TRAN S TUNG

---- & ----

Nam 2010

Trn S Tng

i s 11
CHNG 0

CNG THC LNG GIC

sin

1. nh ngha cc gi tr lng gic:

tang

I. H THC C BN

OP = cos a
OQ = sin a
AT = tan a
BT ' = cot a

Nhn xt:

T'

cotang

M
a

cosin

"a, - 1 cos a 1; - 1 sin a 1

tana xc nh khi a

p
+ kp , k Z ,
2

cota xc nh khi a kp , k Z
2. Du ca cc gi tr lng gic:
Cung phn t

II

II

IV

sina

cosa

tana

cota

Gi tr lng gic

3. H thc c bn:

sin2a + cos2a = 1;
tana.cota = 1
1
1
1 + tan2 a =
; 1 + cot 2 a =
cos2 a
sin 2 a

4. Cung lin kt:

Cung i nhau

Cung b nhau

cos(- a) = cos a

sin(p - a) = sin a

sin(- a) = - sin a

cos(p - a) = - cos a

tan(- a) = - tan a

tan(p - a) = - tan a

cot(- a) = - cot a

cot(p - a) = - cot a
Trang 1

Cung ph nhau
p

sin - a = cos a
2

cos - a = sin a
2

tan - a = cot a
2

cot - a = tan a
2

i s 11

Trn S Tng

p
2

Cung hn km p

Cung hn km

sin(p + a) = - sin a

sin + a = cos a
2

cos(p + a) = - cos a

cos + a = - sin a
2

tan(p + a) = tan a

tan + a = - cot a
2

cot(p + a) = cot a

cot + a = - tan a
2

5. Bng gi tr lng gic ca cc gc (cung) c bit

0

p
6

p
4

p
3

p
2

2p
3

3p
4

3p
2

2p

00

300

450

600

900

1200

1350

1800

2700

3600

sin

1
2

2
2

3
2

3
2

2
2

cos

3
2

2
2

1
2

tan

3
3

3
3

cotg

1
2

2
2

- 3

3
3

II. CNG THC CNG

Cng thc cng:
sin(a + b) = sin a. cos b + sin b.cos a
sin(a - b) = sin a.cos b - sin b.cos a
cos(a + b) = cos a. cos b - sin a.sin b
cos(a - b) = cos a. cos b + sin a.sin b

H qu:

tan a + tan b
1 - tan a.tan b
tan a - tan b
tan(a - b) =
1 + tan a.tan b
tan(a + b) =

p
1 + tan x
p
1 - tan x
tan + x =
, tan - x =
4
1 - tan x
4
1 + tan x

Trang 2

Trn S Tng

i s 11
III. CNG THC NHN

1. Cng thc nhn i:

sin2a = 2sina.cosa
cos 2 a = cos2 a - sin 2 a = 2 cos2 a - 1 = 1 - 2sin 2 a
tan 2a =

2 tan a
1 - tan 2 a

2. Cng thc h bc:

1 - cos 2 a
2
1 + cos 2a
2
cos a =
2
1 - cos 2 a
2
tan a =
1 + cos 2 a

sin 2 a =

cot 2 a - 1
2 cot a
3. Cng thc nhn ba:

; cot 2 a =

sin 3a = 3sin a - 4sin3 a

cos 3a = 4 cos3 a - 3cos a
3tan a - tan 3 a
tan 3a =
1 - 3tan 2 a

4. Cng thc biu din sina, cosa, tana theo t = tan

t: t = tan

a
2t
(a p + 2 kp ) th: sin a =
;
2
1 + t2

a
:
2
cos a =

1 - t2
1 + t2

tan a =

2t
1 - t2

IV. CNG THC BIN I

1. Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch:
sin(a + b)
cos a.cos b
sin(a - b)
tan a - tan b =
cos a.cos b
sin(a + b)
cot a + cot b =
sin a.sin b
sin(b - a)
cot a - cot b =
sin a.sinb

a+b
a-b
.cos
2
2
a+b
a-b
sin a - sin b = 2 cos
.sin
2
2
a+b
a-b
cos a + cos b = 2 cos
. cos
2
2
a+b
a-b
cos a - cos b = - 2 sin
.sin
2
2
sin a + sin b = 2sin

tan a + tan b =

p
p
sin a + cos a = 2.sin a + = 2.cos a -
4
4

p
p
sin a - cos a = 2 sin a - = - 2 cos a +

4
2. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng:
1
cos a.cos b = cos(a - b) + cos(a + b)
2
1
sin a.sin b = cos(a - b) - cos(a + b)
2
1
sin a.cos b = sin(a - b) + sin(a + b)
2

Trang 3

i s 11

Trn S Tng

CHNG I

HAM SO LNG GIAC PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC

I. HM S LNG GIC
Vn 1:

TP XC NH, TP GI TR, TNH CHN L, CHU K

y = sin x : Tp xc nh D = R; tp gi tr T = -1, 1 ; hm l, chu k T0 = 2p .

2p
a

y = sin(ax + b) c chu k T0 =

y = sin(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) xc nh.
y = cos x : Tp xc nh D = R; Tp gi tr T = -1, 1 ; hm chn, chu k T0 = 2p .
2p
a

y = cos(ax + b) c chu k T0 =

y = cos(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) xc nh.
p

y = tan x : Tp xc nh D = R \ + kp , k Z ; tp gi tr T = R, hm l, chu k T0 = p .
2

p
a

y = tan(ax + b) c chu k T0 =

y = tan(f(x)) xc nh f ( x )

p
+ kp (k Z )
2

y = cot x : Tp xc nh D = R \ {kp , k Z } ; tp gi tr T = R, hm l, chu k T0 = p .

p
a

y = cot(ax + b) c chu k T0 =

y = cot(f(x)) xc nh f ( x ) kp (k Z ) .

y = f1(x) c chu k T1 ;

y = f2(x) c chu k T2

Th hm s y = f1 ( x ) f2 ( x ) c chu k T0 l bi chung nh nht ca T1 v T2.

Trang 4

Trn S Tng

i s 11

Bai 1. Tm tp xc nh v tp gi tr ca cc hm s sau:

2x
a/ y = sin

x -1

b/ y = sin x

d/ y = 1 - cos2 x

e/ y =

c/ y = 2 - sin x

1
sin x + 1

sin x
p
g/ y = cot x +
h/ y =
cos( x - p )
3

Bai 2. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

p
f/ y = tan x -
6

i/ y =

1
tan x - 1

p
a/ y = 2sin x + + 1

b/ y = 2 cos x + 1 - 3

c/ y = sin x

d/ y = 4sin 2 x - 4 sin x + 3

e/ y = cos2 x + 2sin x + 2

f/ y = sin 4 x - 2 cos2 x + 1

h/ y = 3 sin 2 x - cos 2 x
Bai 3. Xt tnh chn l ca hm s:
a/ y = sin2x
b/ y = 2sinx + 3
d/ y = tanx + cotx
e/ y = sin4 x
g/ y = sinx + cosx

g/ y =

sin x - tan x
sin x + cot x

h/ y =

cos3 x + 1
sin3 x

i/ y = sin x + 3 cos x + 3
c/ y = sinx + cosx
f/ y = sinx.cosx
i/ y = tan x

Bai 4. Tm chu k ca hm s:

a/ y = sin 2 x
d/ y = sin 2 x + cos

b/ y = cos
x
2

g/ y = 2sin x . cos3 x
HD:

a/ p .

Vn 2:

b/ 6p .

c/ p .

x
3

c/ y = sin 2 x
f/ y = cos

h/ y = cos2 4 x

i/ y = tan(-3x + 1)

d/ 4p .

e/ p . .

f/ 70p .

g/ p .

h/

p
.
4

i/

p
3

TH CA HM S LNG GIC

1/

V th hm s lng gic:
Tm tp xc nh D.
Tm chu k T0 ca hm s.
Xc nh tnh chn l (nu cn).
Lp bng bin thin trn mt on c di bng chu k T0 c th chn:

T T
x 0, T0 hoc x - 0 , 0 .
2 2
V th trn on c di bng chu k.

3x
2x
- sin
5
7

e/ y = tan x + cot 3 x

r
r
Ri suy ra phn th cn li bng php tnh tin theo vc t v = k .T0 .i v bn tri v
r
phi song song vi trc honh Ox (vi i l vc t n v trn trc Ox).
Trang 5

i s 11

Trn S Tng

2/ Mt s php bin i th:

a/ T th hm s y = f(x), suy ra th hm s y = f(x) + a bng cch tnh tin th y =
f(x) ln trn trc honh a n v nu a > 0 v tnh tin xung pha di trc honh a n
v nu a < 0.
b/ T th y = f(x), suy ra th y = f(x) bng cch ly i xng th y = f(x) qua trc
honh.
f ( x ), neu f(x) 0
c/ th y = f ( x ) =
c suy t th y = f(x) bng cch gi
-f(x), neu f(x) < 0
nguyn phn th y = f(x) pha trn trc honh v ly i xng phn th y = f(x)
nm pha di trc honh qua trc honh.
y

V d 1: V th hm s y = f(x) = sinx.
Tp xc nh: D = R.

Tp gi tr: -1, 1 .
Chu k: T = 2 .

Bng bin thin trn on 0, 2p

p
2

y = sinx

-p

3p
2

p
2

p
2

2p

3p
2

5p
2

3p
2

2p

1
y

r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = 2 kp .i ta c th y = sinx.

Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s l nn nhn gc ta O lm tm i xng.
p
Hm s ng bin trn khong 0, v nghch bin trn
2
y
V d 2: V th hm s y = f(x) = cosx.
1
Tp xc nh: D = R.

Tp gi tr: -1, 1 .
Chu k: T = 2 .

Bng bin thin trn on 0, 2p :

x
y

0
1

p
2

3p
2

-p

p
2

, p .
2

y = cosx

p
2

3p
2

2p
1

1
r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = 2 kp .i ta c th y = cosx.
Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s chn nn nhn trc tung Oy lm trc i xng.
Trang 6

3p
2

2p

5p
2

Trn S Tng

i s 11

p
Hm s nghch bin trn khong 0, v nghch bin trn khong
2

V d 3: V th hm s y = f(x) = tanx.
p

Tp xc nh: D = R \ + kp , k Z
2

3p
p ,
.
2

y = tanx

Tp gi tr: R.
Gii hn: lim y =
x

p
2

3p
2

p
: l tim cn ng.
2
Chu k: T = .
p p
Bng bin thin trn - , :
2 2

O p
2

p
2

2p

3p
2

5p
2

2p

x=

p
2

p
2
+

r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = kp .i ta c th y = tanx.
Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s l nn nhn gc ta O lm tm i xng.
Hm s lun ng bin trn tp xc nh D.
V d 4: V th hm s y = f(x) = cotx.

Tp xc nh: D = R \ {kp , k Z }

y = cotx

Tp gi tr: R.
Gii hn:
lim y = + , lim y = -
x 0

x x

-2 p

tim cn ng: x = 0, x =
Chu k: T = .

Bng bin thin trn on 0, p :

x
y

0
+

p
2

3p
2

-p - p
2

p
2

r
r
Tnh tin theo vct v = kp .i ta c th y = cotx.

Nhn xt:
th l mt hm s l nn nhn gc ta O lm tm i xng.
Hm s lun gim trn tp xc nh D.
Trang 7

3p
2

i s 11

Trn S Tng

V d 5: V th y = sinx.
V th y = sinx.
T th y = sinx, ta suy ra th y = sinx bng cch ly i xng qua Ox.
y
1

3p
2

-p

p
2

y = sinx

p
2

3p
2

2p

V d 6: V th y = sinx
sin x , neu sin x 0
y = sin x =
-sin x, neu sin x < 0.

y
1
y = /sinx/
p

p
2

p
2

3p
2

2p

V d 7: V th hm s y = 1 + cosx.
V th y = cosx.
T th y = cosx, ta suy ra th y = 1 + cos x bng cch tnh tin th y = cos x ln
trc honh 1 n v.

