CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh

CHUYN I S T HP
I/ L THUYT C BN
1) Quy tc cng:
C n
1
cch chn i tng A
1
.
n
2
cch chn i tng A
2
.
A
1
A
2
=
C n
1
+ n
2
cch chn mt trong cc i tng A
1
, A
2
.
2) Quy tc nhn:
C n
1
cch chn i tng A
1
.
ng vi mi cch chn A
1
, c n
2
cch chn i tng A
2
.
C n
1
.n
2
cch chn dy i tng A
1
, A
2
.
3) Hon v:
Mi cch sp th t n phn t gi l mt hon v ca n phn t.
S hon v: P
n
= n!.
4) Chnh hp:
Mi cch ly ra k phn t t n phn t (0 < k n) v sp th t ca chng
gi l mt chnh hp chp k ca n phn t.
S cc chnh hp:
k
n
n!
A
(n k)!

5) T hp:
Mi cch ly ra k phn t t n phn t (0 k n) gi l mt t hp chp
k ca n phn t.
S cc t hp:
k
n
n!
C
k!(n k)!

Hai tnh cht

k n k
n n
C C

k 1 k k
n 1 n 1 n
C C C

+
6) Nh thc Newton

n
n k n k k
n
k 0
0 n 1 n 1 n n
n n n
(a b) C a b
C a C a b ... C b

+
+ + +

S hng tng qut (S hng th k + 1):

k n k k
k 1 n
T C a b

+

c bit:
n 0 1 2 2 n n
n n n n
(1 x) C xC x C ... x C + + + + +
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 1
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
II / MT S V D
1. Bi ton m.
1.1 m cc s t nhinc thnh lp.
V d 1.
T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s sao
cho
a) Cc ch s u khc nhau.
b) Ch s u tin l 3.
c)Cc ch s khc nhau v khng tn cng bng ch s 4.
Gii
a) Mi s c 5 ch s khc nhau c thnh lp tng ng vi mt chnh
hp chp 5 ca 7 phn t C
5
7
A
= 2520 s
b) Gi s cn thit lp l abcde
Ch s u tin l 3 a c 1 cch chn
b, c, d, e u c 7 cch chn
C 1.7.7.7.7 = 2401 s.
c) Gi s cn thit lp l abcde
Ch s cui cng khc 4 e c 6 cch chn (tr s 4)
a c 6 cch chn
b c 5 cch chn
c c 4 cch chn
d c 3 cch chn
C 6.6.5.4.3 = 2160 s.
V d 2.(H An ninh 97)
T by ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 thnh lp c bao nhiu s chn c 5 ch s
khc nhau
Gii

Gi s cn thit lp l abcde
Xt hai trng hp
+ Trng hp 1: Chn e = 0 e c 1 cch chn
Khi a c 6 cch chn
b c 5 cch chn
c c 4 cch chn
d c 3 cch chn
C 6.5.4.3 = 360 s.
+ Trng hp 2: Chn e { 2, 4, 6 } e c 3 cch chn
Khi a c 5 cch chn tr s 0 v e
b c 5 cch chn
c c 4 cch chn
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 2
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
d c 3 cch chn
C 3.5.5.4.3 = 900 s
Vy c 360 + 900 = 1260 s
V d 3.
T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s sao cho s to
thnh gm cc ch s khc nhau v nht thit c ch s 5.
Gii
Cch 1:
Thnh lp s c 3 ch s khc nhau v khng c mt ch s 5 C
3
6
A
= 120 s
Vi mi s va thnh lp c 4 v tr xen s 5 to thnh s c 4 ch s khc
nhau v c mt ch s 5.
C 120.4 = 480 s.
Cch 2:
S cn tm c 1 trong bn dng
5bcd, a5bc, ab5d, abc5
Mi dng c 120 s c 480 s
V d 4:
C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 2008 ch s sao cho tng cc ch s bng 3.
Gii
Xt cc trng hp
+ Trnghp 1: S to thnh gm 1 ch s 3 v 2007 ch s 0
Ch c 1 s 3000000 (2007 ch s 0)
+ Trng hp 2: S to thnh gm 1 ch s 1, 1 ch s 2 v 2006 ch s 0
Chn ch s u tin c 2 cch chn s 1 hoc 2
Ch s cn li c 2007 v tr t, cn cc v tr khc t s 0
C 2.2007 = 4014 s
+ Trng hp 3: S to thnh gm 3 ch s 1 v 2005 ch s 0
Chn ch s u tin l 1
Chn 2 trong 2007 v tr t ch s 1 c
2
2007
C
= 2007.1003 = 2013021
Vy c 1 + 4014 + 2013021 = 2017036 s
V d 5(HQG TPHCM 2001)
C bao nhiu s t nhin gm by ch s bit rng ch s 2 c mt ng hai ln,
ch s ba c mt ng ba ln, cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu mt ln.
Gii
+ Coi mt dy gm 7 ch s tng ng vi mt s gm 7 ch s (K c bt u
bng 0). Khi ta thnh lp s bng cch xp cc ch s vo 7 v tr
Chn 2 trong 7 v tr xp ch s 2: c
2
7
C cch
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 3
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
Chn 3 trong 5 v tr cn li xp ch s 3: c
3
5
C cch
Chn 2 trong 8 ch s 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 t vo 2 v tr cn li c
2
8
A
cch
C
2
7
C
.
3
5
C
.
2
8
A
= 11 760 cch.
+ Cn phi loi cc trng hp ch s 0 ng u. Lp lun tng t cho 6 v tr
c
2
6
C
.
3
4
C
.
1
7
A
= 420 s
Vy c 11 760 420 = 11 340 s.

