B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.

HCM KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM B MN CNG NGH BAO B V NG GI THC PHM

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TIU LUN

Ging vin hng dn: Sinh vin thc hin: (Lp 10CDTP1)

Vnh Long L Quc Nht 3005100541 Nguyn Th Kim Thu 3005100729 Dng Th Bch Trm 3005100801 Nguyn Hi Triu 3005100837

Ngy 25/05/2012

Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

T VN

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

MC LC

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

I. S RA I V PHT TRIN CA BAO B KIM LOI: - Nm 1810, Mt ngi Anh dng bnh st trng thic cha thc phm. - Nm 1880, My t ng sn xut bao b kim loi c gii thiu ln u tin. - Nm 1940, nc gii kht c gas ng lon c a ra th trng. - Nm 1958, ln u tin lon nhm c bn. - Nm 1968, Reynolds ngi tiu dng tin phong ti ch lon nhm. - Ngy nay, c hn 600 kch c v kiu bao b kim loi khc nhau ang c sn xut, cho php ngi tiu dng mua hn 1.500 cc loi thc phm khc nhau, nh l lon c c v to hnh, lon c in nhiu hnh nh, lon m c d dng v hp c th hm trong l vi ba II. C TNH CHUNG: - Bao b kim loi cha ng bo qun thc phm trong khong thi gian rt di nhm phc v nhu cu n lin cho nhng vng xa ni m khng th cung cp thc n, khng c iu kin thu hoch nhng thc phm ti sng. Bao b kim loi c th bo qun thc phm trong thi gian di t 2-3 nm, thun tin cho vic chuyn ch, phn phi xa v bao b nh, cng vng - Hin nay trn th gii, cng ngh hp ang mc n nh khng pht trin mnh, cng ngy ngi ta cng thch n thc phm ti va mi ch bin, bao b kim loi c sn xut nhm gii quyt vn thi v, trnh ng v nhm cung cp thc phm n lin, vn chuyn c xa v bo qun lu di. - Nhn chung, bao b kim loi c nhng u v nhc im nh sau: u im: Nh, thun tin vn chuyn m bo c kn (thn, np, y lm cng mt vt liu) Chng nh sng tt Chu nhit tt v kh nng truyn nhit cao
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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9 B mt sng, bng, p, c th trng lp vecni bo v lp in

khng b try xc Nhc im: D b oxy ha nu khng trng lp vecni Khng thy sn phm bn trong Gi thnh sn xut v ng gi bao b kh cao III. PHN LOI 3.1. Phn loi theo vt liu bao b: - Bao b thp trng thic (st ty): C thnh phn chnh l st, v cc phi kim, kim loi khc nh carbon hm lng 2,14%, Mn 0,8%, Si 0,4%, P 0,05%, S 0,05%. Hm lng carbon ch nn mc 0,15 0,5% v nu hm lng carbon ln thp khng t c tnh mm do m c tnh dn (in hnh nh gang). c th lm bao b kim loi, yu cu hm lng carbon khong 0,2%. - Bao b kim loi Al: Al lm bao b c tinh khit n 99%, v nhng thnh phn kim loi khc co ln trong Al nh Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn, Ti. 3.2. Phn loi theo cng ngh ch to lon: 3.2.1. Lon hai mnh: - Lon hai mnh gm thn dnh lin vi y, np ri c ghp m vi thn (ging ghp m np lon ba mnh). Vt liu ch to lon hai mnh phi c tnh mm do cao, chnh l nhm (Al). Hp, lon hai mnh c ch to theo cng ngh ko vut to nn thn rt mng so vi b dy y, nn d b m thng, mp, bin dng khi va chm c hc. Lon hai mnh l loi thch hp cha cc thc ung c gas (kh CO2)v to p sut i khng bn trong. - Ch to lon Al c th t c chiu cao n 110mm, nu ch to bng vt liu thp th khng th theo cng ngh ko vut vi chiu cao nh lon nhm v thp rt cng, vng.
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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

3.2.2.

