xuc gia cam va ban dao, con dao (4) dung e cat tinh. Cac ban dao ng (6),(7),(8) at trc au phoi, theo hnh re quat, chuyen ong oc lap nhau nh cac he thong cam va on bay. Tat ca cac dao cat ng va ngang eu c at gan gia (13), trc au truc chnh vi khoang cach L = 2 4 mm, Nen lc cat tao ra momen uon rat be, am bao gia cong chi tiet co o chnh xac cao. * u iem: Co the gia cong c nhng chi tiet co chieu dai ln va ng knh be. Sau khi cat t chi tiet xong, dao (14) khong lui ve ngay ma dng tai v tr o mot thi gian, e lam chc nang goi chan, luc o vau kep (2) m ra va lui ve 1 oan bang oan phong phoi, sau o dao cat (14) lui ve, vau (2) kep lai va bat au chu ky gia cong mi. ac iem khi cat ren: Cat ren trai: phoi quay tron theo chieu ngc chieu kim ong ho, v vay khi cat ta phai dung ban ren trai va c cau mang ban ren khong quay.

H. IX.20. C cau ban dao

207

Khi cat ren phai th ban ren c lap tren truc dung cu, truc dung cu phai quay cung chieu quay cua phoi va nhanh hn, khi cat xong truc dung cu quay cham hn truc phoi, nen ban ren c thao ra ( phng phap cat uoi). Khi khoan: do truc chnh mang phoi quay theo chieu trai nen ta dung mui khoan co bc xoan trai. Thong thng tren may tien t ong nh hnh doc co lap 13 truc dao dung cu co the quay hoac ng yen e lap dao cat IV.1.2.2. ac tnh ky thuat cua may 112: La may gia cong co o chnh xac cao cap 1, cap 2,la loai may c dung rong rai do lien xo san xuat. Vi s phoi hp chuyen ong vong va tnh tien cua phoi, cung vi cac chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao may co the gia cong cac mat tru,con, nh hnh tien ranh, xen mat au, cat ren,. Hnh dang chung cua may c trnh bay tren hnh sau:

H. IX.21.Cac bo phan c ban MT

(1): than may (2): ong c thc hien truyen ong cho toan may, thanh may ben phai cua than may lap tu ien (3), va ong m may nh ban ieu khien, tren than may co u truc phoi (5) gia (6), e lap cac ban dao ng (7) ban dao on can vi dao ngang (9), pha trai co the lap cac loai o ga khac nhau . - Pha ben phai cua may la c cau phong phoi vi tru (11), ong dan hng phoi thanh (12). * ac tnh ky thuat chu yeu cua may 112: ng knh va chieu dai ln nhat cua chi tiet gia cong: 12x 80 mm Ren ln nhat co the gia cong: M6 ng knh lo khoan ln nhat: 7 So vong quay truc chnh: n = 750 6070 v/f So lng ban dao: 05 Thi gian gia cong 1 chi tiet: 1,77 389,6 f Cong suat ong c chnh: N = 2,2 kw.

208

IV.1.2.3 S o ong may 112: - May tien t ong nh doc 112 khac cac kieu cung loai la no co xch chay dao nhanh cua truc phan phoi khi chay khong, ieu o tao nen s hp ly va thuan li khi s dung. S o ong cua may
2

84
Sd

45 FF 43 12 11 2 1 Bm D1 12 18/ 30 k=4 18 12 D4

10

8 7

5 L3 42 L2 L1

k= 2 38 40' 40

D3

D2 24 A 1 a b D3 N = 2 .2 k w n = 1 4 3 0 v /p

D6

D5

147
D1

II

H. IX.22. S o ong may 1 12

1).Xch toc o: - Xch toc o thc hien chuyen ong chnh quay tron cua phoi, bat au t ong c 1 co: 147 A N = 2,2 kw, n = 1430 (v/f) - II truyen en truc chnh mang phoi. B 84 2)Xch truc FF: a)Hanh trnh lam viec: - Truc phan phoi FF c lap tat ca cac cam ieu khien t ong toan bo chu trnh lam viec cua may. hanh trnh lam viec, truc FF quay cham.

209

Truyen ong bat nguon t truc II -( D1 = 88,96,102,109,118,va D2 = 4 a 18 3 38 - hoac - L1 ,- -L3 - truc vt banh vt 178,170,164,157,148,24 b 40 4 42 quay cham truc FF. b) Hanh trnh chay khong: D 100 12 en truc bm dung dch Chuyen ong nhanh cung bat au D1 - 3 = D4 110' 18 12 38 2 - L2 - L3 -quay nhanh truc FF. lam nguoi, 40' 42' 45 - Neu tnh en he so trt day ai, xch nay cho van toc cua truc FF khoang 10 v/f. - Cac ly hp L1, L2 c ong m bang cam, tng ng vi viec ong m xch chay nhanh hay chay cham. 3)Xch cac o ga: a)o ga dung cu: -o ga cac dung cu () dung e lap cac mui khoan khoet taro .nhan truyen ong t truc chnh qua puly D5 va D6 truyen len cac puly tng ng cua o ga (1), cac puly cua o ga co c cau am bao viec ao chieu quay. b)o ga phay ranh: -T puly D7 lap tren truc cua bm lam nguoi ta co the a truyen ong en o ga e phay ranh. Cac cam lap tren truc FF thc hien cac chc nang: cam (1) dung e ieu khien lng chay dao doc Sd cua truc chnh mang phoi cam( 2) lam dng may, -Khi gia cong het phoi thanh, cam( 3) ong m vau kep an hoi, cam (4) ong chuyen ong chay dao nhanh cua truc FF, cam (5,6) ieu khien lng chay dao cua cac ban dao ng, cam (8): ieu khien tay may, cam (9) ieu khien ban dao on can; cam (10,11,12,13) ieu khien cac o ga ac biet. IV.1.2.4. Cac c cau ac biet tren may: Cac c cau at biet may tien t ong 112 IV.1.2.4.1.He thong u truc phoi:

H. IX.23. C cau u truc phoi

210

Di tac dung cua cam 1, tren truc phan phoi pha sau may va he thong on bay, u truc phoi (2) chuyen ong chay dao doc ve ben trai, a phoi (3) qua bac cua gia (4), en cac dung cu (5) va (6) e gia cong. -Tuy theo nhu cau gia cong, u truc phoi con co the, ng yen 1 cho nh khi tien mat au, tien ranh, cat t chi tiet,.chay lui ve ben phai nh luc can gia cong ranh rong hn li dao gia cong hnh con lom,.. -Sau khi gia cong xong mot san pham u truc phoi lui ve ben phai, chuan b a phoi ve ben trai, qua trnh thc hien nh sau: cat t xong mot chi tiet, dao cat t khong lui ngay, ma dng tai v tr o thi gian ngan. * Chau kep trong u truc phoi m rong, phoi c tha long nhng b dao cat t chan ngang nen khong the chay ve ben trai, ong thi luc o u truc phoi (2) lui nhanh ve ben phai di tac dung cua cam (1) va lo xo nam trong he thong, cuoi hanh trnh nay phoi c kep lai, dao cat t lui ra han, u truc phoi bat au tien ve ben trai, tiep tuc thc hien chu ky mi. IV.1.2.4.2. He thong ban dao ng: -Trc au truc phoi co 3 ban dao ng at thanh hnh re quat va hoat ong oc lap nhau, s o ket cau cua no c trnh bay tren H. IX.24

- Moi ban dao ng ieu do mot cam (1) lap tren truc EF ieu khien. -Truyen ong t cam ban dao (3) qua he thong on bay (2) vi mot t so truyen nh xe dch khp noi (4) trong pham vi t Amin Amax. H. IX.24. c cau ban dao ng -T so truyen nay co the ieu chnh t: I =1 2,5 -Ngoai kha nang ieu chnh noi tren, v tr ban dao (3) con co the c ieu chnh nh vt chnh xac (5). Moi vach chia o cua au vt tng ng vi lng di ong 0,01mm cua ban dao. Lo xo (6) am bao cho ban dao chuyen ong lui va chot do luon tiep xuc vi be mat lam viec cua phoi,chot (7) khong che v tr thap cua mui do khong cho no tiep xuc vi mat cam khi chay khong. 4 6 5 IV.1.2.4.3. He thong ban dao on can: - truc cac ban dao ng khong at qua 3 ban dao, e m rong kha nang lam viec cua may ngi ta at hai ban ngang, tren c cau at biet goi la ban dao on can. 1 2 -Di tac dung cua cam (1), tren truc phan phoi, ban dao on can (2) quay xung
H. IX.25. C cau ban dao on can

211

quanh tam co nh (3) e lan lt a hai dao (4) va (5) vao gia cong phoi (6) * Hai dao khong the lam viec ong thi c, khi dao nay tien vao th dao kia lui ra. Dao trc (5) hoat ong khi oan ng cong cua cam nho hn kch thc trung bnh, khi oan cam ln hn dao (4) hoat ong, lo xo (7) ep can ban dao vao cam, chot bao ve (8) han che goc quay cua ban dao, khong cho can ban dao tiep xuc vi cam nhng goc chay khong, co nhng vt chnh xac e ieu chnh v tr dao (4) va (5). IV.1.2.4.4. C cau cat ren: -C cau cat ren la loai o ga chuyen dung lap oi dien vi truc phoi dung e lap ban ren taro (c cau tren hnh V-18)

H. IX.26. C cau u dung cu

C cau cat ren co loai mot truc va hai truc. -Mot truc: dung e cat ren ngoai vi ban ren. -Loai hai truc: dung e cat ren trong vi taro (mot truc dung e khoan truc kia dung e cat ren) -Khi cat ren phai, ban ren mot, phai quay cung chieu va nhanh hn truc phoi (2), khi lui ren ban ren dng lai hoac quay cham hn. e am bao ban ren quay khi nhanh, khi cham tren truc dung cu co ba puli: puli (3) va (4) long khong, puli (5) nam gia c cai then tren truc. -Truc dung cu nhan truyen ong t hai puli lap tren truc (II) xem hnh (V16), qua hai ai thang (6) va (7).Cac ai truyen c ay (8) di ong ong bo e cung mot luc ch co the nam tren hai puli cua truc dung cu. -Nhanh ai (6) nam tren puli (3), ai (7) nam tren puli (5) truc dung cu se quay nhanh: Neu ai (6) nam tren puli (5), ai (7) nam tren puli (4) truc dung cu quay cham. -May tien t ong nh hnh doc con co c cau khoan, c cau nay co 3 loai: loai mot truc, hai truc va 3 truc dung cu. -Loai 2 va 3 truc co the lap ong thi 23 dung cu e lan lt khoan lo tam,khoan sau,khoet Viec thay oi v tr cac truc dung cu cho ong truc vi truc phoi do cam lap tren truc FF ieu khien. IV.1.2.4.5. C cau phay ranh vt.

212

C cau phay ranh vt lap ke ben c cau cat ren dung e phay ranh vt,phay hai canh song song au vt.C cau nay bao gom au phay va tay may. -Dao phay co ng knh khong oi 25mm, nhan truyen ong t puli (D7) tren hnh (V-19) vi van toc t 600 3740 v/f. -Tay may nhan truyen ong t truc FF,S o ket cau cua c cau phay ranh vt c trnh bay tren hnh (V-19).

H. IX.27. C cau tay may

-Tren hnh (H. IX.27), tay may (1) co hai chuyen ong chuyen ong lac quanh truc va chuyen ong thang doc truc. -Cam (2) qua cac cung rang (3) va(4) thc hien chuyen ong lac V:cam (5) qua can (6) thc hien chuyen ong doc S. -Khi dao cat (7) sap cat t chi tiet (8) tay may (1) kep lay chi tiet (8),sau o va quay va dch chuyen chi tiet en gan dao phay (9) nh tren hnh (V19b).Cam (5) tiep tuc a tay may ve ben trai thc hien nguyen cong phay ranh vt. -Khi phay xong tay may lui ve ben phai chi tiet b vau gat (10) a ra khoi tay may va ri vao mang hng san pham.

213

CHNG IX

MAY T ONG
I . nh ngha:
May tien t ong la loai may thc hien toan bo tat ca cac chu trnh gia cong e tao nen hnh dang cua chi tiet ma khong can co s tham gia cua con ngi. Nguyen cong ga lap phoi: oi vi phoi tru thanh dai, may dung c cau ay phoi va kep chat t ong khong can con ngi. - oi vi phoi co hnh dang phc tap th nguyen cong ga lap phoi can en con ngi. - Ngi cong nhan co nhiem vu: ieu chnh kch thc,dung sai yeu cau - Dao ga lap phoi theo tng chu k ( neu la phoi co hnh dang phc tap). - Tren may tien t ong co nhieu loai dao e thc hien gia cong cac be mat phc tap. - Tren may co s dung c cau cap phoi t ong. - Cac c the bang c kh, ien, kh nen, thuy lc, hay tong hp cac c cau o. -V du: khi ban dao ngang a dao vao cat t chi tiet xong, cham vao c hang trnh va tac ong cho may t ong lui ve (nh vao c cau ieu khien bang ien ), ong thi tac ong cho c cau cap phoi ay phoi ti mot oan a c cai at trc ( c cau bang thuy lc).

II.2 . Cac he thong ieu khien

Co 3 loai: - He thong ieu khien bang goi ta . - He thong ieu khien bang hnh mau.

He thong ieu khien bang truc phan phoi .

* at iem: - am bao o chnh xac ve s lap lai t ong chu k gia cong - Gia cong nhng chi tiet nh nhau chu k gia cong tng oi chnh xac, tlv va tck thay oi trong pham vi nao o. - V tren may tien co he thong ieu khien theo ke hoach a nh trc. - Co 2 loai he thong ieu khien: + he thong ieu khien tap trung + he thong ieu khien khong tap trung - He thong ieu khien tap trung: la he thong ieu khien duy nhat phoi hp cac hoat ong cua may, co thi gian gia cong co nh. - He thong ieu khien khong tap trung: la he thong khong co he thong ieu khien duy nhat, tn hieu c phat ra tng c cau chap hanh khac

187

II.2.1 . He thong ieu khien bang goi ta:

nhau trong may, v vay thi gian chu ky gia cong phu thuoc vao tong sai so hoat ong cua cac c cau chap hanh.

H. IX.1. He thong ieu khien bang goi ta

II.2 .2 . He thong ieu khien bang hnh mau II.2 .1 .1. He thong ieu khien bang c kh
-

Co the trc tiep hoac gian tiep thc hien nhiem vu ieu khien cac c cau + Trc tiep: han che hanh trnh cac c cau may + Gian tiep: nhan lenh t bo phan trc roi phat ra hieu lenh ieu khien bo phan tiep theo, ong m ong c ien, nam cham ly hp ien t . - Goi ta: ieu khien oi chieu chuyen ong (hnh: a); (3,4)- goi ta; (5,6)- c hanh trnh. - (Hnh:b) goi ta(1); ban may (2); 4- van trt; 5- xilanh thuy lc - Goi ta ieu khien qui trnh gia cong + Hnh ve: 2 goi ta,3,4,5,6: th t chu k gia cong (cong tac ieu khien) - Co the ieu khien tap trung hoac phan tan tren may. - u iem: n gian de ieu chnh, s hoat ong da tren c s: c kh, ien c, dau ep, kh nen .. - Nhc iem: khong thong nhat hoa khi dung cho cac may, khong linh hoat - Moi may co he thong ieu khien rieng. -

La he thong t ong chep hnh dung ieu khien dung cu theo mot quy tch nao o, trong qua trnh gia cong.
H. IX.2. He thong ieu khien bang hnh mau

188

- Hnh dang chi tiet giong nh hnh mau. -Neu i = 1, kch thc chi tiet giong va bang kch thc hnh mau. - i 1, kch tht chi tiet khac kch thc mau. + e thc hien phng phap chep hnh, can bo phan do hnh: - He thong chep hnh c kh thng dung cho cac may tien, hoac phay - Co hai nhiem vu: ieu khien va truyen lc -Nhc iem: hnh mau tiep thu toan lc tac dung gia phoi va dung cu gia cong, nen hnh mau mau mon, dan en mat o chnh xac. - Hnh a) 1- phoi, 2- dung cu cat,3- mau, 4- au do, 5- oi trong, co nhiem vu luon a ban may ve ben phai ep sat chot do (4) vao hnh mau (3). - e am bao o chnh xac ng knh chot do (4), bang ng knh dung cu cat. - Hnh b): 1- phoi, 2- dung cu cat, H. IX.3. He thong chep hnh theo au do 3- cam mau, 4- con lan (au do), ban dao chuyen ong doc di tac dung cua trong lng (5). - (Hnh c): Phoi 1 va hnh mau 3, quay cung toc o, 2- dung cu cat tao ng cong kn, hnh dang ng cong kn tuy thuoc vao hnh dang mau. - Hnh d: con lan (4) ep sat mau (3) nh trong lng au truc chnh, mau (3) va chi tiet (1) quay cung van toc. - (Hnh e, g): hnh mau va phoi lap cung truc - (Hnh g) truc phoi co 2 chuyen ong, chuyen ong quay tron va chuyen ong doc truc, dao phay cung chot do xe dch tng bc sau moi vong quay cua phoi.- He thong chep hnh ien c: Cac chuyen ong do, chuyen thanh tn hieu ieu khien cac chuyen ong tng oi gia dung cu cat va phoi .

