CHT IU HA SINH TRNG THC VT

Nhm 6 Lp : Sp Sinh hc K08 Ging vin: Trn Th Phng Hnh

Gii thiu chung

Trong i sng thc vt, ngoi cc cht hu c nh gluxit, protin, lipit, axit nucleic... cu trc nn t bo, m v cung cp nng lng cho cc hot ng sng ca chng, th cn c cc cht c hot tnh sinh l nh vitamin, enzyme v cc hormone, trong cc hormone c mt vai tr rt quan trng trong vic iu ha qa trnh sinh trng pht trin v cc hot ng sinh l ca thc vt.

GA

Hoocmon tng trng

Ht

Cy mm

Cy con

ABA ethylen

Hoocmon ra hoa

Hoocmon tng trng

Lo suy

Ra hoa, tri, ht

Cy trng thnh

Ni dung
I. Khi nim v cht iu ho sinh trng thc vt II. Cc cht kch thch sinh trng

1. Auxin
2. Gibberellin 3. Cytokinin

III. Cc cht c ch sinh trng

1. Axit abscisic 2. Ethylen

3. Cc hp cht c bn cht phenol

IV. ng dng thc tin ca cc cht sinh trng thc vt

I. Khi nim
cht hu c cn thit

Bn cnh cc cht iu ho sinh trng t nhin (c tng hp trong c th thc vt) cn c cc 1 lng rt nh cht do con ngi tng hp nn (gi l cc cht iu ho sinh ha Cht iu trng nhn to).
sinh trng thc vt
nh hng trn cc bc

khng phi cht dinh dng

II. Cht kch thch sinh trng thc vt

Auxin

Auxin - hormone kch thch thc vt sinh trng

Auxin l mt -indolacetic acid (IAA). Trong cy Auxin c tng hp ch yu t nh sinh trng ngn. T n c vn chuyn n cc b phn khc trong cy theo hng gc. Ngoi ra cc b phn cn non nh l, qu non cng tng hp c Auxin Trong cy Auxin tn ti 2 trng thi: t do(5%) v lin kt(95%).

Cu trc ho hc
Auxin l mt hp cht tng i n gin, c nhn indole, c cng thc nguyn l: C10H9O2N

auxin t nhin - IAA

auxin tng hp

Tc dng sinh l ca Auxin

1. Kch thch pha gin ca t bo nn lm kch thc m v cy ln ln

2.Tnh hng ng ca cy: hng quang, hng a

+

auxin c vn chuyn n bn khng c chiu sng, kch thch s ko di t bo, phn c chiu sng sinh trng chm hn cy hng v pha c nh sng

tng t, auxin c vn chuyn xung phn thp hn v kch thch sinh trng vng ny. Mt s th nghim cho thy cy c th nhn bit c trng lc phn b auxin

3. Km hm s rng l, hoa, qu

4. Gy hin tng u th ngn

auxin kch thch tng hp etilen v chnh cht ny c ch s sinh trng ca chi bn

5. Kch thch s hnh thnh r

c Auxin

Khng c auxin

6. To qu khng ht, kch thch bu pht trin thnh qu

7. Nng sut thu hoch cao

Gibberellin

Gibberellin - cht iu ho phn chia t bo thc vt

Gibberellin l 1 hp cht izoprenoit c hnh thnh t acetyl CoA. cng thc ha hc ca n l C19H22O6 c tng hp ch yu l non v cc b phn cn non. GA c vn chuyn trong cy theo h thng mch dn. Tn ti 2 trng thi t do v lin kt.

Cu trc ha hc
Cc GA khc nhau c cu trc ho hc khc nhau song c u c b khung gibberellane.

Tc dng sinh l ca Gibberellin

1. Chng li cc t bin ln trong cy

2. Kch thch s sinh trng ko di ca thn (c xc nh do vai tr ca GA1)

3. Kch thch s ny mm ca ht, c

4. Kch thch s ra hoa, iu chnh gii tnh bng cch c ch pht trin hoa ci, kch thch pht trin hoa c

5. C th to qu khng ht cho mt s cy

Cytokinin

Cytokinin - cht iu ho phn chia t bo thc vt

Cytokinin l nhng dn xut t tARN thc vt. c tng hp trong h r N c vn chuyn khng phn cc trong xylem ln ngn. Ngoi ra chng cn c tng hp chi, l non, qu non, tng pht sinh. Cytokinin trong thc vt c th dng t do hoc lin kt

Cu trc ha hc
V cu trc, a s cytokinin c dng purine c thay th N ti v tr C6

Zeatin

Tc dng sinh l ca Cytokinin

1. Kch thch phn chia t bo 2. Tng cng qu trnh tng hp acid nucleic v protein

(a) cy thuc l c Cytokinin => kch thc ln (b) (c) cy khng c Cytokinin => kch thc nh

(a)

(b)

(c)

3.L yu t tr ha ca cy, duy tr trng thi tr ca m, c quan, ton c th

(a) cy c x l vi Cytokinin (b) cy khng c x l vi Cytokinin

(a)

(b)

