Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

1/ Gi tn cc cht c cng thc sau : a)KBr, CaCl2, NaH, Cu2O, CuF2, FeS, Fe2O3, CO, CO2, SO2, SO3. b) H2SO4, H2SO3, H3PO4, H3PO3, N2O, NO, NO2, N2O5, HNO3. c) Fe(NO3)2, Ca(NO2)2, HCN, HSCN, (NH4)2SO4, SrO, Al2Se3, Rb2S, NH4I. d) Ca(CN)2, NH4CN, Fe(SCN)3, SnOCl2, SnCl4, (NH4)2SnS3, (NH4)2Cr2O7. e) HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4, K2CrO4, KMnO4, K2MnO4. f) KHSO3, (NH4)2S, N2F4, BCl3, P2O5, SF4, ClF3, HIO, HIO2, HIO3. g) KH2PO4, K2HPO4, HNO4, H3PO5, H2SO5, H2S2O8, HSCN, H2S2O2, H2S2O3. 2/ Gi tn cc phc cht c cng thc sau : a) H2[GeF6], K2[PbF6], H2[Sn(OH)2], H2[SnCl6], [Tc(CO)5]2, [Re(CO)5]2, [Co(CO)4]2. b) [Rh(CO)4)2, [Mn(CO)5]2, [Ru(NH3)5N2]Cl2, Na2[Zn(CN)4], [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2. c) H[AuCl4], K2[Cu(CN)4], K2[Ag(CN)2], K[Ag(CN)2], K2[Au(CN)4], [Ag(NH3)2]OH. d) Na3[Ag(S2O3)2], H[AuCl2], K[AuCl2], Ba2[Zn(OH)6], Na[Au(OH)4]. e) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, Cu4[Fe(CN)6], Na[Cu(OH)4], Na[Zn(OH)3], Na2[Zn(OH)4]. f) [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [Ni(H2O)6]SO4, [Cd(NH3)6](NO3)2. g) Cu3[Co(CN)6]2, K2[HgI4], H2[ZnCl2(OH)2], Fe[ZnCl2(OH)2], K2[Cd(CN)4]. h) K3[Fe(CN)6, K3[Fe(CN)6], K2[Pb(OH)4], K3[Cr(OH)6], H2[Fe(CO)4]. i) [Ni(NH3)6](OH)2, Cu2[Fe(CN)6], K4[Co(CN)6], K2[PtCl6], Na[Sb(OH)6]. j) Na2[Be(OH)4], K6Ba[Fe(CN)6]2, (NH4)2[Ca(SO4)2]. 3/ Gi tn cc ion sau y : a) [Al(OH)4]-, [Al(OH)6]3-, [Al(H2O)6]3+, [Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+, [Al(OH)2(H2O)4]+. b) [Ga(H2O)6]3+, SnO32-, [Sn(OH)6]2-, [Pb(OH)6]2-, [SnCl3]-, [SnCl4]2-, [PbI4]2-. c) Cr2O72-, CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, HSO3-, SO42-, HSO4-, HS-, Cl-, S2-, NO3-, PO43-. d) [Ti(H2O)6]3+, [Ti(H2O)5OH]2+, [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Ag(CN)2]-, [Cu(CN)2]-, S2O32-. e) CH3COO-, C2O42-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-, MnO4-, [Fe(CN)6]3-, [Fe(CN)6]4-, [Zn(OH)4]2-. f) [Zn(NH3)2]2+, ZnO22-, AlO2-, MnO42-, FeO42-, FeO2-, [FeCl4]2-, [Fe(SCN)4]2-, [Co(CN)6]4-. g) NO+, NO2+, SO2+, SO22+, PO3+, CO2+, (CH3)4Sb+, PCl4+, Si4-, O22-, O2-, O3-, CN-, SCN-, NH2-, NH2-. 4/ Vit cng thc nhng cht c tn gi di y : a) Kali hexaxiano ferrat (III), Kali tetraxiano cuprat (II), Hexaaquo niken (II) sulfat. b) Hexaammin cobalt (III) clorur, Pentaammin cloro crom (III) cloro. c) Kali triammin dithiocyano oxalato cobaltat (III), Kali hexaxiano ferrat (II). d) Amoni xianur, Ferrum (III) thioxianat, dicloro heptoxid, disulfur decaflorur, tetraarsen hexaoxid. e) acid hidrosulfuric, acid hidroxianic, acid hipophosphor, acid hiponitr, natri hipoclorit. f) Bari peroxide, sulfur diclorur, niken (II) xianur, amoni nitrat, canxi hipoclorit, vanadi (III) oxid.

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

1/ Gii thch theo quan im Kossel-Lewis s hnh thnh cc lin kt trong phn t di y xut pht t cc nguyn t : a) CaCl2, Na2O. b) NH3, CO2, C2H2. HD : a) Lk ion b) Lk cng ha tr 2/ Nu s hnh thnh lin kt phi tr trong cc trng hp sau : a) Sn phm tng tc gia amoniac vi bo triflourur. b) Carbon monooxid. c) Sn phm tng tc gia bc clourur vi amoniac. d) Sn phm tng tc gia Cu(OH)2 vi C2H4(OH)2. 3/ Vit cng thc cu to Lewis cho cc phn t v ion sau y : NF3, CO32-, CS2, NO2-, COBr2, O22-, C22-, NO+, O3, CH2O (aldehid formic), BeH2, BF3, NO, NO2, PCl5, SF6, CH3O- (ion metanolat), HClO, H3PO3. Xc nh in tch hnh thc trn mi nguyn t. 4/ Vit cc cng thc cu to cng hng (cc mesome) c th c ca cc phn t, ion sau y : a) Ozon b) Benzen c) Acid nitric d) ion nitrat e) sulfur (IV) oxid f) ion clorat g) sulfur (VI) oxid h) ion carnonat i) ion sulfat S : a) 2 b) 2 c) 2 d) 3 e) 2 f) 3 g) 3 h) 3 i) 16 5/ Cho m in ca cc nguyn t B, Cl, Na, Ca, Be ln lt bng 2,04; 3,16; 0,93; 1,00; 1,57. Xp cc lin kt sau theo trt t mc phn cc tng dn : B-Cl, Na-Cl, Ca-Cl, Be-Cl. S : Tng dn theo B-Cl, Be-Cl, Ca-Cl, Na-Cl 6/ Xp cc phn t sau theo chiu tng ca momen lng cc phn t : BF3, H2S, H2O. S : Tng dn theo BF3, H2S, H2O 7/ Phn t no di y c momen lng cc : IBr, CH2Cl2, cis-dicloroethylen, transdicloroethylen. S : IBr, CH2Cl2, cis-dicloroethylen 8/ Momen lng cc ca HBr bng 2,6.10-30 C.m; di lin kt bng 141 pm. Tnh % c tnh ion ca phn t HBr. S : 11,5% 9/ Cho bng d liu : Lin kt di Momen lng cc (D) (pm) H-Cl 127 1,03 H-Br 142 0,79 H-I 161 0,38 Tnh % c tnh ion ca mi lin kt. S : 16,9%; 11,6%; 4,9% 10/ Trong mi cp cht di y, lc tng tc gia cc phn t thuc loi no ? a) HBr v H2S b) Cl2 v CBr4 c) I2 v NO3- d) NH3 v C6H6 S : a) nh hng, khuch tn b) Khuch tn c) Cm ng, khuch tn d) Cm ng, khuch tn 11/ Cho bit lc tng tc xy ra gia cc tiu phn trong mi cht :
2