Bng bin thin trn on 0, 2p :

p
2

3p
2

2p
1

y = cosx

0
1

y = 1 + cosx

1
0

y
2
y = 1 + cosx

y = cosx
-p

p
2

p
2

Trang 8

3p
2

Trn S Tng

i s 11

V d 8: V th y = sin2x.
y = sin2x c chu k T = p

Bng bin thin trn on 0, 2p :

p
2

p
4

2x

-p

p
2

y = sin2x

p
2

p
2

p
2
1

1
y
1
y = sin2x

p
2

p
4

p
4

p
2

3p
2

p
4
p
2

p
2

5p
4

V d 9: V th y = cos2x.
y = cos2x c chu k T = p

Bng bin thin trn on 0, 2p :

p
2

2x

-p

p
4
p
2
-

0
0

1
y = cos2x

1
y
1
y = cos2x

p
2

p
4

p
4

Trang 9

p
2

3p
4

i s 11

Trn S Tng

p
V d 10: V th y = sin x + c chu k T = 2p .
4

x
x+

p
4

y = sin x +

3p
4

p
2
p
4

3p
4

p
2

p
4

p
4

2
2

p
2
3p
2

2
2

0
-

p
4
p
2
1

2
2

3p
4

p
5p
4

2
2

2
2

y
1
2/2

-p

3p
4

p
2

y = sin x +

4
O

p
4

- 2 /2

p
4

p
2

3p
4

5p
4

3p
2

7p
4

p
V d 11: V th y = cos x - c chu k T = 2p .
4

x
x-

p
4

5p
4

3p
4

-p

p
2
3p
4
-

p
4
p
2
-

0
-

p
4

p
4
0

p
2
p
4

3p
4
p
2

p
3p
4

1
p

y = cos x -

0
-

2
2

2
2

Trang 10

2
2

2
2

0
-

2
2

Trn S Tng

i s 11

p
V d 12: V th y = sin x + cos x = 2 sin x + c chu k T = 2p .
4

x+

3p
4
p
2
1

3p
4
2
2

p
4

sin x +

p
2
p
4
2
2

p
4

p
4
p
2
1

0
p
4
2
2

0
0

2 sin x +

p
2
3p
4
2
2

3p
4
p
0

5p
4
2
2

1
0

0
1

1
- 2

sin x + cos x

y
2

-p

3p
4

p
2

p
4

O
- 2

y=
p
4

p
2

p
4

p
2

3p
4

5p
4

3p
2

2 sin x +

4
x

7p
4

y
2

-p

3p
4

p
2

p
4

V d 13: V th y = cos x - sin x =

cosx

sinx

cosx sinx

cos x - sin x

3p
4
2
2
2
2
0
-

p
2

0
1
1
1

y = sin x + cos x
3p
2

5p
4

3p
2

7p
4

p
2 cos x + c chu k T = 2p .
4

p
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
-

0
1
0
1

p
4
2
2
2
2
0

0
1
1
1

0
Trang 11

p
2

3p
4
2
2
2
2
- 2
2

p
1
0
1
1

i s 11

Trn S Tng
y

y
2

-p

3p p
4
2

p
4

y = cosx sinx

p
4

3p
4

p
2

5p
4

-p

3p
4

p
2

p
4

y = cosx sinx

p
4

p
2

3p
4

5p
4

-1
- 2

V d 14: V th y = tanx + cotx.

Tp xc nh: D = R \ k . , k Z
2

Chu k T = p .

p
2

tanx

||

- 3

cotx

3
3

p
3

p
4

p
6
3
3

- 3

||

p
6
3
3

p
4

p
3

||

3
3

4 3
3

+
4 3
3

y=
tanx + cotx

4 3
3

y
y = tanx + cotx

4 3
3

p
2

p
p
3
4

p
6

p
6

p
4

2
4 3
3

Trang 12

p
3

p
2

p
2

4 3
3

Trn S Tng

i s 11

II. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC

I. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC C BN

1. Phng trnh sinx = sina

x = a + k 2p
a/ sin x = sin a
(k Z )
x = p - a + k 2p
sin x = a. ieu kien : - 1 a 1.
b/
x = arcsin a + k 2p
sin x = a
(k Z )
x = p - arcsin a + k 2p
c/ sin u = - sin v sin u = sin(- v)
p

d/ sin u = cos v sin u = sin - v

2

p
e/ sin u = - cos v sin u = sin v -

2
Cc trng hp c bit:
sin x = 0 x = kp (k Z )
sin x = 1 x =

p
+ k 2p (k Z )
2

sin x = - 1 x = -

sin x = 1 sin 2 x = 1 cos2 x = 0 cos x = 0 x =

p
+ k 2p (k Z )
2

p
+ kp (k Z )
2

2. Phng trnh cosx = cosa

a/ cos x = cos a x = a + k 2p (k Z )
b/

cos x = a. ieu kien : - 1 a 1.

cos x = a x = arccos a + k 2p (k Z )

c/ cos u = - cos v cos u = cos(p - v)

p

d/ cos u = sin v cos u = cos - v

2

e/ cos u = - sin v cos u = cos + v

2

Cc trng hp c bit:
p
cos x = 0 x = + kp (k Z )
2
cos x = 1 x = k 2p (k Z )

cos x = - 1 x = p + k 2p (k Z )

cos x = 1 cos2 x = 1 sin 2 x = 0 sin x = 0 x = kp (k Z )

Trang 13

i s 11

Trn S Tng

3. Phng trnh tanx = tana

a/ tan x = tan a x = a + kp (k Z )
b/ tan x = a x = arctan a + kp (k Z )
c/ tan u = - tan v tan u = tan(- v)
p

d/ tan u = cot v tan u = tan - v

2

e/ tan u = - cot v tan u = tan + v

2

Cc trng hp c bit:
tan x = 0 x = kp (k Z )

tan x = 1 x =

4. Phng trnh cotx = cota

cot x = cot a x = a + kp (k Z )
cot x = a x = arccot a + kp (k Z )
Cc trng hp c bit:
p
cot x = 0 x = + kp (k Z )
2

cot x = 1 x =

p
+ kp (k Z )
4

p
+ kp (k Z )
4

5. Mt s iu cn ch :
a/ Khi gii phng trnh c cha cc hm s tang, cotang, c mu s hoc cha cn bc
chn, th nht thit phi t iu kin phng trnh xc nh.
p
* Phng trnh cha tanx th iu kin: x + kp (k Z ).
2
* Phng trnh cha cotx th iu kin: x kp (k Z )
*

Phng trnh cha c tanx v cotx th iu kin x k

Phng trnh c mu s:

sin x 0 x kp (k Z )

p
(k Z )
2

p
+ kp (k Z )
2
p

tan x 0 x k (k Z )
2
p

cot x 0 x k
(k Z )
2
b/ Khi tm c nghim phi kim tra iu kin. Ta thng dng mt trong cc cch sau
kim tra iu kin:
1. Kim tra trc tip bng cch thay gi tr ca x vo biu thc iu kin.
2. Dng ng trn lng gic.
3. Gii cc phng trnh v nh.

cos x 0 x

Trang 14

Trn S Tng

i s 11

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh:

p
1) cos 2 x + = 0
6

p
4) sin 3 x + = 0
3

7) sin ( 3 x + 1) =

1
2

p
2) cos 4 x - = 1
3

x p
5) sin - = 1
2 4

8) cos x - 150 =

3) cos - x = -1
5

6) sin + 2 x = -1
6

2
2

x p
3
9) sin - = 2
2 3

1
10) cos - 2 x = 11) tan ( 2 x - 1) = 3
2
6

p
p
13) tan 3 x + = -1 14) cot 2 x - = 1
6
3

Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh:

12) cot 3 x + 10 0 =

3
3

15) cos(2x + 250) = -

1) sin ( 3 x + 1) = sin ( x - 2 )

p
p
2) cos x - = cos 2 x +
3
6

3) cos3 x = sin 2 x

4) sin x - 120 0 + cos 2 x = 0

p
p
5) cos 2 x + + cos x - = 0
3
3

p
p
7) tan 3 x - = tan x +
4
6

p x
6) sin 3 x + sin - = 0
4 2

p
p
8) cot 2 x - = cot x +
4
3

11) sin x 2 - 2 x = 0

(
12) tan ( x

13) cot 2 x = 1

14) sin 2 x =

9) tan ( 2 x + 1) + cot x = 0

15) cos x =

2
2

10) cos x 2 + x = 0

+ 2 x + 3 = tan 2

1
2

p
16) sin 2 x - = cos2 x
4

1
2

II. PHNG TRNH BC HAI I VI MT HM S LNG GIC

Dng

asin2 x + b sin x + c = 0

t = sinx

iu kin
-1 t 1

a cos2 x + b cos x + c = 0

t = cosx

-1 t 1

a tan 2 x + b tan x + c = 0

t = tanx

a cot 2 x + b cot x + c = 0

t = cotx

p
+ kp (k Z )
2
x kp (k Z )

Nu t: t = sin 2 x hoac t = sin x th ieu kien : 0 t 1.

Trang 15

i s 11

Trn S Tng

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 2sin2x + 5cosx + 1 = 0

2) 4sin2 x 4cosx 1 = 0

4) tan 2 x + (1 - 3 ) tan x - 3 = 0

3) 4cos5x.sinx 4sin5x.cosx = sin24x

5) 4 sin 2 x - 2 ( 3 + 1) sin x + 3 = 0
7) tan2x + cot2x = 2
Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

6) 4 cos3 x + 3 2 sin 2 x = 8cos x

8) cot22x 4cot2x + 3 = 0

1) 4sin23x + 2 ( 3 + 1) cos3 x - 3 = 4

2) cos2x + 9cosx + 5 = 0
1
3) 4cos2(2 6x) + 16cos2(1 3x) = 13
4)
- ( 3 + 3 ) tan x - 3 + 3 = 0
cos2 x
3
4
5)
+ tan2x = 9
6) 9 13cosx +
=0
cos x
1 + tan 2 x
1
1
7)
= cotx + 3
8)
+ 3cot2x = 5
2
2
sin x
cos x
x
4
9) cos2x 3cosx = 4 cos2
10) 2cos2x + tanx =
2
5

sin 3 x + cos3 x 3 + cos 2 x

. Tm cc nghim ca phng
Bai 3. Cho phng trnh sin x +
=
1 + 2 sin 2 x
5

trnh thuc ( 0 ; 2p ) .
Bai 4. Cho phng trnh : cos5x.cosx = cos4x.cos2x + 3cos2x + 1. Tm cc nghim ca
phng trnh thuc ( -p ; p ) .

Bai 5. Gii phng trnh : sin 4 x + sin 4 x +

p
p 5
4
+ sin x - = .
4

4 4

III. PHNG TRNH BC NHT THEO SINX V COSX

DNG: a sinx + b cosx = c (1)
Cch 1:

(1)

a 2 + b2 ta c:

Chia hai v phng trnh cho

t: sin a =

a
2

a +b

a
a 2 + b2

, cos a =

phng trnh tr thnh:

sin x +

a2 + b2

b
2

a +b

sin a .sin x + cos a .cos x =

c
a 2 + b2

c
a2 + b2
= cos b (2)

iu kin phng trnh c nghim l:

c
a 2 + b2

a2 + b2

(a 0, 2p )

cos( x - a ) =

cos x =

(2) x = a b + k 2p

1 a 2 + b2 c 2 .