4. Ph b trng thi ng ca chi, ht

5. iu ho s phn ha c quan

auxin/cytokinin cao kch thch ra r auxin/cytokinin thp kch thch ny chi

6. To n mi, cn s lo ha, cn s rng l 7. Lm tng dy l 8. Lm yu hin tng u th ngn, phn cnh nhiu 9. Kch thch s thnh lp c

III. Cht c ch iu ho sinh trng

Abscisic acid

Abscisic acid (ABA) hormone ca stress

l mt cht 15 cacbon, cng thc ha hc C15H20O4 ABA c tng hp trong lc lp cng nh cc lp th khc t cc dn xut ca carotenoid ABA c tng hp hu ht cc b phn ca cy: r, l, hoa, qu, ht, c v nhiu nht c quan gi, ang ng ngh hay sp rng. ABA c vn chuyn khng phn cc trong c xylem v phloem, ch yu l phloem

Cu trc ha hc
c cu trc ho hc ging vi phn u ca cc cht nhm carotenoid.

Tc dng sinh l ca Abscisic acid

1. Gy s lo ha, lm hoa, tri b rng, lm thc vt mau vo giai on trng thnh

2. iu chnh s ng m ca kh khng

3. Lm mt mu xanh

4. Gy min trng chi, ht 5. Lm chm s di chuyn qua mch libe 6. L mt antigiberelin c tc dng cn s phn chia t bo 7. ABA l cht c ch tng hp AND, ARN

Ethylene

Ethylen hormone th kh
Ethylen l mt cht kh n gin, cng thc C2H4. Ethylen c trong tt c cc m ca cy v l mt sn phm t nhin ca qu trnh trao i cht trong cy Thng gp khi c vt thng, hoa rng, tri chn, c quan gi c vn chuyn theo phng thc khuch tn.

Cu trc ha hc

Vai tr sinh l ca Ethylen

1. Thc y s chn tri, s lo ha lm rng tri, l, hoa

Trong s rng l, hoa, qu: hnh thnh tng ri cung

(a) cy c phun 50ppm ethylene trong 3 ngy (b) cy i chng

(a)

(b)

2. Lm mt tnh hng ng
3. G min trng chi, ht 4. Trong ti, Ethylen cn s ko di, nhng kch thch ph to ra 5. Ethylen gip sinh tng hp cellulase, mARN

NHM CC CHT C BN CHT PHENOL

 Cc hp cht c bn cht phenol c tc dng c ch qu trnh trao i cht v c ch s sinh trng ca cy Trong cy, chng thng c tng hp m gi, d tr hoc b bnh l Vai tr sinh l ch yu ca cc hp cht c bn cht phenol: + Kch thch hot tnh ca IAA oxidaza nn lm mt hot tnh ca auxin, km hm s sinh trng + Tham gia hnh thnh lignin, ngn cn dng nc v cc cht dinh dng v nui b phn + L yu t gy gi ha c quan

IV. ng dng caca cht ha sinh IV. ng dng cht iu iu trng thc vt ha sinh trng thc vt

Trong nng nghip

Kch thch s sinh trng ca cy: phun GA

GA3 lm tng sinh khi rau mt cch mnh m

Dng auxin phun cho cy ngn cn s rng ca hoa, qu

S dng ethylen 50 - 250 ppm s to nn 100% hoa ci nn lm tng nng sut ca cc cy h bu b

Phun GA3 to cy mang hon ton hoa c

Sn xut ht ging

Ethylen kch thch to m cao su

To qu khng ht (phi hp GA v auxin)

Phun ethylen 500-5000ppm cho qu 2 tun trc thu hoch lm qu chn ng lot

Auxin c ch qu chn chm c ngha trong bo qun nng sn

X l GA3 cho cy hoa loa kn vi nng 10 - 30 ppm lm cho cy ra hoa sm.

X l GA3 nng 2 ppm ph b trng thi ng cho khoai ty

C th dng 2,4D vi nng 20ppm kch thch s ra r ca cnh gim, cnh chit

Dng 2,4-D dit c hai l mm trong rung ng

c bit, trong lnh vc trang tr dng MH vi liu lng 3-6 kg/ha lm km hm sinh trng ca c, duy tr thm c
bn lu

Trong nui cy m, t bo

Kch thch hnh thnh chi

T l auxin/ cytokinin khc nhau dn n pht sinh r v chi khc nhau

Auxin kch thch ra r trong nhn ging v tnh

Kt lun
Mi hot ng lin quan n sinh trng, pht trin ca thc vt u c iu ha bng cc hoocmon sinh trng, do cc hoocmon sinh trng c tm quan trng rt ln. Ngy nay, cc cht iu ha sinh trng tng hp c ng dng rng ri mang li hiu qu ng k trong vic tng nng sut v ci thin cht lng nng sn. Tuy nhin, hoocmon thc vt cng l 1 con dao 2 li. Do khi s dng phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau:
- ng liu lng - ng thi gian - ng giai on

Ti liu tham kho

1. Trn Th Phng Hnh 2006 Bi ging Sinh l thc vt 2. V Vn V - V Thanh Tm Hong Minh Tn, 1998, Sinh l hc thc vt, NXB GD 3. http://thuviensinhhoc.com 4. http://giaoan.violet.vn 5. http://www.google.com.vn/ (hnh nh )