Lon ba mnh (Lon ghp):

- Cng ngh ch to lon ba mnh c p dng cho vt liu thp. Lon ba mnh gm thn, np, y c ch to ring bit sau ghp m li vi nhau. - Thn, np, y c dy nh nhau v thp rt cng vng, khng mm do nh nhm, khng th nong vut lon c chiu cao nh nhm, ch c th nong vut chiu cao nh. IV. BAO B ST TY 4.1. Vt liu thp trng thic: - Thp c mu xm en khng c bng b mt, c th b n mn trong mi trng axit, kim. Khi c trng thic th thp c b mt sng bng. Tuy nhin thic l mt kim loi lng tnh (ging Al) nn d tc dng vi axit, kim, do ta cn trng lp vec-ni (nha nhit rn) c tnh tr trong mi trng axit v kim - Quy trnh sn xut thp kh phc tp v chi ph cao, bao b kim loi thp khng th ti s dng, ng thi vic ti ch cng tn nhiu chi ph v cng sc. Do cng nghip hp thc phm vn cn tn ti vn nhim. Thp c ch to thng qua quy trnh sau: Qung st

Loi tp cht

Oxi

Nhp liu vo l luyn thp

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Thp lng

Rt khun to phi thp

Gia nhit

Cn thnh tm

Lm lnh, ti b mt

Thp c cng t yu cu

Hnh 1. Thp tm
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- Thp trong ch to bao b thc phm cn phi c tinh sch cao, t c do dai (C 0,2 %).
- dy thp ch to bao b thc phm l 0,15 0,5 mm, ty theo

c tnh thc phm. 4.2. Tiu chun trng thic: Thic s dng phi t tinh khit 99,75%

Thic c th trng bng phng php nhng (14-15kg/tn thp) hoc Tm thp sau khi m thic c ph lp du bi trn DOS (dioetyl Lon cha ng thc phm c trng thic t 5,6 - 11,2g/m 2

m in (4-5kg/tn thp)

sebacate) t 2-5mg/m 2

Lp thic ph b mt thp to v m quan cho sn phm: bn ngoi v bn trong hp u c mu sng bc. 4.3. Lp Vec-ni bo v: Ph bn trong cng nh bn ngoi ca lon 3 mnh v 2 mnh, ph cc mi hn v ghp m. L loi nha nhit rn. Sau khi c un nng chy phun ph ln b mt lon th vecni c sy kh tr nn cng, rn chc. Nhm bo v lon khng b n mn bi mi trng thc phm.
Vec-ni trng ngoi lon gip lp sn bn ngoi khng b try xc.

Lp vec-ni phi m bo: Khng gy mi l cho thc phm, khng gy bin mu thc phm c cha ng Khng bong trc khi va chm c hc Khng b ph hy bi cc qu trnh un nng, thanh trng

C do cao tri u khp b mt c ph. Liu lng c . Sau khi to hnh th lon

trng ln thp tm: 3-9g/m2, dy 4-12 ghp thn, y.

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c trng b sung khc phc nhng ch try sc bin dng mi

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dy lp vecni phi ng u nhau, khng l thic qua nhng l,

nhng vt, s gy n mn thic v lp thp mt cch d dng. 4.4. Cu to lon 3 mnh:

Hnh 2. Cu to lon ba mnh (1) , (2) Mi hn m phn thn lon; (3) Mi ni; (4) Thp tm trng thic; (5) Mi hn m phn thn v y lon; (6) Mi hn m phn thn v np lon. Cu to ca mt thp tm trng thic (4) nh sau:

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Hnh 3. Cu to ca mt thp tm trng thic Lp thp nn (5): Lp thp nn hay nguyn liu thp tm dy 0,2 0,36mm. Thnh phn ha hc ca lp thp nn v c tnh b mt nh hng n c tnh v tnh chng n mn ca bao b. Ngoi ra cng ca thp nn cng nh hng n vic ch to lon. Lp hp kim FeSn2 (4): Dy khong 0,15 . Lp st nn sau khi c trng thic, c x l ha hc thnh lp hp kim Fe-Sn. Tnh lin tc ca lp hp kim v dy ca n nh hng ti tnh chng n mn ca thp nguyn liu. Nu lp thic b ha tan vo thc phm th lp hp kim s tr thnh lp bo v th hai. Lp thic (3): Dy khong 0,35 do chng n mn cng tt. Lp oxyt (SnO) (2): Dy khong 0,002 thic bn trong. Lp du DOS (1): Ph ln b mt thp tm, dy khong 0,002 dng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, nhp liu, to hnh lon. , nhm bi trn v che ph trnh try xc, gip cc thp tm trt ln nhau d c to ra trong qu trnh x l ha hc lp thic m bng dung dch Na 2Cr2O7, c tc dng bo v lp . Thi gian bo qun ca lon v m thic t l vi nhau: lp m thic cng dy th trn b mt thic cng t l,