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM) a) LiF b) CH4 c) SO2

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

S : a) Ion, khuch tn b) Khuch tn c) nh hng 12/ Cho bit lc tng tc xy ra gia cc tiu phn trong mi cht : a) Benzen b) Metylclourur c) Natriclourur d) Carbon disulfur S : a) Khuch tn b) Khuch tn, nh hng c) Ion, khuch tn d) Khuch tn 13/ Nhit nng chy ca Br2 l -7,20C v nhit nng chy ca ICl l +27,20C. Gii thch ? HD : Gia cc phn t ca c 2 cng c lc khuch tn. Gia cc phn t ca ICl c thm tng tc nh hng (lng cc-lng cc) 14/ Cho bng d liu : Nguyn t He Ne Ar Kr Xe Ts (K) 4,2 27 87 120 165 Phn t F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 Ts (K) 155 238,4 331,8 457,3 Phn t BF3 BCl3 BBr3 BI3 Ts (K) 172 286 364 483 Gii thch s bin i ny ? HD : Gia cc phn t cc cht trn ch c tng tc khuch tn. Ts tng theo M. 15/ Gii thch v sao : a) NH3 c nhit si cao hn CH4. b) KCl c nhit nng chy cao hn I2. 16/ Cht no to c lin kt hydrogen lin phn t : a) H2S b) C6H6 c) CH3OH d) CH3COOH S : c, d 17/ Nhng tiu phn no to c lin kt hydrogen vi nc : a) CH3OCH3 b) CH4 c) F- d) HCOOH e) Na+ S : a, c, d 18/ Diethyleter v n-butanol cng CTPT C4H10O nhng diethyleter si +34,50C, n-butanol si +1170C. Gii thch ? HD : n-butanol to c lin kt hydrogen ni phn t 19/ Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t nhit si tng dn : RbF, CO2, CH3OH, CH3Br 20/ Cho bng d liu : Phn t H2O H2S H2Se Nhit si Ts (K) 373 213 232 -1 Nhit ha hi Hhh (kJ.mol ) 40,6 18,8 19,2 S bin i nhit si, nhit ha hi ca dy H2O, H2S, H2Se nh trn c cn ng cho tng dy cht di y khng ? V sao ? a) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3. b) HF, HCl, HBr, HI. c) CH4, SiH4. HD : Gia cc phn t H2O, H2S, H2Se c tng tc lng cc-lng cc (T S n Se tng tc khuch tn tng) v lc khuch tn. Gia cc phn t H2O cn c lin kt hydrogen lin phn t. Dy a, b lp li nh trn. 21/ Da vo s hnh thnh lin kt hydrogen gia cc phn t, cho bit :
3

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

a) Cht c nhit si cao nht : CO2, SO2, C2H5OH, CH3OH, HI. b) Cht d ha lng nht : CH4, CO2, F2, C2H2, NH3. c) Cht d tan trong nc nht : C2H6, C2H2, C2H5Cl, NH3, H2S. 22/ Cht no trong tng cp cht sau to c lin kt hydrogen lin phn t : a) Ru methylic v trimethylamin b) Methylamin v CH3SH 23/ Cht no c nhit nng chy cao nht : PH3, NH3, (CH3)3N. 24/ Gii thch cc hin tng sau : a) Acid benzoic c CTPT C6H5COOH nhng khi xc nh KLPT ca n bng phng php nghim lnh thu c kt qu M = 244. b) Nitrophenol c 3 ng phn v tr, trong ortho-nitrophenol v para-nitrophenol c nhiu tnh cht l hc rt khc nhau, v d : ortho-nitrophenol para-nitrophenol T0nc (0C) 45,3 114,9 tan (trong 100g nc) 1,08g 26,9g HD : a) Acid benzoic tn ti di dng dimmer vng b) ortho-nitrophenol to c lin kt hydrogen ni phn t, para-nitrophenol to c lin kt hydrogen lin phn t 25/ So snh nht ca ru methylic, ethylenglycol, glyxerin. 26/ Ti nhit 400K, p sut 1,00 atm, khi lng ring ca kh hydroclourur HF bng 3,17 g/ l. Gii thch kt qu thc nghim ? HD : Do cu ni hydrogen lin phn t (H-F)4 27/ Da vo nng lng ht gia cc ion, d on xem gia cc mui NaCl v CsCl, mui no c nhit nng chy cao hn ? Mui no ha tan trong nc nhiu hn ? 28/ D on nhit nng chy cht no trong tng cp cht sau cao hn ? a) BaO v MgO. b) NaI v LiF. c) NaCl v MgCl2. 29/ D on xem hp cht no sau y ha tan trong nc nhiu hn ? a) RbCl v NaCl. b) CsI v CsBr. c) NaI v LiF. 30/ Xt bc ca mi lin kt sau v xp theo chiu gim dn di lin kt : C=N, CN, C-N. 31/ D on xem di lin kt no sau y ngn hn ? a) B-Cl hay Ga-Cl. b) C-O hay Si-O. c) C=C hay C=O (trong acrolein CH2=CH-CHO). d) C-F hay C-Br. 32/ Xt lin kt carbon-oxi trong formaldehid v trong CO. a) Lin kt carbon-oxi trong phn t no ngn hn ? b) Lin kt carbon-oxi trong phn t no bn hn ? 33/ Cho cc phn t : CH4, NCl3, BF3, CS2, H2O, NH3, CO2, ClF, CCl4. a) Phn t no c lin kt phn cc nht ? b) Phn t no phn cc ? khng phn cc ? Gii thch ? 34/ Gii thch : a) Bn cht ion ca MgCl2 ln hn ca AlCl3, cn AlCl3 c bn cht ion ln hn SiCl4.
4