(k Z )
Trang 16

Trn S Tng

i s 11

Cch 2:
x p
= + kp c l nghim hay khng?
2 2
x
b/ Xt x p + k 2p cos 0.
2
a/ Xt x = p + k 2p

x
2t
1 - t2
t: t = tan , thay sin x =
, cos x =
, ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t:
2
1 + t2
1 + t2
(b + c)t 2 - 2at + c - b = 0 (3)
V x p + k 2p b + c 0, nn (3) c nghim khi:

D ' = a 2 - (c 2 - b 2 ) 0 a 2 + b 2 c 2 .
Gii (3), vi mi nghim t0, ta c phng trnh: tan

x
= t0 .
2

Ghi ch:
1/ Cch 2 thng dng gii v bin lun.
2/ Cho d cch 1 hay cch 2 th iu kin phng trnh c nghim: a2 + b2 c 2 .
3/ Bt ng thc B.C.S:
y = a.sin x + b.cos x

a2 + b2 . sin 2 x + cos2 x = a 2 + b2

min y = - a2 + b2 va max y =

a2 + b2

sin x cos x
a
=
tan x =
a
b
b

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) cos x + 3 sin x = 2
4) sin x + cos x = 2 sin 5 x
p

6) 3 sin 2 x + sin + 2 x = 1
2

Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 2 sin 2 x + 3 sin 2 x = 3
3) 8 cos x =

3
1
+
sin x cos x

2) sin x + cos x =
5)

6
2

3)

3 cos3 x + sin 3 x = 2

3 - 1) sin x - ( 3 + 1) cos x + 3 - 1 = 0

2) sin 8 x - cos 6 x = 3 ( sin 6 x + cos8 x )

4) cosx

3 sin x = 2 cos - x
3

5) sin5x + cos5x = 2 cos13x

Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

6) (3cosx 4sinx 6)2 + 2 = 3(3cosx 4sinx 6)

1) 3sinx 2cosx = 2
3) cosx + 4sinx = 1
Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

2) 3 cosx + 4sinx
4) 2sinx 5cosx = 5

3 =0

p
p 3 2
p
1) 2sin x + + sin x - =
2) 3 cos 2 x + sin 2 x + 2 sin 2 x - = 2 2

4
2

6
Bai 5. Tm m phng trnh : (m + 2)sinx + mcosx = 2 c nghim .
Bai 6. Tm m phng trnh : (2m 1)sinx + (m 1)cosx = m 3 v nghim.

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Trn S Tng
IV. PHNG TRNH NG CP BC HAI
DNG: a sin2x + b sinx.cosx + c cos2x = d (1)

Cch 1:
Kim tra cosx = 0 c tho mn (1) hay khng?
Lu : cosx = 0 x =

p
+ kp sin 2 x = 1 sin x = 1.
2

Khi cos x 0 , chia hai v phng trnh (1) cho cos2 x 0 ta c:

a.tan 2 x + b. tan x + c = d (1 + tan 2 x )

t: t = tanx, a v phng trnh bc hai theo t:

(a - d )t 2 + b.t + c - d = 0
Cch 2: Dng cng thc h bc
1 - cos 2 x
sin 2 x
1 + cos 2 x
(1) a.
+ b.
+ c.
= d
2
2
2
b.sin 2 x + (c - a).cos 2 x = 2 d - a - c (y l phng trnh bc nht i vi sin2x v
cos2x)
Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 2 sin 2 x + (1 - 3 ) sin x.cos x + (1 - 3 ) cos2 x = 1

2) 3sin 2 x + 8sin x .cos x + ( 8 3 - 9 ) cos2 x = 0

3) 4 sin 2 x + 3 3 sin x .cos x - 2 cos2 x = 4

1
4) sin 2 x + sin 2 x - 2 cos2 x =
2

5) 2 sin 2 x ( 3 + 3 ) sin x.cos x + ( 3 - 1) cos2 x = -1

6) 5sin 2 x + 2 3 sin x.cos x + 3cos2 x = 2

7) 3sin2 x + 8sin x .cos x + 4 cos2 x = 0

(
9) (

8)

2 - 1 ) sin 2 x + sin 2 x + ( 2 + 1) cos2 x = 2

3 + 1) sin 2 x - 2 3 sin x.cos x + ( 3 - 1) cos2 x = 0

10) 3 cos 4 x - 4sin 2 x cos2 x + sin 4 x = 0

11) cos2x + 3sin2x + 2 3 sinx.cosx 1 = 0
12) 2cos2x 3sinx.cosx + sin2x = 0
Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1) sin 3 x + 2sin x.cos 2 x 3cos 3 x = 0

2)

3 sin x .cos x - sin 2 x =

2 -1
2

3) sin3 x - 5sin 2 x.cos x - 3sin x .cos2 x + 3cos3 x = 0

Bai 3. Tm m phng trnh : m + 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x + 2 cos2 x = 1 c nghim.

2

Bai 4. Tm m phng trnh : (3m 2)sin x (5m 2)sin2x + 3(2m + 1)cos x = 0 v

nghim .

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Trn S Tng

i s 11
V. PHNG TRNH I XNG

Dng 1: a.(sinx cosx) + b.sinx.cosx + c = 0

p
t: t = cos x sin x = 2. cos x m ; t 2.

1
t 2 = 1 2sin x. cos x sin x. cos x = (t 2 - 1).
2
Thay vo phng trnh cho, ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t. Gii phng trnh ny

tm t tha t 2. Suy ra x.
Lu du:

p
p
cos x + sin x = 2 cos x - = 2 sin x +

p
p
cos x - sin x = 2 cos x + = - 2 sin x -

Dng 2: a.|sinx cosx| + b.sinx.cosx + c = 0

p
t: t = cos x sin x = 2. cos x m ; k : 0 t 2.

4
1
sin x .cos x = (t 2 - 1).
2
Tng t dng trn. Khi tm x cn lu phng trnh cha du gi tr tuyt i.

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh:

1) 2 sin 2 x - 3 3 ( sin x + cos x ) + 8 = 0

3) 3 ( sin x + cos x ) + 2 sin 2 x = -3
5) sinx + cosx 4sinx.cosx 1 = 0

2) 2 ( sin x + cos x ) + 3sin 2 x = 2

4) (1 - 2 ) (1 + sin x + cos x ) = sin 2 x

6) (1 + 2 ) ( sin x + cos x ) - sin 2 x = 1 + 2

Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh:

1) sin 2 x - 4 ( cos x - sin x ) = 4

2) 5sin2x 12(sinx cosx) + 12 = 0

3) (1 - 2 ) (1 + sin x - cos x ) = sin 2 x

4) cosx sinx + 3sin2x 1 = 0

5) sin2x +

p
2 sin x - = 1

6) ( sin x - cos x ) - ( 2 + 1) (sin x - cos x ) + 2 = 0

2

Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh:

1) sin3x + cos3x = 1 +

2 - 2 ) sinx.cosx 2) 2sin2x 3 6 sin x + cos x + 8 = 0

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i s 11

Trn S Tng
VI. PHNG TRNH DNG KHC

Bai 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

3
2

1) sin2x = sin23x

2) sin2 x + sin22x + sin23x =

3) cos2x + cos22x + cos23x = 1

4) cos2x + cos22x + cos23x + cos24x = 2

Bai 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) sin6x + cos6x =

1
4

2) sin8 x + cos8x =

3) cos4x + 2sin6x = cos2x

1
8

4) sin4 x + cos4x cos2x +

1
4 sin 2 2x

1=0

Bai 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 1 + 2sinx.cosx = sinx + 2cosx

2) sinx(sinx cosx) 1 = 0

3) sin3x + cos3x = cos2x

4) sin2x = 1 +

5) sinx(1 + cosx) = 1 + cosx + cos2x

6) (2sinx 1)(2cos2x + 2sinx + 1) = 3 4cos2x

2 cosx + cos2x

7) (sinx sin2x)(sinx + sin2x) = sin23x

8) sinx + sin2x + sin3x =

2 (cosx + cos2x + cos3x)

Bai 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) 2cosx.cos2x = 1 + cos2x + cos3x

2) 2sinx.cos2x + 1 + 2cos2x + sinx = 0

3) 3cosx + cos2x cos3x + 1 = 2sinx.sin2x

4) cos5x.cosx = cos4x.cos2x + 3cos2x + 1
Bai 5. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) sinx + sin3x + sin5x = 0

2) cos7x + sin8x = cos3x sin2x

3) cos2x cos8x + cos6x = 1

4) sin7x + cos22x = sin22x + sinx

Bai 6. Gii cc phng trnh sau:

1) sin3x + cos3x +

p
sin 2 x .sin x + = cosx + sin3x

4
2

2) 1 + sin2x + 2cos3x(sinx + cosx) = 2sinx + 2cos3x + cos2x

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i s 11

CHNG II
T HP XC SUT

A. T HP
I. Qui tc m
1. Qui tc cng:
Mt cng vic no c th c thc hin theo mt trong hai phng n A hoc B. Nu
phng n A c m cch thc hin, phng n B c n cch thc hin v khng trng vi bt
k cch no trong phng n A th cng vic c m + n cch thc hin.
2. Qui tc nhn:
Mt cng vic no c th bao gm hai cng on A v B. Nu cng on A c m cch
thc hin v ng vi mi cch c n cch thc hin cng on B th cng vic c m.n
cch thc hin.
Bai 1: T thnh ph A n thnh ph B c 3 con ng, t thnh ph A n thnh ph C c 2
con ng, t thnh ph B n thnh ph D c 2 con ng, t thnh ph C n thnh ph
D c 3 con ng. Khng c con ng no ni thnh ph B vi thnh ph C. Hi c tt c
bao nhiu ng i t thnh ph A n thnh ph D?
S:
c 12 ng.
Bai 2: Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin tho:
a) gm 6 ch s.
b) gm 6 ch s khc nhau.
c) gm 6 ch s khc nhau v chia ht cho 2.
S:
a) 66
b) 6!
c) 3.5! = 360
Bai 3: C 25 i bng tham gia tranh cp. C 2 i phi u vi nhau 2 trn (i v v). Hi
c bao nhiu trn u?
S:
c 25.24 = 600 trn
Bai 4: C bao nhiu s palindrom gm 5 ch s (s palindrom l s m nu ta vit cc ch s
theo th t ngc li th gi tr ca n khng thay i).
S: S cn tm c dng: abcba c 9.10.10 = 900 (s)
Bai 5: a/ Mt b hoa gm c: 5 bng hng trng, 6 bng hng v 7 bng hng vng. Hi c
my cch chn ly 1 bng hoa?
b/ T cc ch s 1, 2, 3 c th lp c bao nhiu s khc nhau c nhng ch s khc nhau?
S: a/ 18.
b/ 15.
Bai 6: a/ T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s?
b/ T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn c 3 ch s?
c/ C bao nhiu s t nhin c hai ch s m c hai ch s u l s chn?
d/ C bao nhiu s t nhin c 5 ch s, trong cc ch s cch u ch s ng gia th
ging nhau?
e/ C bao nhiu s t nhin c 6 ch s v chia ht cho 5?
S: a/ 3125.
b/ 168.
c/ 20
d/ 900.
e/ 180000.
Bai 7: Mt i vn ngh chun b c 2 v kch, 3 iu ma v 6 bi ht. Ti hi din, mi i
ch c trnh din 1 v kch, 1 iu ma v 1 bi ht. Hi i vn ngh trn c bao nhiu
Trang 21

i s 11

Trn S Tng

cch chn chng trnh biu din, bit rng cht lng cc v kch, iu ma, cc bi ht l
nh nhau?
S: 36.
Bai 8: Mt ngi c 7 ci o trong c 3 o trng v 5 ci c vt trong c hai c vt mu
vng. Hi ngi c bao nhiu cch chn o c vt nu:
a/ Chn o no cng c v c vt no cng c?
b/ chn o trng th khng chn c vt mu vng?
S: a/ 35. b/ 29.
Bai 9: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. C bao nhiu cp sp th t (x, y) bit rng:
a/ x A, y A b/ {x , y} A
c/ x A, y A va x + y = 6 .
S:
a/ 25.
b/ 20.
c/ 5 cp.
Bai 10: Cho tp hp A = {1, 2, 3, , n} trong n l s nguyn dng ln hn 1. C bao
nhiu cp sp th t (x, y), bit rng: x A, y A, x > y .
n(n - 1)
.
2
Bai 11: Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a/ Gm 2 ch s?
b/ Gm 2 ch s khc nhau?
c/ S l gm 2 ch s?
d/ S chn gm 2 ch s khc nhau?
e/ Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li?
f/ Gm 5 ch s vit khng lp li chia ht cho 5?
c/ 15
d/ 8.
e/ 120.
f/ 24.
S: a/ 25. b/ 20.
Bai 12: T 6 s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s:
a/ Khc nhau?
b/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s ln hn 300?
c/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5?
d/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s chn?
e/ Khc nhau, trong c bao nhiu s l?
c/ 36
d/ 52.
e/ 48.
S: a/ 100. b/ 60.
Bai 13: a/ T cc s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s l c 3 ch s khc nhau
nh hn 400?
b/ T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 3 ch s khc nhau nm trong
khong (300 , 500).
S: a/ 35. b/ 24.
Bai 14: Mt trng ph thng c 12 hc sinh chuyn tin v 18 hc sinh chuyn ton. Thnh lp
mt n gm hai ngi sao cho c mt hc sinh chuyn ton v mt hc sinh chuyn tin.
Hi c bao nhiu cch lp mt n nh trn?
Bai 15: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 3 ngi n ng v 2 ngi n b ngi trn mt chic gh
di sao cho 2 ngi cng phi phi ngi gn nhau.
Bai 16: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 8 vin bi v 8 vin bi en xp thnh mt dy sao cho hai
vin bi cng mu khng c gn nhau.
S:

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i s 11

II. Hon v
1. Giai tha:
n! = 1.2.3n
Qui c: 0! = 1
n! = (n1)!n
n!
= (p+1).(p+2)n
(vi n>p)
p!
n!
= (np+1).(np+2)n (vi n>p)
(n - p)!
2. Hon v (khng lp):
Mt tp hp gm n phn t (n 1). Mi cch sp xp n phn t ny theo mt th t no
c gi l mt hon v ca n phn t.
S cc hon v ca n phn t l: Pn = n!
3. Hon v lp:
Cho k phn t khc nhau: a1, a2, , ak. Mt cch sp xp n phn t trong gm n1 phn t
a1, n2 phn t a2, , nk phn t ak (n1+n2+ + nk = n) theo mt th t no c gi l
mt hon v lp cp n v kiu (n1, n2, , nk) ca k phn t.
S cc hon v lp cp n, kiu (n1, n2, , nk) ca k phn t l:
n!
Pn(n1, n2, , nk) =
n1 ! n2 !...nk !
4. Hon v vng quanh:
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mt cch sp xp n phn t ca tp A thnh mt dy kn c gi
l mt hon v vng quanh ca n phn t.
S cc hon v vng quanh ca n phn t l: Qn = (n 1)!
Bai 1: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:

6!
1
(m + 1)!
m.(m - 1)!
A=
.
.
(m - 2)(m - 3) (m + 1)(m - 4) (m - 5)!5! 12.(m - 4)!3!
B=

7!4! 8!
9!

10! 3!5! 2!7!

S:

A = 4(m1)m;

Bai 2: Chng minh rng:

a) Pn Pn1 = (n1)Pn1

(vi m 5)

5!
(m + 1)!
.
m(m + 1) (m - 1)!3!
2
B= ;
C = 20
3
C=

b) Pn = (n - 1)Pn -1 + (n - 2)Pn-2 + ... + 2 P2 + P1 + 1

1 1 1
1
n2
1
1
+ + + ... + < 3
d)
=
+
1! 2! 3!
n!
n! (n - 1)! (n - 2)!
x !- ( x - 1)! 1
Bai 3: Gii phng trnh:
=
( x + 1)!
6
S:
x = 2; x = 3

1 5
(n + 1)!
n.(n - 1)!
Bai 4: Gii bt phng trnh:
.

5
n - 2 n + 1 (n - 3)!4! 12(n - 3).(n - 4)!2!
c) 1 +

(n - 1)n
5
n = 4, n = 5, n = 6
6
Bai 5: Gii cc phng trnh:
P - Px -1 1
a) P2.x2 P3.x = 8
b) x
=
Px +1
6
S:

(1)

Trang 23

(1)

i s 11

Trn S Tng

S:
a) x = 1; x = 4
b) x = 2; x = 3
Bai 6: Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau lp t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hi trong cc
s c bao nhiu s:
a) Bt u bng ch s 5?
b) Khng bt u bng ch s 1?
c) Bt u bng 23?
d) Khng bt u bng 345?
S:
a) 4!
b) 5! 4!
c) 3!
d) 5! 2!
Bai 7: Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Hi trong cc
s c bao nhiu s:
a/ Bt u bi ch s 9?
b/ Khng bt u bi ch s 1?
c/ Bt u bi 19?
d/ Khng bt u bi 135?
S:
a/ 24.
b/ 96.
c/ 6
d/ 118.
Bai 8: Vi mi hon v ca cc s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ta c mt s t nhin. Tm tng tt c cc
s t nhin c c t cc hon v ca 7 phn t trn?
S: Vi mi i, j {1,2,3, 4,5,6,7} , s cc s m ch s j hng th i l 6!.
Tng tt c cc s l: (6!1++6!7) + (6!1++6!7).10 ++ (6!1++6!7).106
= 6! (1+2++7).(1+10++106)
Bai 9: Tm tng S ca tt c cc s t nhin, mi s c to thnh bi hon v ca 6 ch s 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
S: 279999720.
Bai 10: Trn mt k sch c 5 quyn sch Ton, 4 quyn sch L, 3 quyn sch Vn. Cc quyn
sch u khc nhau. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc quyn sch trn:
a) Mt cch tu ?
b) Theo tng mn?
c) Theo tng mn v sch Ton nm gia?
S:
a) P12
b) 3!(5!4!3!)
c) 2!(5!4!3!)
Bai 11: C 5 hc sinh nam l A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 v 3 hc sinh n B1, B2, B3 c xp ngi
xung quanh mt bn trn. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a) Mt cch tu ?
b) A1 khng ngi cnh B1?
c) Cc hc sinh n khng ngi cnh nhau?
S:
a) Q8 = 7!
b) Q7 = 6!
c) C 4!5.4.3 cch sp xp
Bai 12: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch
s 1 c mt 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng mt ln?
8! 7
S:
3! 3!
Bai 13: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau v khc 0 bit rng tng ca 3 ch s
ny bng 9.
S: 18.
Bai 14: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 thit lp tt c cc s c 6 ch s khc nhau. Hi trong cc
s thit lp c, c bao nhiu s m hai ch s 1 v 6 khng ng cnh nhau?
S: 480.
Bai 15: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 5 bn hc sinh A, B, C, D, E ngi vo mt chic gh di sao
cho:
a/ Bn C ngi chnh gia?
b/ Hai bn A v E ngi hai u gh?
S: a/ 24.
b/ 12.
Bai 16: Mt hi ngh bn trn c phi n ca cc nc: M 5 ngi, Nga 5 ngi, Anh 4
ngi, Php 6 ngi, c 4 ngi. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cho mi thnh vin sao
cho ngi cng quc tch ngi gn nhau?
S: 143327232000.
Bai 17: Sp xp 10 ngi vo mt dy gh. C bao nhiu cch sp xp ch ngi nu:
a/ C 5 ngi trong nhm mun ngi k nhau?
Trang 24

Trn S Tng

i s 11

b/ C 2 ngi trong nhm khng mun ngi k nhau?

S: a/ 86400.
b/ 2903040.
Bai 18: Sp xp 6 nam sinh v 4 n sinh vo mt dy gh. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp ch
ngi nu:
a/ Nam sinh ngi k nhau, n sinh ngi k nhau?
b/ Ch c n ngi k nhau?
S: a/ 34560.
b/ 120960.
Bai 19: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 12 hc sinh ng thnh 1 hng chp nh lu nim, bit
rng trong phi c 5 em nh trc ng k nhau?
S: 4838400.
Bai 20: C 2 kim tra ton chn i hc sinh gii c pht cho 10 hc sinh khi 11 v
10 hc sinh khi 12. C bao nhiu cch sp xp 20 hc sinh trn vo 1 phng thi c 5 dy
gh sao cho hai em ngi cnh nhau c khc nhau, cn cc em ngi ni ui nhau c cng
mt ?
S: 26336378880000.
Bai 21: C 3 vin bi en (khc nhau), 4 vin bi (khc nhau), 5 vin bi vng (khc nhau), 6
vin bi xanh (khc nhau). Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cc vin bi trn thnh mt dy sao
cho cc vin bi cng mu cnh nhau?
S: 298598400.
Bai 22: Trn gi sch c 30 tp sch. C th sp xp theo bao nhiu cch khc nhau c:
a/ Tp 1 v tp 2 ng cnh nhau?
b/ Tp 5 v tp 6 khng ng cnh nhau?
S: a/ 2.29!.
b/ 28.29!.
Bai 23: Vi 5 ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch s 1
c mt ng 3 ln, ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln v mi ch s cn li c mt ng mt ln?
S: 3360.
Bai 24: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 8 ch s, trong ch
s 1 c mt 3 ln, mi ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln.
S: 5880.
Bai 25: Xt nhng s gm 9 ch s, trong c 5 ch s 1 v 4 ch s cn li l 2, 3, 4, 5. Hi
c bao nhiu s nh th nu:
a/ 5 ch s 1 c xp k nhau?
b/ Cc ch s c xp tu ?
b/ 3024.
S: a/ 120.

Trang 25

i s 11

Trn S Tng

III. Chnh hp
1. Chnh hp (khng lp):
Cho tp hp A gm n phn t. Mi cch sp xp k phn t ca A (1 k n) theo mt th t
no c gi l mt chnh hp chp k ca n phn t ca tp A.
S chnh hp chp k ca n phn t:
n!
Ank = n(n - 1)(n - 2)...(n - k + 1) =
(n - k )!
Cng thc trn cng ng cho trng hp k = 0 hoc k = n.

Khi k = n th Ann = Pn = n!
2. Chnh hp lp:
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mt dy gm k phn t ca A, trong mi phn t c th c
lp li nhiu ln, c sp xp theo mt th t nht nh c gi l mt chnh hp lp
chp k ca n phn t ca tp A.
S chnh hp lp chp k ca n phn t: Ank = n k
Bai 1: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
5
A52 A10
A=
+
P2 7 P5

C=

12
11
A49
+ A49

B = P1 A21 + P2 A32 + P3 A43 + P4 A54 - P1P2 P3 P4

-

10
9
A17
+ A17

P
P
P
P
D = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 A52
A 4 A3 A2 A1
5
5
5
5
C = 1440;
D = 42

10
8
A49
A17
S: A = 46;
B = 2750;
Bai 2: Chng minh rng:
n -1
1
1
1
a/
+
+ ... +
=
, vi n N , n 2.
n
A2 A 2
A2

b/

2
Ank

n
3
k
k -1
An-1 + k . An -1

c/ Ann++k2 + Ann++1k = k 2 . Ann+k

Bai 3: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

a) An3 = 20n
b) An3 + 5 An2 = 2(n + 15)
c) 3 An2 - A22n + 42 = 0.
S:
a) n = 6
b) n = 3
c) n = 6
Bai 4: Tm n N sao cho:
Pn +2
a)
= 210
b) 2( An3 + 3 An2 ) = Pn+1
c) 2 Pn + 6 An2 - Pn An2 = 12
n-4
An-1 .P3
S:
a) n = 5
b) n = 4
c) n = 2; 3
Bai 5: Gii cc phng trnh:
9
8
a/ A10
x + Ax = 9 Ax .

c/

2 Ax2

+ 50 =

S: a/ x = 11.

A22x
b/ x = 3; 4.

Bai 6: Gii cc bt phng trnh:

An4+ 4
15
a)
<
(n + 2)! (n - 1)!

b/ Px . Ax2 + 72 = 6( Ax2 + 2 Px )
d/

Axy++11.Px - y

Px -1
c/ x = 5.

b)

= 72.
d/ x = 8, y 7, y N .

An4+2 143
<0
Pn+2 4 Pn-1
Trang 26

Trn S Tng
S:

i s 11
b) 2 n 36

a) n = 3; 4; 5

Bai 7: Tm cc s m trong dy s x1 , x2 , x3 ,... , xn vi: xn =

An4+4 143
(n = 1, 2, 3, ...)
Pn+2 4.Pn

63
23
; n2 = 2, x2 = - .
4
8
Bai 8: Mt cuc khiu v c 10 nam v 6 n. Ngi ta chn c th t 3 nam v 3 n ghp
thnh 3 cp. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn?
S: n1 = 1, x1 = -

S:

3
.A63 cch
C A10

Bai 9: Trong khng gian cho 4 im A, B, C, D. T cc im trn ta lp cc vect khc vect

khng. Hi c th c c bao nhiu vect?
S: A42 = 12 vect
Bai 10: Mt lp hc ch c cc bn i (2 ch ngi). Hi lp ny c bao nhiu hc sinh, bit
rng ch c th sp xp ch ngi cho hc sinh ca lp ny theo 132 s khc nhau? (S
ch ngi va s hc sinh)
S:

An2 = 132 n = 12

Bai 11: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9, c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s:

a) Cc ch s khc nhau?
b) Hai ch s k nhau phi khc nhau?
S:

a) 9.A94

b) C 95 s

Bai 12: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu:

a) S gm 5 ch s khc nhau?
b) S chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau?
c) S gm 5 ch s khc nhau v phi c mt ch s 5?
S:

a) 6. A64

b) 6. A53 + 3.5 A53

c) S gm 5 ch s c dng: abcde

Nu a = 5 th c A64 s
Nu a 5 th a c 5 cch chn. S 5 c th t vo 1 trong cc v tr b, c, d, e c 4
cch chn v tr cho s 5. 3 v tr cn li c th chn t 5 ch s cn li c A53 cch chn.