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4.5. Quy trnh cng ngh ch to lon ba mnh (loi np thng khng gn kha n by): 4.5.1. Tng quan v quy trnh: St nguyn liu

Ra du, sy kh

Ph vecni, sy kh, in nhn hiu

Ct st to hnh

Cun, hn m phn thn Tch lon Loe ming

To gn

Ghp m thn, np, y

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Ph vecni

Sy

Sn phm lon ba mnh 4.5.2. Ch to phn thn lon: Da t quy trnh tng quan ta c nhng cng on chnh sau y to thn lon: Thp tm c ra du, sy, in nhn hiu, trng vecni

Ct to hnh

Cun, hn m thn Tch lon Loe ming

To gn

Thn lon

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Thuyt minh: In nhn hiu v trng vecni: Mt b mt ca thp tm c in nhn hiu, sau c th c ph vecni bo v c hai b mt hoc ch ph b mt khng in l b mt trong ng thc phm hoc khng ph vecni c hai mt, ty theo yu cu sn phm vic in c thc hin hng lot nhm to nhn hiu cung cp thng tin cho tng loi sn phm, ng thi lp vecni chng oxy ha t bn ngoi, to nt cho bao b. Ct st to hnh thn lon: Giai on 1: Ct tm st nguyn liu thnh nhiu tm nh c chiu rng l chiu cao lon to thn lon.

Giai on 2: Tip tc ct nhng tm st ln giai on 1 thnh nhng ming nh c chiu di bng chu vi y lon.

Giai on 3: Sau khi ct giai on 2, nhng tm st nh tip tc c ct gc v gp mp to m thn. Cun v hn m thn: c hn ghp m theo chiu cao lon, mi hn phi m bo kn v cng mn cng tt v ngoi vic to mi hn phng p cn to cho mi hn thn lon c cht kht khng c khe h. C hai phng php hn m ph bin l phng php c hc v phng php hn in.

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a) Mt ct ngang mi ghp theo phng php c hc

b) Mt ct ngang mi ghp theo phng php hn in

Hnh 4. Mt ct ngang ca cc mi ghp m thn Sau khi hn, c th ph vecni trong v ngoi mi hn trnh b n mn.

a) Thn tr trn chun b ghp m

b) Mi ghp m thn

c) Thn tr trn c ghp m

Hnh 5. Thn c ghp m Tch lon: Giai on ny ch tin hnh khi sn xut loi lon c chiu cao nh hn 9cm, v my hn ch hn c nhng lon c chiu cao ln hn. Do vy i vi lon c kch thc nh hn 9cm th thc hin hn 2 hoc nhiu lon mt ln sau tch lon. Loe ming: L giai on vin ming thn lon to g chun b qu trnh ghp m.

Hnh 6. Thn lon c loe ming

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To gn: Nhm to vng chc cho bao b sn phm, c th gim gi thnh sn phm do dng thp mng. Nu khng to gn tng cng th thp tm nguyn liu cn c dy 0,25mm nhng nu c to gn th nguyn liu c th c dy thp hn, ty theo trng lng thc phm ng hp, th tch hp m dng nguyn liu thp tm c dy thch hp.

Hnh 7. To gn phn thn lon Giai on to gn l giai on cui hon thnh phn thn lon. 4.5.3. Ch to np hoc y lon ba mnh: Thp tm c ra du, sy kh 210oC

Ct st to np hoc y

Dp to gn

Vin

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Phun keo m kn

Cao su dng past

Sy kh (60oC)

Sn phm np hoc y Thuyt minh: Sy kh n 210oC: Thp tm nguyn liu sau khi trng vecni c sy kh lm bc hi hon ton dung mi to nn lp nha rn chc trong sut bm dnh vo b mt thic. Ct st, nh hnh np hoc y: Ti y tm st nguyn liu c ct thnh nhng ming hnh trn c kch thc c thit k sao cho ph hp vi phn thn lon. Dp to gn: Nhm to tnh gin n ca np hoc y theo s gin n kh trong hp khi thanh trng, tit trng sn phm. Dp to gn v mc np hoc y.

Hnh 8. Np hoc y c to gn Vin: To ng cong quanh np hoc y gip cho vic mc np hoc y vo phn thn trong qu trnh ghp m d dng hn.
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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Phun keo m kn: Nhm m bo kn hon ton ca lon thnh phm sau khi ghp m y cng nh np vo thn lon (giai on ghp m s c tm hiu phn sau). Mt lp cao su n hi c phun vo vin np to vng m cho y hoc np, sau khi ghp m y v np tr nn cht kht vo thn lon.