II.2 .1 .2.He thong chep hnh ieu khien bang ien

- Co 2 loai: - Tn hieu ieu khien gian oan - Tn hieu ieu khien lien tuc. - Hnh a): S o nguyen ly chep hnh ien c tren may phay vi tn hieu gian oan. - Ban may chay doc lien tuc qua chot do on bay ieu khien a hoac b. - Ly hp ien t la: nang ban may. - Ly hp ien t lb: ha ban may. - Tn hieu cua chot do khong lien tuc, nen be mat gia cong la ng gap khuc ( hnh:b)

189

II.2 .1 .3. He thong chep hnh thuy lc

- Tn hieu ieu khien lien tuc: s dung cac loai chuyen oi tn hieu ien t tao ra tn hieu lien tuc e ieu khien c cau truyen dan vi ong c ien 1 chieu. - Hnh ben: Trnh bai c cau do hnh vi tn hieu lien tuc. (1): Phan ng di chuyen gia hai loi bien the, (2) gan vi chot do hnh qua he thong on bay. - w1, w2: cuon s cap; w3, w4: cuon th cap, cuon s cap noi tiep nhau chu tac dung cua dong ien xoay chieu. - Khi (1) nam gia (2) ien ap au ra cua cuon th cap bang khong, khi (1) nam lech, au ra cuon th cap co ien, ien ap nay t le thuan vi o lech. H. IX4. s o tn hieu au do - ien ap va o lech pha cuon th la tn bang ien hieu bien oi lien tuc, qua he khuech ai lam thay oi chieu quay va toc o quay cua ong c, thc hien chuyen ong chep hnh. + u iem: quan tnh be, hoat ong nhanh, khong co khe h gia cac khau truyen ong, o ben tot, o chnh xac gia cong cao. - Ngay nay he thong chep hnh thuy lc c pho cap cho nhieu loai may t ong, na t ong vv., nham nang cao nang suat nhng may t H. IX.5. He thong chep hnh thuy lc ong co san. - Cac phng an n gian dung trong may phay chep hnh, - (hnh: a), 1- au dao, 2- ong dan phai, 3- au do, 4- van trt; 5,6,7: cac ca van ieu khien, 8- lo xo ay, 9- ong dan trai. - V tr 6 can bang, v tr 5, va 7 la 2 v tr khong can bang, van trc (4) di chuyen sang phai e ieu khien xi lanh. - Hnh b): van ch phan phoi buong ben trai cua xi lanh, dau theo (4) va (5) vao xilanh (6), lng di ong xi lanh (6), tuy thuoc vao ca (3). - Hnh c): van trt ch co mot mep cong tac - Dau theo ong (3) va van tiet lu (4) vao hai ben xi lanh. - Khi van trt xe dch sang trai (2) khong thong vi (1), ap suat ben trai tang, ay xi lanh ve ben phai. - Khi van trt xe dch sang phai, (1) thong vi (2) xi lanh di chuyen sang trai ap suat buong trai giam xuong, en mot mc nao o, van trt ng yen, nen xi lanh khong xe dch,

190

II.2 .1 .4. He thong do hnh ieu khien bang quang hoc

He thong chep hnh do anh: -Hnh mau la ban ve chi tiet can che tao. -o chnh xac gia cong phu thuoc vao o chnh xac cua net ve ( o chnh xac tren ban ve gap 10 lan chi tiet gia cong) -Nguyen ly chep hnh do anh: (Hnh a:) (1)nguon sang, (2)he thong knh, (3)lang knh ( hoi tu thanh chum sang tren net ve chi tiet gia cong,(4) hnh ve: phan chieu qua mat parabol,(5) gng soi:,(6) te bao quang ien, (tn hieu do te bao quang ien tao ra phu thuoc vao o sang phan chieu t net ve). - Neu net ve co o sang can bang: (hnh b, (na sang va toi bang nhau th tr so cng o dong ien cua te bao quang ien can bang). H. IX.6. He thong au do -Neu net ve b lech: tn hieu do hnh se giam hoac tang. khong tiep xuc Tn hieu nay c khuech ai va a vao ieu khien chuyen ong do hnh cua ban may, sao cho tn hieu luon can bang. Ve nguyen ly: co the am bao tot chuyen ong do hnh - o chnh xac khong cao * Nhc iem: -Kho khan trong viec tao ban ve. Nen t c phat trien va dung rong rai.

II.3 . He thong t ong ieu khien bang truc phan phoi

Truc phan phoi bao gom nhieu cam ghep chung tren mot truc, chuyen ong cua truc co the ieu khien moi chuyen ong phc tap cua chu k gia cong, theo qui luat cho trc, tren truc co cac loai cam: (Hnh ben): 1- cam a, 2- cam thung, 3 cam mat au, 4- cam vau. - Trong mot chu k hoat ong cua may co 3 loai chuyen ong chuyen ong lam viec, chuyen ong chay khong va chuyen ongieu khien. H. IX.7.He thong ieu khien bang truc - Truc phan phoi quay 1 vong tng ng vi 1 chu iky gia cong, phan pho - Chuyen ong cham e lam viec - Chuyen ong nhanh e chay khong va ieu khien. - Moi may ch co mot truc phan phoi, trng hp gia cong phc tap tren may co the co nhieu truc phan phoi, hoat ong oc lap nhau. - Ngoai truc phan phoi, con co truc phu: truc phu thc hien 2 chuyen ong, chuyen ong chay khong va ieu khien. -

191

III . Cac nhom may ieu khien bang truc phan phoi

He thong ieu khien bang truc phan phoi c ng dung trong cac lnh vc: cat kim loai, ren dap, han, in, che bien thc pham.

May t ong khac vi may thng cho cac chuyen ong chay khong c thc hien chnh xac trong chu ky t ong. Thc hien cac chuyen ong chay khong ay nh the nao la mot ieu quan trong, v toc o chay khong co lien quan chat che en van e nang suat, quy trnh cong nghe, o ben cua may May t ong khac nhau trc het la cho nay. Cho nen phan nhom may t ong phai da vao nguyen tac thc hien chuyen ong chay khong. Tren quan iem ay co the chia cac may t ong ieu khien bang truc phan phoi thanh ba nhom c ban. Cho khac nhau chu yeu gia chung the hien trong tnh chat hoat ong cua truc phan phoi. III . 1 . May t ong nhom 1: Nhom nay gom co mot so may t ong cat kim loai mot truc chnh e gia cong nhng chi tiet khong phc tap va may t ong cac nganh khac nh thc pham, det, hoa chat, in, nong nghiep, v,v ac iem th nhat cua nhom may nay la trong chu ky gia cong mot san pham truc phan phoi PP quay vi toc o khong oi e thc hien chuyen ong lam viec, chuyen ong chay khong va chuyen ong ieu khien. Khi gia cong san pham khac, thi gian chu ky va toc o truc phan phoi co the khac vi trc, nhng trong chu ky mi nay toc o quay cua truc phan phoi van khong oi. Thay oi toc o truc phan phoi khi gia cong san pham khac nhau nh c cau ieu chnh Y Chu y la xch truyen ong t ong c en truc PP co the thiet ke oc lap qua c cau ieu chnh Y hay thiet ke noi tiep mot phan vi xch truc chnh qua hai c cau ieu chnh X va Y. Ve phng tien s dung may, e de ieu chnh va ieu chnh chnh xac nham at nang suat cao, nen lam xch truyen ong cho truc PP vi c cau ieu chnh oc lap th tot hn. ac iem th hai cua nhom may nay la khi gia cong san pham khac nhau, nhng cam thc hien cac chuyen ong chay khong (lap tren truc phan phoi) oi hoi truc PP phai quay nhng goc khac nhau, nhng co nh : 1 , 2 , 3 , (hnh 3.13a) ; cho nen tong so cua chung cung co nh. 1 = 2 + 2 + 3 + = I = const

192

Trong khi o cac cam thc hien chuyen ong lam viec oi hoi truc phan phoi quay nhng goc khac nhau, khong co nh , 1 , 2 , 3 , tuy theo tnh chat gia cong cua moi san pham, nhng tong so cua chung luon luon khong oi v :
0 3
X `Y B A TC PP

2 2

1
a) b)

H. IX 8. S o ket cau ong hoc MT nhom I

= 1 + 2 + 3 + 1 = 2 - 1 = 2 - I = const T ac iem tren thay rang tong so thi gian chay khong tckI ty le vi thi gian chu ky T tckI =

T 2

Khi thay oi san pham gia cong, T se khac nhau, nen thi gian chay khong tckI cung khac nhau : tckI const. Mat khac, trong moi chu ky ty so gia tlv va tckI khong oi
t ckI = = t lv 2 I

Trong cong thc (3.3), thay tlv = tckI =

1 vao ta co : K

I K (2 I )
I ) = KI (3.5) 2

Theo cong thc (1.13), chng I, co the tnh nang suat cua may nhom I(1) QI =
1 K = = T 1 + K .tckI K

1+ K K (2 I )

= K (1

Nh vay nang suat QI cua nhom may I bang tch so nang suat cong nghe K va he so nang suat V I = const nen I = 1 -

= const 2

193

Khi gia cong san pham khac nhau, he so nang suat I khong thay oi, va nang suat QI cua may nhom I ty le vi nang suat cong nghe K cua may (hnh 3.14b) Chu y rang, trong thc te, nang suat cong nghe K nam trong gii han nao o : Kmin < K < Kmax .
a) tx Qx b)

Q max

Q min

T min

T max

K min

K max

H. IX.9.o th nang suat MT nhom I

Neu K < Kmin tc la nang suat cong nghe hay nang suat noi chung qua thap, s dung may t ong nh vay khong hp ly. Neu K > Kmax , tc la nang suat qua cao, thi gian lam viec va thi gian 1 chay khong (ty le vi tlv) qua ngan (tlv < ), cac bo phan trong may chuyen K max ong qua nhanh, tai trong ong qua ln, o cng vng va o ben cua may co the khong u, may hong. V the, nang suat QI cua may cung nam trong pham vi Qmin - Qmax nao o (hnh 3.14b), tng ng vi Kmin - Kmax . Nhc iem chu yeu cua nhom may nay la thi gian chay khong tckI ty le thuan vi thi gian chu ky T. Khi gia cong chi tiet phc tap tckI tang oi thi vi T va at en nhng tr so ln qua mc can thiet, khong kinh te. V le ay may t ong thuoc nhom I ch e gia cong nhng chi tiet n gian, co T be. III . 2 . May tien t ong nhom 2:

X Y B A TC PP

H. IX.10. S o ket cau ong hoc MT nhonII

194

Nhom nay gom a so may t ong va mot so may na t ong cat kim loai mot va nhieu truc chnh e gia cong cac chi tiet phc tap. ac iem cua may nhom II la trong chu ky gia cong mot san pham, truc phan phoi khong quay vi toc o co nh (nh nhom I), ma vi hai toc o khac nhau : quay cham khi thc hien chuyen ong lam viec, quay nhanh khi thc hien chuyen ong chay khong. V the, t ong c en truc phan phoi co 2 xch truyen ong : xch chay cham va xch chay nhanh. Xch chay cham co c cau ieu chnh Y e thay oi toc o truc phan phoi PP khi gia cong san pham khac nhau. Xch chay nhanh khong can c cau ieu chnh v toc o quay nhanh cua truc phan phoi la co nh mac du oi tng gia cong thay oi, cho nen tckII = const. e de so sanh vi nhom may I, can noi ro them rang, tong so cac goc quay cho cac chuyen ong lam viec va cho cac chuyen ong chay khong cua truc phan phoi ay cung la co nh, nhng toc o quay cac goc ay khong giong nhau nh trong nhom I. Nh vay mi co the khong che thi gian chay khong trong pham vi hp ly nhat : gia cong san pham n gian hay phc tap, ton that chay khong trong nhom II nh nhau. Do tai trong ong quyet nh, nen khong the rut ngan qua mc thi gian chay khong c. Nang suat cua may nhom II : ap dung phng phap chng minh phan Q I, vi ieu kien tckII = const , tlv = ky, ta co cong thc : QII' =
1 1 1 = = K. = K . II T t lv + t ckII 1 + Kt ckII

1 va khong ke cac ton that ngoai chu K

Nang suat ay cung bang tch so nang suat cong nghe K vi he so nang suat II . Tuy tckII = const, nhng :
1 = 1 const 1 + Kt ckII

La v II co cha K, ma nh a biet, khi thay oi san pham. K=

1 cung thay oi. t lv

Chu y rang trong nhom may I, I = const.

195

K min

K max

H. IX.11. o th nangsuat may nhom II

Hnh tren bieu dien moi quan he gia II va K Tr so II nam trong gii han tng ng vi Kmin < K < Kmax Neu K < Kmin th tang nang suat cua may QII qua thap mac du II ln, s dung may t ong nh vay khong hp ly. Neu K > Kmax th nang suat cua may QII cung thap tuy rang nang suat cong nghe K cao, v he so II lai qua be, han che nang suat s dung may t ong. Trong may nhom II, quan he gia nang suat QII va nang suat cong nghe K la mot ng cong, khong phai la mot ng thang nh nhom may I. So vi may nhom I, may t ong nhom II co c cau truyen ong phc tap hn, nhng han che c nhieu ton that chay khong khi gia cong chi tiet phc tap.

III . 3 . May tien t ong nhom 3: 3.2.3. May t ong nhom III Nhom nay chu yeu gom nhng may t ong khong oi (nh nhom may I) trong chu ky gia cong mot san pham e thc hien tat ca cac chuyen ong lam viec va phan ln nhng chuyen ong chay khong. Ngoai ra, tren truc phan phoi con co nhng cam ieu khien khac e ong m mot so c cau ac biet trong may. Nh co truc phan phoi nhng c cau nay thc hien nhng chuyen ong chay khong con lai nh kep phoi, m phoi, phong phoi, quay au revonve, C cau ieu chnh Y e thay oi toc o truc phan phoi khi gia cong cac san pham khac nhau. Truc phan phoi phu quay vi toc o nhanh va khong oi khi gia cong san pham khac nhau (nh nhom may II) e ieu khien nhng c cau ac biet trong may. Xch truc phan phoi phu khong co c cau ieu chnh toc o

196

X Y B A TC PP PPP

H. IX.12. S o ket cau ong hoc MT nhom III Nh the nhom may III la nhom may ma cac chuyen ong chay khong cua chung c thc hien theo hai cach : cach truc phan phoi quay cham va eu nh trong may nhom I va cach treuc phan phoi (phu) quay nhanh nh trong nhom may II. V le o, nhom may III c xem la nhom may trung gian cua hai nhom tren. Cho nen thi gian chu ky gia cong T mot san pham bang : T = tlv + tckI + tckII tlv : thi gian lam viec, phu thuoc vao o phc tap cua san pham. tckI : thi gian chay khong, co tnh chat nh trong nhom may I, do truc phan phoi chay cham thc hien. ay goc quay I cua truc phan phoi e thc hien phan ln chuyen ong chay khong la co nh, I = const. Nhng khi gia cong san pham khac nhau, cung nh trong nhom may I, thi gian chay khong se khac nhau, tc la : tckI =

I T const 2

tckII : thi gian chay khong, co tnh chat nh trong may nhom II, do truc phan phoi phu quay nhanh ieu khien. tckII = const Chu y rang trong khoang thi gian tckII , khi ma truc phan phoi phu ieu khien thc hien nhng chuyen ong chay khong con lai, goc quay II* cua truc phan phoi se khong co nh, v T khac const, cho nen :

II* = 2 .

t ckII const. T

T o ta co : T = tlv +

I T + t ckII 2

197

Hay la : T =

t lv + ckI 1

I 2

Nang suat cua may nhom III : ap dung phng phap chng minh phan 1 va khong ke en cac ton that ngoai chu ky, Q2 vi ieu kien tckII = const, tlv = K ta co cong thc :
1 I 1 2 = 1 I QIII = T = t + t 2 lv ckII

K = 1 + Kt ckII

1 = K 1 I . 2 1 + Kt ckII
So sanh vi ket qua trc :

1 = 1 II =

I 2

1 1 + Kt ckII

Cho nen : QIII = K . I . II Nh vay, nang suat cua may t ong nhom III bang tch so nang suat cong nghe K, he so nang suat I cua may nhom I va he so nang suat II cua may nhom II. o th quan he gia nang suat QIII va nang suat cong nghe K cung la mot ng cong. Can lu y them mot iem na la may nhom III goc II* const trong khi o may cac nhom khac goc I va II eu co nh. ieu nay co anh hng ien viec tnh toan cam khi ieu chnh may. V T =
t 1 ; nen II* = 2 ckII = 2 . QIII . tckII QIII T

Thay tr so QIII t cong thc tren ta co :

II* =

Kt ckII (2 - I ) 1 + Kt ckII

ay tckII = const , 1 = const.

198

Nang suat cong nghe K anh hng en goc quay II* tc la thay oi tr so K (chang han khi thay oi che o cat got) th II* se thay oi. Nh vay, trong may nhom III, khi gia cong cung mot san pham, nhng che o cat got khac nhau, oi hgoi phai che tao nhng cam mi, cac may nhom khac khong phai lam nh the. III . 4 . Chon may e gia cong san pham: III.4.1 Nangnsuat cong nghe K Luon luon phai ng tren quan iem nang suat e chon may khi gia cong san pham cu the nao o.
Qx I I I I M I I

K 1

K 2

H. IX.13. o th chon may theo K

Qua o th nang suat Q cua 3 nhom may t ong ta thay o th cua nhom may t III chiem v tr trung gian. Can c vao nang suat cong nghe K va o th tren ma chon may e at nang suat cao nhat : Neu K < K1 Neu K1 < K < K2 Neu K2 < K - chon may nhom II - chon may nhom III - chon may nhom II

Giao iem M cua hai ng I va II chng to rang, tai ay nang suat nhom I va nhom II bang nhau, nhng thua nang suat cua may nhom III. Neu lech ve ben trai iem M, nang suat may nhom II cao hn may nhom I, lech ve ben phai nhom I cao hn nhom II. Cho nen khi mot san pham co the gia cong c tren hai hay ba nhom may, phai da vao o th X.13 e chon nhom hp ly nhat .