C A64 + 4.5. A53 = 1560 s

Bai 13: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9 c th lp bao nhiu bin s xe gm 3 ch s (tr s 000)?
S:

3
A10
- 1 = 999

Bai 14: C bao nhiu s t nhin c 6 ch s vi:

a) Ch s u v ch s cui ging nhau?
b) Ch s u v cui khc nhau?
c) Hai ch s u ging nhau v hai ch s cui ging nhau?
S:

4
a) 9. A10
= 9.104 s

6
5
b) C tt c: A10
- A10
= 9.105 s gm 6 ch s C 9.105 9.104 s
c) C 9.10.10.10 = 9000 s
Bai 15: C bao nhiu s in thoi c 6 ch s? Trong c bao nhiu s in thoi c 6 ch
s khc nhau?

S:

6
a) A10
= 106

6
b) A10
= 15120

Trang 27

i s 11

Trn S Tng

Bai 16: Mt bin s xe gm 2 ch ci ng trc v 4 ch s ng sau. Cc ch ci c ly t

26 ch ci A, B, C, , Z. Cc ch s c ly t 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, , 9. Hi:
a) C bao nhiu bin s xe trong c t nht mt ch ci khc ch ci O v cc ch s i
mt khc nhau?
b) C bao nhiu bin s xe c hai ch ci khc nhau v c ng 2 ch s l ging nhau?
S:
a) S cch chn 2 ch ci: 26 26 1 = 675 cch
S cch chn 4 ch s:

4
A10
= 5040 cch

S bin s xe: 675 5040 = 3.402.000 s

b) Ch ci th nht: c 26 cch chn
Ch ci th hai: c 25 cch chn
Cc cp s l ging nhau c th l: (1;1), (3;3), (5;5), (7;7), (9;9)
C 5 cch chn 1 cp s l.
Xp mt cp s l vo 4 v tr c C42 cch

C 5. C42 cch sp xp cp s l.
Cn li 2 v tr l cc ch s chn:
Ch s chn th nht: c 5 cch chn
Ch s chn th hai: c 5 cch chn
C 26 25 5 C42 5 5 = 487500 cch
Bai 17: a) C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s khc nhau m tng cc ch s bng 18?
b) Hi c bao nhiu s l tho mn iu kin ?
S:
Ch : 18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 8
18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7
18 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 6
b) 192 + 384 + 192 = 768 s
a) 3 5 5!
Bai 18: T 20 hc sinh cn chn ra mt ban i din lp gm 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph v 1 th
k. Hi c my cch chn?
S: 6840.
Bai 19: Hun luyn vin mt i bng mun chn 5 cu th qu lun lu 11 mt. C bao
nhiu cch chn nu:
a/ C 11 cu th c kh nng nh nhau? (k c th mn).
b/ C 3 cu th b chn thng v nht thit phi b tr cu th A qu s 1 v cu th B
qu s 4.
S: a/ 55440.
b/ 120.
Bai 20: Mt ngi mun xp t mt s pho tng vo mt dy 6 ch trng trn mt k trang
tr. C bao nhiu cch sp xp nu:
a/ Ngi c 6 pho tng khc nhau?
b/ Ngi c 4 pho tng khc nhau?
c/ Ngi c 8 pho tng khc nhau?
S: a/ 6!.
b/ 360.
c/ 20160.
Bai 21: Vi 6 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 5 ch s khc nhau v tho:
a/ S chn.
b/ Bt u bng s 24.
c/ Bt u bng s 345.
d/ Bt u bng s 1? T suy ra cc s khng bt u bng s 1?
S: a/ 312.
b/ 24.
c/ 6.
d/ 120 ; 480.
Bai 22: Cho tp hp X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. C th lp c bao nhiu s n gm 5 ch s
khc nhau i mt ly t X trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ n l s chn?
b/ Mt trong ba ch s u tin phi bng 1?
(HQG TP.HCM, 99, khi D, t 2)
S: a/ 3000.
b/ 2280.
Trang 28

Trn S Tng

i s 11

Bai 23: a/ T 5 ch s 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau v

chia ht cho 3.
b/ T 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s khc nhau sao cho
trong cc ch s c mt s 0 v s 1.
(HVCN Bu chnh Vin thng, 1999)
c/ T 8 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau
trong nht thit phi c mt ch s 4.
S: a/ 18.
b/ 42000.
c/ 13320.
Bai 24: a/ Tnh tng ca tt c cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau i mt c to thnh
t 6 ch s 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8.
b/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 4 ch s khc nhau c to thnh t 5 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
Tnh tng ca cc s ny.
S: a/ 37332960.
b/ 96 ; 259980.
Bai 25: a/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau v chia ht cho 10 (ch s hng
vn khc 0).
(H Nng, 2000, khi A, t 1)
b/ Cho 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9. C bao nhiu s l c 6 ch s khc nhau nh hn 600000
xy dng t 10 ch s cho.
(H Y khoa H Ni, 1997)
S: a/ 3024.
b/ 36960.

Trang 29

i s 11

Trn S Tng

IV. T hp
1. T hp (khng lp):
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mi tp con gm k (1 k n) phn t ca A c gi l mt t
hp chp k ca n phn t.
Cnk

S cc t hp chp k ca n phn t:

Ank

k!

n!
k !(n - k )!

Qui c: Cn0 = 1
Tnh cht:
Cn0 = Cnn = 1
Cnk = Cnn-k

Cnk = Cnk--11 + Cnk-1

n - k + 1 k -1
Cnk =
Cn
k

2. T hp lp:
Cho tp A = {a1; a2 ;...; an } v s t nhin k bt k. Mt t hp lp chp k ca n phn t l
mt hp gm k phn t, trong mi phn t l mt trong n phn t ca A.
Cnk = Cnk+ k -1 = Cnm+-k1-1

S t hp lp chp k ca n phn t:
3. Phn bit chnh hp v t hp:

Chnh hp v t hp lin h nhau bi cng thc:

Ank = k !Cnk

Chnh hp: c th t. T hp: khng c th t.

Nhng bi ton m kt qu ph thuc vo v tr cc phn t > chnh hp
Ngc li, l t hp.
Cch ly k phn t t tp n phn t (k n):
+ Khng th t, khng hon li:

Cnk

+ C th t, khng hon li:

Ank

+ C th t, c hon li:

Ank

Dng 1: Tnh gi tr biu thc t hp

23
13
7
Bai 1: Tnh: A = C25
- C15
- 3C10
;

S:
A = 165,
Bai 2: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
S = Cnn .C2nn .C3nn ;
Q=
S:

Cn1

+2

Cn2
C1n

S=

+ ... + k
(3n)!
(n !)3

B=

Cnk -1

5
6
6
1 + C10
+ C10
- C11

A32
P2

B=4
P=

Cnk

1 + C74 + C73 - C84

+ ... + n

Pn+ 2

Ank .Pn -k

8
9
10
C15
+ 2C15
+ C15
10
C17

Cnn

Cnn-1

P = (n+1)(n+2) + 1

Trang 30

Q=

n(n + 1)
2

Trn S Tng

i s 11
Dng 2: Chng minh ng thc t hp

Bai 1: Chng minh cc h thc sau:

n
b) Cnr = Cnr --11
r

a) Cnk .Cnp--kk = Cnp .C pk (k p n)

Bai 2: Chng minh cc h thc sau:
a) Cnm+1 + Cnm-1 + 2Cnm = Cnm++21
S: S dng tnh cht:

b) Cnk + 3Cnk -1 + 3Cnk -2 + Cnk -3 = Cnk+3 (3 k n)

Cnk -1 + Cnk = Cnk+1

Bai 3: Chng minh cc h thc sau:

a) Cnk + 4Cnk -1 + 6Cnk -2 + 4Cnk -3 + Cnk -4 = Cn+ 4 k
n + 1 p-1
C
p n
Bai 4: Chng minh cc h thc sau:

(4 k n)

b) Cnp+1 =

c) k (k - 1)Cnk = n(n - 1)Cnk--22 ( 2 < k < n)

a) Cr0 .Cqp + Cr1.Cqp-1 + ... + Crp .Cq0 = Crp+ q

b) (Cn0 )2 + (C1n )2 + ... + (Cnn )2 = C2nn

c) C20p + C22 p + C24p + ... + C22 pp = C21 p + C23 p + ... + C22 pp -1 = c 2 p-1
d) 1 - C1n + Cn2 - Cn3 + ... + (-1) p Cnp = (-1) p Cnp-1
S: a) S dng khai trin: (1+x)r.(1+x)q = (1+x)r+q. So snh h s ca xp 2 v.
b) S dng cu a) vi p = q = r = n
c) S dng (x+y)2p v (xy)2p
d) S dng Cnr = Cnr --11 + Cnr -1 , vi r l th nhn 2 v vi 1.

Dng 3 : Chng minh bt ng thc t hp

Bai 1: Chng minh rng:

1
2n

2
1

.C2nn <

1
2n + 1
(2n)!

( n N, n 1)

1.3.5...(2 n - 1)
2.4.6...(2 n)
2
2 .n! n !
1.3.5...(2n - 1)
1
Vy ta phi chng minh:
<
2.4.6...(2 n)
2n + 1
HD: Bin i v tri:

2n

.C2nn =

2n

2k - 1 ( 2 k - 1)2 ( 2 k - 1)2
2k - 1
=
<
=
2k
2k + 1
4k 2
4k 2 - 1
Cho k ln lt t 1, 2, , n. Ri nhn cc BT v theo v, ta c pcm.
Ta c:

Bai 2: Chng minh rng: C2nn +k .C2nn-k (C2nn )2

(vi k, n N, 0 k n)

HD: t uk = C2nn+ k .C2nn -k (k = 0;1;;n)

Ta chng minh: uk > uk+1 (*)
Tht vy, (*) C2nn +k .C2nn-k > C2nn+ k +1.C2nn-k -1 n + 2nk > 0
iu ny lun lun ng pcm.

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i s 11

Trn S Tng
Dng 4: Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc t hp
Cnk -1 < Cnk

Bai 1: a) Chng minh:

b) Chng minh: Cnk -1 < Cnk

vi n = 2m, k m. T suy ra Cnm l ln nht.

vi n = 2m + 1, k m.

T suy ra Cnm ; Cnm+1 l ln nht.

HD: a) Theo tnh cht:
Vi k m 2k n

Cnk =

Ck
n - k + 1 k -1
n +1
.Cn n =
-1
k
k
Cnk -1

n +1
- 1 > 1 Cnk > Cnk -1
k

V Cnk = Cnn-k nn Cnk ln nht.

b) Tng t
Bai 2: Cho n > 2, p [1; n]. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca Cnp .
HD: V Cnp = Cnn- p nn ta chi cn xt 1 p
Ta c: Cnp > Cnp-1
Vy

Cnp

Cnp -1

n
2

n +1
n - p +1
>1 p<
p
2

Cnp nh nht khi p = 1 hoc p = n 1, ng vi Cn1 = Cnn -1 = n

Cnp ln nht khi p =

n -1
n
(nu n l) hoc p = (nu n chn)
2
2

Bai 3: Vi gi tr no ca p th Cnp ln nht.