Hnh 9. V tr phun cao su m kn Sy kh: m cao su vin np, y c sy kh 60 oC nhm lm kh lp m ny. y l giai on cui cng hon thnh phn np, y lon. 4.5.4. Ghp m thn, np, y: da vo quy trnh tng quan, sau khi ch to phn np, y v thn lon ring bit, ta tin hnh ghp m chng to sn phm lon, hp ba mnh hon chnh. Ghp m: - L giai on quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut hp.
-

L nguyn nhn to ra ph phm hp nu: + Mi ghp thn b lch (sai lch cho php 2%) + Try xc lp vecni khi cun v ghp m thn. Do phi ph li lp vecni khi hon thnh xong phn cun v ghp m thn.

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

a) Thn lon c loe ming

b) Np hoc y chun b ghp m vi thn

c) V tr np hoc y chun b ghp m vi thn

d) Thn vi np hoc y c ghp m hon chnh

Hnh 10. Mi ghp m gia thn hoc y vi np

a) V tr ban u

b) Hon tt vic cun m

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c) p cht m ghp Hnh 11. Qu trnh to mi ghp gia thn v y hoc np Khuyt tt ca mi ghp m thn vi np hoc y: - Mi ghp c th b h hng sai lch do cc nguyn nhn: thn, np, y c ct vi kch thc khng chnh xc, thiu hoc tha to nn mc np hoc mc thn sai lch qu ngn hoc qu di. - My ghp hot ng khng tt, khng t yu cu s gy h hng sn phm hng lot. Mc thn v mc np hoc y khng mc cht vo nhau hoc b lch to bao b khng kn, to iu kin nc xm nhp trong qu trnh thanh trng v c s xm nhp ca khng kh, vi sinh vt chng pht trin sinh khi gy h hng thc phm. S h hng ny ca bao b v thc phm c th c pht hin do s r r nc thc phm ra khi bao b khi c s o lc lon, hp hoc trong thi gian bo qun, sn phm b ln men thi hay ln men to CO2 v ethanol. - kim tra kn ca lon sau khi ghp m, lon c cho vo bung kh nn ca my o chuyn dng ri bm kh nn vo vi p sut thch hp v duy tr p sut, nu p sut gim ngha l lon ny b h phi loi b. Ngm lon vo b cha nc nng 90 n 100oC, nu thy bt kh thot ra th lon ny b h mi ghp, cn tm nguyn nhn gy h mi ghp t my ghp hay t kch thc cc b phn thn, y, np.

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Hon thnh lon ba mnh: Sau khi hon thnh phn ghp m, lon c ph vecni v sy. Tip n c chuyn n nh my sn xut thc phm chit rt thc phm v ng np hon thnh sn phm.

Hnh 12. Cc loi np ghp vi thn lon 4.6. H hng lon st ty 4.6.1. n mn ha hc do bong trc lp vec-ni: 4.6.1.1. Mi trng thc phm c tnh axit (H+) to kh H2: - Lp vecni bong trc s to s tip xc ca lp oxyt thic vi mi trng thc phm bn trong c tnh axit (H+), xy ra phn ng: Vi SnO: 2H+ +SnO = Sn2+ + H2O Vi lp Sn: 2H+ +Sn = Sn2+ + H2 - Thic tip tc phn ng vi lp thp pha trong: Sn2+ + Fe = Sn + Fe2+ Kh H2 sinh ra s lm phng hp. - V mt cm quan, Sn2+ c th gy mi tanh kh chu, nh hng cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm. Hm lng Sn cho php c mt trong hp thc phm l 250ppm (theo quy nh B Y T), vt qu gi tr ny th thc phm buc phi hy. Fe2+ khng gy c hi i vi sc khe ngi tiu dng nu khng vt qu cao, nu hm lng 20ppm c th lm xut hin mt vi vt mu xm en nh hng n mt cm quan.