199

Tren c s nghien cu, phan tch va ve o th nang suat cho rat nhieu may t ong va na t ong a dung lau nay, co nhng so lieu c chng nh sau : K > 10cht/ph - chon hay thiet ke may nhom I K < 1cht/ph - chon hay thiet ke may nhom II - chon hay thiet ke may nhom III

o,5 < K < 10cht/ph

Noi cac hkhac, khi gia cong chi tiet loai nho, nhe, n gian, nen thiet ke, che tao, hoac s dung may nhom I ; chi tiet loai nho va va, quy trnh gia cong tng oi phc tap - may nhom III ; chi tiet loai va, loai nang va phc tap - may nhom II. iem xuat phat e thiet ke, che tao va s dung may t ong la quy trnh cong nghe va nang suat cong nghe. Muon lam tot viec nay can nghien cu phan tch ay u ve tnh nang cua cac c cau may, ve tr so cua K va , lam the nao e bao am nang suat Q cua may cao nhat. Sau ay la v du minh hoa viec la chon may e gia cong. Chang han can gia cong chi tiet vat lieu mem co = 6mm. l = 6mm, o bong 4. Gia s chon che o cat; v = 150m/ph , S = 0,1mm/vg Vay so vong quay can thiet cua truc chnh e gia cong chi tiet n0 = ntc =

1 6 = = 60vg. Toc o truc chnh. S 0,1 1000v 1000.150 = = 8000 vg/ph. d 3,14.6 n tc 8000 = = 133 cht/ph n0 60

Nang suat cong nghe K =

V K > 10 nen chon may nhom I, v du may 111

Nang suat cua may nay theo cong thc QI = K 1 I 2

Tm tr so I theo ban thuyet minh cua may 111 : Neu QI < 60 th I = 14% cua vong (tc 14% cua 2 ) QI > 60 th I = 24% cua vong V K ln hn so 60 nhieu, nen chon I = 24% va

200

24 QI = 133 1 100cht/ph 100

Gia s cung chi tiet o, nhng ta gia cong tren may nhom III, chang han may 1112 ; may nay co so vong quay toi a cua truc chnh ntcmax = 4000 vg/ph, vay K = 4000 = 66cht/ph. Theo ban thuyet minh cua may 1112, co I = 20% , tckII = 1,5 60 gy. Nang suat cua may :

1 20 1 QIII = K 1 I . = 661 20cht / ph . , 2 1 + Kt ckII 100 1 + 66. 15 60

Ro rang khi K ln, nang suat may nhom III thua nhom may I. Cung chi tiet nay, neu gia cong tren may nhom II, th QII lai cang thap hn na, v tckII noi chung cua nhom nay ln hn. Tren ay a gii thieu 3 nhom may c ban. V tnh chat muon hnh, muon ve, cho nen co mot so t may t ong khong va na t ong khong nam han trong 3 nhom noi tren. Co may nh 1283 co nhieu truc phan phoi, chung quay khong ong bo e ieu khien chu ky gia cong phc tap ; co may nh 129 - A co truc phan phoi quay khi nhanh, khi cham nh trong nhom II, nhng lai co them truc phan phoi phu nh trong nhom III

201

IV . S o ong cua may t ong IV.1 . S o ong may thuoc nhom 1: IV.1.1.1. ac iem va nguyen ly lam viec: ac iem: - May tien t ong nh hnh ngang,may nay toan bo chu ky gia cong chi tiet, c thc hien bang cam gan tren 1 truc hoac nhieu truc goi la truc phan phoi. La loai may co mot hay nhieu truc chnh chuyen ong quay tron xung quanh no, tren may co the co mot hoac nhieu dao cung tham gia qua trnh gia cong: May ch co chuyen ong chay dao ngang thng la dao nh hnh, (khong co chuyen ong chay dao doc), may thc hien lng chay dao ngang thang goc vi ng tam cua phoi. * Co hai loai may t ong nh hnh ngang: 1) Loai nhieu truc chnh dung phoi thep thanh vi ng knh ln, co the en 56mm, phoi quay dung cu khong quay, gia cong song song nhieu v tr nhng chi tiet n gian, nh kieu may: 147,148,149, 2) Loai mot truc chnh, dung phoi thep cuon vi ng knh be, thng ch 810 mm, khi gia cong phoi khong quay, dung cu va quay va chuyen ong hng tam, nh kieu may 1106, may nay co tnh chat ien hnh cho may t ong tien ngang. - Thng dung trong san xuat hang loat ln va hang khoi. - Gom 2 chuyen ong c ban sau: Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay tron cua truc chnh mang phoi Chuyen ong phu la chuyen ong thang eu cua ban may mang dao chuyen ong theo phng thang goc vi truc chnh - Phoi gia cong co the la phoi cuon hoac phoi thanh. * Mot so chi tiet ien hnh va phng phap gia cong tren may:

H. IX.14. Gia cong nh hnh tren MT

202

* Hnh may 1106:

H. IX.15. Hnh may 1106

* May 1106 gom: 1- than may; 2-cam ieu khien ong m chau kep phoi trc; 3thung cha thanh pham; 4-mang dan thanh pham; 5-u chau kep phoi trc; 6-dao cat; 7-chau kep phoi trong au truc chnh; 8-au dao; 9,10-cac khp noi vi hai then e ieu khien chuyen ong chay dao ngang; 14-u phong phoi va nan thang phoi; 15-cac con lan nan thang phoi; 16-cuon phoi; 17-gia cuon phoi; 18- bm dau boi trn; 19-cam ieu khien u phong phoi va nan thang phoi; 20-cam ieu khien c cau kep phoi sau; 21-day xch; 22-tay gat ong, m li hp vau 33; 23chot nh v, ong thi la chot bao hiem ien (ngat ien ong c khi can ong hay m li hp vau); 24- cong tac ien e khi ong may ( ch hoat ong khi chot 23 tac ong en no); 25- vo lang e quay tay truc phan phoi; 26-puly cang ai; 27,28cam ieu khien cac dao chay ngang; 29-truc phan phoi; 30-bm dau lam nguoi; 31- puly thay the; 32-ong c ien; 33 ly hp; 34- lyhp vau; 35-he thong on bay ieu khien ly hp vau; 36-tay nam ong m an khp hay banh rang hnh tru Z 28-Z 28. + Tren hnh b: s o gia cong 1 chi tiet ien hnh tren may tien t ong nh hnh ngang.

H. IX.16.Gia cong nh hnh tren MT

203

Hanh trnh 1: Sau khi gia cong xong chi tiet dao cat 5 va 5 lui ve v tr ban au vi lng chay dao s 2 va s 2, luc nay cac vau kep m ra, phoi phong ve pha trc nh vao ban nan thang phoi va ay chi tiet gia cong xong ve pha trc. Hanh trnh 2: Phoi c kep chat lai sau o dao cat 5 va 5 tien vao gia cong chi tiet vi lng chay dao s1 va s1 e tien mat au va cat t chi tiet ong thi hnh thanh mat con cho chi tiet tiep theo, chu ky gia cong mi c lap lai. *u, nhc iem: 1. Ton t thi gian phuc vu may v phoi la mot cuon dai. 2. Hay mat au chi tiet kha nhan v khi gia cong chi tiet ng yen va c kep hai au. 3. Thanh pham co the thu c trong thung rieng, khong lan lon vi phoi. 4. May lam viec khong on v si phoi khong quay 5. May chiem dien tch be v khong co cac ong bao ve phoi kha dai nh trng hp gia cong thep thanh. IV.1.1.2. ac tnh ky thuat cua may: May 1106 la may tien t ong nh hnh ngang dung gia cong phoi day co tiet dien tron. - Thi gian phuc vu may t, t thay phoi. - May lam viec t on v phoi ng yen. - Dien tch lap at be, phoi co the dan ve thung cha rieng. ac tnh ky that gom: - Kch thc ng knh Dmax: Dmax = 8 mm - Chieu dai: 100 mm - Chieu rong ln nhat cua chi tiet cho dao nh hnh: 20 mm - So dao cua au quay: 2 - So vong quay au dung cu cat: n = 1230 3500 v/f - Gii han nang suat: 6,6 37 v/f - Cong suat ong c chnh: N =2,2KW - Kch thc may: 3500 x 720 x 1450 mm. - Trong lng may: 1500Kg

IV.1.2. S o ong cua may: * S o ong cua may t ong nh hnh ngang 1106 c trnh bai tren hnh sau

204

3 1

110

B 4

A III IV b 5'

k=2 2 15 28 40

45 6 28 16 52 FF 10 9 12 7 II I L2 25 N=2.2kw n=1440v/p 1 D 11 12

26

a) Xch toc o: - Xch toc o thc hien chuyen ong quay tron cua au dao quay (4) t D lam quay truc chnh, ong c 1 co N = 2,2 kw, n = 1440 (v/f) 110 - e thay oi toc o ngi ta thay oi puly D. b)Xch truc phan phoi (FF): 25 26 a 2 -Truc FF nhan truyen ong t ong c 1-L1-L2- . . . . Banh rang 52 40 b 45 thay the a va b, dung ieu chnh truc FF. a) Xch ieu chnh: 12 28 - e ieu chnh truc phan phoi bang tay, ta quay tay quay (7) - , 16 28 2 en truc FF. 45 - Cac cam lap tren truc FF gom co cam (8) ieu khien ban phong va nan phoi (6); cam (9) ieu khien c cau kep phoi A va B; cam (10) va (11) ieu khien lng chay dao ngang cua dao (5) va (5); cam 12 ieu khien c cau kep chi tiet a gia cong xong C, chi tiet a gia cong c dan theo mang (13) ve thung cha (14). Tren may con co bm (15) e bm dau boi trn, va bm (16) e bm dung dch lam nguoi. IV.1.2.1. Cac c cau ieu khien ac biet tren may: + au truc chnh:

H. IX.17.S o ong MT nh hnh ngang 1106

205

H. IX.18. S o truc chnh may tien t ong 1106

-Truc chnh cua may tien t ong nh hnh ngang 1106 va thc hien chuyen ong chnh, quay tron, va thc hien chuyen ong ngang cua dao. -Truc chnh (1) nhan truyen ong qua puli (2) lam quay au dao (3) mang cac dao hng knh (4). Cung quay vi truc chnh co cac then (5), va(6). Nhng then nay co the trt oc lap vi nhau trong cac ranh doc cua truc chnh nh cac cam (7) va (8) lap tren truc phan phoi qua he thong on bay (9). -Khi cac then 5,6 di ong sang trai nh mat nghieng au ben phai, no quay on bay (10) quanh cac tam co nh (O), ay cac ban dao (4), di ong ve pha chi tiet gia cong,thc hien lng chay dao ngang ( hng tam). -Khi cac then di ong sang phai, cac dao lui ve v tr ban au di tac dung cua loxo nen (11), t so truyen t cam en dao la( 4). -Phoi (12) ng yen ben trong truc chnh va c co nh bang vau kep an hoi (13)ma ngoai ben phai cua vau kep la mat con, no c t vao mat con cua ong (14). Khi cam di ong ong (14) sang phai, mat con se ep vau kep an hoi (3) vao chi tiet gia cong. - Chi tiet gia cong (12) con c kep chat trong vau kep nam oi dien vi au dao quay, ay la vau kep C tren hnh (V-12) hai v tr kep chat nay am bao kha nang gia cong ong thi mat sau cua chi tiet trc va mat trc cua chi tiet sau. IV.1.2. May tien t ong nh hnh doc: IV.1.2.1. ac iem va nguyen ly lam viec: + May nay gom co 2 chuyen ong: chuyen ong chnh va chuyen ong phu. - Chuyen ong chnh la chuyen ong quay tron cua phoi c lap tren truc chnh, ngoai ra truc chnh mang phoi co the chuyen ong theo phng hng truc. - Chuyen ong phu: la chuyen ong tao hnh cua ban may mang dao ( ban dao), theo phng hng truc, Neu phoi chuyen ong tnh tien th ban dao ng yen va ngc lai. - May tien t ong nh hnh doc co the co mot hoac nhieu truc mang phoi,mot hoac nhieu ban dao chuyen ong thang goc vi truc chnh. ac iem: Khi gia cong, truc chnh mang phoi va chuyen ong tnh tien va quay theo chieu doc truc.

206

Dao cat thc hien lng chay dao ngang thang goc vi phoi. V vay cung mot luc may co the chuyen ong vong va tnh tien cua phoi Va chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao cat nen co the khong can dung dao nh hnh e gia cong chi tiet. Nguyen ly hoat ong:

H. IX.19. C cau phong phoi

Phoi thanh (1) c kep chat trong vau kep an hoi (2) va thc hien chuyen ong quay tron. ong thi thc hien lng chuyen ong tnh tien Sd, t u truc phoi (3), u truc phoi nay co the ng yen, chuyen ong sang trai hoac lui ve ben phai, c thc hien nh 1 cam lap tren truc phan phoi. - Cac dao cat (4) va (5) lap tren ban dao on can (9), thc hien chuyen ong lac l quanh tam (O) do cam 10 ieu khien, lo xo (11) se gi cho cam va ban dao luon tiep xuc nhau. - Dao (5) c s dung lam dao cat tho, v tr cua dao cat ( 5), cng vng hn dao cat (4),do khi co lc cat se lam tang s tiep xuc gia cam va ban dao, con dao (4) dung e cat tinh. Cac ban dao ng (6),(7),(8) at trc au phoi, theo hnh re quat, chuyen ong oc lap nhau nh cac he thong cam va on bay. Tat ca cac dao cat ng va ngang eu c at gan gia (13), trc au truc chnh vi khoang cach L = 2 4 mm, Nen lc cat tao ra momen uon rat be, am bao gia cong chi tiet co o chnh xac cao. * u iem: Co the gia cong c nhng chi tiet co chieu dai ln va ng knh be. Sau khi cat t chi tiet xong, dao (14) khong lui ve ngay ma dng tai v tr o mot thi gian, e lam chc nang goi chan, luc o vau kep (2) m ra va lui ve 1 oan bang oan phong phoi, sau o dao cat (14) lui ve, vau (2) kep lai va bat au chu ky gia cong mi. ac iem khi cat ren: Cat ren trai: phoi quay tron theo chieu ngc chieu kim ong ho, v vay khi cat ta phai dung ban ren trai va c cau mang ban ren khong quay.

H. IX.20. C cau ban dao

207

Khi cat ren phai th ban ren c lap tren truc dung cu, truc dung cu phai quay cung chieu quay cua phoi va nhanh hn, khi cat xong truc dung cu quay cham hn truc phoi, nen ban ren c thao ra ( phng phap cat uoi). Khi khoan: do truc chnh mang phoi quay theo chieu trai nen ta dung mui khoan co bc xoan trai. Thong thng tren may tien t ong nh hnh doc co lap 13 truc dao dung cu co the quay hoac ng yen e lap dao cat IV.1.2.2. ac tnh ky thuat cua may 112: La may gia cong co o chnh xac cao cap 1, cap 2,la loai may c dung rong rai do lien xo san xuat. Vi s phoi hp chuyen ong vong va tnh tien cua phoi, cung vi cac chuyen ong tnh tien cua dao may co the gia cong cac mat tru,con, nh hnh tien ranh, xen mat au, cat ren,. Hnh dang chung cua may c trnh bay tren hnh sau:

H. IX.21.Cac bo phan c ban MT

(1): than may (2): ong c thc hien truyen ong cho toan may, thanh may ben phai cua than may lap tu ien (3), va ong m may nh ban ieu khien, tren than may co u truc phoi (5) gia (6), e lap cac ban dao ng (7) ban dao on can vi dao ngang (9), pha trai co the lap cac loai o ga khac nhau . - Pha ben phai cua may la c cau phong phoi vi tru (11), ong dan hng phoi thanh (12). * ac tnh ky thuat chu yeu cua may 112: ng knh va chieu dai ln nhat cua chi tiet gia cong: 12x 80 mm Ren ln nhat co the gia cong: M6 ng knh lo khoan ln nhat: 7 So vong quay truc chnh: n = 750 6070 v/f So lng ban dao: 05 Thi gian gia cong 1 chi tiet: 1,77 389,6 f Cong suat ong c chnh: N = 2,2 kw.

208

IV.1.2.3 S o ong may 112: - May tien t ong nh doc 112 khac cac kieu cung loai la no co xch chay dao nhanh cua truc phan phoi khi chay khong, ieu o tao nen s hp ly va thuan li khi s dung. S o ong cua may
2

84
Sd

45 FF 43 12 11 2 1 Bm D1 12 18/ 30 k=4 18 12 D4

10

8 7

5 L3 42 L2 L1

k= 2 38 40' 40

D3

D2 24 A 1 a b D3 N = 2 .2 k w n = 1 4 3 0 v /p

D6

D5

147
D1

II

H. IX.22. S o ong may 1 12

1).Xch toc o: - Xch toc o thc hien chuyen ong chnh quay tron cua phoi, bat au t ong c 1 co: 147 A N = 2,2 kw, n = 1430 (v/f) - II truyen en truc chnh mang phoi. B 84 2)Xch truc FF: a)Hanh trnh lam viec: - Truc phan phoi FF c lap tat ca cac cam ieu khien t ong toan bo chu trnh lam viec cua may. hanh trnh lam viec, truc FF quay cham.

209

Truyen ong bat nguon t truc II -( D1 = 88,96,102,109,118,va D2 = 4 a 18 3 38 - hoac - L1 ,- -L3 - truc vt banh vt 178,170,164,157,148,24 b 40 4 42 quay cham truc FF. b) Hanh trnh chay khong: D 100 12 en truc bm dung dch Chuyen ong nhanh cung bat au D1 - 3 = D4 110' 18 12 38 2 - L2 - L3 -quay nhanh truc FF. lam nguoi, 40' 42' 45 - Neu tnh en he so trt day ai, xch nay cho van toc cua truc FF khoang 10 v/f. - Cac ly hp L1, L2 c ong m bang cam, tng ng vi viec ong m xch chay nhanh hay chay cham. 3)Xch cac o ga: a)o ga dung cu: -o ga cac dung cu () dung e lap cac mui khoan khoet taro .nhan truyen ong t truc chnh qua puly D5 va D6 truyen len cac puly tng ng cua o ga (1), cac puly cua o ga co c cau am bao viec ao chieu quay. b)o ga phay ranh: -T puly D7 lap tren truc cua bm lam nguoi ta co the a truyen ong en o ga e phay ranh. Cac cam lap tren truc FF thc hien cac chc nang: cam (1) dung e ieu khien lng chay dao doc Sd cua truc chnh mang phoi cam( 2) lam dng may, -Khi gia cong het phoi thanh, cam( 3) ong m vau kep an hoi, cam (4) ong chuyen ong chay dao nhanh cua truc FF, cam (5,6) ieu khien lng chay dao cua cac ban dao ng, cam (8): ieu khien tay may, cam (9) ieu khien ban dao on can; cam (10,11,12,13) ieu khien cac o ga ac biet. IV.1.2.4. Cac c cau ac biet tren may: Cac c cau at biet may tien t ong 112 IV.1.2.4.1.He thong u truc phoi:

H. IX.23. C cau u truc phoi

210

Di tac dung cua cam 1, tren truc phan phoi pha sau may va he thong on bay, u truc phoi (2) chuyen ong chay dao doc ve ben trai, a phoi (3) qua bac cua gia (4), en cac dung cu (5) va (6) e gia cong. -Tuy theo nhu cau gia cong, u truc phoi con co the, ng yen 1 cho nh khi tien mat au, tien ranh, cat t chi tiet,.chay lui ve ben phai nh luc can gia cong ranh rong hn li dao gia cong hnh con lom,.. -Sau khi gia cong xong mot san pham u truc phoi lui ve ben phai, chuan b a phoi ve ben trai, qua trnh thc hien nh sau: cat t xong mot chi tiet, dao cat t khong lui ngay, ma dng tai v tr o thi gian ngan. * Chau kep trong u truc phoi m rong, phoi c tha long nhng b dao cat t chan ngang nen khong the chay ve ben trai, ong thi luc o u truc phoi (2) lui nhanh ve ben phai di tac dung cua cam (1) va lo xo nam trong he thong, cuoi hanh trnh nay phoi c kep lai, dao cat t lui ra han, u truc phoi bat au tien ve ben trai, tiep tuc thc hien chu ky mi. IV.1.2.4.2. He thong ban dao ng: -Trc au truc phoi co 3 ban dao ng at thanh hnh re quat va hoat ong oc lap nhau, s o ket cau cua no c trnh bay tren H. IX.24