1.2 m s phng n.
V d 6: (H Thi nguyn 99)
Mt lp hc c 25 nam v 15 n. Cn chn mt nhm gm ba hc sinh. Hi c
bao nhiu cch:
a) Chn 3 hc sinh bt k.
b) Chn 3 hc sinh gm 2 nam v mt n.
c) Chn 3 hc sinh trong c t nht 1 nam.
Gii
a) Mi cch chn l mt t hp chp3 ca 40 S cch chn l:
3
40
C 9880

cch.
b) Chn 1 nam c
1
25
C 25 cch
Chn 2 n c
2
15
C 105 cch
C 25.105 = 2625 cch chn
c) Chn 3 hc sinh bt k c 9880 cch
Chn 3 hc sinh n c
3
15
C 455 cch
C 9880 455 = 9425 cch chn c t nht 1 nam.
V d 7: (HSP Quy Nhn 97)
Cho hai ng thng song song a v b. Trn a ly 17 im phn bit, trn b ly 20
im phn bit. Tnh s tam gic c cc nh l 3 trong s 37 im chn trn.
Gii
Cch 1
Mi tam gic c hnh thnh bi ba im khng thng hng
S b ba im t 37 im trn l:
3
37
C
S b ba im thng hng trn a l:
3
17
C
S b ba im thng hng trn b l:
3
20
C
Vy s tam gic to thnh l:
3
37
C

3
17
C

3
20
C
= 11 340 tam gic
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 4
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
Cch 2:
Mi tam gic c to thnh bi mt im trn ng thng ny v hai im trn
ng thng kia. Xt 2 trng hp
+ TH1: Tam gic to thnh bi 1 im trn a v 2 im trn b: c
2
20
17.C
+ TH2: Tam gic to thnh bi 2 im trn a v 1 im trn b: c
2
17
20.C
S tam gic l:
2
20
17.C
+
2
17
20.C
= 11 340
V d 8: (H Cnh st nhn dn)
Cho tam gic ABC. Xt b gm 4 ng thng song song vi AB, 5 ng thng
song song vi BC v 6 ng thng song song vi CA trong khng c ba
ng thng no ng quy. Hi cc ng thng trn to c bao nhiu tam gic
v bao nhiu t gic (khng k hnh bnh hnh).
Gii
a) Mi tam gic c to thnh bi ba ng thng thuc ba nhm khc nhau
S tam gic l 4.5.6 = 120
b) Mi hnh thang khng phi hnh bnh hnh c to thnh bi hai ng
thng thuc nhm ny v mt ng thng thuc mi nhm cn li S
hnh thang l
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6
C .C .C C .C .C C .C .C 720 + + hnh thang
2. Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh v h i s t hp
V d 1: (CSP TPHCM99)
Tm k tha mn:
k k 2 k 1
C C 2C
14 14 14
+ +
+
Gii
K
k N
k 12