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4.6.2.1. n mn bi H2S to kh H2: - i vi thc phm giu protein nh tht, c hoc loi gia v ti c cha trong bao b thp trng thic, khi c tit trng th nhng protein c cu ni di-sulfur s b bin tnh, t v lin kt di-sulfur, to H 2S. Nu lp vecni b bong trc l lp Sn th s xy ra phn ng sau y lm xut hin cc vt en tm gy mt gi tr cm quan ca thc phm: H2S + Sn = SnS + H2 (SnS dng vy mu nu tm) H2S + Fe = FeS + H2 (FeS dng vy mu en) 4.6.2. H hng lon st ty do vi sinh vt: - Vi sinh vt gy hin tng phng hp do kh sinh ra trong sn phm hp. hoc t ngun nguyn liu, cc cng on ch bin - Cc loi vi khun ym kh pht trin gy s ln men thi trn mi trng thc phm giu m - Cc loi nm mc pht trin trn mi trng giu m cng gy mi kh chu v cc hp cht c hi nh mecaptan, indol. - Cc loi nm men pht trin trn mi trng nhiu ng sinh CO2 lm phng hp. V. BAO B NHM 5.1. c im: - Bao b nhm c dng hnh tr trn, thuc loi lon hai mnh: thn dnh lin y v np. Np c ghp vi thn theo cch ghp m ca lon thp trng thic ba mnh. - Bao b lon nhm c ch to c bit s dng cha ng nc gii kht c gas, bia, l nhng loi dung dch lng c to p lc bn trong bao b. Do nhm c tnh mm do cao, nu bao b nhm ch cha ng cht lng khng c p lc kh th bao b khng cng chc nh trng hp lon thp, d dng b h hng do bin dng, thng bi nhng va chm c hc. khi bao b cha ng nhng loi thc ung c gas, gas to p lc trong lon, to s cng vng cho lon nhm mt cch hp l.
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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Hnh 13. Cc sn phm lon nhm - Bao b nhm rt nh so vi cc loi bao b bng cc vt liu khc, rt thun li trong vn chuyn phn phi sn phm thc phm. - Nhm c c tnh mm do, c nhit nng chy cao, do khng th ch to theo dng lon ba mnh v phi qua giai on cun thn, hn in lm chy nhm kt dnh mp thn to thn lon kn, m phi dng phng php dp v vut to thn dnh lin y; do to nn c im v dy lon: c nhng vng c dy khc nhau nh y c dy cao nht, thn tr c dy thay i mng dn v pha bng lon, c lon ni ghp c dy cao hn phn bng. - Mt c im quan trng l nhm chng c tia cc tm do ngoi dng lon, nhm c dng dng l nhm ghp vi cc vt liu khc nh plastic bao gi thc phm, chng thot hng, chng tia cc tm. - Nhm dng lm bao b c tinh khit 99-99,8%
- dy l nhm lm lon hp khong 320m.

- L nhm thng c dng bao gi cc loi ko, chocolate, pho-mat do tnh mm do ca l nhm, l nhm c th p st b mt cc loi thc phm ny, ngn cn s tip xc vi khng kh, vi sinh vt, hi nc 5.2. Cng ngh ch tao lon nhm: Cng ngh ch tao nguyn liu nhm:
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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Qung bauxit

Tinh ch

Oxyt nhm

in phn

Nhm nng chy

Rt khun to thi Cun l nhm

Cn thnh tm

Thuyt minh s : - Hin nay trn th gii quy trinh san xut nhm c thc hin theo 3 giai oan chinh o la: Khai thac bauxite, ch bin alumina va luyn nhm. Trong o giai oan ch bin alumina va luyn nhm c thc hin theo 2 quy trinh: quy trinh Bayer-ch bin bauxite thanh alumina va quy trinh Hall-Heroult- in phn alumina thanh nhm. Quy trinh Bayer - u tin bauxite c nghin v trn ln vi ha cht (natri hydroxit/x a, vi). Sau , n c bm vo bnh chu p lc rt ln v nc nng, sau thm ha cht (vi ti sinh xut) c thm vo, v alumina ngm nc c kt tinh t dung dich sau khi c tao mm vi cac tinh th trihydrat. Nhng tinh th ny sau c ra sch v nung nng nhit rt cao ui ht nc cho n khi c dng bt mu trng. y l alumina hoc nhm oxide. Alumina phi c tinh ch trc khi c th s dng in phn sn xut ra nhm kim loi.
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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Quy trinh Hall-Heroult

- Cng ngh Hall - Hroult l qu trnh tch nhm theo phng php in phn nng chy c s dng cryolit (sodium aluminum fluoride, Na3AlF6) l cht xc tc gim nng chy ca tinh qung alumina. Hn hp dung dch cryolit vi tinh qung alumina b ha tan c in phn khin nhm th lng chuyn dch v pha cathode v tch t trn dng cc ny trong khi cc m anode bng C b oxi ha thnh carbon ioxit. Ngun in c s dng bi rt nhiu l luyn nhm nh trn thng c in th rt thp (thng 3-5 V), nhng i hi dng phi ln trong mi mt bung in phn cng dng c th t 220kA ln n 340kA.. Cc bung t tng nhit do chnh dng in chy qua ln ti nhit in phn, v h thng iu bin anode thay i dng in chy qua bng cch nng ln hay h xung thanh anode v do thay i tr khng ca bung in phn. Khi cn, mt thanh ni c cho tip xc hnh thnh nn mch r. Nhm lng c tch ra nh mt xi phng v mt my ht. Nhm lng c chuyn vo cc thng cha hay c a ngay qua cc ng ng dn lin tc v chu nhit sang cc c s ma.