HD: Ta c:

Cmp

Cmp-1

m - p +1 m +1
=
- 1 . T s ny gim khi p tng.
p
p

m - p +1
m +1
1 , do : p
p
2
1
Nu m chn: m = 2k p k +
2
1
Cmp > Cmp-1 ta phi c: p k + , v p, k N nn chn p = k
2
Nu m l: m = 2k + 1 p k + 1, ta s c:

Cmp > Cmp-1

Cmp

= 1 khi p = k + 1 Cmp = C2kk++11 =

(2k + 1)!
(k + 1)! k !

Cmp -1
* p dng bi ton ny ta c th gii nhiu bi ton khc. V d:
C 25 hc sinh. Mun lp thnh nhng nhm gm p hc sinh. Tm gi tr ca p c s
cch chia nhm l ln nht? Tm s cch chia nhm .
p
* V c 25 hc sinh, chn p em nn s nhm c th lp l C25
.
p
Theo trn, ta c m = 25 (l) vi k = 12 do C25
ln nht khi p = k + 1 = 13.
13
Vy p = 13, khi : s nhm ti a c th lp: C25
= 5200300.

Trang 32

Trn S Tng

i s 11
Dng 5 : Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh c cha t hp

Bai 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau:

a)

An3+1

An4

- Cnn -4

24
23

b)

1
C4x

1
C5x

1
C6x

S: a) n = 5
b) x = 2
Bai 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
x+4
2 x -10
a) C10
+ x = C10+ x

c) C xx -1 + C xx -2 + C xx -3 + ... + C xx -10 = 1023

c) x = 10

b) x 2 - C4x . x + C32 .C31 = 0

c) Ax2-2 + Cxx -2 = 101

d) C8x++x3 = 5 Ax3+6
e) C1x + 6Cx2 + 6C x3 = 9 x 2 - 14
S: a) x = 14 b) x = 3
c) x = 10
d) x = 17
e) x = 7
Bai 3: Gii cc bt phng trnh:
Pn+ 5
Cnn--13
5
1
<
b)
a)
60 Ank++32
c) Cn4-1 - Cn3-1 - An2-2 < 0
4
4
(n - k )!
An +1 14 P3
S: a) k: n 3, n2 + n 42 > 0 n 6
k n
b)
(n + 5)(n + 4)(n - k + 1) 0
Xt vi n 4: bpt v nghim
Xt n {0,1,2,3} ta c cc nghim l: (0;0), (1;0), (1;1), (2;2), (3,3)
c) k: n 5, n2 9n 22 < 0 n = 6; 7; 8; 9; 10
Bai 4: Gii cc phng trnh v bt phng trnh:
a/

C xx+-12

d/

+ 2C x3-1

2x
C28

2 x -4
C24

= 7( x - 1)

225
52

b/

Ax3

+ Cxx -2

= 14 x

e/ Cn4-1 - Cn3-1 -

c/

a/ x = 5, y = 2.

= 336.

h/

x = 5
x = 8
S: a)
b)
y = 7
y = 3
Bai 6: Gii cc phng trnh v h bt phng trnh:
x x
1
Cy :Cy + 2 =
2 A y + 5C y = 90

x
3
a/ xy
b/
y
1
x
x
5
A
+
2
C
=
80
C : A =
x
x
y y 24
S:

C xx--25

C n -3
5 2
1
An-2 < 0. f/ n-1 <
.
4
4
14 P3
An +1

1 2
6
A2 x - Ax2 Cx3 + 10.
2
x
a/ x = 5.
b/ x = 5.
c/ x = 8.
S:
e/ 5 n 10, n N . f/ x 6, n N .
g/ x = 2.
Bai 5: Gii cc h phng trnh:
Ax
y-x
y
c)
a) P + Cy = 126 b) C xy+1 : C xy +1 : Cxy -1 = 6 : 5 : 2
x +1
P = 720
x +1
g/ 2C x2+1 + 3 Ax2 < 30.

Ax5

b/ x = 4, y = 8.

d/ x = 7.
h/ x = 3, x = 4.
C y - C y +1 = 0
x y x y -1
4Cx - 5Cx = 0

x = 17
c)
y = 8
3
1

c/ lg(3Cx ) - lg Cx 1
x - 3y 6

c/ 3 x 6; x, y Z + .

k
k +1
k +2
Bai 7: Tm s t nhin k sao cho C14
, C14
, C14
lp thnh mt cp s cng.
S: k = 4; 8.

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Trn S Tng
Dng 6: Tm s t hp trong cc bi ton s hc

Bai 1: Cho 10 cu hi, trong c 4 cu l thuyt v 6 bi tp. Ngi ta cu to thnh cc

thi. Bit rng trong mi thi phi gm 3 cu hi, trong nht thit phi c t nht 1 cu l
thuyt v 1 bi tp. Hi c th to ra bao nhiu thi?
S:

gm 2 cu l thuyt v 1 bi tp:

C42 .C61 = 36

gm 1 cu l thuyt v 2 bi tp:
C41 .C62 = 60
Vy c: 36 + 60 = 96 thi.
Bai 2: Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh, trong gm 25 nam v 15 n. Gio vin ch nhim mun
chn mt ban cn s lp gm 4 em. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn, nu:
a) Gm 4 hc sinh tu .
b) C 1 nam v 3 n.
c) C 2 nam v 2 n.
d) C t nht 1 nam.
e) C t nht 1 nam v 1 n.
4
S: a) C40

1
3
b) C25
.C15

2
2
c) C25
.C15

1
3
2
2
3
1
4
d) C25
.C15
+ C25
.C15
+ C25
.C15
+ C25

4
4
4
e) C40
- C25
- C15

Bai 3: Cho 5 im trong mt phng v khng c 3 im no thng hng. Hi c bao nhiu vect
to thnh t 5 im y? C bao nhiu on thng to thnh t 5 im y?
S: 20 ; 10.
Bai 4: C 5 tem th khc nhau v 6 b th cng khc nhau. Ngi ta mun chn t ra 3 tem
th, 3 b th v dn 3 tem th y ln 3 b th chn. Mt b th ch dn 1 tem th. Hi c
bao nhiu cch lm nh vy?
S: 1200.
Bai 5: Mt ti cha 6 vin bi trng v 5 vin bi xanh. Ly ra 4 vin bi t ti , c bao nhiu
cch ly c:
a/ 4 vin bi cng mu? b/ 2 vin bi trng, 2 vin bi xanh?
S: a/ 20.
b/ 150.
Bai 6: T 20 ngi, chn ra mt n i biu gm 1 trng n, 1 ph n, 1 th k v 3 y
vin. Hi c my cch chn?
S: 4651200.
Bai 7: T 5 bng hng vng, 3 bng hng trng v 4 bng hng (cc bng hoa xem nh i
mt khc nhau), ngi ta mun chn ra mt b ha gm 7 bng, hi c bao nhiu cch chn
b hoa trong :
a/ C ng 1 bng hng ?
b/ C t nht 3 bng hng vng v t nht 3 bng hng ?
S: a/ 112
b/ 150.
Bai 8: T 8 s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 10 ch s c chn t 8
ch s trn, trong ch s 6 c mt ng 3 ln, ch s khc c mt ng 1 ln.
S: 544320.
(HVCNBCVT, Tp.HCM, 1999)
Bai 9: T tp X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} c th lp c bao nhiu s:
a/ Chn gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i mt v ch s ng u l ch s 2?
b/ Gm 5 ch s khc nhau tng i mt sao cho 5 ch s c ng 3 ch s chn v 2
ch s l?
S: a/ 360.
b/ 2448.
(H Cn Th, 2001)
Bai 10: a/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 6 ch s i mt khc nhau (ch s u tin phi khc
0), trong c mt ch s 0 nhng khng c ch s 1).
b/ C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 7 ch s, bit rng ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln, ch s 3 c
mt ng 3 ln v cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu mt ln.
S: a/ 33600
b/ 11340.
(H QG, Tp.HCM, 2001)
Bai 11: Ngi ta vit cc s c 6 ch s bng cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 nh sau: Trong mi s
c vit c mt ch s xut hin hai ln cn cc ch s cn li xut hin mt ln. Hi c
Trang 34

Trn S Tng

i s 11

bao nhiu s nh vy?

S: 1800.
(H S phm Vinh, 1998)
Bai 12: T mt tp th 14 ngi gm 6 nm v 8 n trong c An v Bnh, ngi ta mun
chn mt t cng tc gm c 6 ngi. Tm s cch chn trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ Trong t phi c c nam ln n?
b/ Trong t c 1 t trng, 5 t vin hn na An v Bnh khng ng thi c mt trong t?
S: a/ 2974.
b/ 15048.
(H Kinh t, Tp.HCM, 2001)
Bai 13: Mt n tu c 3 toa ch khc. Toa I, II, III. Trn sn ga c 4 khch chun b i tu.
Bit mi toa c t nht 4 ch trng. Hi:
a/ C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 4 v khch ln 3 toa.
b/ C bao nhiu cch sp xp cho 4 v khch ln tu c 1 toa c 3 trong 4 v khch ni trn.
S: a/ 99.b/ 24.
(H Lut H Ni, 1999)
Bai 14: Trong s 16 hc sinh c 3 hc sinh gii, 5 kh, 8 trung bnh. C bao nhiu cch chia s
hc sinh thnh hai t, mi t 8 hc sinh sao cho mi t u c hc sinh gii v mi t c t
nht hai hc sinh kh.
S: 3780.
(HVKT Qun s, 2001)

Dng 7: Tm s t hp trong cc bi ton hnh hc

Bai 1: Trong mt phng cho n ng thng ct nhau tng i mt, nhng khng c 3 ng
no ng quy. Hi c bao nhiu giao im? C bao nhiu tam gic c to thnh?
n(n - 1)
S:
S giao im:
Cn2 =
2
n(n - 1)(n - 2)
S tam gic: Cn3 =
6
Bai 2: Cho 10 im trong khng gian, trong khng c 3 im no thng hng.
a) C bao nhiu ng thng i qua tng cp im?
b) C bao nhiu vect ni tng cp im?
c) C bao nhiu tam gic c nh l 3 trong 10 im trn?
d) Nu trong 10 im trn khng c 4 im no ng phng, th c bao nhiu t din c
to thnh?
2
S: a) C10

2
b) A10

3
c) C10

4
d) C10

Bai 3: Cho a gic li c n cnh (n 4)

a) Tm n a gic c s ng cho bng s cnh?
b) Gi s 3 ng cho cng i qua 1 nh th khng ng qui. Hy tnh s giao im
(khng phi l nh) ca cc ng cho y?
S: a) Cn2 - n = n n = 5
b) Giao im ca 2 ng cho ca 1 a gic li (khng phi l nh) chnh l giao im
ca 2 ng cho mt t gic m 4 nh ca n l 4 nh ca a gic. Vy s giao im
phi tm bng s t gic vi 4 nh thuc n nh ca a gic: Cn4
Bai 4: Cho mt a gic li c n-cnh (n , b 3) .
a/ Tm s ng cho ca a gic. Hy ch ra 1 a gic c s cnh bng s ng cho?
b/ C bao nhiu tam gic c nh trng vi nh ca a gic?
c/ C bao nhiu giao im gia cc ng cho?
n(n - 3)
(n - 2)(n - 1)n
n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)
; n = 5.
b/
.
c/
.
S: a/
2
6
24
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i s 11

Trn S Tng

Bai 5: Tm s giao im ti a ca:

a/ 10 ng thng phn bit?
b/ 10 ng trn phn bit?
c/ 10 ng thng v 10 ng trn trn?
S: a/ 45.b/ 90. c/ 335.
Bai 6: Cho hai ng thng song song (d1), (d2). Trn (d1) ly 17 im phn bit, trn (d2)
ly 20 im phn bit. Tnh s tam gic c cc nh l 3 im trong s 37 im chn trn
(d1) v (d2).
S: 5950.
(H SP Quy Nhn, 1997)
Bai 7: Cho mt phng cho a gic u H c 20 cnh. Xt cc tam gic c ba nh c ly t
cc nh ca H.
a/ C tt c bao nhiu tam gic nh vy? C bao nhiu tam gic c ng hai cnh l cnh
ca H?
b/ C bao nhiu tam gic c ng mt cnh l cnh ca H? C bao nhiu tam gic khng c
cnh no l cnh ca H?
S: a/ 1140; 20.
b/ 320 ; 80.
(HVNH, 2000, khi D)
Bai 8: C 10 im A, B, C, ... trn mt phng trong khng c 3 im no thng hng.
a/ Ni chng li ta c bao nhiu ng thng? Trong c bao nhiu ng khng i qua
A hay B?
b/ C bao nhiu tam gic nh bi cc im trn? Bao nhiu tam gic cha im A? Bao
nhiu tam gic cha cnh AB?
S: a/ 45; 28.
b/ 120 ; 36 ; 8.
Bai 9: C p im trong mt phng trong c q im thng hng, s cn li khng c 3 im
no thng hng. Ni p im li vi nhau. Hi:
a/ C bao nhiu ng thng?
b/ Chng to ra bao nhiu tam gic?
1
1
S: a/
p( p - 1) - q(q - 1) + 2; . b/
p( p - 1)( p - 2) - q(q - 1)(q - 2) .
2
6
Bai 10: Cho p im trong khng gian trong c q im ng phng, s cn li khng c 4
im no ng phng. Dng tt c cc mt phng cha 3 trong p im . Hi:
a/ C bao nhiu mt phng khc nhau?
b/ Chng to ra bao nhiu t din?
S: a/ C 3p - Cq3 + 1.

b/ C 4p - Cq4 .