'

Phng trnh tng ng vi

14! 14! 2.14!
k!(14 k)! (k 2)!(12 k)! (k 1)!(13 k)!
+
+ +

1 1 2
(14 k)(13 k) (k 2)(k 1) (k 1)(13 k)
+
+ + +
(k + 2)(k + 1) + (14 k)(13 k) = (k + 2)(14 k)
k
2
12k + 32 = 0
k = 4, k = 8 (Tha mn)
Vy phng trnh c nghim: k = 4, k = 8
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 5
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
V d 2: (H Hng hi 99)
Gii bt phng trnh:
n 3
C
1
n 1
4
14P
A
3
n 1

>
+
Gii
K: 4 n+1 n 3, n nguyn dng

n 3
C
1
n 1
4
14P
A
3
n 1

>
+

.
n 3 4
14.P C A
3 n 1 n 1
>

+

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
n 1 !
14.3! n 1 .n. n 1 . n 2
n 3 !2!

> +

2
n n 42 0 + <
( ) ( ) n 6 . n 7 0 + <
7 < n < 6
Kt hp vi k n 3 c tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l: {3, 4, 5}.

V d 3: (HBK HN2001)
Gii h phng trnh:
y y
2.A 5.C 90
x x
y y
5.A 2.C 80
x x

'

Gii
K: x, y N
*
, y x
t
y y
x x
u A , v C
u, v N
*
ta c h
u
2.u 5.v 90
5. 2.v 80

'

u 20
v 10

'

Thay vo ta c
y
A 20
x
y
C 10
x

'

x!
(x y)!
x!
y!(x y)!
20
10

'

y! 2
x!
(x y)!
20

'

y 2
x!
(x 2)!
20

'

x(x 1) 20
y 2

'

x 5, x 4
y 2

'

Kt hp iu kin H phng trnh c nghim

x 5
y 2

'

T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 6

CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
3) Xc nh mt s hng ca khai trin Newuton.
V d 1: (H Kinh t quc dn, 1997)
Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin Newton ca
12
1
x
x
_

,
+
Gii

S hng tng qut
k
k 12 k k 12 2k
k 1 12 12
1
T C .x C .x
x

+
_


,
.
S hng khng cha x tng ng vi 12 2k = 0 k = 6.
p s:s hng khng cha x phi tm l:
12.11.10.9.8.7
6 0
C .x 924
12
1.2.3.4.5.6

V d 2:(H v C, khi A, 2003).
Tm h s ca s hng cha
8
x trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca
n
1
5
x
3
x
_


,
+
,
bit rng ( )
n 1 n
C C 7 n 3
n 4 n 3
+
+
+ +
Gii
Ta c
( )
(n 4)! (n 3)!
n 1 n
C C 7 n 3 7(n 3)
n 4 n 3
(n 1)!.3! (n)!.3!
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+


(n 4)(n 3)(n 2) (n 3)(n 2)(n 1) 42(n 3) + + + + + + +

(n 4)(n 2) (n 2)(n 1) 42 + + + +
3n = 36 n = 12
S hng tng qut
12 k 5k k
36 3k
1
k 5 k
2
T C . x C .x
12 12 k 1 3
x
_
_



,
,

+

+
.
S hng cha x
8
tng ng vi
5k
36 3k 8
2
+ 11k = 88 k = 8.
p s:H s ca s hng cha x
8
phi tm l:
8
C 495
12

T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 7
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
V d 3:
Khai trin a thc:
P(x) =( )
12
1 2x +
thnh dng :
( )
12
0 1 2 12
P x a a x a x ... a x + + + +
Tm max
( )
1 2 12
a , a ,..., a
Gii
S hng tng qut ( )
k k
2x .
k
k k
T C . C .2 x
12 12 k 1

+
.
Xt hai h s lin tip
k k
a C .2
12 k

v
k 1 k 1
a C .2
12 k 1
+ +

+
. Gi s a
k
< a
k + 1

k k 1 k k 1
C .2 C .2
12 12
+
<
+

12! 12!
k!.(12 k)! (k 1)!.(11 k)!
.2 <
+

23
k 8
3
< <
Vy a
0
< a
1
< < a
8
.
Tng t nh trn a
8
> a
9
> > a
12
.
Vy h s ln nht l:
8
8 8
a C 2 126720
12

4) Tnh tng hoc chng minh ng thc.
V d 1 : Chng minh rng n, k N
*
v n k 1 th:
k k 1
n n 1
kC nC

Gii
Tht vy n, k N
*
v n k 1 ta c:
k
n
n! n(n 1)!
kC k
k!(n k)! (k 1)!(n k)!