- Moi ban dao ng ieu do mot cam (1) lap tren truc EF ieu khien. -Truyen ong t cam ban dao (3) qua he thong on bay (2) vi mot t so truyen nh xe dch khp noi (4) trong pham vi t Amin Amax. H. IX.24. c cau ban dao ng -T so truyen nay co the ieu chnh t: I =1 2,5 -Ngoai kha nang ieu chnh noi tren, v tr ban dao (3) con co the c ieu chnh nh vt chnh xac (5). Moi vach chia o cua au vt tng ng vi lng di ong 0,01mm cua ban dao. Lo xo (6) am bao cho ban dao chuyen ong lui va chot do luon tiep xuc vi be mat lam viec cua phoi,chot (7) khong che v tr thap cua mui do khong cho no tiep xuc vi mat cam khi chay khong. 4 6 5 IV.1.2.4.3. He thong ban dao on can: - truc cac ban dao ng khong at qua 3 ban dao, e m rong kha nang lam viec cua may ngi ta at hai ban ngang, tren c cau at biet goi la ban dao on can. 1 2 -Di tac dung cua cam (1), tren truc phan phoi, ban dao on can (2) quay xung
H. IX.25. C cau ban dao on can

211

quanh tam co nh (3) e lan lt a hai dao (4) va (5) vao gia cong phoi (6) * Hai dao khong the lam viec ong thi c, khi dao nay tien vao th dao kia lui ra. Dao trc (5) hoat ong khi oan ng cong cua cam nho hn kch thc trung bnh, khi oan cam ln hn dao (4) hoat ong, lo xo (7) ep can ban dao vao cam, chot bao ve (8) han che goc quay cua ban dao, khong cho can ban dao tiep xuc vi cam nhng goc chay khong, co nhng vt chnh xac e ieu chnh v tr dao (4) va (5). IV.1.2.4.4. C cau cat ren: -C cau cat ren la loai o ga chuyen dung lap oi dien vi truc phoi dung e lap ban ren taro (c cau tren hnh V-18)

H. IX.26. C cau u dung cu

C cau cat ren co loai mot truc va hai truc. -Mot truc: dung e cat ren ngoai vi ban ren. -Loai hai truc: dung e cat ren trong vi taro (mot truc dung e khoan truc kia dung e cat ren) -Khi cat ren phai, ban ren mot, phai quay cung chieu va nhanh hn truc phoi (2), khi lui ren ban ren dng lai hoac quay cham hn. e am bao ban ren quay khi nhanh, khi cham tren truc dung cu co ba puli: puli (3) va (4) long khong, puli (5) nam gia c cai then tren truc. -Truc dung cu nhan truyen ong t hai puli lap tren truc (II) xem hnh (V16), qua hai ai thang (6) va (7).Cac ai truyen c ay (8) di ong ong bo e cung mot luc ch co the nam tren hai puli cua truc dung cu. -Nhanh ai (6) nam tren puli (3), ai (7) nam tren puli (5) truc dung cu se quay nhanh: Neu ai (6) nam tren puli (5), ai (7) nam tren puli (4) truc dung cu quay cham. -May tien t ong nh hnh doc con co c cau khoan, c cau nay co 3 loai: loai mot truc, hai truc va 3 truc dung cu. -Loai 2 va 3 truc co the lap ong thi 23 dung cu e lan lt khoan lo tam,khoan sau,khoet Viec thay oi v tr cac truc dung cu cho ong truc vi truc phoi do cam lap tren truc FF ieu khien. IV.1.2.4.5. C cau phay ranh vt.

212

C cau phay ranh vt lap ke ben c cau cat ren dung e phay ranh vt,phay hai canh song song au vt.C cau nay bao gom au phay va tay may. -Dao phay co ng knh khong oi 25mm, nhan truyen ong t puli (D7) tren hnh (V-19) vi van toc t 600 3740 v/f. -Tay may nhan truyen ong t truc FF,S o ket cau cua c cau phay ranh vt c trnh bay tren hnh (V-19).

H. IX.27. C cau tay may

-Tren hnh (H. IX.27), tay may (1) co hai chuyen ong chuyen ong lac quanh truc va chuyen ong thang doc truc. -Cam (2) qua cac cung rang (3) va(4) thc hien chuyen ong lac V:cam (5) qua can (6) thc hien chuyen ong doc S. -Khi dao cat (7) sap cat t chi tiet (8) tay may (1) kep lay chi tiet (8),sau o va quay va dch chuyen chi tiet en gan dao phay (9) nh tren hnh (V19b).Cam (5) tiep tuc a tay may ve ben trai thc hien nguyen cong phay ranh vt. -Khi phay xong tay may lui ve ben phai chi tiet b vau gat (10) a ra khoi tay may va ri vao mang hng san pham.

213

IV.1.2.4.6 Ket cau chau kep phoi : Chau kep phoi dung pho bien trong cac may na t ong va t ong, thng e gia cong cac chi tiet co be mat kep la hnh tru hay lang tru oi xng. Trong cac may tien t ong gia cong thep thanh, chau kep c dung rat rong rai. Chau kep la mot ong ngan co xe t nhieu ranh mot au, tren hnh 4.41a la mot v du. au cac ma kep, ben ngoai co hnh con thuan hoac nghch mai nhan, ben trong la lo kep vi hnh dang nh hnh dang phan cua kep phoi. Thng thng o la la hnh tron, hnh vuong va hnh sau canh (hnh 4.41b). So ranh xe t la ba, oi khi bon. Chau ba ma kep phoi ba iem vi lc kep tng oi eu, chau bon ma s phan phoi lc kep phoi ba iem vi lc kep tng oi eu, chau bon ma s phan phoi lc kep khong c xac nh, mac du che tao chau bon ma n gian hn . Chau kep nam trong long truc xac nh, mac du che tao chau bon ma n gian hn. Chau kep nam trong long truc chnh, hnh con cua chau ng vi be mat con trong cua truc chnh, chen chau se kep hay nha phoi tuy theo chieu di chuyen doc cua no trong truc chnh .

H. IX.33. Ong kep phoi thanh theo hnh dang phoi

Yeu cau ky thuat oi vi c cau kep. 1. Lc kep phai tap trung va bao am o ong tam cua phoi vi truch chnh. 2. Chieu dai cua phoi c phong ra khong thay oi. 3. Kep bao am phoi khong xoay va khong trc doc . 4. Phoi khong b rung .

214

5. Lc kep bnh thng khi kch thc cua phoi thay oi trong pham vi cho phep . 6. Ket cau n gian , kch thc nho . iem cuoi cung nay rat quan trong nhat la oi vi may nhieu truc, v chau kep ln th truc phoi va khoi truc phoi se rat ln. Ngoai ra, yeu cau nhiet luyen chau kep phai ac biet , sao cho au chau (cho kep ) phai cng, phan gia phai an hoi va oikhi uoi chau (cho cat ren neu co ) phai tng oi mem . Moi mot chau kep ch dung cho mot loai thep thanh co kch thc nhat nh , v the neu s dung chau kep lien ( khong co ma ghep ) th trong moi may co d tr mot bo nhieu chau kep vi kch thc va hnh dang lo kep khac nhau .

H. IX.34. Ong kep vi ma ghep

e tranh s ton kem o va khoi nhiet luyen phc tap, ngi ta dung chau vi ma ghep : ben trong cac ma co nhng mieng lot thay the va c kep chat bang nhng vt. Ket cau chau ghep co nhieu loai khac nhau, nhng yeu cau chung la phai lam the nao e nh v tot cac mieng lot va chung am bao truyen lc ln . Thuan tien hn ca la ket cau ma ghep cho ghep khong can thao chau kep ra khoi truc chnh khi thay mieng lot, tc la kep mieng lot t pha au truc chnh . u iem cua loai chau ma ghep : 1 ) Bo chau kep cho phoi khac nhau c thaybang bo nhng mieng lot

215

2 ) Nhiet luyen rieng chau kep va cac mieng lot de dang ; 3) Co the chon vat lieu that tot e lam cac mieng lot . Nhc iem cua loai chau nay la 1) Kep phoi khong c bao am v vt kep cac mieng lot khong c vng va de b long ra trong qua trnh gia cong 2) Ket cau cua chau phc tap : e kep loai phoi thoi , kch thc hng kch thc dung sai ln (thep can nong, cha qua khau rut nguoi hay mai vo tam), ngi ta dung chau kep ma ghep t la. trong loai nay, ket cau ma ghep co khac, kha phc tap , khong kep bang vt, ma hay dung chot trn vi lo xo. cac may t ong gia cong loai chi tiet tinh vi chnh xac , lac ct be, lo chau kep c mai nhan e be mat cho kep cua chi tiet khong b h hong. Trong cac may ln, ngi ta lam be mat lo chau kep nham e tang ma sat gia phoi va cac ma hay cac mieng lot cua chau. IV.1.2.4.6.1. Cac loai chau kep phoi Co ba phng phap kep phoi va ng vi o la ba loai kep . Loai I : Chau co mat con thuan, khi kep phoi can lc nen chau kep theo Loai II : Chau co mat con ngc, khi kep phoi can lc keo chau kep theo chieu doc. Loai III : Chau co mat con ngc, khi kep phoi can lc bop au chau kep theo hng knh . a. Phng phap kep 1 va cac laoi chau kep I Cam 1 cua truc phan phoi hay truc phu ay ly hp 2 ve ben trai. Can 3 co tam quay co nh, mot au nang len, au kia tien ve ben phai , ay nen ong 4 va chau kep 5 . B ep trong mat con cua nap truc chnh, chau 5 kep chat phoi. Khi m thao phoi - qua trnh ngc lai di tac dung co tnh an hoi cua cac ma chau kep .

4 5

Q
H. IX.35. C cau kep loai 1

216

u iem : - Ket cau chau kep n gian, chau kep khong co phan cat ren . - Chau kep thep toi cng , chu nen tot hn chu keo . Khuyet iem : - o ong tam cua chau kep khong cao : uoi chau kep trt trong long truc chnh, au con cua chau kep vao mat con cua nap truc chnh (co nap la v kho gia cong mat con nh vay ngay trong truc chnh) ,nap ghep vi truc kho bao am o ong tam . - Lc cat doc truc ngc chieu vi lc kep Q, do o chau kep co the b ay lui va m ra, phoi chay lui trong qua trnh gia cong . - Goi chan phoi chong mon va chong hong : sau khi phong, phoi cham sat vao goi chan , luc kep - chau kep lai ay phoi tien ti mot t na, ep phoi cang manh vao goi chan. - Trong qua trnh phong phoi, do ma sat ln, co the xay ra hien tng la phoi keo chau kep theo, cac ma cua chau kep lai va gi khong cho phoi tien ti, lng phong phoi khong u, hong san pham . V nhng nhc iem tren, loai chau kep naykhong dung trong cac may t ong hien ai na . b-Phng phap kep II va loai chau kep II :

3 Q

4 5

H. IX.35. C cau kep phoi loai II

Ly hp 2 chay ve ben trai mot au can 3 nang len, au kia ta vao iem co nh , nen tam quay cua can 3 lui ve ben trai, keo ong kep 4 va chau kep 5 , phoi c kep chat . u iem :

217

- o ong tam cua chau kep tot : Mat con trong gia cong ngay truc chnh, cho nen o ong tam gia lo con va lo truc, trong truc chnh cao. - Lc cat doc cung chieu vi lc kep Q , nen kep phoi cang tot hn . - Goi chan phoi khong b lc kep tac dung them, lau hong. Trong qua trnh phong phoi khong b kep nh trc. Khuyet iem : - Lo con cua truc chnh mon, sa hay thay trc chnh kho va at hn thay nap truc co lo con nh tren. co the khac phuc iem nay bang cach lap tong au truc chnh cai bac co lo con, khi mon ch thay bac . Chau kep co phan cat ren e noi vi ong kep . o la cho yeu , hay b t .

- Chau kep bang thep toi cng, chu keo kem hn chu nen . - Lng phoi phong khong chnh xac lam, v sau khi phoi cham goi chan, chau kep lui e kep phoi, keo phoi lui theo. Lng phoi chay lui khac nhau, mot trong nhng nguyen nhan la ng knh cua phoi co dung sai khong nh nhau . Loai chau kep nay dung rat pho bien , nhat la trong may nhieu truc chnh , v kch thc cua no nho hn loai III . c- Phng phap kep III va chau kep III :
1

3 Q

H. IX.36. C cau kep ph6i loaiIII

Cam 1 ay ly hp 2 chay sang phai, mot au can 3 b ep xuong, au khac tc vao iem co nh, cho nen nh cau 3 ay ong 4 ve ben phai, chan kep 5 khong the trt doc, cac ma b mat con trong cua ong 4 bop lai va phoi c kep chat . khi ly hp 2 sang trai, do tnh an hoi cua chau kep 5 , ong 4 lui ve ben trai, phoi c tha long. u iem : C cau nay tranh c hau het cac khuyet iem cua hai loai tren :

218

- Bao am lng phoi phong chnh xac (ong kep khong di chuyen theo chieu truc ) . - Ong kep khong co cho yeu, khong co ren . - Lc kep truyen qua cac cau au ma, ng suat nen be, nen chau rat ben . Khuyet iem chu yeu la co ong bao ngoai chau kep, kch thc cua truc chnh ln. V the loai chau kep nay khong dung trong cac may t ong nhieu truc chnh (khoi truc chnh se rat ln ) ma ch dung trong may t ong mot truc chnh . Chau kep loai III cung thng dung trong cac loai may e gia cong chnh xac nhng chi tiet nho, lac cat be. Lc ay ong 4 do lo xo thc hien nen lc kep tng oi co nh mac du sai so kch thc cua phoi khac nhau . Khi thao long phoi , cam ay ly hp 2 ve ben trai, ep lo xo lai, chau kep an hoi , t m rong IV.1.2.5. Cac phng phap cat ren tren may t ong: 1) Gii thieu: Dung cu cat ren chu yeu la ban ren, dao rang lc, thng dung cat ren ngoai, chi tiet thng co ng knh nho. -May thng co hai truc chnh nam oi dien nhau, 1 truc mang phoi truc kia mang dung cu cat. Hai truc nay co the quay cung chieu hay ngc chieu nhau va co the thay oi van toc quay. -e ban ren t b mai mon, ta co the ieu chnh van toc khi cat va khi lui dao khac nhau. + Toc o cat tang khi hai truc quay ngc chieu nhau. + Toc o cat giam khi hai truc quay cung chieu. N(gia cong) = n(foi) n (dung cu cat) Dau (+):Khi hai truc quay khac chieu Dau (-):Khi hai truc quay cung chieu * Sau ay la mot so phng phap cat ren tren may t ong, cac k hieu se dung: npt _ so vong quay trong mot phut cua truc phoi khi tien ngoai. npcr_ so vong quay trong mot phut cua truc phoi khi cat ren nplr_ so vong quay trong mot phut cua truc phoi khi lui ren ndcr _ so vong quay trong mot phut cua truc dung cu khi cat ren ndlr _ so vong quay trong mot phut cua truc dung cu khi lui ren ncr _ so vong quay trong mot phut cho phep khi cat ren nlr _ so vong quay trong mot phut cho phep khi lui ren *So vong quay cho phep khi cat ren:

n cr =

1000 .v cr .d

219

Gom 7 Phng Phap: : Chieu quay khi cat ren. : Chieu quay khi lui ren. a)Phng phap 1:

Nguyen ly: + Khi cat: -Phoi ng yen, npcr =0, ndcr = ncr, -Dung cu quay thuan, ndcr = ncr +Khi lui: - Phoi ng yen, nplr =0 -Dung cu quay ngc lui ra, ndlr = nlr b)Phng phap 2:

+ khi cat: - Phoi quay thuan, npcr = ncr; -Dung cu khong quay, tien vao, ndcr =0 +Khi lui: - phoi quay ngc, nplr = nlr - dung cu khong quay, lui ra;ndlr =0 - Phng phap nay dung tren may tien revolve - Nhc iem: Chu k lui dao ra cua ban dao ngang, khong the tiep tuc gia cong nguyen cong cat t ( cat t phoi tren may tien) c)Phng phap 3:

Nguyen ly:

Nguyen ly: + khi cat: -Phoi khong quay; npcr=0, -Nhng dung cu cat quay;ndcr= ncr + Khi lui: -Phoi quay,nplr = nlr, -Dung cu khong quay, va lui ra; nplr = 0 Dung e gia cong nhng chi tiet be tren may tien t ong. d)Phng phap 4:

220

Nguyen ly: + Khi cat: - Phoi quay; npcr=npt - Dung cu cat quay cung chieu vi phoi nhng nhanh hn; ndcr = npt+ ncr + Khi lui: -Phoi quay nh cu; nplr=0, - Dung cu cat khong quay;ndlr =0 + Phng phap nay dung nhieu tren may tien t ong nhieu truc, may tien t ong nh hnh doc 1 truc. + Nhc iem: ban ren mau b mon ( do van toc lui nhanh) e)Phng phap 5: -S o:

Nguyen ly: +khi cat:- Phoi quay; npcr = npt, -Dung cu cat quay cung chieu vi phoi, nhng nhanh hn; ndcr =npt+ ncr + Khi lui ren: -Phoi quay nh cu,nplr = npt, -Dung cu cat quay cung chieu phoi nhng cham hn; ndlr = npt -nlr - Phng phap nay ap dung nhieu tren may tien t ong nhieu truc. f)Phng phap 6: + Phng phap dung ban ren t m: ban ren sau khi cat xong, t ong m ra va lui ve nhanh. + Gom hai cach cat: a) Dung phng php ct uI

Nguyen ly: +Khi cat: -Phoi quay, npcr = npt, -Dung cu cat quay cung chieu vi phoi, nhng nhanh hn; ndcr = npt +ncr

221

+ Khi lui: -Phoi van quay, nplr = npt -Nhng dung cu cat khong quay; ndlr = 0 b) Phng Phap Khong Cat uoi: + Khi cat: -phoi quay nhanh,npcr =ncr -dung cu cat khong quay; ndcr =0 + Khi lui:- Phoi quay ngc lai; nlr=ncr -Dung cu cat khong quay; ndlr =0. - Phng phap nay thng dung tren cac may t ong chuyen dung. g)Phng phap 7: Dung ban ren lc:

+ Khi cat: -Phoi quay,npcr =ncr, -Dung cu cat khong quay ma tnh tien hng knh, at en chieu sau cat; ndcr = 0 + Khi lui: -Phoi quay theo chieu ngc lai; nplr = ncr -Dung cu cat khong quay; ndlr = 0 -Phng phap nay dao tnh tien vao ung chieu sau, sau o lui ra,tien ve v tr cu ben phai. - Phng phap nay tuy cham nhng tot hn cac phng phap khac, nen c dung nhieu cac nganh c kh chnh xac. + So vong quay (n) can thiet khi cat ren. + He so qui dan: n + Z: so vong ren can cat C r = FT = 2 10 n or + L: chieu dai oan co ren + T: bc ren n = C .Z = C . L
r r T

* Bai Tap Ap Dung : + Dung phng phap cat uoi,cat ren theo ban ve tren may t ong nh hnh doc:

Cac so lieu cho trc: vt = 75 m/f, Vcr = 6 m/f 1000.75 = 3400.(v / f ) , chon theo van toc co tren may: Ta tnh: n f = 3,14.7

222

n = 3600 (v/f). So vong quay khi cat ren: nr = 382 v/f So vong quay dung cu cat: nf + nr =3600 +382 = 3982 (v/f) Cr =3600/382 = 9,4 1 18 = 22.5 , e tranh va ap can lay them, So vong ren can cat: Z = = t 0.8 Z = 1,5 vong Vay so vong ren can cat la: Z = 22,5 + 1,5 = 24 vong. So vong quay can thiet khi cat ren: n f = z.Cr = 24. 9,4 = 228 vong. L 20 = = 400.(vong ). So vong quay can thiet khi tien: nt = S t 0.05 So vong quay can thiet cua truc phoi e gia cong chi tiet: n = 400 + 228 = 628 (vong). + So vong quay cua truc dung cu tuy thuoc vao ng knh cua chi tiet gia cong.

