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Mono canxi photphat Ca(H2PO4)2 - Canxi sunfat khan CaSO4 - Axit photphoric t do H3PO4 - Photphat st FePO4.2H2O - Photphat nhm AlPO4.2H2O - icanxi photphat CaHPO4 - Apatit cha b phn hy Ca5F(PO4)3 Ngoi ra cn cc mui ca Magie, mt s cht khong trong nguyn liu khng b phn hy, SiO2.nH2O Hin nay supe photphat n sn xut ti Cng ty suphe photphat v ha cht Lm Thao l dng bt ri c trung ha bng chnh qung apatit.

Qung tuyn m: u im: d tch nc gim m c bit l khi c o trn tt. Khi m gim th ti khng dnh bt. Qung tuyn mang i sn xut t tiu chun cht lng: hm lng P2O5 t 32-33%, m <18-22%, kch thc <0.074mm

Tc phn gii giai on II chm v ko di do nhng nguyn nhn sau: Nhng ht qung cha phn gii l cc ht c kch thc ln m axit H3PO4 li l axit ch yu.Lng canxi sunfat kt tinh ra qu nhiu lm cho axit H3PO4 kh tip xc vi ht qung.Mono canxi sunfat tan trong dung dch H3PO4 s dn dn to thnh dung dch bo ha,dn n lm gim hot ca ion H+ trong pha lng,v tng nht ca dung dch.Mono canxisunfat kt tinh to thnh v mn bao bc ht qung lm gim s tip xc pha.

IV. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh sn xut 1. Nng v nhit ca axit H2SO4: Tc phn hu ca qung ph thuc vo hot ca axit v mc qu bo ho ca n do sn phm phn ng gy nn. Khi nng cao nng axit sunfuric long v khi gim nng ca axit m c th hot ca chng tng ln do tc v mc apatit phn hu tng ln. Dng axit sunfuric c nng thp th mc phn hu qung cao nhng khng cho php v lng nc a vo theo n qu ln do lm sn phm c m cao, sn phm nho khng ng kt c. Khi nng cao nng axit sunfuric th tc phn hu li b chm li v t n cc tiu ri li tng ln. Khi phn hu apatit bng axit c nng cao hn 63% th pha lng nhanh chng b bo ho bi canxisunphat v th m phn ln cc tinh th CaSO4.1/2H2O v CaSO4 kt tinh dng hnh kim mng, chng to thnh lp v bao ph hu nh ton b b mt ca cc ht apatit, phn ng b km li, supe ng khng tt, pha lng nm li trn b mt cc ht rn v sn phm thu dc c tnh cht ho l xu, khng ti xp m b dnh bt. Nu nng axit thp hn 63% th pha lng b bo ho mc nh hn nn tinh th CaSO4 kt tinh

ln hn to thnh v xp lm axit xm nhp vo b mt kh khn hn do vy phn ng tin hnh nhanh, sn phm thu c kh xp Tuy vy x nghip vn dng axit c nng cao hn gim m ca sn phm. Khi nng cao nng axit ban u m ca sn phm b gim do tng c hm lng P2O5. Tuy nhin khi nng cao nng axit sunfuric qu mc li gy nn s to thnh v canxisunphat mn do bo ho ca n trong dung dch ln lm gim tc phn ng phn hu qung, ngoi ra tc phn ng gim cn do hot ca axit m c nh hn i vi qu trnh sn xut lin tc cho php tng nng axit v axit v apatit vo thng trn cng vi khi phn ng dng bn, nng axit sunfuric gim, nng axit photphoric tng. tan ca CaSO4 trong axit photphoric cao hn trong axit sunfuric nn s qu bo ho v kt tinh ca canxisunphat chm hn, lm cho mng canxisunphat xp. Thng thng nng axit trong sn xut lin tc ln hn gin on 5-7% Nhit ban u ca axit cng nh hng ti vn tc phn hu. Khi nhit tng th tc phn ng ban u tng nhng do qu trnh bo ho canxisunphat nhanh to thnh mng ngn cch, tc phn ng b gim mnh. T thc nghim ta lp c s tng quan gi nng v nhit axit nh sau: Nng axit sunfuric (%khi lng) Nhit (C) 64 65-75 65.5 60-70 67 55-65 68.5 50-60 Tuy nhin nhit axit cng ph thuc vo nhit mi trng. Vi iu kin ca nh my th nng axit thch hp l 66-68% v nhit t 55-75% 2. mn ht qung Qung cng mn th b mt ring cng ln do tc phn hu cng nhanh. Tuy nhin nu qung qu mn th chi ph cho vic sy nghin s tn km nh hng ti gi thnh. 3. Cng khuy trn Vic khuy trn lm mt kh nng bo ho cc b, to s tip xc pha tt hn, do tng cng khuy trn s tng tc phn ng. Nhng khi khuy trn mnh qu th s c st gia qung v axit km i lm gim hiu sut phn ng. Gia cng khuy trn v mn c mi lin h cht ch vi nhau 4. Thi gian lu ca bt st trong thng trn Tu thuc vo thnh phn qung v nng axit a vo phn hu v c khng ch bng tm chn thng trn Do cung cp qung v axit lin tc ng thi bn tan thnnh khng ngng chy qua mt tm chn s gi cho bt st c 1 th tch khng i trong thit b trn, thi gian lu li ca n khng ln trnh cho bn c st lm mt linh ng Nng axit ban u cng cao, mc phn hu qung cng ln th phi duy tr t l H2SO4 : H3PO4 trong bn t thng trn phi cng nh i trnh to v CaSO4. 5. Qu trnh supephotphat kho Supephotphat ct t phng ho thnh ra c cha mt lng apatt cha phn hu. S phn hu tip theo gia apatit v axit photphoric vn tip tc xy ra vi tc d gim dn. Qua nhiu ngy supe trong l h s phn hu tng ln.

 h s phn hu tng ta phi h thp nhit xung 40-50C bi khi lm ngui th Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O s kt tinh ra khi pha lng, bo ho pha lng lm gim hot axit v lm tng tc phn ng. Thc t ngi ta dng phng php nh tung supephotphat nhm mc ch: - Lm ngui supe n nhit thch hp - Hi nc v kh Flo d thot ra lm gim m ca supe v h nhit - Supe c trn u, ti, xp v ng nht hn do tnh cht l ho ca supe tng ln 6. Trung ho supephotphat Supe ti ra khi phng ho thnh cn cha 1 lng axit H3PO4 t do ng vi hm lng P2O5 t do c trong supe t 10.5-12.5% khi lng, s tn ti H3PO4 trong supe lm cho sn phm c tnh ht m lm nh hng xu n tnh cht vt l ca sn phm, lm n mn, ph hu phng tin vn chuyn n. Do phi trung ho lng axit t do ny bng bt xng, bt apatit, bt vi, bt lmit, Cc cht c cha photphat khi s dng trung ho s lm tng hm lng P2O5 hu hiu trung ho l tt nht. Mt khc lng apatit cn li b bao bc bi mng CaSO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O do phn ng gia 2 pha L:R b cn tr. V vy ta s dng qung apatit trung ho supe ti (qung tuyn) Khi trung ho bng cc cht khng cha photpho th hm lng P2O5 hu hiu tng. Nu lng cht trung ho d th hm lng P2O5 gim. Khi trung ho ng liu lng apatit, supephotphat ca cng ty t tiu chun sau: - Hm lng P2O5 hu hiu: 16% - Hm lng P2O5 t do: 4% - m: 13%