Bai 11: Cho p im trong c q im cng nm trn 1 ng trn, ngi ra khng c 4 im

no ng phng. Hi c bao nhiu:
a/ ng trn, mi ng i qua ba im?
b/ T din vi cc nh thuc p im ?
S: a/ C 3p - Cq3 + 1.

b/ C 4p - Cq4 .

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i s 11

V. Nh thc Newton
1. Cng thc khai trin nh thc Newton: Vi mi nN v vi mi cp s a, b ta c:
( a + b) n =

Cnk an-k bk

k =0

2. Tnh cht:
1) S cc s hng ca khai trin bng n + 1
2) Tng cc s m ca a v b trong mi s hng bng n
3) S hng tng qut (th k+1) c dng: Tk+1 = Cnk a n-k bk ( k =0, 1, 2, , n)
4) Cc h s ca cc cp s hng cch u s hng u v cui th bng nhau:
Cnk = Cnn-k
5) Cn0 = Cnn = 1 , Cnk -1 + Cnk = Cnk+1
* Nhn xt: Nu trong khai trin nh thc Newton, ta gn cho a v b nhng gi tr c bit
th ta s thu c nhng cng thc c bit. Chng hn:
(1+x)n = Cn0 x n + Cn1 x n-1 + ... + Cnn

Cn0 + C1n + ... + Cnn = 2 n

(x1)n = Cn0 x n - C1n x n-1 + ... + (-1)n Cnn

Cn0 - Cn1 + ... + (-1)n Cnn = 0

Dng 1: Xc nh cc h s trong khai trin nh thc Newton

Bai 1: Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin ca nh thc:
10

1
a) x +
x4

S: a) 45

12

1
b) x 2 +
x4

b) 495
c) 10

1
c) x 3 -
x2

d) 15

Bai 2: a/ Tm h s ca x12 y13 trong khai trin (2 x + 3 y )25 .

b/ Tm cc s hng gia ca khai trin ( x 3 - xy )15 .
13
S: a) 313.212.C25
.

b) T8 = -6435 x 31. y 7 , T9 = 6435 x 29 . y8 .

Bai 3: Trong khai trin (x + y + z)n, tm s hng cha xk.ym (k,m <n)
S: Trc ht tm tt c s hng cha xk.
n

Ta c: (x + y + z)n = x + ( y + z ) = ... + Cnk x k ( y + z )

n-k

+ ...

m (y + z)nk = ... + Cnm-k y m zn-k -m + ...

s hng cha xkym l: Cnk .Cnm-k x k y m zn-k -m
Bai 4: Khai trin v rt gn cc n thc ng dng a thc:
P( x ) = (1 + x )9 + (1 + x )10 + ... + (1 + x )14
ta s c a thc: P( x ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + a14 x14 . Hy xc nh h s a9?
S: a9 = 3003.
Bai 5: Cho a thc P( x ) = (1 + x ) + 2(1 + x )2 + 3(1 + x )3 + ... + 20(1 + x )20
Trang 37

1
d) x 2 -
x

i s 11

Trn S Tng

c vit di dng: P( x ) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + a20 x 20 .

Tm h s a15?
S: a15 = 400995.
Bai 6: Khai trin P( x ) = ( x - 2)80 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + a80 x 80 . Tm h s a78?
S: a78 = 12640.
Bai 7: Khai trin P( x ) = (3 + x )50 = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + a50 x 50 .
b/ Tnh tng S = a0 + a1 + a2 + ... + a50 .

a/ Tnh h s a46?

b/ S = 450.

S: a/ a46 = 18654300

Bai 8: a) Tm s hng khng cha cn thc trong khai trin ca nh thc:

3+ 2

1
b) Tm s m n ca biu thc b +
. Bit t s gia cc h s ca s hng th 5 v
3
12

th 3 trong khai trin ca nh thc l 7:2. Tm s hng th 6?

S: a) C52 .3.2 = 60
b) n = 9 T6 =

C95

( b)

1
.
3 2
b

126
=
3

b b2

21

a
+
Bai 9: Trong khai trin ca nh thc: 3

ging nhau?
S: Ta c: Tk+1 =

k
. 3
C21

21-k

b
, tm cc s hng cha a, b vi lu tha
3
a
k

21-k k k 21-k
b
k
= C21.a 3 6 .b 2 6

3
a
5

21 - k k k 21 - k
9

- = k = 9. Vy s hng cn tm l: T10 = C21

.a 2 .b 2
3
6 2
6
15

1
Bai 10: a/ Tm s hng th 6 ca khai trin x - .
x

12

3 3 2 2

b/ Tm s hng cha a trong khai trin

a +
a .
64
3

1 3
c/ Tm s hng gia ca khai trin
+
5
x

10

x .

12

d/ Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin ca nh thc: + x .

x

16

1
e/ Tm hng t c lp vi x trong khai trin 3 x + .
x

5
15 30 15
S: a/ T6 = C15
.
b/ 924a 7 .2 -30 .
c/ T16 = C30
. x .y .
d/ 495.
e/ 1820.
Bai 11: S hng no cha x vi s m t nhin trong khai trin sau:

Trang 38

Trn S Tng
4

i s 11
10

a/ ( x + x ) .

13

1
b/ x +
.
3
x

2
6 7
10 10
x, C10
x , C10
x .
S: a/ C10

0 13
3 9
6 5 9
b/ C13
x , C13
x , C13
x , C13 x.

Bai 12: a/ Tm s hng ca khai trin ( 3 + 3 2)9 l mt s nguyn.

b/ Tm s hng hu t ca khai trin ( 3 - 15)6 .
c/ Xc nh cc s hng hu t ca khai trin ( 5 3 + 3 7)36 .
d/ C bao nhiu hng t nguyn ca khai trin ( 3 + 4 5)124 .
S: a/ T4 = 4536, T10 = 8.
b/ T1 = 27, T3 = 2005, T5 = 10125, T7 = 3375.
c/ T7 , T22 , T37 .

d/ 32 s hng

a
Bai 13: a/ Tm s hng th ba ca khai trin 13 a +

a -1

3
2
nu Cn : Cn = 4 :1.

T3 = 4T5

b/ Trong khai trin (1 + x )n theo ly tha tng ca x, cho bit :

40 . Tm n v x?
T
=
4 3 T6
1
13
b/ n = 6, x = .
S: a/ n = 14, T3 = 91 a51 .
2
n

1
Bai 14: a/ Xc nh h s th nht, th hai, th ba trong khai trin x 3 + .
x2

b/ Cho bit tng ca 3 h s trn l 11. Tm h s ca x2.

n(n - 1)
S: a/ Cn0 = 1, Cn1 = n, Cn2 =
. b/ n = 4, C42 = 6.
2
n

1
Bai 15: a/ Trong khai trin a a + cho bit hiu s gia h s ca hng t th ba v th
a4

hai l 44. Tm n.
n

1
b/ Cho bit trong khai trin x 2 + , tng cc h s ca cc hng t th nht, th hai, th
x

ba l 46. Tm hng t khn g cha x.

n

2
c/ Cho bit tng ca 3 h s ca 3 s hng u tin trong khai trin x 2 - l 97. Tm

3
hng t ca khai trin cha x4.
S: a/ n = 11
b/ n = 9 ; 84. c/ n = 8; 1120x4.

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Trn S Tng

Dng 2 : p dng khai trin nh thc Newton chng minh ng thc t hp

Bai 1: Tnh cc tng sau:
a/ S1 = Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + ... + Cnn .

b/ S2 = Cn0 + Cn2 + Cn4 + ...

c/ S3 = C1n + Cn3 + Cn5 + ...

d/ S4 = Cn0 + 2Cn1 + 22 Cn2 + ... + 2 k Cnk + ... + 2 n Cnn .

e/ S5 = Cn0 + 22 C n 2 + 2 4 Cn4 + ...

3n + (-1)n
.
2
Bai 2: Bit tng tt c cc h s ca khai trin th thc (x2 + 1)n bng 1024, hy tm h s a (a
l s t nhin) ca s hng ax12 trong khai trin .
S: a = 210.
(HV hnh chnh QG, 2000)
Bai 3: Tnh tng sau:
S: a/ 2n.

b/ 2 n-1 .

c/ 2 n-1 .

6
7
8
9
10
11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
+ C11
.
a/ S1 = C11

d/ 3n.

e/

(HQG H Ni, 97, Khi D)

0
1
2
16
b/ S2 = 316 C16
- 315 C16
+ 314 C16
- ... + C16
.
16
b/ 2 .
S: a/ 1024.
Bai 4: Chng minh cc h thc sau:

(HBK H Ni, 98)

a/ C20n + C22n + +C24n + ... + C22nn = C21n + +C23n + +C25n + ... + C22nn-1
Tng h s chn bng tng h s l c ng khng?
b/ 1 - 10.C21n + 102.C22n - 103.C23n + ... - 102 n-1C22nn-1 + 102 n = 81n.
c/ C20n + C22n 32 + C24n 34 + ... + C22nn 32 n = 22 n-1.(22 n + 1) (H Hng Hi, 2001)
Bai 5: Dng ng thc (1 + x )m .(1 + x )n = (1 + x )m+n , chng minh rng:
a/ Cm0 .Cnk + C1m .Cnk -1 + Cm2 .Cnk -2 + ... + Cmm .Cnk -m = Cmk + n , m k n.
(H thc Van der mon de (Van ec mon)).
b/ (Cn0 )2 + (Cn1 )2 + (Cn2 )2 + ... + (Cnn )2 = C2nn .
c/ Cn0 .Cnk + C1n .Cnk +1 + Cn2 .Cnk +2 + ... + Cnn -k .Cnn =

(2n)!
(n - k )!(n + k )!

Bai 6: Tnh gi tr cc biu thc:

A = 22 n C20n + 22 n-2 C22n + ... + 2 0 C22nn
2n

S : Ta c : (2x+1) =

2n

k =0

C2kn .