=
(n 1)!
n
(k 1)!(n k)!

=
1
1
k
n
nC

(pcm)
Lu :(y l mt kt qu c nhiu ng dng trong cc bi tp chng
minh ng thc t hp khi cha c cng c o hm v tch phn)
V d 2 : (H Quc gia H Ni, khi D, 1997)
Tnh tng
6 7 8 9 10 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
S C C C C C C + + + + +
Gii
Do
6 5 7 4
11 11 11 11
C C , C C ,... nn
5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 10 11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
S C C C C C C 2S C C C ...C C + + + + + + + + + (1)
p dng khai trin Niu tn ( )
n
n
k k
n
k 0
x 1 C .x

vi x = 1, n = 11 c
( )
11
11
k 0 1 2 10 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
k 0
1 1 C C C C ... C C

+ + + + + +

(2)
T (1), (2) suy ra
11 10
2S 2 S 2 1024.
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 8
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
p s :
10
S 2 1024
V d 3 : (H Bch Khoa H Ni, 1999)
Cho n l s t nhin ln hn 2, tnh tng :

1 2 3 4 n 1 n
S C 2.C 3.C 4.C ... ( 1) .n.C
n n n n n

+ + +
Gii
Cch 1: (S dng kt qu v d 1)
p dng kt qu v d 1 ta c:
0
2 1
n 1 n n 1 n 1
n
n
...
n
1
C .C
n
n 1
2.C .C
n
n 1
( 1) n.C ( 1) .C
n
n 1

Cng theo v cc ng thc trn ta c

0 1 2 3 n 1 n 1
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
n 1
n(C C C C , , , ( 1) C )
n(1 1) 0
1 2 3 4 n 1 n
S C 2.C 3.C 4.C ... ( 1) .n.C
n n n n n

+ + +

+ + +
Cch 2: (S dng o hm)
Xt khai trin

n 0 1 2 2 n n
n n n n
(1 x) C xC x C ... x C + + + + +

n 1 1 2 n 1 n
n n n
n.(1 x) C 2xC ... nx C

+ + + +
Chn x = 1
n 1 1 2 n n
n n n
n.(1 1) C 2C ... ( 1) .nC

+ +
Vy : S = 0
V d 4: (HDL Duy Tn, khi A, 2001)
Tnh tng sau :
0 1 2 3 n
n n n n n
1 1 1 1
n 1
1
S .C .C C C ... C
1 2 3 4 +
+ + + + +
Gii
Cch 1( S dng kt qu v d 1)
p dng kt qu v d 1 ta c:
k k 1
n n 1
kC nC

k 1 k
n 1 n
(k 1)C (n 1)C
+
+
+ +

k k 1
n n 1
1 1
C C
k 1 n 1
+
+

+ +
Thay k = 0, 1, 2 , n ta c
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 9
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
0 1
n n 1
1 2
n n 1
2 3
n n 1
n n 1
n n 1
1 1
C C
1 n 1
1 1
C C
2 n 1
1 1
C C
3 n 1
1 1
... C C
n 1 n 1
+
+
+
+
+

+ +
0 1 2 3 n
n n n n n
1 2 3 n 1
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
n 1
1 1 1
n 1
1
(C C C ... C )
n 1
1
(2 1)
n 1
1
S .C .C C C ... C
1 2 3 4
+
+ + + +
+
+
+ + + +
+

+
+ + + + +
Vy
n 1
1
(2 1)
n 1
S
+

Cch 2:(S dng tch phn)

Xt khai trin

n 0 1 2 2 3 3 n n
n n n n n
(1 x) C xC x C x C ... x C + + + + + +
1 1
n 0 1 2 2 3 3 n n
n n n n n
0 0
(1 x) dx (C xC x C x C ... x C )dx + + + + + +