V. S o ong may thuoc nhom 2: V.1. May tien t ong nhieu truc: V.1. 2. Nguyen ly lam viec:
La loai may tien co nhieu truc chnh c at theo phng ngang va thang ng dung e mang phoi hoac dao chuyen ong quay tron, tat ca cac truc lap chung vi nhau tao thanh bo truc chnh. Hnh minh hoa:

H. IX.28. S o truc chnh may nhieu truc

ac iem: dung e gia cong chi tiet t phoi thanh hoac t phoi uc Ap dung cho dang san xuat hang loat ln va hang khoi. Phng phap song song: cac ban dao thc hien gia cong cung mot luc phng phap noi tiep: cac ban dao thc hien gia cong chi tiet mot cach co th t. Nguyen ly lam viec:

223

1.Truc chnh, so lng 6 truc 2.Chu vi khoi truc chnh 3.Ban dao ngang, so lng 6 ban lap xung quanh khoi truc chnh 4.Truc tam co lap ban dao doc (5) phuc vu cho tat ca cac truc chnh, + Ban dao doc co dang 6 canh moi canh co ban trt e ga dao, tng ng vi tng truc chnh. + Cac ban dao ngang nay nhan chuyen ong t cac cam rieng le. + Ban dao doc nhan chuyen ong t mot cam chung, tren ban dao doc co the lap 1 gia dao trt c ieu khien t mot cam rieng biet. -Cac truc chnh nhan chuyen ong t truc (6) qua banh rang trung tam (7). -Khi gia cong thi gian gia cong gan nh nhau tat ca cac v tr. -Neu nguyen cong qua dai th co the phan ra thanh nhieu v tr ke tiep thc hien bang nhng dao cat khac nhau, en v tr cuoi cung la cat t chi tiet va chuan b e gia cong chi tiet tiep theo. -e truc chnh mang phoi t v tr nay en v tr khac nh mong muon, khoi truc chnh (2) thc hien chuyen ong 1 goc theo chu ky sau o khoa chat lai e tien hanh gia cong. V.1.2. ac tnh ky thuat: May tien t ong 6 truc 1240 - 6k: ac iem ky thuat: may tien t ong 6 truc 1b240 - 6k la loai may co o chnh xac cao, co hnh dang chung sau ay:

H. IX.29. Cac bo phanc ban may 1 240-6k

- Cac bo phan chnh cua may gom: than may (1), truc trc (2), mang khoi truc chnh (3), lap 6 truc chnh nam ngang, truc sau (4) noi lien vi truc trc bang ban ngang (5), (6); ban dao doc,(7); truc chnh; (8va 9) cac ban ngang, gia phoi dan hng (10). * ac tnh ky thuat cua may: - So lng truc chnh: 6 - ng knh dmax: cua chi tiet gia cong 40 mm - Chieu dai ln nhat cua phoi thanh: 180 mm - So cap vong uay cua truc chnh: 39 - So vong quay truc chnh: n = 140 1660 v/f - So lng ban dao doc; 1 - Ngang: 6

224

Hanh trnh ln nhat cua ban dao doc: Ngang: Cong suat ong c chnh: V.1.3. S o ong: + S o ong cua may 1 240-6K

sd = 180 mm sn = 80 mm n = 15 kw

H. IX.30. S o ong may 1 240-6K

* Xch truyen ong chnh: a) Xch truc phoi:

. . . . = nf 330 57 b b 36 - Bo banh rang thay the am bao so vong quay cua truc chnh mang phoi khi lam viec bnh thng nf =140 1600v/f, khi chay nhanh nf = 1402500 v/f. b) Xch truyen ong chnh cua truc khoan nhanh: - Sau khi biet van toc cat ta co so vong quay nf cua truc phoi t o co the tnh vong quay cua truc khoan nhanh: 36 60 40 nk = n f . . . 48 30 S n 36 60 Ta xac nh banh rang thay the: S = k . . .40. n f 48 30 1450.
Chuyen ong tng oi cua truc (IX) khi khoan nhanh la: nkn=nf + nk c) Xch chuyen ong chnh cua truc khoet doa:

230 48 a c 48

225

- e khoet hay doa ngi ta cung lap li khoet hoac dao vao truc dung cu IX quay cung chieu vi truc phoi nhng van toc nho hn. -Xch bat nguon t truc trung tam (III) va ket thuc vi banh rang thay the (p) lap 60 30 tren truc (IX) vi cac t so truyen. . 25 p d) Xch chuyen ong chnh cua truc cat ren: - Cat ren co 2 xch: xch cat ren va xch thao ren. Truc cat ren cung la truc dung cu lap ban ren hay taro, khi cat ren phai, xch cat ren thc hien chuyen ong cung chieu nhng cham hn truc phoi, phoi i vao ban ren. Khi thao ren xch thao ren cung quay cung chieu, nhng nhanh hn truc phoi, phoi ri khoi ban ren, khi cat ren trai th ngc lai. + Xch cat ren: truc dung cu IX nhan truyen ong t truc trung tam III, qua i k bo banh rang thay the . j l 30 52 60 Bo ly hp ien t l6, cac cap banh rang . . 52 57 43 Luc nay ly hp ien t m dung cu cat ren lap tren tru IX se cat ren phai + Xch thao ren: khi thao ren phai xch thao ren cung bat au t truc trung i 52 60 . quay tam (III), cap banh rang thay the , ly hp l5, cac cap banh rang j 57 43 nhanh truc dung cu (IX) luc nay ly hp l6 m, phoi ri khoi dao cat. Khi cat ren vi ban ren t m, truc dung cu (ix) van tiep tuc quay nh cu sau khi cat ren xong. T van toc cat va ng knh cua ban ren ta xac nh so vong quay cat ren nr can thiet. T o ta co so vong quay nd cua truc dung cu khi cat ren: nd = nf nr e)Xch truc phan phoi FF: Phng trnh chuyen ong khi lam viec cua truc ff la: 230 48 a c 32 e g 47 22 28 1 1450. . . . . . . . . . . = n FF 330 57 b d 63 f h 63 22 67 42 e g Bo banh rang thay the . , am bao ieu chnh cac so vong quay khac nhau cua f h truc phan phoi. 29 28 1 . - ff - (VII)-Khi chay nhanh, ly hp l1 m, l2 tren truc 1 ong 20 67 42 khi ong ly hp ien t l1 hoac l2, ly hp l4 phai m ra va ly hp ham l3 phai ong lai, ong m cac ly hp l1, l2 do cac cam trong ieu khien (1) lap tren truc x thc hien

226

- Trong ieu khien nhan truyen ong t truc ff qua cac cap banh rang vi t 65 65 65 so truyen . . =1 65 65 65 - Chuyen ong ieu chnh cua truc ff dung e lam nhe nhang cong viec ieu chnh, chuyen ong nay do ong c d2 thc hien co n =1,5 kw va n= 950 v/f 16 46 28 1 . -l4 -(VII) . en truc ff. 46 47 67 42 - Khi o xch chuyen ong ieu chnh ly hp l1,l2 m ra. e ieu chnh truc ff bang tay ta dung tay quay lap vao au truc (VIII). f)Xch phan o: - Sau khi gia cong c mot oan chi tiet, khoi truc chnh mang phoi (2) can quay 1/6 vong e chuyen ong truc phoi t v tr nay sang v tr khac. 60 80 - T truc FF - Mal(3- ( a cam co 4 ranh) - . ,tc la: 50 144 60 80 1 - 1v. Truc FF.1/4 (c cau mal). . . = (v). khoi truc phoi. 50 144 6 - Trc khi quay khoi truc chnh mang phoi can phai thao chot va nang no len khoi goi mot ai lng ( 0,3 0,4 mm) e o truc chnh mon. ong thi vi viec quay khoi truc phoi, khoi cac ong dan phoi (4) cung c 144 24 , truc (xi) va cap banh rang . quay ong bo qua cap banh rang 24' 144 C cau chay dao va kep phoi c thc hien t cam (5) lap tren truc ff qua cac he thong on bay (6). g)Xch tai phoi: Xch nay dung e quay guong xoan (7) tai phoi ra khoi may. Xch c thc hien t ong c ien 3, 1 Co n = 1,1kw va n= 1400 v/f qua truc vt banh vt 110 h)Xch chay dao: - Chuyen ong chay dao ngang cua cac ban dao ngang, ban dao doc eu do cac cam lap tren truc ff thc hien qua cac he thong on bay. -Cac cam (8) tren truc ff va va cam (9) tren truc (XII) thc hien lng chay dao cua cac ban dao ngang. -Cam (10) dung e thc hien lng di ong oc lap cua gia dao hoac cac truc chnh dung cu lap tren ban dao doc, vi s phoi hp cua cac he thong on bay, Cam (11) thc hien lng chay dao nhanh va lam viec cua ban dao doc.

V.1.4. Cac c cau ieu khien ac biet tren may:

Cac c cau ac biet may tien t ong 1b240-6k: a) Ban dao ngang:

227

-Cac ban dao ngang cua may t ong 6 truc 1b240-6k c bo tr nh hnh sau:

Hai ban dao ngang di thc hien cho 2 v tr gia cong (I) va (II), hai ban dao gia thc hien cho hai v tr gia cong (III) va (VI), va hai ban dao ngang tren phuc vu v tr (IV) va (V). -Hai ban dao c lap tren xa ngang cua may cac ban dao con lai lap tren mat au cua than khoi truc chnh mang phoi. -Toan bo truyen ong cua cac ban dao ngang c thc hien t cac cam rieng le lap tren truc FF, ket cau cua chung khac khong ang ke, do v tr cua chung khac nhau. -ieu khien cac ban dao ngang tren (1) va (2) la cac cam (3) va (4) lap tren truc FF lam lac l tay on (5) va(6) tay on nay truyen chuyen ong cho con trt (5) va (7) lam di ong ban trt (8) c lap chat vi ban dao (9). -Ban dao chuyen ong tren song trt phang (10), c co nh vao xa ngang (11). -e ieu chnh ban dao ngang ta dung vt me (12) vi a chia o (13), lo xo (14) giup cho viec lui ban dao c nhanh, vt me (15) cua u t (16)lap chat trong ranh ch T cua ban dao dung e ieu chnh chnh xac v tr bien pha trc cua ban dao. b) Ban dao doc cua may t ong 6 truc:

H. IX.31. Ban dao ngang

-Ban dao doc (1) la mot khoi lang tru 6 mat co the di ong tren truc ong (2) tren cac mat lang tru co ranh e lap cac loai dao cat hay truc chnh dung cu (

H. IX.32. Ban dao d

228

khoan, doa, taro ) c cau trt (3) cua ban dao doc di ong tren song trt (4) lap tren xa ngang cua than may, e ngan can ban dao doc (1) quay chung quanh truc ong (2). -Di ong ban dao doc nh thanh on (5) va he thong on bay (6) noi lien vi khp noi (7), co the ieu chnh v tr tren tam trt (8) cho phu hp vi hanh trnh lam viec cua ban dao, tren cam (11) co ranh cong tac a va ranh chay nhanh b. Hai ranh nay ieu khien lng di ong cua thanh bay (9)va (10) lam cho tam trt (8) quay chung quanh tam o1 va o2. -Ket qua: chuyen ong tng oi cua hai thanh ay (9) va(10) he thong on bay (6) se di ong ban dao (1) ti, lui nhanh hay cham. - Cam (11) v tr A the hien thi iem au cua hanh trnh tien dao nhanh, v tr B bat au hanh trnh lam viec; v tr C bat au hanh trnh lui dao nhanh

V.2. Cac phng phap kep phoi

- C cau kep t ong : toan bo qua trnh kep, ke ca viec phat lenh, c t ong hoa hoan toan. ay la mot trong nhng c cau quan trong phan biet may t ong vi may na t ong. Trong phan nay ch xet c cau kep phoi t ong, chu yeu la chau kep phoi, v no ien hnh va pho bien.

229

VI. S o ong may thuoc nhom 3:

VI.1. May tien t ong revolve: VI.1. 1. Nguyen ly lam viec: - La loai may dung au revolve e ga lap dao, tren au gan nhieu dao. - Khi thay dao au revolve se xoay tron xung quanh no mot goc e v tr dao ke tiep, au revolve co the lap tren ban dao ng hoac ngang. - Chuyen ong cua ban dao la chuyen ong hng knh do ban dao ng va ngang thc hien. - Chuyen ong truc chnh mang phoi la chuyen ong doc truc. - Phoi c dung tren may thong thng la phoi thanh. V du minh hoa:

H. IX.37. S o minh hoa may nhom III

VI.1. 2. ac tnh ky thuat - May ien hnh la may tien t ong revolve 1a140 Dung gia cong nhng chi tiet co ng knh:d 40, l 60 mm. - Phoi co tiet dien nh hnh tron, vuong, 6 canh . 1. Than may 2. ong c chnh 3. Hop toc o 4. Hop thiet b ien, thiet b ao chieu, he thong boi trn va lam nguoi. 5. U truc chnh 6. C cau phong va kep phoi 7. Ban dao 8. Ban dao ngang va doc 9. au revolve 10.Truc lap cam 11.Cam ieu khien lng chay dao 12. Hop chay dao 13. Truc phan phoi ngang

230

14. Gia gi mieng dan hng cho phoi thanh. Ef: Truc phan phoi doc E: Truc phu Hnh dang chung cua may t ong revolve:

H. IX.38. Cac bo phan c ban may nhom III

ac tnh ky thuat: Dphoi max: 40 mm lchi tiet max: lphoi thanh max: So ban dao ngang va ng: So cap van toc truc chnh: ntien: ncat ren: Vtruc phu: Thi gian gia cong: nong c chnh: Kch thc tong quat: 60 mm 3000 mm 03 z = 18 n = 56 5038 (v/f) n= 192 555 (v/f) nf = 150 (v/f) 2 200 s n = 2,8 kw 4300 x 625x1330 (mm)

231

VI.1. 3. S o ong cua may S o ong may 1b140

H. IX.39.S o ong may nhom III

* S o ong cua may 1b140 c trnh bai tren, co xch truyen ong nh sau: VI.1. 3. 1. Xch toc o: - Xch thc hien t d1 co n = 7 kw, n = 1440 (v/f) lam quay truc 1 cua hp toc o (a), t truc I truyen en truc( ii) qua 3 xch oc lap thc hien 3 t so truyen: 27 - z68 / z53 - (II)= nnho Neu 2 ly hp ien t l1 va l2 eu m ( II)68 27 42 42 va =n ( truc quay nhanh. +Neu ong ly hp l1, ly hp 1 chieu l 68 53 53 58 27 - (II) = nmax ,( vong quay ln nhat cho truc II). Neu ong ly hp l2 37' 68'

232

47 212 A - III, - l3 , truc chnh mang phoi thc hien 3 chuyen B 47 170' ong nhanh theo chieu trai, 24 40 212 + Neu ong ly hp l4 lam truc chnh quay theo chieu phai vi . . 40 60 170 3 cap van toc thap, + Cac ly hp ien t l1, l2,l3,l4 c ong m mot cach t ong theo chng trnh lap tren bang ieu khien. VI.1. 3. 2.Xch truc phu: + Truc F nhan truyen ong t ong c 2 co n = 1,1 Kw va n = 1440 v/ f 2 - ly hp vau (1), ong m ly hp vau nay dung tay gat (2) 24 + Chot an toan (3) dung phong qua tai cho truc F va truc FF, tay quay (4) au ben phai cua truc F dung e quay truc F khi ieu chnh may. -Vi xch truyen ong tren truc F luon quay vi so vong quay khong oi 2 n f = 1440. = 120(v / f ) = 2(v / s ) 24 1.3.3/ Xch phong phoi: 1 e quay c cau ieu khien (5) ong Tren truc f co lap truc vt banh vt 18 cac ly hp ien t hop toc o. 36 72 Neu ong ly hp (6) - F . - (v)- cam thung (8) va (9) e ieu chnh 72 72 phong phoi va kep chat phoi. 1.3.4/ Xch quay au revolve: 42 84 25 - (VI), -c cau mal (11), quay phan o . + Neu ong ly hp (1084 42 50' au revolve (12) 1 goc 60o. + Cam mat au lap ong truc vi banh rang con z50 dung e ong chot nh v (13) cua au revolve qua he thong on bay. VI.1. 3. 3. Xch truc phan phoi: + Xch truc phan phoi FF bat au t truc F - hp chay dao b vi 2 ng truyen e en truc (IX): 22 64 a c e . - . . =n ff (khi lam viec) Qua 64 55 b d f 55 57 62 . . se cho - FF vi van toc nhanh khi chay khong Qua cac banh rang 31 62 38 -l (14) - cam (15) lap tren truc ffn. + Truc phan phoi ban dao: truc vt banh vt 1 25 1 - ffnva truc vt ban vt = nffd. 40 25 40 So vong quay cua hai phan truc phan phoi la nh nhau va bang:
T truc II -

233

55 57 62 1 . . . = 8(v / f ) khi chay khong 31 6238 38 40 Cam thung (17) thc hien lng chay dao doc (18),cac cam thung (19),(20),(21),dung e ong m cac ly hp tng ng Ly hp (7): dung e quay c cau ieu khien (5) lam thay oi van toc trong hp toc o, ly hp (6) dung phong va kep chat phoi; ly hp (10): dung e quay au revolve, cam (22) tren truc x dung e quay on bay va cung rang banh rang 125 , dung quay goi chan phoi (23) vao v tr oi dien vi truc chnh, trc luc 20 phong phoi. Phong phoi xong no a goi chan ve v tr ban au, hai cam a (24) ieu khien lng chay dao cua hai ban da ng (26); hai cam a (25) ieu khien 2 ban dao ngang (27). Tren truc phan phoi ngang ffn co lap cam a (28) dung e di ong doc 85 va cung rang- banh rang ban mang au revolve(12), cam (16) vi 2 cung rang 85 70 quay mang (29) e hng lay chi tiet gia cong xong. 18 VI.1. 3. 6. Xch truc dung cu o: Nham quay nhanh mui khoan hoac taro lap tren truc dung cu ( mot trong 6 lo cua au revolve ) may con co xch truc DC bat nguon t ong c ien 3 co: 24 17 en truc dung cu ( DC ). . N = 0.4 kw, n = 1400 v/f, qua cac cap banh con 18 17 Khi truc DC quay ngc chieu vi truc chnh mang phoi se cho van toc cat rat cao e khoan nhng lo co ng knh nho. N FF = N F .
VI.1. 3. 7. Xch tai phoi: Xch tai phoi bat au t truc f qua cap banh xch

ly hp vau (3) quay bang vt tai phoi (31). VI.2. C cau ac biet may 1b140: VI.2. 1. Ly hp t ong quay 1 vong: Tren cac may t ong revolve noi chung khi thc hien xong mot nguyen cong, cap phai cho xch quay au revolve lam viec sau o phai t ong cat xch truyen ong. -Thc hien nhiem vu nay ngi ta dung ly hp t ong quay mot vong, ly hp (10), cung nh ly hp ( 6) tren (H. IX.40) S o ket cau cua ly hp nay c trnh bay tren hnh (H. IX.40).