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

b) Ti sao SiO2 l mt cht rn nhit phng, nng chy 1973K trong khi CO2 l cht kh nhit phng v nng chy 217K. c) CaO c nhit nng chy 2973K, cn NaCl ch nng chy 1074K. d) ng glucose tan trong nc nhiu hn trong benzen trong khi ciclohexan li tan trong benzen nhiu hn trong nc. 35/ Cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm v hnh hc ca phn t trong tng phn t hay ion sau y : F2O, SF4, AlCl3, BeCl2, BCl3, CH4, CO2, SF6, PCl5, PBr5, HgCl2, SnCl2, AlI3, PF3, SO2, SO3, H2SO3, SO32-, H2SO4, SO42-, NH3, PH3, AsH3, SiH4, SbH3, H2S, CS2, H2Te, H2O, CCl4, NH4+, NO3-, HNO3, XeF4, BrF5, SiF62-, ClF3, XeF2, XeOF4, C2H4, C2H2. 36/ Nhng phn t no di y ch bao gm cc lin kt cng ha tr : hidroclourur, nc, etan, benzen, axidacetic, ozon, glucose, amoniclourur, aceton, botriflourur, anilin, canxihidroxid, nhm sulfur, phenol, aldehidacetic, canxi carbua. 37/ Nhng phn t no di y ch bao gm cc lin kt cng ha tr trong phn t : ion botetraflourur, bari hidroxid, methanol, phenol, carbon oxid, acidoxalic, acid nitric, ester ethylacetat, ng glycolat, methylamin, acid sulfuric, bari clourur, natri nitrat. 38/ Vit cu hnh electron ca cc tiu phn : H2+, H2, He2+, He2, Li2, Be2, B2, C2, N2, O2, F2, Ne2, NO, CO, BN, OF, O2+, O2-, O22-, CN-, NO+. 39/ p dng phng php VSEPR, cho bit hnh hc cc tiu phn : ICl2-, ICl4-, SnCl5-, BeF42-, SCN-, N2O, AsH3, H3O+, NH2- . 40/ So snh gc ha tr trong tng cp cht sau v gii thch : a) H2O v NH3. b) H2S v H2O. c) F2O v H2O. d) SCl2 v Cl2O. e) F2O v Cl2O. 41/ Xt 2 phn t PF3 v PF5. a) Vit cng thc cu to theo Lewis cc phn t trn. Cho bit trng thi lai ha ca nguyn t trung tm v dng hnh hc phn t ca chng. b) Phn t no c cc ? Phn t no khng c cc ? c) C phn t NF5, AsF5 khng ? Gii thch ? HD : b) PF5 khng phn cc c) Khng c phn t NF5 v lp th 2 ca N khng c phn lp 2d trng c s kch thch t 2p ln 2d c 5e nh P 42/ So snh v gii thch tr s khc nhau ca mi i lng di y : a) Cht Cl2O F2O Gc lin kt 1100 1030 phn cc phn 0,78D 0,03D t b) Cht NH3 NF3 Momen lng cc 1,46D 0,24D Nhit si -330C -1290C HD : a) Trong phn t Cl2O, momen lng cc ca lin kt v ca cp electron t do l cng chiu cn trong phn t F2O l ngc chiu
5

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

b) Gii thch tng t. Phn t NH3 phn cc v to c lin kt hydrogen gia cc phn t 43/ Gii thch v sao : a) Mu ca cc oxid kim loi thng m hn mu ca cc hidroxid tng ng ? b) Oxi l nguyn t hot ng mnh hn clo nhng iu kin thng li km hot ng hn ? c) Khi lm lnh SO3 d ha lng v ha rn ? d) nhit thng, lu hunh c tnh tr v phng din ha hc nhng khi un nng th li kh hot ng ? e) iu kin thng, nitrogen l cht kh nhng phospho li l cht rn ? Phospho l nguyn t c m in nh hn nitrogen nhng li hot ng hn nitrogen ? Nitrogen v clo c m in bng 3 nhng N2 c tnh oxi ha km Cl2 ? f) Phn t NO2 c kh nng trng hp cn phn t SO2 li khng ? g) Acid flourhidric l acid yu li to ra c mui acid cn cc acid HX ca cc halogen cn li l nhng acid mnh nhng khng c kh nng to ra mui acid ? HD : a) O2- lm bin dng ion kim loi mnh hn OH- b) Phn t O2 c 1 lin kt v 2 lin kt , trong khi phn t Cl2 ch c 1 lin kt v mt phn lin kt do s xen ph bi cc electron d c) S lai ha sp2 chuyn thnh sp3. Lm lnh, SO3 chuyn v dng polime (SO3)3 hay (SO3)n d) Phn t dng trng hp mch khp kn e) Kch thc ca N2 b hn phospho, hn na phn t phospho gm mt s ln nguyn t nn nng lng tng tc gia cc phn t N2 b hn phospho. Lin kt P-P trong P4 km bn hn lin kt N-N trong N2, mt khc nguyn t P c orbitan 3d nn electron d b kch thch to 5 electron c thn. Phn t Cl2 c 1 lin kt , trong khi phn t N2 c 1 lin kt v 2lin kt f) Do c mt electron cha ghp i nn NO2 c kh nng trng hp to ra N2O4 g) Nng lng H-F ln, hn na khi ha tan vo nc xy ra qu trnh ion ha to H 3O+ v F-. Ion F- li tng tc vi phn t HF to ion phc HF2-. Do mt phn phn t HF lin kt to HF2- nn lng H3O+ khng ln nn dung dch HF c tnh acid yu. Trong dung dch HF c cc ion dng H2F3-, H3F4-, H4F5- khi trung ha to ra mui acid 44/ p dng m hnh VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) v thuyt VB (Valence Bond) hy kho st cu trc phn t ca : a) SOF4, PBr2F3, PF5, PCl5, PF3Cl2, P(CH3)2F3, SbCl5. b) (CH3)2SnF2, PCl4+, ClO4-. c) TeBr4, SF4, SeF4. d) NO2F, BF3, NO3-, CO32-, SO32-, B(CH3)2F, In(CH3)3, COBr2. e) SeCl2, H2O, OF2, NH2-. f) TeBr6, SF3(CH3)3. 45/ Chng minh v gii thch quy lut bin thin lin tc cc tnh cht vt l (t0s, t0nc, tnh tan trong cc dung dch mi), trng thi, mu sc, tnh oxi ha kh ca cc n cht halogen theo dy F2, Cl2, Br2, I2. HD : Tnh tan trong nc, t0s, t0nc tng do s electron v s lp electron tng khi in tch ht nhn tng lm phn t X2 d b bin dng bin thnh lng cc tm thi nn lc gia cc phn t tng. Tnh oxi ha gim, tnh kh tng v m in ca nguyn t gim, bn knh
6

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

nguyn t tng, hiu ng chn ca ht nhn i vi electron ngoi cng tng nn kh nng nhn in t ca X trong X2 gim. 46/ Ti sao F2 hot ng mnh hn O2 v N2 trong khi phn t ca chng u do 2 nguyn t to ra ? HD : lin kt n km bn hn so vi lin kt i v ba 47/ F2 th hin tnh kh hay tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi cc cht khc ? Chng minh v gii thch. HD : Oxi ha v m in ca F ln nht 48/ Ti sao HF l mt acid khi tc dng vi SiO2 (oxid acid) ? HD : F c m in ln hn O, H c m in ln hn Si. Hp cht SiF 4 bn hn HF. Phn ng y xy ra khng theo quy lut tnh acid-baz m theo quy lut bn cc lin kt ha hc gia cc nguyn t c m in ca cc nguyn t khc nhau 49/ V sao clo cn th hin thm cc s oxi ha +1, +3, +5, +7 ? HD : Dng thuyt VB 50/ Hp cht cha anion O2- c tn ti khng ? Gii thch ? HD : Khng. Do O + 1e O- (+142,3 kJ/mol), O- + 1e O2- (-795,0 kJ/mol).Vic nhn 1e vo ion O- cn mt nng lng rt ln nn O2- khng bn. 51/ Hy sp xp (c gii thch) cc acid cha oxi ca clo HClO4, HClO3, HClO2, HClO theo th t : a) bn phn t gim dn. b) Tnh acid gim dn. c) Tnh oxi ha tng dn. HD : a) Gim dn do khong cch Cl-O tng b) Tnh acid gim dn do s oxi ha ca nguyn t trung tm Cl gim, ng thi s nguyn t oxi lin kt gim dn lm cho lin kt HO km phn cc. c) Tng dn do bn phn t gim 52/ Gii thch v tnh cht NH3 : a) D ha lng v tan nhiu trong nc ? b) C kh nng to phc cht vi mt s cation kim loi nh Cu2+, Zn2+, Cu+, Ag+ ? HD : a) Lin kt hydrogen b) To lin kt cho nhn gia cp electron t do ca nguyn t N vi AO trng ca cc cation