Hnh 14. Nhm cun

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Cng ngh ch tao thn lon va np lon:

Cc bc to hnh thn hp 2 mnh:

Hnh 15. Cc bc to hnh thn lon hai mnh Thuyt minh hnh nh Hnh 1: T cun l nhm va sn xut c ct thnh tng tm c kch thc ph hp sau c dui tri thng, bi trn v ct thnh hnh trn. Hnh 2: Mnh nhm hnh trn va ct c dp to hnh than s b. Tuy nhin, lc ny c than v y lon c b dy mnh nhm nh nhau. Hnh 3, 4, 5, 6: Lc ny t cng on to hnh s b mnh nhm tip tc c nng vut to thn tr c chiu cao theo yu cu v khi y lon c

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

b dy khng i so vi ban u cn thn lon t t c vut mng hn ban u. Hnh 7: Ct phn tha vin ming lon chun b cho cc cng on tip theo chng hn nh loe ming v ghp np. Ch tao np lon: - Nhm tm phu vec-ni bi trn ct hinh tron dp tao hinh np, moc np gn khoa np phun lp cao su m ln moc np tao cht va kin.

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Hnh 16. Cu to np lon

Quy trnh sn xut than v np lon nhm:

Cun nhm l Dui, tri thng

Bi trn

Ct thnh hnh trn Dp to hnh thn tr s b Nong vut to thn tr c ch.cao yu cu v to dng y lon Ct phn tha vin ming lon

Ct thnh hnh trn np Dp to hnh np, to mc np Gn kha np vo tm np

To kha np

Ra sch cht bi trn

Ra sch cht bi trn

Sy kh

Sy thn lon Phun cao su m kn

GVHD: ngoi, loe In mt Vnh Long

mp Ph vecni bo v lon, np

Sy kh vecni

NpTrang 27 Thn lon thnh thnh phm phm

Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

5.3. n mon bao bi nhm: - Lon c che phu lp vec-ni bao v n mon, do o lon chi bi n mon khi lp vec-ni bi try xc, bong troc giup mi trng axit cua bia hoc nc giai khat tip xuc vi Al hoc Al2O3: Al2O3 + 6H+ = 2Al3+ + 3H2O Al + 6H+ = Al3+ + 3H2 - Kh H2 sinh ra khng tao ap lc ang k so vi CO2 co sn trong lon, nhng nu bi n mon se thng lon dn n h hng sn phm. VI. CC SN PHM S DNG BAO B KIM LOI 6.1. Sn phm caf: C ph l mt loi thc ung c t lu i v lin tc c pht trin. n nay n l mt trong nhng thc ung c a chung nht trn th gii. y l mt loi hng v gic c hng v phong ph, trong thnh phn ha hc c cht c bit nh cafein. Cafe ht c rang vi nhit cao. Trong qu trnh ny n chuyn sang mu vng v to ra mi thm c trng.

GVHD: Vnh Long

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Hnh 17. Sn phm c ph cha trong lon kim loi gi c hng v c trng ny v lm tha mn nhu cu ca ngi s dng, cafe bt buc phi c ng gi, vn chuyn v phn phi trong nhng bao b kn. Hp kim loi v bao gi bng giy nhm l nhng vt liu c th dng bao gi c. Tuy nhin, bao gi bng giy nhm phi c ht chn khng trnh bao gi b rch v. Qu trnh ny lm nh hng ti hng v ca cafe. Hp kim loi chng t l s la chn ti u cho bao b cafe. Cafe sau khi xay, c a vo nhng silo kn v ng gi vo nhng hp kim loi. Cc hp ny sau c ht chn khng v ghp m. Bn tm ting sau, p sut trong hp tr li bnh thng. Phng php ny gip cho cafe gi nguyn c hng v ca n ti tn tay ngi tiu dng. Bao b kim loi cn c nhng li th ng k khc nh kh to hnh dng, cc ng hn c trng v cht lng in n tuyt ho. Kim loi vi c tnh bn vng sn cn gip cho cc hp cha c th xp chng ln nhau v c hn kn. 6.2. Tr kh Tr xanh l ung khng ch tt cho sc khe m cn th hin mt nt vn ha truyn thng. Ty tng vng m hng v tr khc nhau. Bn cnh , cc yu t nh: nh sng, m, nhit v xy cng nh hng ln n cht lng ca tr.