18 2 , truc vt banh vt 12 36

234

H. IX.40. S o c cau ly hp quay 1 vong

- Bo phan (1) cua ly hp c lap chat tren truc ep va phan (2) th long khong, pha ben phai cua phan (2) co vau dai di trt trong ranh cua banh rang Z= 42, khi can (2) vao khp vi phan (1) no cung van nam trong ranh, lo xo (3) luon luon ay phan (2) ve ben trai nhng b chot 4 nam trong ranh no gi lai. - ieu khien ly hp c ieu khien t truc FF ( hnh C ), vau t 5 lap tren cam (6) nang can (7) quay quanh truc cua no, lam cho chot (4) rut ra khoi ranh cua phan (2), va nh the lo xo (3) se ay no sang trai vao khp vi bo phan (1), cung luc o chot cam (8) lap tren can (7) cung rut ra khoi ranh lang tru cua phan (2) cung banh rang Z = 42 quay mot vong, chot (4) va (8) trt tren mat ngoai cua vong 2. VI.2. 2. Ban dao revolve: S o ban dao revolve may 1b140: - Ban dao nhan chuyen ong t hai nguon t truc FF e thc hien lng chay dao doc Sd va t truc F e quay au revolve theo chu ky.

H. IX.41. S o au Revlove

-Chuyen ong chay dao doc cua au dao revolve do cam (1) lap phan nam ngang cua truc FF thc hien qua cung rang (2) an khp vi thanh rang (3) lap tren ban dao revolve. Khi ban dao revolve di ong banh rang dai Z =42 cung di ong doc theo banh rang Z =84.

235

Lo xo (4) luon luon lam cho con lan (5) tiep xuc vi be mat cam (1) Do o khi cam quay theo chieu kim ong ho, cho loi cua cam se lam cho ban dao di ong ve pha trc thc hien lng chay dao doc Sd. Luc nay lo xo (4) b nen lai (v au trai cua lo xo co nh than may au phai gan vi ban dao revolve) va tam cua truc (VII) cung chot A,B cua thanh truyen cung nam tren 1 ng thang. Khi gia cong xong con lan (5) ha xuong theo ng cong chay khong cua cam (1), di tac dung cua lo xo (4) ban dao revolve lui nhanh ve v tr cu. Luc nay au revolve se thc hien phan o, quay 1/6 vong, chuyen ong nay thc hien t bo ly hp t ong quay 1 vong a noi tren, lam quay banh rang Z =42 lap truc F, sau o qua banh rang trung gian Z =84, banh rang dai Z =42 va 25 lam quay truc (VII). cap banh rang con 50 -au (VII) co lap c cau thanh truyen tay quay (7) va (6). -Khi tay quay (6) quay na vong t trai qua iem chet ben phai, thanh truyen (7) mang ban dao revolve lui nhanh ve sau, e tao cho rong thc hien viec quay au revolve,luc nay, lo xo (4) cung gop phan lam lui nhanh ban dao revolve cung luc cam mat au (8) lap tren truc viiay can (9) rut chot nh v (10) ra khoi lo khoa chat au revolve. Sau o chot (11) cua a (12) lap tren truc viii vao ranh cua a mal (13) quay au revolve 1 goc 60o. -Di tac dung cua lo xo (14) chot (10) lai i vao lo nh v va khoa chat au revolve Truc (VII) tiep tuc quay tay quay (6) t iem chet phai ve iem chet trai a ban dao revolve tien nhanh ve v tr cu e chuan b gia cong, luc o ly hp t ong tren truc F m ra, truc (VI) ngng chuyen ong sau khi quay ung 1 vong. -Neu muon cho au revolve quay khi truc F quay 2 vong, can phai lam cho bo ly hp t ong quay 1 vong (10 ) khong ong lai khi truc F quay xong vong th nhat e at c ieu o, tren truc (XI) ta lap cam (32) e ong ly hp t ong sau khi truc F quay vong th hai. VI.2. 3. Ban dao ngang: Ban dao ngang cua may 1b140 bao gom nhng ban dao co chuyen ong thang goc vi truc cu chi tiet gia cong. Hai ban dao ngang pha trc va pha sau va hai ban dao ng, ban dao pha trc lai co mot song trt doc, nen ban than no cung c coi la ban doc nen m rong trem rat nhieu kha nang cong nghe cua may.

S o ket cau ban dao ngang:

236

H. IX.42. S o ban dao ngang

Cac ban dao ngang cua cac loai may tien t ong revolve ve c ban giong nhau, ch khac ket cau ban dao ngang pha trc. -Cac ban dao eu chuyen ong theo cac song trt lap tren than may, moi ban dao nhan c chuyen ong t cam lap tren truc phan phoi FF ban dao ngang pha trc (1) nhan truyen ong t cam (2) qua con lan (3), he thong tay on (40, he thong cung rang- thanh rang (5) thc hien lng chuyen ong lng chay dao ngang S1, ban dao ngang pha trc cua may (1b140) con co the thc hien lng chay dao doc Sd theo ranh trt cua ban dao ngang nh he thong con lan thanh chep hnh. -Tng t, ban dao ngang pha sau (6) c truyen t cam (7) qua c cau cung rang thanh rang (8) he thong on bay (9) va cung rang thanh rang (10) ban dao ng (11) he thong cam (12) cung rang thanh rang (13) va on bay (14). -Tat ca cac ban dao eu co the ieu chnh nh cac vt me (15) va co the tr ve v tr ban au nh cac lo xo at ben trong ban may.

237

IEU CHNH MAY TIEN T ONG

238

IEU CHNH MAY T ONG

I. Noi dung cong viec ieu chnh: I. 1. Lap ban ve I. 2. Chuan b may, dung cu cat, phoi, o ga I. 3. S o bo tr ban dao I. 4. Lap s o gia cong I. 5. Xac nh che o cat I. 6. Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe I. 7. Lap phieu ieu chnh I. 8. Lap chu trnh lam viec I. 9. Thiet ke cam I. 1. Lap ban ve: - Thiet ke ban ve, a kch thc va yeu cau ky thuat len ban ve. I. 2. Chon may, dao, phoi, o ga: + ay la cong viec au tien va rat quan trong, no quyet nh en tien o san xuat, chat lng chi tiet va gia thanh cua san pham. + Chon may, dung cu cat phu hp vi thiet b tai nha may co san + Chon may phu hp vi ieu kien nang suat Q va K + Chon phoi phu hp vi yeu cau ky thuat. + o ga, dung cu kep am bao o cng vng va thao lap de dang. I. 3. S o bo tr ban dao:

CHNG X

H. X.1. S o bo tr dao va u truc phoi

I. 4. Lap s o gia cong: S o gia cong bao gom cac cong viec: + Xac nh cac th t nguyen cong gia cong, va v tr cac nguyen cong. + Cac thong so, n, v, st (so vong quay, van toc cat, va lng chay dao).

239

+ Cac s o nguyen cong phai co t le nhat nh va kch thc ay u. + Co the co nhieu s o gia cong cho mot chi tiet, v vay phai chon phng an tot nhat, em lai nang suat cao va gia thanh ha. S o gia cong: - Co nhieu phng an gia cong, phoi thanh hay phoi ri rac , t o ta chon phng an toi u nhat. - Dung phoi thanh e gia cong chi tiet va gia cong mot lan (tren mot nguyen cong). Chu y: Co gang cho trung nhieu nguyen cong gia cac ban dao va au revolve, gia cac hanh trnh chay khong va hanh trnh lam viec. STT Bc cong nghe Hnh ve Dung cu cat Dao tien mat au BK6 Bk6 tien tru ngoai P18 dao cat t Day 3 x 20 Kch thc Vat 6 phang

01

Vat mat dau

02

Tien tru ngoai 6 x 15 Cat t dung chieu dai L

6 x15

03

6 x 10

Nguyen cong tho gia cong trc, nguyen cong tinh gia cong sau tranh trung nguyen cong e am bao o chnh xac gia cong. Khi khoan lo co ng knh be hn 10 mm, can nh tam vi mui khoan ln hn. Nguyen cong nh tam va vat goc tien hanh cung mot luc. Khi khoan lo co nhieu bac; khoan lo co ng knh ln trc, sau o khoan lo nho hn. (phng phap nay s dung oi vi nhng chi tiet co o cng va o deo cao) - Muc ch lam ngan hanh trnh va thi gian lam viec. - Mui khoan lam viec em hn va tuoi tho cao hn - Co the gia cong c cac vat lieu cng hn Khi khoan lo sau: - Lan 1: L1 3d, (d: ng knh mui khoan) - Lan 2: L2 2d - Lan 3: L3 d, - Muc ch: Tranh cho mui khoan khong b ket cung vi chi tiet, dan en xoay mui khoan hoac chi tiet. - Thoat phoi de dang

240

Gia cong vi dao nh hnh: - Ta dung hai dao: Mot dao tho va mot dao tinh, kch thc dao ung bang kch thc nguyen cong can gia cong. - Cho trung nguyen cong tien nh hnh vi nguyen cong khoan lo(nguyen cong gia cong bang dao tinh) e am bao o ong tam chi tiet: o ong tam gia ng knh ngoai va ng knh trong chi tiet co nhieu bac, can gia cong cung mot v tr. Can cho thi gian ngh cua dung cu cat cuoi hanh trnh trong cac nguyen cong, nham lam tang o bong be mat gia cong. I. 5. Xac nh che o cat: -Che o cat gom: - Lng chay dao S (mm/vong) -Van toc cat V(m/phut) - So vong quay truc chnh: n (vong /phut) 1000.V 318,5.V = (vong /phut) T cong thc: n = .D D (D: ng knh chi tiet gia cong) - Tuy yeu cau ve ng knh, chieu sau va chieu dai, xac nh c lng chay dao bang cach tra bang. - Vi S c xac nh, chon van toc V tng ng, tuy thuoc vao vat lieu va cac thong so gia cong Biet V: Xac nh n (so vong quay), chon n gan vi so vong quay ma may co cho bc nguyen cong, can gia cong. Chon che o cat: + Lng d cat: chon lng d cat la be nhat, e giam chi ph san xuat. Toc o cat: ap dung phng phap cat toc o cao, dung cu cat la hp kim cng. + Khi tien thep C45 co the chon: v = 400 450 (m/f), thep cng: v = 200 250 (m/ f) + Khi gia cong nhieu dung cu nen chon che o cat thap hn. * e gia cong co hieu qua can: - Chon ung kim loai lam dung cu - Cac thong so hnh hoc cua dung cu - Mai sat dung cu e tang tuoi tho - Dung cu cat cng vng - o ga s dung phai linh hoat - Lam nguoi tot Lng chay dao: L - ieu chnh theo cong thc: S = S o . Lo

S,l: lng chay dao va chieu dai gia cong cho nguyen cong can tnh So, lo: lng chay dao va chieu dai gia cong cho nguyen cong gii han. Neu s giam th tuoi tho tang (s cat t 0.02 mm/vong)

241

 Tuoi tho cua dung cu: - Theo kinh nghiem co the lay: T = 120 phut Khi gia cong vi o chnh xac cap 3 tr len, chon tuoi tho theo dung sai I. 6. Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe: - Nhiem vu: tnh toan thi gian thc hien tat ca cac nguyen cong. Hanh trnh lam viec va hanh trnh chay khong, va cac c cau khac, sau khi a co s o gia cong va che o cat. - Cac bc thc hien : a) Xac nh chieu dai hanh trnh lam viec: Chieu dai hanh trnh lam viec c tnh theo cong thc sau: L = L1 + L1: o dai gia cong : Khoang cach an toan nho nhat va o vt qua gia phoi va chi tiet. Neu ln: ton nhieu thi gian, can han che, l: Lay tuy thuoc vao ket cau cua ban dao, o ga cac bien phap lam viec cua may. (Mm)
Stt 01 02 03 Loai May T ong Ban Dao Doc Ban dao ngang

0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 Tien nh hnh ngang 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.5 Tien nh hnh doc 0.4 0.6 0.25 (ng knh phoi 18 (mm) 8 d 45 mm) Nhieu truc 0.5 1 0.2 0.5 04 0.5 2 0.5 1 Na t ong 05 Cat ren: = 2t (t: bc ren) Cat ren bang taro: l = 3mm Cat t chi tiet: 1 = 2 = 0.2 0.5mm b) Xac nh so lng vong quay va thi gian chnh: Neu goi i la ch so th t cac hanh trnh, th so vong quay cua hanh trnh o la: Ki: = Li / Si (vong) L i : chieu dai th i: Si: lng chay dao cua hanh trnh th i Do cac hanh trnh khac nhau nen so vong quay trong mot phut khac nhau khac nhau nen t le thi gian thc hien qua cac hanh trnh khac nhau, Li tang, Vi tang,T tang. e so vong quay t le vi thi gian tieu ph ta cong them he so qui dan:

242

Sau khi a xac nh thi gian can thiet e gia cong chi tiet: n He so qui dan: C i = to nti Nto: so vong quay c ban cua truc chnh / 1 phut (co the lay nto ln nhat) Nti: so vong uay trong mot phut cua truc chnh hanh trnh a cho. So lng vong quay cho hanh trnh th i: L K i = i .C i (vong) Ci K Thi gian can thiet cua hanh trnh th i trong mot phut: t li = i .60.( s ) nto Thi gian chnh, khong tnh thi gian trung: ki .60.( s ) Tl = Tli = nto Cong thc s bo: T = (1.25 1.3)T1 Nang suat cua may: =60 / T1 c) Xac nh s hoi hp gia cac nguyen cong: S phoi hp gia c cau chap hanh va c cau phu, thong qua cac hanh trnh lam viec cua chung. * Thng c bieu th tren so phan tram hoac 1 goc o cua mot vong quay cua truc phan phoi. 815 Nang suat Q (chi tiet / phut) 08 Nang 1mm =1,2o =1,5o Ha 1mm = 0.5o =1o Cam truc phan phoi c chia lam 100 phan, hay 360 o Xac nh phan tram chay khong. Neu goi : la so phan tram (hoac so goc cua cac hanh trnh chay khong cua truc phan phoi, th so phan tram hanh trnh cong tac se la: = 100 - hoac = 360o - neu 1 nguyen cong co so lng vong quay la Ki: th so phan tram hanh trnh lam viec ng vi Ki: so vong quay se la: i =

vong quay hanh trnh. I: la so nguyen tong so cua cac nguyen cong bang (tong so % hanh trnh cong tac). sau khi a tnh toan xong ta lap phieu ieu chnh: I. 7. Lap phieu ieu chnh: La phieu tap hp tat ca nhng thong so a c xac nh cac phan tren

Ki ,
i

:ng vi 1
i

243

Stt (1) 1 2

Bc gia cong (2) M ong kep phoi U phoi lui . . Tong cong

hi (3) 42 . . 0

Si (4)

nlvi (5)

Nlvi (6)

i
(7)

i
(8)

Gii han goc quay T en (9) (10) (11) (12) 10 0 10 21 10 31 .. . -

I. 8. Lap chu trnh lam viec: c bieu dien bang bieu o ghi cac bc lam viec cua, C cau chap hanh. Da vao cac goc quay , phieu ieu chnh: Bieu o thong dung (lap tren truc toa o thang goc) C Cau Chap Stt Chu trnh lam viec Cua Truc Phan Phoi Hanh I. 2 C Cau Phu 1 L Lam viec tien, kep lui, m Chay khong

%.............................50% ................................................... 100% 0o ............................180o ..................................................... 360o Chu trnh c bieu hien bang ng thang trong goc quay truc phan phoi Goc dng the hien tnh chat lam viec cua c cau (tien, kep) Goc am la hanh trnnh lui dao va m chi tiet ra Goc bang khong the hien chu trnh lam viec Goc e trong, c cau tng ng khong lam viec o nang ng thang (khi ve) at trng cho chieu dai di ong cua c cau chap hanh,da vao o ta co the so sanh o dai di ong cua cac c cau khac (khi ve cung mot t le), trong bang la kch thc L. I. 9. Thiet ke cam: Gom hai loai: thiet ke cam a va thiet ke cam a a) Thiet Ke Cam a: Tien hanh ve bien dang cam theo cac so lieu a c xac nh phieu ieu chnh. Nhng ng cong cua cam a phu thuoc vao nhng at iem chuyen ong cua c cau chap hanh.

244

Khi c cau chap hanh ng yen, ng cong cam la nhng cung tron ong tam vi truc quay, ay la ng cong chay khong: khi cam quay ong tam vi truc, th c cau ma cam tac ong se ng yen, hoac quay tron trang thai khong lam viec Khi c cau chap hanh lam viec, goc quay cam tng ng vi o dai hanh trnh cua c cau chap hanh, ng cong cong tac la ng cong arsimet (h = c. ). Khi chay khong tien hoac lui nhanh the hien bang ng cong parabol, c lay theo mau Cac ng cong khac nhau c noi bi cac cung tron. e tranh va ap con lan ch c tiep xuc vi ng cong mot iem. V vay ban knh cua cung tron phai ln hn ban knh con lan khoang 1 mm Cac thong so can xac nh: Rmax: ban knh ln nhat cua ng cong cam Rmin: ban knh nho nhat cua ng cong cam D: ng knh con lan R: o dai tay on A: khoang cach gia tam truc phan phoi va tam quay cua can quay.