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

1/ Cc nguyn t ca nhng nguyn t no c cu hnh nh sau : a) 2s22p63s23p1 b) 3s23p63d34s2 c) 3s23p63d104s24p5 d) 4s24p64d75s1 S : a) Al b) V c) Br d) Ru 2/ Cho cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t sau : a) 1s22s22p63s23p4 b) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 c) 1s22s22p63s23p6 Nguyn t no l kim loi ? phi kim ? kh him ? S : a) PK b) KL c) KH 3/ Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh electron nh sau : a) 1s22s22p1 b) 1s22s22p6 c) 1s22s22p63s23p5 d) 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2 Xc nh v tr ca chng (chu k, nhm, phn nhm) trong bng h thng tun hon. Nguyn t no l kim loi, l phi kim, l kh him ? 4/ Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t c s th t 19, 24, 35, 52, 83. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon v nu tnh cht. 5/ Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t Cu (Z = 29), Se (Z = 34), Mo (Z = 42), I (Z = 53). Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. 6/ Xc nh nhm ca tng nguyn t c cu hnh electron nh sau : a) [Ne] 3s1 b) [Ne] 3s23p3 c) [Ne] 3s23p6 d) [Ne] 3d84s2 S : a) IA b) VA c) VIIIA d) VIIIB 7/ Mt ion kim loi in tch +3 c 5 electron phn lp 3d. nh tn kim loi. S : Fe 8/ Cho bit tn cc ion in tch +3 c cu hnh electron nh sau : a) [Ar] 3d3 b) [Kr] 4d6 c) [Xe] 4f45d6 S : a) Cr3+ b) Rh3+ c) Ir3+ 9/ Cho cc tiu phn sau y : C, Cl-, Mn2+, B-, Ar, Zn, Fe3+, Ge2+. Nhng tiu phn no ng electron vi nhau ? S : C v B-, Cl- v Ar, Mn2+ v Fe3+, Zn v Ge2+ 10/ Cho cc tiu phn sau : O+, Ar, S2-, Ne, Zn, Cs+, N3-, As3+, N, Xe. Nhng tiu phn no ng electron vi nhau ? S : O+ v N, Ar v S2-, Ne v N3-, Zn v As3+, Cs+ v Xe 11/ Tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 34.
8

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

a) Cho bit s th t ca nguyn t v s khi ca nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t. c) Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. S : a) Z = 11, A = 23 12/ A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh trong bng h thng tun hon, B thuc nhm V. trng thi n cht, A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca A v B l 23. Xc nh tn A, B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. S : A (S), B (N) 13/ A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng phn nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn nguyn t ca A v B l 32. Xc nh tn A, B v vit cu hnh electron ca chng. S : A (Mg), B (Ca) 14/ Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M+ v ion X2-. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31. a) Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion M+ v X2-. b) Xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng h thng tun hon. S : K, O 15/ Khong cch gia cc nguyn t carbon trong cc phn t C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 ln lt bng 153,6 pm; 133,9 pm; 120,8 pm. Tm bn knh cng ha tr ca carbon. S : 76,8 pm; 66,95 pm; 60,4 pm 16/ Tnh bn knh nguyn t cc kim loi kim Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs t cc d kin sau : a) Kim loi Li Na K Rb Cs d (pm) 310 378 472 496 536 d : khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t kim loi trong mng li tinh th kim loi. b) Kim loi Li Na K Rb Cs d (pm) 267,2 307,8 392,3 422 440 d : khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t M trong phn t kh M2 trng thi c bn. Gii thch s sai khc gia cc kt qu. HD : a) Bk kim loi b) Bk cng ha tr Bk kim loi ln hn bk cng ha tr 17/ Trong cc tiu phn sau, tiu phn no c bn knh ln nht : Mg, Na, Na+, Mg2+, Al. S : Na 18/ Trong cc ion sau, ion no c bn knh nh nht : Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+. S : Be2+ 19/ Trong 3 dy tiu phn di y, dy no xp cc tiu phn theo th t bn knh gim dn : a) Be, Mg, Ba b) N3-, O2-, F- c) Tl3+, Tl2+, Tl+ S : dy b 20/ Cho cc tiu phn ng electron sau : O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+. Sp xp theo : a) Bn knh ion tng dn. b) Nng lng ion ha tng dn.
9

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

S : a) Mg2+, Na+, F-, O2- b) O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+. 21/ Nng lng ion ha I1 ca Li, Be, C tng ng bng 520; 899; 1086 (kJ/mol). D on nng lng ion ha I1 ca B v N. HD : NL ion ha ca B nh hn Be, NL ion ha ca N ln hn C 22/ Xp cc tiu phn trong tng nhm sau theo th t tng dn nng lng ion ha : a) K+, Ar, Cl-. b) Na, Mg, Al. c) C, N, O. d) Ag, Cu, Au. S : a) Cl-, Ar, K+ b) Na, Al, Mg c) C, O, N d) Ag, Cu, Au 23/ Xp cc nguyn t trong tng nhm sau theo th t tng dn i lc vi electron : a) Li, Na, K b) F, Cl, Br, I S : a) K, Na, Li b) I, Br, F, Cl 24/ V sao nguyn t mangan thuc nhm VII l kim loi trong khi nguyn t clo v cc halogen khc cng thuc nhm VII nhng li l phi kim ? HD : Mn thuc nhm VII (nguyn t d), Cl thuc nh VIIA (nguyn t p) 25/ a) Loi nguyn t no to c hp cht kh vi hidro ? V tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon ? b) S oxi ha dng cao nht ca nguyn t R l +7. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t R cha 2 electron. Nguyn t R c to c hp cht kh vi hidro khng ? HD : a) Ngoi tr oxi, cc PK to vi hidro cc hp cht kh iu kin thng. Chng l cc nguyn t p thuc cc nhm chnh III, IV, V, VI, VII. b) Khng (do thuc nhm VIIIB) 26/ Baz no trong tng cp baz sau mnh hn : a) NaOH v CsOH b) Ba(OH)2 v Ca(OH)2 S : a) CsOH b) Ba(OH)2 27/ Acid no trong tng cp acid sau mnh hn : a) H2SO3 v H2SO4 b) H2SO4 v H2SeO4 S : a), b) H2SO4 28/ Nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi hidro c cng thc RH3. Trong oxid cao nht, nguyn t R chim xp x 25,93% khi lng. Tm tn nguyn t R. S : N 29/ Mt nguyn t to vi oxi hai oxid. Trong oxid th nht, oxi chim 50% khi lng; trong oxid th hai, oxi chim 60% khi lng. nh tn nguyn t. S : S 30/ S oxi ha ca nguyn t R trong oxid cao nht l a v trong hp cht hidro l b, bit rng : a b = 6 a) Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng h thng tun hon. Nu tnh cht ca R. b) nh R, bit trong hp cht vi hidro, R chim 97,26% khi lng. S : Clo 31/ Hp cht X to bi 2 nguyn t A, B c KLPT 76. A v B c s oxi ha dng cao nht trong cc oxid l n0 v m0 v c s oxi ha m trong cc hp cht vi hidro l nH v mH tha mn cc iu kin sau y : n0 = nH , m0 = 3mH
10