Ta c:
1
0
1 n 1 n 1
n
0
(1 x) 2 1
(1 x) dx
n 1 n 1
+ +
+
+
+ +

n 1
2 1
n 1
+

+
0
0 2 1 3 2 4 3 n 1 n 1
n n n n n
1 1 1
x
n 1
1
.C .x C x C x C ... x C
1 2 3 4
+
1
1
+
]
+ + + + +


0 1 2 3 n
n n n n n
1 1 1
n 1
1
.C .C C C ... C
1 2 3 4

+
+ + + + +

Vy Vy
n 1
1
(2 1)
n 1
S
+

V d 5: Chng minh ng thc sau:

7 7
3 2
7
6 5 4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
.C .C C C C C C
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

+ + + + + +
Gii
Xt khai trin

6 6 0 5 1 4 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 5 5 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
(2 x) 2 C 2 xC 2 x C 2 x C 2 x C 2x C x C + + + + + + +
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 10
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
1 1
6 6 0 5 1 4 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 5 5 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
0 0
(2 x) dx (2 C 2 xC 2 x C 2 x C 2 x C 2x C x C )dx + + + + + + +

7
2 3 4 5 6 7
6 0 5 1 4 2 3 3 2 4 5 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1
1
(2 x)
0 7
1
x x x x x x
(2 C x 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C C )
0 2 3 4 5 6 7
+
+ + + + + +

7 7
3 2
7
6 5 4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
.C .C C C C C C
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

+ + + + + +
Vy
7 7
3 2
7
6 5 4 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
.C .C C C C C C
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