GVHD: Vnh Long

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Cng nh cafe, hp kim loi th hin tnh u vit hn hn cc loi bao b khc trong vic gi nguyn hng v tr. ng tr trong nhng hp kn, ni thong mt, kh ro v ti s gip bo qun tr ngon ti 3 nm.

Hnh 18. Tr kh c cha trong lon kim loi 6.3. Cc loi hp Bao b kim loi s dng kh ph bin trong cng nghip hp c bit l bao b nhm. y l vt liu thay th rt tt cho th st ty c truyn. Nhm c bn n mn cao. l nh mt mng oxit cc mng xut hin trn b mt nhm; lp ny v sau tr thnh lp v bo v kim loi trc s tn cng ca oxi. Ngoi ra, n cn c mt tnh cht qu bu na: khng ph hy cc vitamin. V vy, ngi ta dng nhm cho cc ngnh cng nghip b sa, ng, bnh ko, ru bia. a) Cc loi hp ch bin t rau, qu Cc loi hp ch bin t rau: hp rau nu thnh mn: Rau c ch bin cng vi tht, c, du, ng, mui, c chua c c v gia v khc, em rn hay hp. hp nc rau: c ch bin t cc loi rau, c c th lm nc ung c. Cc loi hp ch bin t qu :
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GVHD: Vnh Long

Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

hp qu nc ng: c ch bin t cc loi qu, qua cc qu trnh x l s b, ri ngm trong dung dch nc ng, loi hp ny cn gi c tnh cht c trng ca nguyn liu. hp nc qu:
Dng nc qu khng c tht qu

C 2 dng: Dng nc qu c tht qu hp nc qu dng ung trc tip hoc ly nc qu ch bin mt ng, sir qu, ru..

Hnh 19. Nc qu c cha trong lon kim loi Trong qu trnh ch bin, khi rt hp, nc ng cn c nhit 80850C. Hp rt nc ng xong, em ghp np ngay trn my ghp vi chn khng 300-350 mmHg, nu chm sn phm b bin mu v d nhim trng. Sau em thanh trng ngay, khng nn lu qu 30 pht, trnh hin tng ln men trc khi thanh trng v gim nhit ban u ca hp. Tu theo chng loi sn phm v s hiu hp, ch thanh trng khc nhau. Nhit thanh trng thng 1000C, trong thi gian di ty tng c tnh ca sn phm. Chnh v lm vic trong nhit cao ko di nh vy m bao b kim loi l phng n c la chn.

GVHD: Vnh Long

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Bao b hp thng lm bng st, d b oxy ho khi ng thc phm, nht l loi c cha nc nh tri cy. Ph thm lp thic hoc vecni chng g st, s ko di thi gian bo qun. Trng vecni c li im l khng nghe mi v v hp s dng vecni khng b mu t nhin ca tri cy nhum cho nn thnh bao b bn trong khng bao gi xut hin nhng vt loang l mu xm en khi lu, nhng gi thnh cao. Cho nn, thng thng vi nhng loi tri cy mu nh nh da, chm chm, vidng v hp trng thic; tri cy mu mnh nh chui, xoith dng v trng vecni. b) Cc loi hp ch bin t tht y l loi hp thc phm ch yu c bo qun trong bao b kim loi. Bao gm: + + +
+

hp tht t nhin. hp tht gia v. hp tht u. hp ch bin t tht ch bin: nh xc xch, jampon, hp tht gia cm. hp tht p, tht hun khi.

pat, lp xng... +
+

Hnh 20. Sn phm hp kim loi tht Trong qu trnh ch bin khi tht sau khi c bi kh xong phi c ghp m ngay. Sau a i thanh trng 1210C. Thanh trng
GVHD: Vnh Long Trang 32

Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

nhit p dng cho sn phm ny c li v: va tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt, va gi c cht lng sn phm. c) Cc loi hp ch bin t thy sn hp thy sn khng gia v
+ + +

hp c thu khng gia v hp tm khng gia v hp cua khng gia v

Hnh 21. Sn phm hp kim loi thy sn Bao b kim loi c dng do c cc tnh nng nh d ghp m cht v kn, truyn nhit d dng thch hp qu trnh thanh trng sn phm. V pH ca sn phm ln hn 4,6 nn chn ch thanh trng 115-1210C trong khong thi gian t 40 105 pht, p sut cho qu trnh thanh trng ch ny 1.3 bar. Thi gian c tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt l khong 30-40 pht, thi gian cn li c tc dng lm mm sn phm. Thi gian thanh trng vi mt s loi hp c kch c khc nhau: Kch c hp 202 x 308 401 x 411 603 x 408 603 x 700 Thi gian thanh trng 100pht 160 pht 200 pht 240 pht

GVHD: Vnh Long

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Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

Mi sn phm ch ph hp vi mt loi hp c vt liu, dung tch, kch c nht nh. Lp vecni phi bn di tc dng nhit ca nc, du trong qu trnh ch bin. 6.4. Sn phm ung c gas Yu cu c bit ca loi ung ny l bao b phi chu c lc p ca kh gas. Trc y, cc lai ung c gas c ng trong cc hp thp rt nng, c thit din gn nh l hnh ch nht. Nhng ci lon ny c cu to gm 3 phn, tc l phn np v y c gn vo 1 an ng hnh tr gia nh my p.

Hnh 21. Nc ung c gas c cha trong lon nhm Khi cc hng sn xut v hp buc phi quan tm nhiu hn n vic gim gi thnh v bo v mi trng, h chuyn sang sn xut nhng hp mng bng nhm. Nhm mng th c bn km hn thp. Yu cu t ra l nhng chic lon c cn tht mng m vn m bo cha c lng cht lng bn trong. iu ny c p ng nh cu to ca lon. Phn mng nht v vng nht ca lon l phn np v c gn hi tht xung. Np phi bn vng chu c lc tc ng khi m lon. Kim loi phn ny mng do ng knh ca ci np nn nh n mc c th, thng nh hn 1 cht so vi phn thn. ni chng li vi nhau th lon phi tht vo pha trn (khng th lm nh ng knh ca ton b lon, v nh vy s cha c t
GVHD: Vnh Long Trang 34

Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

bia hn). Khi , y lon cng phi tht li chng c th xp chng ln nhau. Kim loi phn y rt mng, nu lm phng, chng rt d b bin dng. V vy, y phi lm cong va chc hn va d xp chng ln nhau, tin cho vic vn chuyn.

6.5. Cc loi hp ch bin t sa Sa c c c ng: L sn phm sa c bc hi nc trong nhng ni c chn khng. C c sa ha ng nhit khng cao lm (khong 500C), nn cht lng sa khng thay i nhiu. Thanh trng sa nhit t 75oC tr ln. Tuy nhin cao hn 950C s nh hng ti hng v ca sa.

Hnh 22. Cc sn phm sa lon kim loi Sa bt: Sa sau khi c c, c sy kh. C th sy theo 2 phng php: Sy nng v sy lnh. Sy lnh bo m c phm cht ca sa hn nhng tn km nhiu nng lng v thi gian. Thanh trng sa lun phi nhit cao trong thi gian di mi m bo tiu dit vi sinh vt v ko di c thi hn s dng. Do vy bao b bng vt liu kim loi l la chn khng th thay th i vi dng sn phm ny. Vi sa c c ng c th dng bao b nha nhng ch ng c lng nh sn phm v thi gian bo qun ngn v ch thanh trng c trong thi gian ngn do tnh cht vt liu bao b khng chu c nhit trong thi gian di.
GVHD: Vnh Long Trang 35

Bao b kim loi Nhm 9

TI LIU THAM KHO Sch: [1] Vnh Long, bi ging cng ngh bao b v ng gi thc phm. Trng i hc cng nghip thc phm thnh ph H Ch Minh. [2] ng Th Anh o, k thut bao b thc phm. Nh xut bn i hc quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh. Trang web: [1] Bao b kim loi: http://www.scribd.com/doc/83887015/Chuong-2-BaoBi-Kim-Loai [2] Qu trnh cho sn phm vo bao b - bi kh - ghp kn: http://cnx.org/content/m30416/latest/ [3] Bao b 200 tui v nhng con s lin quan: http://newlifepack.com.vn/index.php? opt=news&views=9&ncid=7&seo=bao-bi-kim-loai-200-tuoi-nhung-conso-lien-quan

GVHD: Vnh Long

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