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

Bit A c s oxi ha dng cao nht trong X. nh CTPT X. S : CS2 32/ Nguyn t R to c oxid cao nht c KLPT 100. nh tn R v CTPT oxid cao nht ca n. S : CrO3 33/ a) Cc electron ha tr ca cc nguyn t nhm A nm nhng lp no ? nu dn chng. b) Cc electron ha tr ca cc nguyn t nhm B nm nhng lp no ? nu dn chng. c) Nu nhn xt v s electron ha tr ca cc nguyn t nhm A v nhm B mang cng s th t nhm (v d : VIIA v VIIB, VA v VB). 34/ Nu khng nh Cc nhm B ch gm cc nguyn t kim loi th c ng khng ? 35/ Nhng tnh cht no sau y bin i tun hon, bin i khng tun hon theo chiu tng ca s hiu nguyn t ? a) Nng lng ion ha b) in tch ht nhn c) Cng thc cc oxid d) S proton trong ht nhn nguyn t e) S electron lp ngoi cng f) Tnh acid baz ca cc oxid g) Khi lng nguyn t h) S electron trong nguyn t 36/ V sao c nhng tnh cht bin i tun hon, c nhng tnh cht bin i khng tun hon theo chiu tng ca s hiu nguyn t ? 37/ Sp xp cc nguyn t Na, Mg, Si, Ge theo th t tng dn nng lng ion ha. Hy gii thch cho s sp xp ny. 38/ Sp xp cc nguyn t B, Na, F, S theo th t tng dn m in. Gii thch cho s sp xp . 39/ Sp xp cc ion trong tng dy sau theo chiu tng dn ca bn knh ion v gii thch cho s sp xp : a) Ca2+, K+, Al3+. b) S2-, Cl-, Te2-. c) N3-, O2-, F-. 40/ a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng : H2 + I2 2K + H2 NaH + H2O b) D on tnh cht ion, tnh cht cng ha tr, tnh cht acid, tnh cht baz ca cc hp cht to thnh. 41/ Sp xp cc cht sau theo chiu tng tnh acid v chiu tng tnh baz : SO3, Cl2O7, CaO, PbO2. 42/ Cho bng d liu : Nguyn t Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Bn knh nguyn t (Angxtrom) 1,56 1,36 1,25 1,17 1,10 1,04 0,99 Bn knh ion (Angxtrom) 0,95 0,65 0,50 1,84 1,81 -1 Nng lng ion ha th nht (kJ.mol ) 492 743 579 791 1060 1003 1254
11

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

Hy gii thch : a) Trong chu k, bn knh gim dn t Na n Cl. b) Bn knh cc ion Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ nh hn bn knh cc nguyn t tng ng; trong khi , bn knh cc ion Cl-, S2- ln hn bn knh cc nguyn t tng ng. c) Ni chung, nng lng ion ha tng t Na n Cl. d) Nng lng ion ha ca Al nh hn Mg. e) Nng lng ion ha ca S nh hn P 43/ Cho cc nguyn t : Li, Be, B, N, F, Ne. a) n cht no c nhit nng chy cao nht ? b) Nguyn t no c nng lng ion ha th nht cao nht ? c) Nguyn t no c nng lng ion ha th hai thp nht ? 44/ Cho bit bin i nng lng tng qu trnh sau : a) F (k) + e- F- (k) - H 0 (a) b) F2(k) 2F (k) H 0 (b) c) Na (k) Na+ (k) + eH 0 (c) d) Na (s) + F2 (k) NaF (r) H 0 (d) i lng no l : nng lng ion ha, i lc vi electron, nng lng phn li lin kt, bin thin entanpi to thnh tiu chun ? S : H 0 (c), - H 0 (a), H 0 (b), H 0 (d) 45/ Tnh bin thin nng lng cho tng qu trnh sau y : a) Li (k) + I (k) Li+ (k) + I- (k) b) Na (k) + F (k) Na+ (k) + F- (k) c) K (k) + Cl (k) K+ (k) + Cl- (k) Cho gi tr nng lng ion ha I1 ca Li, Na, K ln lt l +520; +495,9; +418,7 (kJ), i lc vi electron ca Li, Na, K ln lt l 295; 328; 349 (kJ). S : a) 225 kJ b) +167,9 kJ c) 69,7 kJ

12

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

1/ a) Tm th tch cc lng kh sau y iu kin chun : 80g O2, 3g NO, 128g SO2. b) Tm th tch iu kin tiu chun ca mt mol tng cht sau : kh O2, kh CO2, glyxerin (l cht lng c khi lng ring d = 12,6 g/ml). 2/ Tm khi lng kh butan cha trong mt bnh kn dung tch 25 l, p sut 16,4 atm, nhit 870C. S : 805,51g 3/ Khi lng ring ca kh oxi iu kin tiu chun l 1,43 g/l. Tm khi lng ring ca n 170C v 800 torr. S : 1,42 g/l 4/ 180C, 765 torr, 3,71g mt cht kh chim th tch 2,29 l. Tm khi lng mol phn t cht kh. S : 38,43 g/mol 5/ Khi lng ring ca mt cht kh 400C, 758 torr l 1,386 kg/m3. Tm khi lng mol phn t cht kh. S : 35,7 g/mol 6/ Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp cng th tch H2 v O2 1500C, 1 atm. t chy hn hp a bnh v 1500C, p sut mi ca bnh l bao nhiu ? S : 0,75 atm 7/ Mt bnh kn dung tch c nh cha hn hp cng th tch O2 v axetilen 1500C. t chy hn hp, phn ng hon ton. Hi p sut mi ca bnh tng hay gim nh th no so vi ban u khi a bnh v 1500C ? S : Gim 10% 8/ Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp cng th tch H2 v N2 00C, 10 atm. Sauk hi tin hnh tng hp amoniac, a nhit bnh v 00C. a) Tm p sut bnh sau phn ng, gi s c 60% lng hidro phn ng. b) Nu p sut trong bnh sau phn ng l 9 atm th c bao nhiu % mi kh tc dng ? S : a) 8 atm b) 10% N2, 30% H2 9/ Trn 30 l kh CH4 vi 40 l kh H2 v 10 l kh CO cng nhit . p sut ban u ca CH4, H2 v CO tng ng l 720, 630, 816 mmHg. Th tch hn hp bng 80 l. Tnh p sut ring ca tng kh v p sut chung ca hn hp. S : 270, 315, 102, 687 (mmHg) 10/ Mt bnh 5 l cha oxi c p sut 9 atm ni vi mt bnh khc 10 l cha oxi c p sut 6 atm. M kha cho thng kh hai bnh, hi p sut kh cui cng bng bao nhiu ? S : 7 atm 11/ Cho 4,17g PCl5 ha hi ti 2730C trong mt bnh kn dung dch tch khng i 4,48 l. Mt phn PCl5 b phn hy theo phng trnh phn ng : PCl5 (k) PCl3 (k) + Cl2 (k) p sut cui cng l 0,3 atm. Tnh p sut ring tng kh trong hn hp. S : 0,1 atm 12/ Da vo phng trnh Van Der Waals, cho bit c bao nhiu mol amoniac trong bnh ng 7,00 l 20,0 atm v 1000C (a = 4,17, b = 0,0371) ?
13