+ + + + + +
(pcm)
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 11
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
BI TP T L Y N :
1) C bao nhiu cch sp xp 5 ngi khch gm 3 nam v 2 n ngi vo mt
hng 8 gh nu:
a) h ngi ch no cng c?
b) h ngi k nhau?
c) 3 nam ngi k nhau, 2 n ngi k nhau v gia hai nhm ny c t nht
mt gh trng?
2) C bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi cho 5 ngi khch
a) vo 5 gh xp thnh mt dy.
b) vo 5 gh chung quanh mt bn trn, nu khng c s phn bit gia
cc gh ny.
3) Mi ngi mun chp nh chung. H mun chp nhiu nh khc nhau
bng cch i ch ng ln nhau. Cho rng mi ln i ch v chp nh mt
1 pht, hi cn bao lu c th chp tt c cc nh khc nhau?
4) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm ba ch s khc nhau v khc 0 bit rng tng
ba ch s ny bng 8?
5) Mt dy 5 gh dnh cho 3 nam sinh v 2 n sinh. C bao nhiu cch sp xp
ch ngi nu:
a) h ngi ch no cng c.
b) nam sinh ngi k nhau, n sinh ngi k nhau.
c) ch c n sinh ngi k nhau.
6) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm ba ch s khc nhau bit rng tng ba ch s
ny bng 12?
Mt phng khch c 3 ch c th t tranh, nh hoc tng. Ch nh mun
trang tr bng cch xp t 4 bc tranh khc nhau vo mt ch, 3 tm nh khc
nhau vo ch th hai v 2 pho tng khc nhau vo ch cn li. Hi c bao
nhiu cch trang tr phng khch?
7) Ta mun mi 6 ngi ngi vo mt dy 6 gh . C bao nhiu cch sp xp
ch ngi nu:
a) C 3 ngi trong bn h mun ngi k nhau?
b) C 2 ngi trong bn h khng mun ngi k nhau?
c) C 3 ngi trong bn h khng mun ngi k nhau i mt?
8) Mt bn di c 12 gh, mi bn 6 gh. Ngi ta mun xp ch ngi cho 12
ngi khch gm 6 nam v 6 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi
nu:
a) h ngi ch no cng c ?
b) nam ngi mt bn, n ngi mt bn ?
c) nam n ngi i din nhau ?
d) nam n ngi xen k v i din nhau ?
9) Cho cc s 0,1,2,3,4,5,6. C th lp c bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc
nhau c ly t cc s cho, sao cho:
a) S chn
b) S chia ht cho 5
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 12
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
c) Lun c mt ch s 1 v 3
10) Cho cc s: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7. C th lp c bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s
khc nhau c ly t cc ch s cho sao cho cc s l lun ng lin
nhau.
11) Cho cc s : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a) C th lp c bao nhiu s gm 9 ch s c ly t cc s cho
sao cho s 3 c mt 3 ln, cc s khc c mt ng 1 ln.
b) C th lp c bao nhiu s c 5 ch s c ly t cc s cho sao
cho s 3 c mt 1 ln, cc s khc c mt mt vi ln.
12) Cho cc s: 0,1,2,3,4,5. C th lp c bao nhiu s t 4 s khc nhau
c ly t cc s cho. Sao cho:
a) Lun c mt ch s 5.
b) S chia ht cho 3.
c) Khng bt u t ch s 3.
13) Cho cc s: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6. C th lp c bao nhiu s c 6 ch s c
ly t cc s cho sao cho:
a) S u v s cui ging nhau, cc s gia khc nhau.
b) 2 ch s u v 2 ch s cui ging nhau.
14) Cho cc s: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
a) C th lp c bao nhiu s gm 10 ch s sao cho s 0 c mt 2 ln,
s 3 c mt 2 ln. Cc s khc c mt mt ln.
b) C th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s sao cho s 2 c mt 2 ln,
cc s khc c mt mt vi ln.
15) Cho cc s: 0,1,2,3,4,5. C th lp c bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s sao cho
cc s chn khng ng lin nhau.
16) Mt nhm ngi thnh lp mt cng ty. H mun chn mt ban iu hnh
gm mt gim c,mt ph gim c v mt th qy. C 10 ngi hi
iu kin c chn. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn ban iu hnh?
17) Hun luyn vin mt i bng mun chn 5 cu th qu lun lu
11m. C bao nhiu cch chn nu:
a) C 11 cu th c kh nng nh nhau? ( K c th mn)
b) C 3 cu th b chn thng v nht thit phi b tr cu th A qu s
1 v cu th B qu s 4?
18) Mt ngi mun xp t mt s pho tng vo mt dy 6 ch trng trn
mt k trang tr. C bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a) Ngi c 6 pho tng khc nhau?
b) Ngi c 4 pho tng khc nhau?
c) Ngi c 8 pho tng khc nhau?
19) Vi nm s 1,2,3,4,5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s trong s
1 c mt hai ln cc s cn li mi s c mt ng mt ln?
20) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc nhau bit rng:
a) cc s ny chia ht cho 5?
b) trong cc s ny phi c mt ba ch s 0,1,2 ?
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 13
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
32) Vi su s 2,3,5,6,7,8, ta mun thnh lp nhng s gm bn ch s khc
nhau.
a) C bao nhiu s nh hn 5000 ?
b) C bao nhiu s chn nh hn 7000 ?
21) Mt lp hc c 30 hc sinh. Trong c 12 n, cn thnh lp mt t cng
tc gm 8 ngi. C bao nhiu cch lp sao cho trong t c ng 2 n.
22) Trong khng gian cho mt tp hp gm 9 im trong khng c 4 im
no ng phng. Hi c th lp c bao nhiu hnh t din vi nh thuc
tp hp cho.
23) Mt b thi c 15 cu hi. Mi th sinh phi rt ra 4 cu (4 cu rt ra l
thi ca th sinh ny).
a) C bao nhiu thi khc nhau? ( Hai thi c coi l khc nhau nu
c t nht mt cu khc nhau. )
b) Tham gia k thi c 2736 th sinh. Chng t rng c t nht 3 th sinh gp
cng mt thi.
24) Mt t trc gm 9 nam sinh v 3 n sinh. Gio vin trc mun chn 4 hc
sinh trc th vin. C bao nhiu cch chn nu:
a) Chn hc sinh no cng c?
b) C ng mt n sinh c chn?
c) C t nht mt n sinh c chn?
25) Mt h n ng thng song song ct mt h m ng thng song song. Hi
c bao nhiu hnh bnh hnh c to thnh.
26) Cho tp X = {a, b, c, d }. C bao nhiu tp con ca X
a) Khng cha phn t a?
b) Cha phn t a?
27) Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh, 3 vin bi , chng ch khc nhau v mu.
Ly ra hai vin.
a) C bao nhiu kt qu khc nhau?
b) C bao nhiu cch ly ra c 2 vin bi xanh?, hai vin bi ? Hai vin
bi khc mu?
28) Gio vin hng dn lao ng mun chia 9 hc sinh ra lm 3 nhm gm 4,
3, v 2 hc sinh. C bao nhiu cch chia?
29) Cho mt a gic li c n nh ( 4 n ).
a) Tnh s ng cho ca a gic ny;
b) Bit rng ba ng cho khng cng i qua mt nh th khng ng
quy, hy tnh s cc giao im ( khng phi l nh ) ca cc ng
cho y.
30) Mt t trc gm 8 nam sinh v 6 n sinh. Gio vin trc mun chn mt
nhm 5 hc sinh. C bao nhiu cch chn nu nhm ny phi c t nht mt
n sinh?
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 14
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
31) Gim c mt cng ty mun chn mt nhm 5 ngi vo hi ng t vn.
Trong cng ty c 12 ngi hi iu kin c chn, trong c hai
cp v chng. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu:
a) Hi ng ny c ng mt cp v chng?
b) Hi ng ny khng th gm c v ln chng ( nu c )?
32) Tnh s ng cho ca mt a gic li c n cnh. Tm a gic c s cnh
bng s ng cho.
33) (H-B-2002) Cho a gic u 1 2 2
... ( 2, )
n
A A A n n Z
ni tip ng trn
(O). Bit rng s tam gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n im 1 2 2
, ,...,
n
A A A
nhiu
gp 20 ln s hnh ch nht c cc nh l 4 trong 2n im 1 2 2
, ,...,
n
A A A
, tm
n?.
34) (H-B-2004) Trong mt mn hc, thy gio c 30 cu hi khc nhau
gm 5 cu hi kh, 10 cu hi trung bnh, 15 cu hi d. T 30 cu hi
c th lp c bao nhiu kim tra, mi gm 5 cu hi khc nhau, sao
cho trong mi nht thit phi c 3 loi cu hi ( kh, trung bnh, d )
v s cu hi d khng t hn 2?.
35) (H-B-2005) Mt i thanh nin tnh nguyn c 15 ngi gm 12
nam v 3 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch phn cng i thanh nin tnh nguyn
v gip 3 tnh min ni, sao cho mi tnh c 4 nam v 1 n?.
36) Chng minh rng:
( )
1 2
2
2 2 .
k k k k
n n n n
C C C C k n