H. X.2. S o bo tr cam a.

* Trnh t ve cam:

H. X.3. Cac thong so c ban cua cam a

245

-Ve cac ng tron co ban knh lan lt la rmax,rmin, A, neu con lan tiep xuc vi bien dang cam th: a = rmax + d/2, d: ng knh con lan. Tren vong tron co ban knh Rmax, c chia lam 100 phan,hoac 360o -Ta lay iem (o) tai v tr thang goc vi truc cam, -T (o) ve ng tron ban knh R cat ng tron ban knh A tai (o1), -T (o1) vi khau o compa R i qua iem chia (o), va cat ng tron ban knh A tai 1 iem, ta lay iem o lam iem xuat phat, va at cac thong so goc t phieu ieu chnh len ng tron ban knh A. -Da vao bang ieu chnh ta at cac iem (cac phan, goc quay hanh trnh cong tac) len vong tron co ban knh la A. - Neu goc quay chia bao nhieu phan th o nang h chia bay nhieu phan. - Ve cung tron tng ng vi cac phan cua o nang - Giao iem gia cac cung tron va cac ng phan chia, goc tng ng la cac iem cua ng arsimet - Cac iem giao nhau cang nhieu, ng arsimet cang chnh xac. - o nang H = rmax - rmin (cac thong so c ghi trong phieu ieu chnh) - Bc xoan T cua ng cong: t / h = 100/ 25, t = 100.h. / 25 -Trong trng hp cat ren, ng cong thc te hi khac so vi ng cong ly thuyet - o chenh lech ln nhat chiem khoang 10% - 15% o nang cat ren. Tren mot so may tien e tien va lui dao nhanh, ngi ta ve theo tng may.. - Cac ng cong phu thuoc vao thi gian gia cong cua chi tiet. b) Thiet Ke Cam Thung: Cac so lieu da vao phieu ieu chnh Trnh t thiet ke cam thung:

H. X4.. V tr va cac thong so c ban cua cam thung

Ta trien khai cam thung ra hnh ch nhat, chu vi c chia ra 100 phan (hoac 360o) hng xuong chieu con lai la chieu dai cam. Xac nh ban knh R (khoang cach gia cac con lan nam trong ranh cam va tam (o) cua on bay). Xac nh tam (o) oi vi v tr cua cam thung, lay cac iem tam (o) doc theo ng bien cua cam thung.

246

Vi khau o compa R, ta quay cac cung tron co tam la (o) qua cac iem phan o. -Da vao phieu ieu chnh, ta xac nh cac ng cong cua cam, tren hnh t cung 10 en cung 40, phai thc hien o nang. -Xac nh cac iem giao nhau gia cac cung nay, tai cac iem a xac nh ve ng tron co ng knh bang ng knh con lan (d). -Ve ng tiep tuyen ngoai gia hai ng tron tren, o la ng cong tac thc hien o nang h t cung 10 en cung 40. -Nhng ranh cam thang goc vi truc quay la nhng ng cam chay khong, c cau chap hanh luc nay se ng yen. -Cac ng cong cam tien hoac lui dao nhanh se c ve theo mau va kem theo may (ay la hanh trnh co nh cua moi may) -Cac ng cong tien hoac lui dao nhanh co the la ng cong paarabol, hoac hnh sin bat ky.

H. X.5. Cac thong so c ban cua manh cam

- Cac mau dung e tien hoac lui dao nhanh thng c lam di dang hnh sin, am bao c cau lam viec c em va de che tao. -e viec che tao va ieu chnh cam trong qua trnh gia cong c de dang va nhanh, tren cac may t ong ngi ta dung cac manh cam che tao san, co the thao lap c. Nhng manh cam c che tao thanh tng bo va co o nang (h) khac nhau Hanh trnh lam viec gom cac oan: + Thc hien tien nhanh: = 30o 45o + Thc hien lui nhanh: = 55o 60o + Hanh trnh lam viec. Cac thong so; :goc nang (phu thuoc vao h), h: o nang, : goc om, = 120 240o, S = 1.V.i. Id.T (mm/ v) I: T so truyen t truc chnh en truc phan phoi. Id: T so truyen t cam en ban dao 360 o.h T: Bc xoan cam hanh trnh lam viec: T = = .D.tg

Khi ieu chnh cam ta chon cam co o nang h, sao cho phu hp vi lng chay dao S.

247

N- Tnh t so truyen i e ieu chnh banh rang thay the. II.2. V du ve ieu chnh may t ong: II.1 ieu chnh may t ong nhom 1: ieu chnh may tien t ong nh hnh doc: * Noi dung cong viec ieu chnh: 1) Lap ban ve 2) Chuan b may, dung cu cat, phoi, o ga 3) S o bo tr ban dao 4)Lap s o gia cong 5) Xac nh che o cat 6) Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe 7) Lap phieu ieu chnh 8) Lap chu trnh lam viec 9) Thiet ke cam Noi Dung 1) Lap ban ve: ac iem cua may t ong nh hnh doc - Ch gia cong nhng chi tiet nho, n gian va t nguyen cong

(Hnh Chi tiet gia cong) 2) Chuan b may, dung cu cat, phoi, o ga: - Da vao hnh dang cua chi tiet, xac nh chon nhom may, chi tiet n gian, de gia cong. - Chon may 112 1: May tien : The he may 12: ng knh ln nhat (Dmax), may co the gia cong c ( 12). 3) S o bo tr ban dao: Tren may co bo o ga phay ranh vt, lam viec trung vi cac nguyen cong khac May co 3 ban dao ng va hai ban dao ngang (goi la ban dao on can) * Cac bc ieu chnh may: Lap s o gia cong: Th t chon dao
249

Dao (1 vat goc , dao (2) tien tru ngoai , dao (3) cat t Ngoai ra con co ban dao cat ren at oi dien truc chnh va dao phay ranh vt lap tren o ga chuyen dung:
1 5 4 2 3

H. X.6. S o bo tr ban dao tren may 112

4)Lap s o gia cong: Bang th t cac nguyen cong: So nguyen S o nguyen cong cong Ten nguyen cong

Vat goc: 3 x 45o

Tien ngoai: 5,96 x 32

Cat ren va cat t: M6 x 1 3

5) Xac nh che o cat: Da vao thuyet minh cua may,vat lieu va ban ve,hoac giao trnh (sach che o cat khi gia cong c). Chon lng chay dao doc Sd = 0.04 mm/ v Lng chay dao e cat t Sn = 0.02 mm/ v
250

Van toc cat khi tien trn: Van toc cat ren:

V = 65 (met/ phut) Vr = 7 (met /

phut) Tren c s cac so lieu a co ta tnh so vong quay cua cac bc nguyen cong: So vong quay phoi: 1000.65 n ft = = 2073 (v/f) .10 Ta chon so vong quay gan nhat vi so vong quay co tren may: n f = 2070 (v/f) 1000.7 So vong quay khi cat ren: n ft = = 372 (m/f) .6 Cat ren bang phng phap cat uoi ban ren So vong quay truc dung cu khi cat ren: ndr Ndr = nft + nor = 2070 + 372 = 2442 (v/f) So vong quay khi lui: n dr = 0, (truc dung cu khong quay) 6) Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe: a)Xac nh chieu dai hanh trnh: Gom 16 bc nguyen cong:. bc1-3:kep phoi, bo phan kep co san tren may nen khong can tnh toan. bc 2: chon dao cat, day 2 mm Chieu dai u phoi lui: L2 = 40 + 2 = 42 mm Ta lay t so truyen t cam en u phoi: h2 = i.L2 = 42 mm Hanh trnh bc 4: cat t (vat mat au)

H. X.7. S o bc cat t

1 = 0.5, dao ngoai phoi 2 = 0.15,dao vt qua ng tam phoi, L4=0.5+5+0.15+2tg10o = 6 (mm) Dao cat t c at tren ban dao 3 cua gia dao, co i3 = 3 o nang cam la: h = I.L4 = 3.6 = 18 (mm) Bc 5:
251

H. X.8. S o bc vat canh

- Hanh trnh vat goc 3x45o L5 = 15 (mm), t so truyen t cam ti ban dao, i = 3 Bc 6: Hanh trnh vat goc. L6 = 3.2 (mm) o nang: h6 = 3,2 x3 = 9,6 (mm) Bc 7: dao lui ve v tr cu: L7 =L5 + L 6 = 1.5+3.2 = 4.7 (mm) H7 = 3 x 4.7 = 14.1 (mm) Bc 8: Hanh trnh chay khong,(dao tien t ngoai vao)

H. X.9. S o bc tien

L 8 = 0.5 + 2 = 2.5 (mm), vi I = 3 Goc nang cam: H8 = 3 x 2.5 = 7.5 (mm) Bc 9: tien tru ngoai 5,96. Dao cach chi tiet: = 0.2 Dao chuyen ong suot o dai hanh trnh: L = 32 - 1 + 0.2 = 31.2 (mm), i = 1, h9 = i.L9 = 31.2(mm) Bc 10: dao tien ngoai lui:
252

L10 = L8 = 2.5 (mm) H10 = h8 = 7.5 (mm), hanh trnh lui dao giong nhau. Bc 11: dao cat nam lech vi dao tien 1 khoang 0.8 (mm)

H. X.10.

Bc u phoi tien nhanh

- U phoi tien nhanh, hanh trnh chay khong L11 = 0.8+ 8 + 2 = 10.8 (mm), i = 1, h = 10.8 (mm) Bc 12,13,14: bc cat ren va lui (hanh trnh lam viec): L12 = L13 = 20 + 1 = 21 (mm) - C cau kep phoi vao cung mot luc vi hanh trnh cat ren nay. Bc 15: Dao cat t i vao (hanh trnh chay khong) L 15 = 0.3 mm, i = 3 H15 = 3 x 0.3 =0.9 (i: t so truyen t truc phan phoi en ban dao) Bc 16: hanh trnh cat t chi tiet: L 16 = 0.2 + 5+ 0.15 +2tg10 = 5.7 (mm) V:i = 3, h16 = 3 x 5.7 b) Xac nh so lng vong quay va thi gian chnh: So lng vong quay can thiet cua truc mang phoi, cho cac bc nguyen cong: K hieu: Ki = Li / Si, oi vi hanh trnh cat ren: Zi = Li / Ti. Khi vat goc K6 = 80 vong Tien ngoai K9 = 780 vong Cat t K16 = 285 vong Khi cat ren Z =21 vong Khi lui ban ren L13 =21 vong
253

He so qui dan khi cat ren la: n ft 2070 n C r = to = = = 5.6 372 nti nor So lng vong quay can thiet khi cat ren: K12 = Z. Cr = 21 x 5.6 =118 (vong) + Bc cat ren trung vi bc cat t phoi nen thi gian gia cong tnh cho moi bc nay: 60 k i K 9 + K 6 + K 16 1145 Vay thi gian chnh: T = = .60 = .60 = 33.5s nto n ft 2070 Thi gian s bo gia cong chi tiet: T = 4.6 + 1.07T1 = 4.6 + 1,07 x 33.5 = 40 s Nang suat cua may la: Q = 60 /T = 60 /40 = 1,5 (chi tiet / 1phut) c) Xac nh s phoi hp gia cac nguyen cong: - xac nh goc quay cac hanh trnh chay khong cua truc phan phoi: : phu thuoc vao nang suat cua may (Q) Neu cong suat Q cua may co Q = 0 8 (chi tiet / phut) = 1.2o Th: Khi cam nang 1 mm: = 0.5o Khi cam ha 1 mm: Neu cong suat Q cua may co Q = 8 15 (chi tiet / phut) = 1.5o Th: Khi cam nang 1 mm: = 1o Khi cam ha 1 mm: Tren c s nay ta xac nh goc cho tng bc nguyen cong: Bc Nguyen Cong So Lieu o Khi m ong kep 1 = 10 1 va 3 Khi siet ong kep = 15o U phoi lui, cam lam viec tren ng Goc quay: 2 = 0,5o.H2 = 0.5x42= 21 o cong ha xuong, cam ha mot oan 2 h = 42mm, 4 Dao cat t lui khi cam ha 4 = 0.5o. H4 = 0.5 x 18 = 9 o Dao vat goc khi cam nang, bc nay 5 = 0.5o x h5= 0.5 x4,5= 5.4O 5 H5 = 4,5 mm trung vi bc 4 7 Dao vat goc lui khi cam ha 6 = 0.5o x h6 = 0.5 x 14,1 = 7O Dao tien ngoai vao khi cam ha, 8 7 = 0.5o x h7 = 0.5 x 7,5 = 4O bc nay trung vi bc 7 10 Dao tien ngoai lui khi cam nang 10 = 1,2o x h10 = 1.2 x 7,5 = 9O 11 U phoi tien nhanh khi cam nang 11 = 1,2o x h11= 1.2 x 10.8 = 13O 15 = 1,2o x h15 = 1.2 x 0.9 = 1.08O Dao cat t vao khi cam nang - e de thiet ke va gia cong ta chon 15 15 = 3o Goc quay cua hanh trnh phu va chay khong cua truc phan phoi:
254

 = 10 +21+15+9+7+9+13+3 = 87o Tong goc quay truc phan phoi cho hanh trnh lam viec: = 360o - = 360o - 87o = 273o Goc quay cua hanh trnh phu va chay khong cua truc, phan phoi : = 10 + 21+15+9+7+9+13+3 = 87o So goc truc phan phoi cho tng bc cong tac:

6 =

- Ta co: 9 = 0,24. 780 =185o 16 = 0,24. 285 = 68.4o = 69o *Cac bc gia cong trung: 12 = 0,24.118 = 28o 13 = 0,24.21 = 5o Ta ien cac gia tr va vao bang, bat au tnh gia tr cac goc quay cua truc phan phoi cho cac nguyen cong khong trung ke tiep nhau t: 0 - 360o So goc va trung nhau th bo tr tng ng vao gia cac bc tren (at trong ngoac). Nang suat cua may:(nang suat nay gan bang vi nang suat s bo) (chi tiet / phut) 1 87 o 60 1 Q = 1 = 360 o = 1.36 T1 2 33.5 7) Lap phieu ieu chnh: La phieu tap hp tat ca cac so lieu can thiet cua tat ca cac bc gia cong e thc hien nguyen cong a e cap: Cac k hieu: L: chieu dai cac hanh trnh (mm) H: o nang cua cam (mm) K: so lng vong quay tren 1 bc (vong) o: goc quay cong tac cua truc phan phoi tren 1 bc o: goc quay chay khong cua truc phan phoi tren 1 bc Cac so trong ngoac la so lieu cua cac nguyen cong trung(nlv, , ,..)

273o .k 6 = .80 = 0,24.80 = 19 o ki 1145

255

Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Bc gia cong M ong kep phoi U phoi lui Siet ong kep phoi Dao cat t lui Dao vat goc vao Vat goc 3 x 45o Dao vat goc lui Dao tien ngoai vao Tien ngoai 5,96 Dao tien ngoai lui U phoi tien nhanh Cat ren M6 x 20 Ban ren lui C cau kep om chi tiet Dao cat t vao Cat t C cau kep mang chi tiet Phay ranh vt Tong cong

L 42 6 1.5 3.2 4.7 2.5 31.2 2.5 10.8 21 21 0.3 5.7

H - 42 - 18 + 4.5 + 9.6 - 14.1 - 7.5 + 31.2 + 7.5 + 10.8

nlv

0.04 0.04 t=1 t=1

80

19

10 21 15 9 (6) 7 (4)

780

18 5

9 13

(118) (21)

+ 0.9 + 17.1

(28 ) (5)

Goc quay cua cam o en o T 10 0 31 10 46 31 55 46 (52) (46) 74 55 74 81 (77) (81) 81 266 266 275 75 288 (291) (319) (319) (324) 288 291 291 360

0.02

(4) 3 (10) (30)

285 69

ki= 1145

27 3

87

256

8) Lap Chu Trnh Lam Viec: Lap bieu o chu trnh lam viec cua c cau, da vao phieu ieu chnh:
STT 01 C cau chap hanh C cau ke phoi 0 10 30 31 60 46 288 275

CHU TRNH LAM VIEC C CAU CAM

90 120 150 180 210

240

270

300

330

360

02

U truc phoi

81

266

03

Dao cat t

55

288

291

04

Dao tien ngoai 55

77 74

05

Dao vat canh

81 319 291

06

Ban ren

324

9. Thiet ke cam: May 112 ch dung cam a,e thc hien chu trnh ta can thiet ke 3 loai cam Cam ieu khien truc phoi, Cam ban dao on can (ieu khien dao cat t va dao tien ngoai) va cam ban dao ng (ieu khien dao vat goc) Cam ieu khien c cau kep co san tren may, ch can ieu chnh, thiet ke cam ban ren (neu khong co) -Kch thc cam phu thuoc vao kch thc va cach bo tr cac bo phan cua may, Rmax R A (mm) Cam Rmin U truc phoi 20 90 120 130 Ban dao on can 35 65 125 135 Ban dao ng 25 60 125 135 - Tr so Rmin: phu thuoc vao Rmax, o nang cua cam (h), h: nam trong gii han Rmin a cho. 9.1) Cam u truc phoi: Ta lay: Rmax = 90 mm, R = 120 mm, A = 130 mm, h2 = 42, Rmin = Rmax h2 = 90 42 = 48 mm Da vao phieu ieu chnh ta xac nh cac ng cong cam nh ssau: T 0o 10o; cam chay khong,10o 31o; cam ha 31o 81o; cam chay khong,81o 266o; cam lam viec 266o 275o; cam chay khong,275o 288o; cam nang 288o 360o; cam chay khong. Ta at v tr cac goc nay len vong tron co ban knh Rmax va ve cam:

257

ieu kien ky thuat: - Vat lieu: thep Cm10

320 310

330 6

340

350 7 0

10

20 30

40 - o tham than: 0.8 1.2mm 290 R=12050 - Toi: 54 58 HRc 1 280 60 31 Dmin= 40 - T le: 1:2 2 288 70 ng cong lam viec la ng 270 81 275 cong arsimet, am bao gia cong em va 260 80 26 3 lng chay dao on nh. 6 90 250 - Hanh trnh lui nhanh va tien nhanh co 240 100 the dung oan thang 110 230 A130 - Lo 20 dung e lap cam vao truc phan 120 220 phoi. 130 210 4 140 200 9.2)Cam ban dao on can: 150 190 160 180 170 Cam nay ieu khien dao cat t va tien ngoai; Ta lay; Rmax = 65 mm, R = 125 mm, A = 135 H. X.11. Hnh ve cam u truc phoi: mm, h2 = 31.2 Rmin = Rmax h2 = 65 31.2 = 33.8 mm T 0o 46o; cam chay khong,46o 55o; cam ha dao cat t lui 55o 74o; cam chay khong,77o 81o; cam ha ddao tien ngoai tien vao 81o 266o; cam ng yen, thc hien tien ngoai 266o 275o; cam nang, a dao tien ngoai lui 275o 288o; cam chay khong.,288 291o; cam nang a dao cat vao 291o 360o; hanh trnh lam viec cat t chi tiet. 330 5 340 6 350 0 10 20 30 40 Dmax130 0 46 291 288 275 266 55 77 81 A=135 R125 50 1 60 70 80 90 Dmin70 3 11 0 100 2

300 Dmax= 180

10

ieu kien ky thuat: - Vat lieu: thep Cm10

- o tham than: 0.8 1.2mm - Toi: 54 58 HRc - T le: 1:2 Cach ve tng t nh ve cam u truc phoi: Cac ng chay khong la cung tron ng cong gia cong tien la cung tron ng cong cat t la ng arsimet
290 280 270 260 250 240 230

320 310 300

7 8

220 210 200 190 180 170 160 15 0 5 4 130 120

140

H. X.12. Hnh ve cam ban dao on can:

258

9.3) Cam ban dao ng:

ieu kien ky thuat: - Vat lieu: thep Cm10 - o tham than: 0.8 1.2mm - Toi: 54 58 HRc - T le: 1:2
Cam nay ieu khien dao vat
6

3 2 3 1 3 0 2 9 2 8 2 7 D m a x

3 3

3 4

3 5

1 2 3 0 4 0 R 1 1 5 0 6 0 7 0

4 6 5 5 7 4 8 1

goc: 8 0 Ta lay; rmax = 60 mm, r = 125 5 A 1 9 0 mm, a = 135 mm, h2 = 14.1 2 4 1 0 2 Rmin = 45,9 mm 3 2 3 D m i 4 1 1 t 0o 46o; cam chay khong 2 2 o o 1 2 5 46 52 ; cam nang a dao gat 2 1 6 1 3 2 0 vao 1 4 1 9 1 5 1 8 52o 1 6 1 7 o H. X.13.Hnh ve: cam ban dao ng 55 ; cam chay khong 55o 74o; cam lam viec 74o 81o; cam ha e lui dao 81o 360o; cam chay khong Cam nang ha eu la nhng oan thang, cam chay khong la nhng cung tron, e cam t mon ta ha ban knh cam, hoac thay bang ng cong arsimet. e de lap cam vao truc phan phoi, ta xe ranh cho cam ban dao ng.