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

S : 4,91 mol 13/ Tnh p sut ca 0,60 mol kh NH3 cha trong bnh dung tch 3,00 l 250C, vi gi thit rng : a) Amoniac l mt cht kh l tng. b) Amoniac l mt kh thc (cho a = 3,59 l2.atm.mol-1 v b = 0,0427 l.mol-1) S : a) 4,89 atm b) 4,76 atm 14/ Cho bit nhit nng chy ca tng cht trong mi cp cht di y, hy xp tng cht vo tng nhm tinh th : a) K (620C) ; KCl (7900C) b) SnCl2 (8730C) ; SO2 (-730C) c) Kr (-1690C) ; Ar (-1900C) d) Fe (15350C) ; Ca (8100C) e) SiC (29730C) ; CS2 (-1090C) S : a) KL, ion b) ion, phn t c) phn t d) KL e) cng ha tr, phn t 15/ Trong s cc cht cho di y, cht no c cu trc mng li tinh th phn t, cht no c cu trc mng li cng ha tr : a) S8 b) HBr c) Si d) CO2 e) C (graphit) f) P4O6 g) B h) SiH4 16/ Da theo kiu cu trc mng li tinh th, hy phn loi cc cht trng thi rn sau : a) CO2 b) B c) S8 d) KBr e) Mg f) SiO2 g) LiCl h) Cr 17/ Tnh nng lng mng tinh th ion ca CsI, bit rng khong cch gia hai ion l 395 pm. Hng s Madelung M = 1,76, h s y Born n = 12. S : -566,5 kJ/mol 18/ Tnh nng lng mng li tinh th ion MgS t cc d kin : - Entanpi to thnh tiu chun ca MgS (r) bng -343,9 kJ.mol-1. - Nhit thng hoa ca Mg (r) : 152,7 kJ.mol-1. - Nng lng ion ha ca Mg : I1 + I2 = 2178,2 kJ.mol-1. - Nng lng phn ly cho 1 mol nguyn t lu hunh : 557,3 kJ.mol-1. - i lc vi electron ca S : E1 + E2 = -302,9 kJ.mol-1. S : 2929,2 kJ.mol-1 19/ Tnh i lc vi electron ca nguyn t clo, bit : - Entanpi to thnh tiu chun ca RbCl (r) bng -430,5 kJ.mol-1. - Nhit thng hoa ca Rb (r) : 85,8 kJ.mol-1. - Nng lng ion ha ca Rb (k) : I1 = 397,5 kJ.mol-1. - Nng lng phn ly lin kt ca clo : 225,9 kJ.mol-1. - Nng lng hnh thnh mng li tinh th ion ca RbCl l -694,5 kJ.mol-1. S : -332,3 kJ.mol-1 20/ Cho bng d liu : Cht NaF MgO CaO SrO BaO cng ( cng kim cng bng 10) 3,2 6,5 4,5 3,5 3,3 0 Nhit nng chy ( C) 990 2800 2580 2430 1920 Gii thch s bin i cc tnh cht vt l ny, cho bit thm khong cch ngn nht r0 gia cc ion :

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Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

Cht NaF MgO CaO SrO BaO Khong cch r0 (pm) 231 210,6 240,5 258 276,2 HD : r0 cng nh, in tch ion cng ln th cng, nhit nng chy cng cao 21/ Mui CaF2 l mt cht bn c nhit nng chy 14000C v nhit si l 25000C. Tri li, CuI2 v AuI3 khng bn, khng tn ti ngay nhit thng. Gii thch ? HD : Cu2+, Au3+ c tc dng cc ha mnh hn Ca2+. Ion I- d b cc ha hn ion F22/ Ti sao kim cng v than ch cng cu to bi cc nguyn t carbon nhng kim cng th rn, than ch th mm ? 23/ a) V sao cc tinh th ion c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao ? b) V sao cc tinh th ion cng v gin ? 24/ Nu c im ca cc cht c cu trc tinh th. 25/ Phn bit mt cht c cu trc tinh th v mt cht v nh hnh. 26/ Cho cc cht sau trng thi rn (khi nhit thp v p sut thch hp, mi cht u c th trng thi rn) : Cu, Si, NH3, NaI, Xe. a) Cht no dn in tt ? b) Cht no khng dn in trng thi rn nhng khi nng chy li dn in ? c) Cht no rn, gin v khng tan trong nc ? d) Cht no d b dt mng, ko thnh si ? e) Cht no c lin kt hydrogen gia cc phn t ? f) Cht no c nhit nng chy thp nht ? 27/ Cho cc cht sau trng thi rn : Natri, silic, benzen, argon, kalibromur. a) Cht no c nhit nng chy thp ? b) Cht no khng dn in trng thi rn nhng khi nng chy li dn in ? c) Cht no b dng in phn hy trng thi nng chy (lng) ?

15

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

1/ Theo Bronsted Lowry, trong cc tiu phn di y, tiu phn no l acid, baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh : HCN, CO32-, NH4+, HCO3-, H3O+, H2O, Na+, CH3COO-, Cl-. 2/ Di y l cc acid Bronsted, cho bit tn v cng thc cc baz lin hp ca tng acid : C6H5OH (phenol), HCOOH, HS-, N2H5+. 3/ Di y l cc baz Bronsted, cho bit tn v cng thc cc acid lin hp ca tng baz : HCO3-, CO32-, CH3NH2, H2O. 4/ Glixin l mt amino-acid tn ti ch yu di dng : +NH3CH2COO-. Vit cng thc ca baz lin hp v acid lin hp ca glixin. 5/ Acid oxalic c CTPT C2H2O4. Trong mt dung dch acid oxalic c mt bn loi tiu phn sau vi nng khc nhau : C2H2O4, C2HO4-, C2O42-, H+. Vy trong s cc tiu phn , tiu phn no ch c kh nng l acid bronsted, tiu phn no ch c kh nng l baz bronsted, tiu phn no lng tnh ? 6/ Nhn din cc cp acid baz lin hp trong tng phn ng sau : a) CH3COOH + CN- CH3COO- + HCN b) NH3 + H2PO4- HPO42- + NH4+ c) HCO3- + H2O H2CO3 + OHd) H3O+ + OH- 2H2O 7/ Ln lt ha tan tng mui sau vo nc thnh tng dung dch : NaNO3, Na2S, Al2(SO4)3, K2CO3, NH4CN, NaAlO2, NH4H2PO4. Cho bit mi trng ca tng dung dch. Gii thch ? 8/ Khi trn dung dch FeCl3 vi dung dch Na2CO3 th thy c kt ta v si bt kh. Gii thch ? 9/ Khi trn hai dung dch Al2(SO4)3 + K2S cng nh khi trn hai dung dch Al(NO3)3 + K2CO3, ngi ta thy c 2 trng hp cng xut hin mt kt ta. Gii thch ? HD : Kt ta l Al(OH)3 10/ D on nh tnh v gii thch kh nng phn ng xy ra trong cc dung dch nc ca cc cht sau y : a) K2SO4 + CH3COONa b) K2SO3 1M + HCl 0,1M c) Na2HPO4 0,1M + H2SO4 0,1M d) Ba(OH)2 0,01M + CO2 0,015M e) CuSO4 1M + Na2SO4 1M + NaOH 2M