+
+ +
37) Chng minh rng:
( )
1 2 3
3
3 3 3 .
k k k k k
n n n n n
C C C C C k n

+
+ + +
38) a) Chng minh :
1 1
1
.
k k k
n n n
C C C
+ +
+
+
b) Chng minh rng vi 4kn th:
1 2 3 4
4
4. 6. 4. .
k k k k k k
n n n n n n
C C C C C C

+
+ + + +
39) Gii phng trnh:
2 2
1
3. 2. .
x x
C A x
+

40) Gii phng trnh:
a)
( )
3 1
1 1
14 1 ;
x
x x
A C x

+ +
+ +
b) ( )
2
2 2 3 1
1 2
. 4 .
x x x
C A x A
+

41) Gii bt phng trnh:
a)
4 3 2
1 1 2
5
0.
4
x x x
C C A

<
b)
4
1
3 3
1
14. .
x
x
x
A
P
C
+

>
42) Gii bt phng trnh:
2 1
1 1
2000.
x x
x x
C C

+ +

43) Chng minh:
1
1 2 1
... .
k k k k k
k k k k m k m
C C C C C
+
+ + + +
+ + + +
44) Cho m

n. Chng minh:
0 1 1 2 2
... .
k k k m k m k
m n m n m n m n m n
C C C C C C C C C

+
+ + + +
45) Chng minh rng: ( ) ( )
0 1 2
... 1 ... 1 0.
k n
k n
n n n n n
C C C C C + + + +
T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 15
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
46) a) Chng minh:
1
0 1 2
2 2
. . ... .
1
n
n
n
n n n n
C C C C
n

,
b. Chng minh: ( )
2
2 2 2
. .
n n n
n k n k n
C C C
+

47) a) Chng minh:
( ) ( )
2 3 2
2.1. 3.2. ... . 1 . . 1 .2 .
n n
n n n
C C n n C n n

+ + +
b) Chng minh: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 1
2
... .
n n
n n n n
C C C C + + +
48) Tm x trong khai trin:
6
1
12
lg 1 x
x x
+
_
+