259

II.2. ieu chnh may tien loai 3:( May tien t ong revolve) * Noi dung cong viec ieu chnh : II.2. 1. Lap ban ve II.2. 2. Chuan b may, dung cu cat, phoi, o ga II.2. 3. S o bo tr ban dao II.2. 4. Lap s o gia cong II.2. 5. Xac nh che o cat II.2. 6. Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe II.2. 7. Lap phieu ieu chnh II.2. 8. Lap chu trnh lam viec II.2. 9. Thiet ke cam II.2. 1. Lap ban ve:

H. X.14. chi tiet gia cong

- Xet hnh dang va o phc tap gia cong cua chi tiet, ta chon may nhom 3, Kch thc ln nhat cua chi tiet 24. II.2. 2. Chuan b may, dung cu cat, phoi, o ga: Chon may 1b140 e gia cong chi tiet thep t ong A12, ng knh 24, Vat lieu dao cat thep hp kim cng II.2. 3. S o bo tr ban dao: May co 3 ban dao chay thang goc truc phoi. * Cac van e can lu y : Cac dung cu cat lap tren au revolve, cac loai dao nh hnh, cat t lap tren cac ban dao e cho au dao revolve can bang, cac dung cu cat nen at nhng goc o bang nhau,( chia eu tren o dao 360o ). - Ch gia cong ren nhng be mat a gia cong e gi tuoi tho ban ren - Phai hieu chnh dao nam ung v tr cong tac khi au revolve quay. II.2. 4. Lap s o gia cong: +S o gia cong
259

STT 1.

S o Nguyen Cong

Ten Nguyen Cong Phong phoi

Ban Dao au revolve

au revolve 2. Tien ngoai phan ren M16 x 2.

3. Tien tho oan 20 en 20.5.

au revolve

Ban dao trc, ban dao sau 4. Tien ranh h = 3 mm, vat goc:1 x 45o. au revolve 5. Tien tinh 20.

au revolve

6. Cat ren M16 x 2 Ban dao ng 7. Cat t

260

II.2. 5. Xac nh che o cat : Da vao bang so lieu ieu chnh may t ong ta xac nh V(van toc cat ), S( lng chay dao ), n( so vong quay truc chnh ) a)Nguyen cong tien : Tien ngoai 25, tra bang ta c : S2 = 0.12 mm/ vong, ta chon V2 = 65(met/ phut) So vong quay truc chnh khi tien :

n2 =

10 3.v 2 10 3.65 = = 863 (v/f) .D 3,14 .24

Chon so vong quay gan vi so vong quay co tren may: chon n2 = 800(v/f) Van toc thc te la:

V2 =

.D.n2
1000

.24.800
1000

= 60.5

(m/f)

Tra theo ly lch cua may ta chon banh rang thay the :A = 25 rang, B = 70 rang e tien cac nguyen cong : 3,4,5,7, ta chon so vong quay truc chnh : - Nguyen cong tien va cat t :n2 = n3 = n4 = n5 = n7 = 800 (v/f) Lng chay dao: s2 = s3 = s5 = 0.12(mm/v ) Lng chay dao khi tien ranh va vat goc : s4 = 0.05 (mm/v) Lng chay dao khi cat t : s7 = 0.04(mm/v) b) Nguyen cong cat ren : Cat ren M16 x 2, s6 = t = 2 mm/v, chon van toc cat :v6 = 8 (mm/f)
n6 = 1000 .8 = 159 .16

(v/f)

So vong quay thc te tren may: n6 = 160( v/f) .16.160 = 8.05 ( m/f) Van toc cat ren th c te : V6 = 1000 II.2. 6. Xac nh cac thong so cong nghe : a) Xac nh chieu dai hanh trnh : - may tien revolve t so truyen t cam en c cau chap hanh i = 1, nen L va h eu bang nhau, = 0.5 1 mm. Stt Ten Nguyen Cong Chieu Dai Hanh Trnh o dai chi tiet gia cong : l = 48mm Chieu rong dao cat t : b = 3mm Chi tiet nho ra khoi mat au ong kep : b = 5mm Lo = 48 +3+5 = 56 mm

Phong phoi

261

2 3

Tien ngoai phan ren M16 x 2 Tien tho oan 20 en ng knh 20.5 Tien ranh : Vat goc :

L2 = +b2 = 0.5 + 24 = 24.5 mm B3 = 14 L3 = +b3 = 0.5 + 14 = 14.5 mm

L4 = +1/2(d2- d1 ) = 0.5 + 1/2(20.518)=1.75mm 4 L'4 = 3 mm B5 = b3-b = 14-3 =11 mm. 5 Tien tinh oan b5 L5 = +b5 +1= 0.5 + 11+0.5 = 12 mm 1= 0.5 (o vt qua cua mui dao ) Cat Ren Va Lui Tren L6 = 2t+B6 = 20 + 2.2 = 24 Mm 6 oan B = 25mm ( T: Bc Ren) ng knh cat t : d. = 24- 2x 1 = 22 mm, B = 3mm( chieu rong dao cat t ), c = 0.3b( 7 Cat t chi tiet hanh trnh phu ) L7 = +0.5d +1+c = 0.5 + 11 + 1+0.5 = 13 mm b) Xac nh so lng vong quay va thi gian chnh : So lng 'vong quay can thiet cho moi nguyen cong, c tnh toan vi he so qui dan. -Ta lay so vong quay c ban la so vong quay ln nhat, cho hau het cac nguyen cong: Nto = 800(v/f), hau het cac nguyen cong tien co c =1, tr nguyen cong cat ren c6 = nto/n6 = 800/160 = 5 l 24.5 -So vong quay can thiet cho nguyen cong 2: K 2 = 2 .C 2 (vong ).1 = 204 = S2 0,12 Stt 3 4 5 6 7 Ten Nguyen Cong Tien tho phan cat ren M14 Tien ranh 3mm Tien tinh 20 Cat ren Khi lui ban ren Cat t chi tiet So Lng Vong Quay K3 = 14,5/ 0,12 = 129(vong ) K4 = 1.75/ 0,05 = 35(vong ) K'4 = 3/ 0,05 = 60(vong ) K3 = 12 / 0,12 = 100(vong) K6 =(L6 x C6) / t = (24/2)* 4.5 = 60(vong ) K'6 = L6/ t = 24/2 = 12(vong) K7 = 13 / 0.04 = 325( vong )

- Thi gian chnh e gia cong chi tiet la:

262

T1 =

60 ki nto

60 .882 = 66( s ) 800

- Thi gian gia cong chi tiet : T = 4.85 + 1.1 * 66 = 77.45(s) - Nang suat s bo cua may : 60 60 Q= = = 0.775.(ct / f ) = 46.5.(ct / gi ) 77.45 T c) Xac nh s phoi hp gia cac nguyen cong : - Xac nh phan tram goc cho cac hanh trnh chay khong: - Phong phoi va kep phoi 1 = 3% 1 = 2% - Quay au revolve lan th nhat : = 3% - Quay au revolve sau moi lan ke tiep : 5,6 = 1% - ao chieu va thay. oi so vong quay truc chnh : 7 = 1% - Lui dao cat t : * Tong so chay khong cua cam :( tr i cac nguyen cong trung ) = 16 % * Tong so goc cua hanh trnh lam viec : = 100- 16 = 84 %

2 =

.K 2 =
i

84 .204 = 19.4 o o 882

(lay chan :19%)

Goc quay lam viec tng ng vi cac nguyen cong :

= K

84 .121 = 11.5 o o 11% .K 3 = 882

5 =

K ,

.K 5 =
i

84 .100 = 9.5 o o 10% 882

84 .K 4 = .35 = 3.3 o o 3% 4 = Ki 882

6 =
6' =

4' =

.K 4 =
i

84 .60 = 5.7 o o 6% 882

K K

.K K
i
i

84 .60 = 5.7 o o 6% 882

.K 6 =

84 .12 = 1,14 o o 1 0 0 882 84 .325 = 30.9 o o 31% 882

7 =

.K 7 =
i

* So lng vong quay can thiet cho toan bo hanh trnh lam viec(1 chu k gia cong ):
nc =

.100 =

882 .100 = 1050 84

( vong )

263

* Thi gian can thiet e gia cong chi tiet : 60nc 60.1050 = = 78,75s 79 s T= nto 800 * Nang suat chnh xac cua may :

Q=

60 nto 800 = = = 0.76.(ch.t / f ) = 45,7.(ch.t / g ) T nc 1050

Cong suat thc te cua may: T = 79 giay, thi gian co tren may : T = 80.1 giay Qt = 3600 3600 = = 45 80.1 T
(chi tiet/ phut)

Tr so nay gan bang vi tr so chon s bo,Ta ien tat ca cac thong so tren vao phieu ieu chnh. II.2. 7. Lap phieu ieu chnh : Phan Ban knh S quay cua L= h Ban K cam Cac bc gia cong (mm/ cam (mm) NC dao (vong) [%] [%] v) T en au Cuoi % % h.tr h.tr -phong phoi 56 3 0 3 95 95 revol 2 3 5 ve 1 -quay au revolve Tien ngoai phan 24.5 Ren M14 x 2 va vat goc Quay au revolve Tien tho oan 14.5 20 20,5 mm Quayau revolve Tien ranh b = 3 1,75 3 mm o Vat goc 1 x 45 Tien tinh 20 Quayau revolve oi van toc va chieu quay truc chnh 12 0.12 204 19 3 5 27 24 96.5 121 27 revol ve

0.12

121

11 3

0.05 0.05

(35) 60

(3) 6

38 120. 135 5 (43) 41 (46) 78.2 80 41 47 5 80 77 47 57

38

revol ve

0.12

100

10 3

Tr c sau revol ve 57 20.5 132.5 revol 60 ve

264

Cat ren M14 x 2 24 2 60 6 60 66 92 oi van toc va 1 66 67 chieu quay truc 6 chnh 24 2 12 1 67 68 116 Lui ban ren (68) (74) Quay au revolve 2 lan. Cat t chi tiet 13 0.04 325 31 68 99 67 7 Lui dao cat t 1 99 100 II.2. 8. Lap chu trnh lam viec : Goc quay cua truc phan phoi dc chia ra 100 phan, va chu viec nh sau: C cau chap hanh Stt Chu trnh lam viec 3 1 C cau phong phoi 24 27 38 41 47 57 66 74 5 2 3 4 5 au revolve Ban dao trc 68

116

Revo lve

92 revol ve 80 ng

trnh lam

99

Ban dao sau Ban dao ng II.2. 9. Thiet ke cam : Da vao thuyet minh cua may ta co cac thong so cua cam nh sau : C cau chap hanh D (mm) Rmin rmax R A(mm) Cam au revolve 18 40 140 150 171 Cam ban dao trc va sau 18 35 80 90 116 Cam ban dao ng 18 35 80 90 113 Khoang cach gia au revolve va mat au vau kep : Lmin = 75(mm) a) Cam au Revlve : S o quan he gia cam va khoang cach gia cong :

265

H. X.15 S o cam Revolve.

- Muon ve cam au revolve trc tien phai ieu chnh v tr au revolve, va xac nh c khoang cach L cua cac nguyen cong. Tnh cac so lieu can thiet e thiet ke cam : l = lo b + h lo = l+B+0.5 mm ; Lo : o nho ra cua phoi l: chieu dai chi tiet gia cong B: chieu rong dao cat t. b: khoang cach t mat au phoi en li cat cua dao. h: khoang cach t li cat cua dao en au revolve. Neu Lmin < Li th ban knh cua cam se giam i L, va ngc lai L = Li- Lmin = rmax ri ri = rmax L(ri :ban knh at con lan ) Stt bc Bc gia cong So lieu can thiet (mm) o dai nho ra cua phoi Lo = L+B+ 5 = 48+3+5= 56 0 1 2 3 5 6 Phong phoi Tien ngoai Tien tho oan 20mm Cat ren M14 Cat t chi tiet L1 = lo b + h = 56- 0 +64 = 120 L = Li- Lmin = 120 75 = 45 L2 = lo b2 + h = 56-24 +62 = 94 L = Li- Lmin = 94 75 = 19 L3 = lo b3 + h = 56- 45 + 62 = 80 L = Li- Lmin = 80 75 = 5 L5 = lo b5 + h = 56- 42,5 +62 = 82,5 L = Li- Lmin = 82,5 75 = 7,5 L6 = lo b6 + h = 56- 24 +67= 99 L = Li- Lmin = 99 75 = 24

Ban knh cam au revolve : rmax = 140 mm, rmin = 40 mm Ban knh cam au va cuoi hanh trnh : ri = rmax L rI = r1 L 1,( ban knh cam au hanh trnh ) r1 = 140 45 = 95 mm, r1 = r1 L 1 = 95-0 = 95 mm, r2 = 140 19 = 121 mm, r2 = r2 L 2 = 121-24,5 = 96.5 mm, r3 = 140 5= 135 mm, r3 = r3 L 3 = 135-15,5 = 119,5 mm, r5 = 140 7,5 = 132,5 mm, r5 = r5 L 5 = 132.5-13 = 119,5 mm, r6 = 140 24= 116 mm, r6 = r6 L 6 = 116-24 = 92 mm, o nang cat ren, can ha ban knh 10% cuoi hanh trnh cat ren : (116 92).10% = 2.4(mm) ,nen:r6 = 116- 2.4 = 113,6(mm) Cac bc ve cam au revolve : - Ve cac vong tron co ban knh rmax rmin, A,(rmax +d/2)

266

Chiavong tron co ban knh(rmax +d/2), ra 100 phan, iem khi au ve ng tron nay la tai cac ng tam vuong goc noi lien tam cua cam va lo tam nh v 10 mm cua cam. -Xac nh cac cung tron co ban knh R, tren vong tron co ban knh A tng ng vi goc va phieu ieu chnh ve cac cung R qua cac phan a xac nh. -Ve cac ban knh can thiet cho tng oan quay cua cam. -Ve cac ng cong cong tac cua cam.

ieu kien ky thuat: - Vat lieu : thep Cm10 - o tham than: 0.8 1.2mm - Toi: 54 58 HRc - T le: 1:2

H. X.14. Cam au revolve may tien t ong 1b140

Cam ban dao ngang : cuoi hanh trnh cua cam ban dao ngang con lan nam ban knh rmax cua cam, nen ta ch xac nh ban knh au hanh trnh : Theo thuyet minh :rmax = 80 mm Nguyen cong 4: ban dao trc, R4t = 80, r4 = 80-1,75 = 78,25 mm Ban dao sau: r4s = 80, r4s = 80-3 = 77 mm - nguyen cong 7: nguyen cong cat t chi tiet : r7= 80, r7 = 80 13.5 = 66.5 mm

267

ieu kien ky thuat: - Vat lieu : thep Cm10 - o tham than: 0.8 1.2mm - Toi: 54 58 HRc - T le: 1:2

H. X.15. Cam cac ban dao ngang

- Bien dang cam khong lam viec thng co ban knh bang vi ban knh rmin cua cam. - Cam co tai trong nho thng c che tao bang gang Gx15-32, Gx 28-48 - Cam co tai trong ln thng c che tao bang thep 20x 40x.

268

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. May T ong Va ng Day T ong, Nguyen Van Hung, Nha Xuat Ban ai Hoc Va Trung Hoc Chuyen Nghiep, Ha Noi 1978. 2. May Cat Kim Loai, Gs Ts,Nguyen Ngoc Can, Trng ai Hoc S Pham Ky Thuat,1991. 3. Sach 100 Kieu Dao Cat( 100 Kieu Dao Cat c Cap Bang Sang Che), Ky S Vo Tran Khuc Nha, Nha Xuat Ban Hai Phong . 4. Che o Cat Gia Cong C Kh, Nguyen Ngoc ao Tran The San Ho Viet Bnh, Trng ai Hoc S Pham Ky Thuat. 7. Giao Trnh T ong Hoa Qua Trnh San Xuat, Ho Viet Bnh, Trng ai Hoc S Pham Ky Thuat .

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