16

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

Th in cc tiu chun ca cc cp oxi ha kh 250C Na phn ng E0 (Volt) Dng oxi ha + ne- Dng kh lin hp Li+ + eLi -3,045 K+ + eK -2,925 2+ Ba + 2e Ba -2,906 2+ Sr + 2e Sr -2,89 2+ Ca + 2e Ca -2,866 Na+ + eNa -2,714 2+ Mg + 2e Mg -2,363 2+ Be + 2e Be -1,85 3+ Al + 3e Al -1,662 Mn2+ + 2eMn -1,180 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH -0,83 2+ Zn + 2e Zn -0,763 Cr3+ + 3eCr -0,744 2+ Fe + 2e Fe -0,440 3+ 2+ Cr + e Cr -0,410 2+ Cd + 2e Cd -0,403 PbSO4 + 2ePb + SO42-0,31 2+ Co + 2e Co -0,277 2+ Ni + 2e Ni -0,250 2+ Sn + 2e Sn -0,136 Pb2+ + 2ePb -0,126 + H +e H2 0 4+ 2+ Sn + 2e Sn +0,15 Cu2+ + eCu+ +0,15 2+ SO4 + 4H + 2e SO2 + 2H2O +0,20 AgCl + e Ag + Cl +0,233 3+ Bi + 3e Bi +0,28 Cu2+ + 2eCu +0,337 O2 + 2H2O + 4e4OH+0,40 + Cu + e Cu +0,521 I2 + 2e 2I +0,536 MnO4- + eMnO42+0,56 MnO4 + 2H2O + 3e MnO2 + 4OH +0,59 + O2 + 4H + 4e H2O2 +0,68 Fe3+ + eFe2+ +0,771 Hg22+ + 2e2Hg +0,788 + Ag + e Ag +0,799
17

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha +0,854 +0,906 +0,96 +1,07 +1,20 +1,23 +1,23 +1,23 +1,33 +1,359 +1,498 +1,61 +1,78 +1,82 +2,07 +2,87 0,00

chemist2408

Hg2+ + 2eHg 2Hg+ + 2eHg22+ NO3- + 4H+ + 3eNO + 2H2O Br2 + 2e 2Br2+ Pt + 2e Pt O2 + 4H+ + 4e2H2O + 2+ MnO2 + 4H + 2e Mn + 2H2O 2+ Cr2O7 + 14H + 6e 2Cr3+ + 7H2O Cl2 + 2e 2ClAu3+ + 3eAu + MnO4 + 8H + 5e Mn2+ + 7H2O Ce4+ + eCe3+ + H2O2 + 2H + 2e 2H2O 3+ 2+ Co + e Co + O3 + 2H + 2e O2 + H2O F2 + 2e 2F2H+ + 2eH2 (lm chun)

1/ Cho bit cht oxi ha, cht kh trong mi phng trnh phn ng di y; ch r cc cp oxi ha kh lin hp tng ng : a) H2 + Cl2 HCl b) Fe3+ + I- Fe2+ + I2 c) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + H2O d) Cl2 + NaOH NaCl + NaOCl + H2O 2/ Cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng sau bng 2 phng php l thng bng s oxi ha v thng bng electron : a) HI + H2SO4 I2 + H2S + H2O b) NaNO2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 NaNO3 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O c) H2S+ HNO3 S + NO2 + H2O d) P + HNO3 + H2O H3PO4 + NO e) SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4 f) K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O g) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + H2O h) As2S3+ HNO3 + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO i) I2 + Ba(OH)2 BaI2 + Ba(IO3)2 + H2O j) P + H2O H3PO4 + PH3 k) (NH4)2Cr2O7 N2 + Cr2O3 + H2O l) CH3-CH2OH + K2Cr2O7 + HCl CH3-CHO + CrCl3 + KCl + H2O m) C6H12O6 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 CO2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O n) C12H22O11 + H2SO4 CO2 + SO2 + H2O o) C6H5-NO2 + Fe + H2O C6H5-NH2 + Fe3O4 p) CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 CH3COOH + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O r) CH3CH=CH2 + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 CH3COOH + CO2 + K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
18

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

s) C6H5CH2CH3 + KMnO4 C6H5COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + KOH + H2O t) CH3CCH + KMnO4 + KOH CH3COOK + K2CO3 + MnO2 + H2O u) MnO4- + SO32- + H+ Mn2+ + SO42- + H2O v) MnO4- + H2C2O4 + H+ Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O w) MnO4- + Fe3O4 + H2O Fe2O3 + MnO2 + OHx) MnO4- + SO32- + OH- MnO42- + SO42- + H2O y) FeSO4 + HNO3 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + H2O z) Cr2O72- + C3H7OH + H+ C2H5COOH + Cr3+ + H2O a) KMnO4 + H2O2 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + O2 + H2O b) FeSO4 + H2O2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O c) ClO3- + I- + H+ Cl- + H2O + I2 d) CuFeS2 + Fe2(SO4)3 + O2 + H2O CuSO4 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 e) Al + NaNO3 + NaOH Na3AlO3 + NH3 + H2O f) FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O g) CrCl3 + NaOCl + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaCl + H2O h) K2SO3 + KMnO4 + KHSO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O i) P + NH4ClO4 H3PO4 + N2 + Cl2 + H2O j) As2S3 + KClO3 H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + KCl k) K2S + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 S + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O 3/ Tnh th in cc ca in cc hidro 250C khi p sut hidro bng 1 atm v tm platin dng lm in cc nhng trong dung dch c : a) pH = 0. b) pH = 7. c) pH = 14. S : a) 0 b) -0,413V c) -0,826V 4/ Cho bit kim loi no sau y tan c trong nc nguyn cht : Li, Mg, Fe, Ni, Sn ? S : Trong nc nguyn cht, E0 ca 2H+/H2 = -0,413V. Ch c Li, Mg, Fe tan c. 5/ a) Zn v Cu c phn ng vi dung dch HCl 250C khng ? V sao ? b) Ti sao Fe phn ng vi dung dch HCl cho FeCl2 m khng phi l FeCl3 ? c) Tnh E0 ca cp Fe3+/Fe nu bit th in cc chun ca Fe2+/Fe = -0,44V, Fe3+/ Fe2+ = +0,77V. S : a) Ch Zn phn ng do tnh kh Zn > H2 > Cu v tnh oxi ha Cu2+ > H+ > Zn2+ (theo E0) b) E0 ca Fe2+/Fe < 2H+/H2 < Fe3+/Fe2+ c) -0,04V 6/ Vit s cc pin in ng vi tng phn ng : a) 2Ag+ (dd) + Cu (r) 2Ag (r) + Cu2+ (dd) b) 2Fe2+ (dd) + Cl2 (k) 2Fe3+ (dd) + 2Cl- (dd) c) Cl2 (k) + H2 (k) 2H+ (dd) + 2Cl- (dd) d) Zn (r) + 2AgCl (r) Zn2+ (dd) + 2Cl- (dd) + 2Ag (r) S : a) Cu (r) Cu2+ (dd) Ag+ (dd) Ag (r) b) Fe2+ (dd) Fe3+ (dd) Cl- (dd) Cl2 (k) c) H2 (k) H+ (dd) Cl- (dd) Cl2 (k) d) Zn (r) Zn2+ (dd) Cl- (dd) AgCl (r) Ag (r)