,
c s hng th 4 bng 200.
49) Trong khai trin
17
3 4
3 2
1
. x
x
_
+

,
Tm s hng khng cha x ca khai trin.
50) (H-D-2004) Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin nh
thc Newton ca
7
3
4
1
x
x
_
+

,
vi x > 0.
51) Khi khai trin v rt gn cc n thc ng dng t biu thc:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 6 7 11
1 1 1 ... 1 . x x x x + + + + + + + +
Ta c mt a thc:
2 11
( ) 0 1 2 11
. . ... . .
x
P A A x A x A x + + + +
Tnh 7
A
=?.
52) Khi khai trin v rt gn cc n thc ng dng t biu thc ( )
9
2 3
1 x x +
.
Ta c mt a thc:
2 2
0 1 2
...
x
P A A x A x + + +
. Tnh 7
. A
53) (H-A-2004) Tm h s ca
8
x trong khai trin ca biu thc:
( )
8
2
1 1 . x x 1 +
]
54) Tm h s ca
3
x trong khai trin ca biu thc:
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 .
x
P x x x x + + + + + + +
55) Trong khai trin:
7
3
2
1
x
x
_
+


,
.Tm s hng cha
2
x ca khai trin .
56) (H-A-2003) Tm h s ca s hng cha
8
x trong khai trin nh thc
Newton ca:
5
3
1
n
x
x
_
+

,
, bit rng:
1
4 3
7( 3)
n n
n n
C C n
+
+ +
+
( n l s nguyn
dng, x > 0 ).
57) (H-D-2003) Vi n l s nguyn dng, gi 3 3 n
a
l h s ca
3 3 n
x

trong khai trin thnh a thc ca ( ) ( )
2
1 2 .
n
n
x x + +
Tm n 3 3
26 .
n
a n

T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 16
CHUYN : I S T HP Phng Xun Trnh
58) (H-A-2006) Tm h s ca s hng cha
26
x trong khai trin nh thc
Newton ca:
7
4
1
n
x
x
_
+

,
, bit rng:
1 2 3 20
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
... 2 1.
n
n n n n
C C C C
+ + + +
+ + + +
( n l
s nguyn dng, x > 0 ).
59) Trong khai trin:
21
3
3
a b
b a
_
+


,
. Tm s hng c s m ca a v b nh
nhau.
60) Tm gi tr ln nht trong cc gi tr:
0 1 2
, , ,..., .
n
n n n n
C C C C
61) Tm h s c gi tr ln nht ca khai trin: ( )
n
a b +
, bit rng tng cc h s
bng 4096.
62) (H-A-2008) Cho khai trin: ( )
0 1
1 2 ... .
n
n
n
x a a x a x + + + +
Trong
*
n N v cc h s 0 1,.....,
,
n
a a a
tha mn h thc:
1
0
... 4096
2 2
n
n
a a
a + + +
. Tm s
ln nht trong cc s: 0 1
, ,..., .
n
a a a
63) (H-A-2002) Cho khai trin nh thc:
1 1
1 1 1 1
0 1 1
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 ... 2 2 2
n n n n n
x x x x x x x x
n n
n n n n
C C C C

_ _ _ _ _ _ _
+ + + + +

, , , , , , ,
( n
l s nguyn dng ). Bit rng trong khai trin
3 1
5
n n
C C
v s hng th t
bng 20n, tm n v x.
64) (H-A-2005) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho:
( )
1 2 2 3 3 4 2 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2.2 3.2 4.2 ... 2 1 .2 2005.
n n
n n n n n
C C C C n C
+
+ + + + +
+ + + +
65) (H-B-2003) Cho n l s nguyn dng. Tnh tng:
2 3 1
0 1 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
... .
2 3 1
n
n
n n n n
C C C C
n
+

+ + + +
+
66) (H-D-2002) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho:
0 1 2
2 4 ... 2 243.
n n
n n n n
C C C C + + + +
67) (H-D-2005) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
( )
4 3
1
3
,
1 !
n n
A A
M
n
+
+

+
bit rng:
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
2 2 149
n n n n
C C C C
+ + + +
+ + +
( n l s nguyn dng ).

T Ton Trng THPT Lng Ti 17