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Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

7/ Xp cc cht oxi ha sau y theo chiu tng ca tnh oxi ha : dung dch Sn2+, dung dch Cr2O72- (trong mi trng acid) v Br2 lng. S : Sn2+ < Br2 < Cr2O728/ Tm gi tr E0 cho tng phn ng oxi ha-kh sau y : a) Sn4+ (dd) + Sn (r) 2Sn2+ (dd) b) 8H+ (dd) + 2NO3- (dd) + 3Cu (r) 2NO (k) + 3Cu2+ (dd) + 4H2O (l) S : a) +0,286V b) +0,623V 9/ Vit biu thc Q ng vi tng qu trnh in cc sau : a) Sn4+ (dd) + 2eSn2+ (dd) 2+ b) Cu (r) 2e Cu (dd) c) I2 (r) + 2e 2I- (dd) d) MnO4 (dd) + 8H+ + 5eMn2+ (dd) + 4H2O (l) 2 Mn 2+ S n2+ I 2+ S : a) Q = b) Q = [Cu ] c) Q = d) Q = 8 [I 2] S n 4+ MnO 4 H + 10/ Vit biu thc ton ca phng trnh Nernst cho cc qu trnh : a) Al (r) 3e- Al3+ (dd) b) MnO4- (dd) + 8H+ + 5e- Mn2+ (dd) + 4H2O (l) 0,0592 Mn 2+ 0,0592 3+ 0 0 lg lg Al S : a) E = E b) E = E 8 5 5 MnO H +

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11/ Vit biu thc ton ca phng trnh Nernst cho cc qu trnh : a) Sn4+ (dd) + Sn (r) 2Sn2+ (dd) b) Cr2O72- (dd) + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ (dd) 2Cr3+ (dd) + 6Fe3+ (dd) + 7H2O (l)
0,0592 S n2+ 0 lg S : a) E = E 2 S n 4+

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0,0592 C r 3+ F e 3+ 0 lg b) E = E 6 6 C r2O 72 F e 2+ H

12/ Bit qu trnh : AsO43- (dd) + 2H+ (dd) + 2e- AsO33- (dd) + H2O (l) c th kh tiu chun E0 = +0,57V. Tnh th in cc kh ca phn ng in cc sau : AsO43- (dd) + 2H+ (dd) + 2e- AsO33- (dd) + H2O (l) ti mi trng pH = 8, vi [AsO43-] = [AsO33-] = 0,1M. S : +0,096V 13/ Tnh nng lng t do tiu chun v hng s cn bng ca phn ng di y iu kin tiu chun : Sn (r) + 2Cu2+ (dd) Sn2+ (dd) + 2Cu+ (dd) S : -56 kJ; 6.109 14/ Tnh in th ca na phn ng : Cu2+ + 2e- Cu S : +0,34V 15/ iu kin chun, phn ng 2Cu+ Cu + Cu2+ c din ra t pht khng ? S : C (v E0 = + 0,38V) 16/ Tnh hng s cn bng ca tng phn ng : a) 2Fe3+ (dd) + Fe (r) 3Fe2+ (dd) b) Mg2+ (dd) + H2 (k) Mg (r) + 2H+ (dd) S : a) 8,17.1040 b) 1,745.10-80
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+ 14

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

17/ Xt chiu cc phn ng sau iu kin tiu chun : a) Cu + Fe2+ Cu2+ + Fe b) 2Fe3+ (dd) + Sn2+ 2Fe2+ + Sn4+ S : a) nghch b) thun 18/ Cho cc na phn ng : Zn2+ + 2e Zn Fe2+ + 2e Fe I2 + 2e 2IFe3+ + e Fe2+ Ce4+ + e Ce3+ a) Cht no l cht oxi ha mnh nht ? b) Cht no l cht kh mnh nht ? c) Cht no c kh nng oxi ha ion I- thnh I2 ? 19/ Cho cc thanh kim loi : Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ag v cc dung dch mui (nng 1M) : AlCl3, ZnSO4, FeSO4, Pb(NO3)2, CuSO4, AgNO3. C th lp c nhng pin no ? 20/ Xt xem cc phn ng sau c xy ra khng ? a) Na v F2 b) F- v Na+ c) F2 v Na+ 2+ ( d) Cl2 v Fe e) I2 v Br

21

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

1/ Cho bit tn, v tr trong bng h thng tun hon ca nguyn t c cu hnh electron nguyn t nh sau : a) [He] 2s22p5. b) [Ne] 3s23p5. c) [Ar] 3d104s24p5. d) [Kr] 4d105s25p5. S : a) F b) Cl c) Br d) I 2/ Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion F-, Cl-, Br- v I-. 3/ Trong 4 n cht : F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, cht no c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao nht ? Gii thch ? S : Gia cc phn t u c lc Van Der Waals, lc ny tng theo KLPT (chnh xc hn l th tch) 4/ c tn cc hp cht di y v cho bit s oxi ha ca clo trong mi hp cht : Cl2O, HClO2, Cl2O7, HClO, Cl2O3, HClO4, HClO3, NaClO, Ca(ClO)2, KClO3, CaOCl2. 5/ Cho bng d liu : Cht HF HCl HBr HI 0 Nhit si ( C) +19,5 -84,9 -66,7 -35,8 Gii thch ? HD : Do HF tn ti dng (HF)n 6/ V sao s oxi ha ca oxi c th l -2, 0, +2, +4 nhng c trng l -2 ? HD : 7/ Oxi v Ozon l hai dng th hnh ca nguyn t oxi. Cho bit iu kin chuyn ha sang nhau. So snh cu to v tnh cht l ha ca hai n cht y. S : 8/ Phn t O2 rt bn v c tnh thun t. a) Gii thch da theo cu hnh electron ha tr ca phn t, cu to phn t O2 (theo phng php MO v phng php VB). b) Da theo cng thc cu to O=O (p dng quy tc bt t) c th gii thch c hai tnh cht k trn ca oxi c khng ?

22

Trng H Khoa Hc T Nhin (HQG TPHCM)

Khoa Ha

chemist2408

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