2n

(2 x )

C2kn . ( 2 x )

Mt khc, (2x1)2n =

k =0

B = 22 n-1C21n + 22 n -3 C23n + ... + 21C22nn -1

2 n-k

2 n-k

. Thay x = 1 ta c A + B = 32n = 9n
k

. ( -1) . Thay x = 1 ta c A B = 1

1 n
1 n
9 +1 , B =
9 -1
2
2
Bai 7: Chng minh cc ng thc sau:
T suy ra: A =

a) Cn0 + 6C1n + 62 Cn2 + ... + 6 n Cnn = 7n

0
1
17
b) 317 C17
+ 41.316.C17
+ ... + 417 C17
= 717

S: a) Khai trin (1+x)n = Cn0 + Cn1 x + Cn2 x 2 + ... + Cnn x n ; thay x = 6

b) Khai trin (3x+4)17; thay x = 1

Trang 40

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i s 11

Dng 3: Ton chia ht

Nu a chia cho b c s d l r th a = bq + r
nn an = (bq + r)n = bnqn + nbn1qn1r + + nbqrn1 + rn
Do an v rn c cng s d khi chia cho b. Tc l: an rn(mod b)
Vy nu a r (mod b) th an rn (mod b)
V d 1: Chng minh rng vi "n Z+, ta c:
a) 4n + 15n 1 M 9
b) 16n 15n 1 M 225
HD: a) Ta c 4n = (3+1)n = 3n + n.3n1 + + 3n + 1 3n + 1 (mod 9)
(v 3k M 9 , "k 2)
4n + 15n 1 3n + 1 + 15n 1 (mod 9) = 18n (mod 9)
Vy 4n + 15n 1 M 9
n(n - 1) 2
b) 16n = (1 + 15)n = 1 + n.15 +
.15 + + n.15n1 + 15n
2
1 + 15n (mod 152)
Do : 16n 15n 1 1 + 15n 15n 1 0 (mod 225)
Vy 16n 15n 1 M 225
V d 2: Chng minh rng vi "n Z+, ta c:
26n+1 + 36n+1 + 56n + 1 M 7
HD: 26n+1 + 36n+1 + 56n+1 + 1 = 2(26)n + 3(36)n + (56)n + 1
= 2.64n + 3.729n + 15625n + 1
= 2[(7.9 + 1)n 1] + 3[(7.104 + 1)n 1] + [(7.2232 + 1)n 1] + 7
Do vi mi s t nhin p v q th:
(7p+1)q 1 = [(7p+1)1].[(7p+1)q1+ + (7p+1) + 1]
nn biu thc cho lun chia ht cho 7.

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i s 11

Trn S Tng

B. XC SUT
I. Bin c v xc sut
1. Bin c
Khng gian mu W: l tp cc kt qu c th xy ra ca mt php th.
Bin c A: l tp cc kt qu ca php th lm xy ra A. A W.
Bin c khng:
Bin c chc chn: W
Bin c i ca A: A = W \ A
Hp hai bin c: A B
Giao hai bin c: A B (hoc A.B)
Hai bin c xung khc: A B =
Hai bin c c lp: nu vic xy ra bin c ny khng nh hng n vic xy ra bin c
kia.
2. Xc sut
n( A)
Xc sut ca bin c: P(A) =
n(W )
0 P(A) 1; P(W ) = 1;
P() = 0
Qui tc cng: Nu A B = th P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
M rng: A, B bt k: P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A.B)
P( A ) = 1 P(A)
Qui tc nhn: Nu A, B c lp th P(A.B) = P(A). P(B)
Bai 1: Gieo mt con sc sc cn i ng cht hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) Tng hai mt xut hin bng 8.
b) Tch hai mt xut hin l s l.
c) Tch hai mt xut hin l s chn.
5
1
3
b)
c)
S: a) n(W ) = 36. n(A) = 5 P(A) =
36
4
4
Bai 2: Mt lp hc c 25 hc sinh, trong c 15 em hc kh mn Ton, 16 em hc kh mn
Vn.
a) Tnh xc sut chn c 2 em hc kh c 2 mn.
b) Tnh xc sut chn c 3 em hc kh mn Ton nhng khng kh mn Vn.
C72
C83
S: a) n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) n(AB) = 15 +15 25 = 17 P(AB)
b)
25
25
Bai 3: Gieo hai con sc sc cn i ng cht. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) Tng hai mt xut hin bng 7.
b) Cc mt xut hin c s chm bng nhau.
1
1
S: a)
b)
6
6
Bai 4: Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh v 3 vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Ly ngu nhin
mt vin bi, ri ly tip mt vin na. Tnh xc sut ca bin c ln th hai c mt vin bi
xanh.
5
S:
8
Trang 42

Trn S Tng

i s 11

Bai 5: Mt bnh ng 5 vin bi xanh v 3 vin bi ch khc nhau v mu. Ly ngu nhin 4
vin bi. Tnh xc sut c t nht 3 vin bi xanh.
1
S:
2
Bai 6: Hai ngi i sn c lp vi nhau v cng bn mt con th. Xc sut bn trng ca ngi
3
1
th nht l , ca ngi th hai l . Tnh xc sut con th b bn trng.
5
2
4
S:
5
Bai 7: Gieo ngu nhin mt con sc sc cn i ng cht hai ln. Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c
sau:
a) Ln th nht xut hin mt 6 chm.
b) Ln th hai xut hin mt 6 chm.
c) t nht mt ln xut hin mt 6 chm.
d) Khng ln no xut hin mt 6 chm.
1
1
11
25
S: a)
b)
c)
d)
6
6
36
36
Bai 8: Gieo ng thi bn ng xu cn i ng cht. Tnh xc sut ca bin c:
a) C 4 ng xu u nga.
b) C ng 3 ng xu lt nga.
c) C t nht hai ng xu lt nga.
1
1
11
S: a)
b)
c)
16
4
16
Bai 9: Mt hp bng n c 12 bng, trong c 7 bng tt. Ly ngu nhin 3 bng.Tnh xc
sut ly c:
a) t nht 2 bng tt
b) t nht 1 bng tt.
Bai 10: Mt lp hc gm 20 hc sinh trong c 6 hc sinh gii Ton, 5 hc sinh gii Vn v 4
hc sinh gii c 2 mn. GVCN chn ra 2 em. Tnh xc sut 2 em l hc sinh gii.
Bai 11: Mt hp c 20 qu cu ging nhau, trong c 12 qu cu trng v 8 qu cu en. Ly
ngu nhin 3 qu. Tnh xc sut trong 3 qu chn ra c t nht mt qu mu en.
Bai 12: Mt t c 6 hc sinh nam v 4 hc sinh n. GVCN chn ra 2 em i thi vn ngh. Tnh
xc sut 2 em khc phi.
Bai 13: Mt lp c 30 hc sinh, trong c 8 em gii, 15 em kh v 7 em trung bnh. Chn
ngu nhin 3 em i d i hi. Tnh xc sut :
a) C 3 em u l hc sinh gii
b) C t nht 1 hc sinh gii
c) Khng c hc sinh trung bnh.
Bai 14: Cho 7 s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Gi X l tp hp cc s gm hai ch s khc nhau ly t 7 s
trn. Ly ngu nhin 1 s thuc X. Tnh xc sut :
a) S l s l.
b) S chia ht cho 5
c) S chia ht cho 9.

Trang 43

i s 11

Trn S Tng

II. Bin ngu nhin ri rc

1. Bin ngu nhin ri rc
X = {x1, x2, ,xn}
P(X=xk) = pk
p1 + p2 + + pn = 1
2. K vng (gi tr trung bnh)

m = E(X) =

xi pi
i =1

3. Phng sai v lch chun

V(X) =

( xi - m )2 pi =
i =1

xi2 pi - m 2

s(X) = V ( X )

i =1

Bai 1: Hai cu th bng st pht n. Mi ngi mt ln vi xc sut lm bn ca ngi

th nht l 0,8. Tnh xc sut lm bn ca ngi th hai, bit rng xc sut c hai ngi
cng lm bn l 0,56 v xc sut b thng li t nht mt ln l 0,94.
Bai 2: Mt cp v chng c 3 ngi con. Gi X l s ln sinh con trai. Lp bng phn phi xc
sut ca bin ngu nhin X.
Bai 3: Mt hp ng 6 vin bi xanh v 4 vin bi . Chn ngu nhin 3 vin bi. Gi X l s ln
ly c bi . Lp bng phn phi ca bin ngu nhin X.
Bai 4: Cho bng phn phi xc sut ca bin ngu nhin X:
X
1
2
3
P
0,3
0,5
0,2
Tm k vng, phng sai v lch chun ca X.
Bai 5: Mt hp ng 5 vin bi v 3 vin bi xanh. Ly ngu nhin 3 vin. Gi X l s bi
ly ra. Tnh k vng, phng sai v lch chun ca X.
Bai 6: Hai x th c lp cng bn vo 1 bia. Mi ngi bn 1 vin n. Xc sut x th th
nht bn trng bia l 0,7. Xc sut x th th hai bn trng bia l 0,8. Gi X l s n bn
trng bia. Tnh k vng, phng sai ca X.

Trang 44

Trn S Tng

i s 11

CHNG III
DY S CP S

I. Phng php qui np ton hc

chng minh mnh cha bin A(n) l mt mnh ng vi mi gi tr nguyn dng
n, ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Kim tra mnh ng vi n = 1.
Bc 2: Gi thit mnh ng vi s nguyn dng n = k tu (k 1), chng minh rng
mnh ng vi n = k + 1.
Ch : Nu phi chng minh mnh A(n) l ng vi vi mi s nguyn dng n p th:
+ bc 1, ta phi kim tra mnh ng vi n = p;
+ bc 2, ta gi thit mnh ng vi s nguyn dng bt k n = k p v phi chng
minh mnh ng vi n = k + 1.
Bai 1: Chng minh rng vi mi n N*, ta c:
n(n + 1)
a) 1 + 2 + + n =
2
2

b) 12 + 22 + ... + n2 =

n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6

n(n + 1)
c) 1 + 2 + ... + n =
2
n(n + 1)(n + 2)
e) 1.2 + 2.3 + ... + n(n + 1) =
3
Bai 2: Chng minh rng vi mi n N*, ta c:

d) 1.4 + 2.7 + ... + n(3n + 1) = n(n + 1)2

a) 2 n > 2 n + 1
(n 3)
1
1
1
c) 1 + + ... +
< 2 - (n 2)
n
22
n2
1
1
e) 1 +
+ ... +
<2 n
2
n
Bai 3: Chng minh rng vi mi n N*, ta c:

b) 2 n+ 2 > 2 n + 5
1 3 2n - 1
1
d) . ...
<
2 4
2n
2n + 1
1
1
1 13
f)
+
+ ... +
>
n +1 n + 2
2 n 24

f)

1
1
1
n
+
+ ... +
=
1.2 2.3
n(n + 1) n + 1

(n > 1)

a) n3 + 11n chia ht cho 6.

b) n3 + 3n2 + 5n chia ht cho 3.

c) 7.22 n- 2 + 32 n-1 chia ht cho 5.

d) n3 + 2n chia ht cho 3.

e) 32 n+1 + 2 n+ 2 chia ht cho 7.

f) 13n - 1 chia ht cho 6.

n(n - 3)
Bai 4: Chng minh rng s ng cho ca mt a gic li n cnh l
.
2
Bai 5: Dy s (an) c cho nh sau: a1 = 2, an+1 = 2 + an
Chng minh rng vi mi n N* ta c: an = 2 cos

Trang 45

p
2n +1

vi n = 1, 2,

i s 11

Trn S Tng

II. Dy s
1. Dy s

u : *
Dng khai trin: (un) = u1, u2, , un,
n a u(n)
2. Dy s tng, dy s gim
(un) l dy s tng
un+1 > un vi " n N*.
u
un+1 un > 0 vi " n N* n+1 > 1 vi "n N* ( un > 0).
un

(un) l dy s gim

un+1 < un vi "n N*.

un+1 un< 0 vi " n N*

un+1
< 1 vi "n N* (un > 0).
un

3. Dy s b chn
(un) l dy s b chn trn $M R: un M, "n N*.
(un) l dy s b chn di $m R: un m, "n N*.
(un) l dy s b chn $m, M R: m un M, "n N*.
Bai 1: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (un) cho bi:
2n2 - 1
n + (-1)n
b) un =
a) un =
2n + 1
n2 + 1

n -1

c) un =

n2 + 1

d)
Bai 2:
a)
c)

1
(n + 1)!
e) un = n + cos2 n
f) un =
un = -
3
2n
Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (un) cho bi:
1
u1 = 2, un+1 = ( un + 1)
b) u1 = 15, u2 = 9, un+ 2 = un - un+1
3
2
d) u1 = 1, u2 = -2, un+ 2 = un+1 - 2un
u1 = 0, un+1 =
2
un + 1

Bai 3: Hy vit 5 s hng u ca dy s (un), d on cng thc s hng tng qut un v chng
minh cng thc bng qui np:
a) u1 = 1, un+1 = 2un + 3

b) u1 = 3, un+1 = 1 + un2

c) u1 = 3, un+1 = 2un

d) u1 = -1, un+1 = 2un + 1

e) u1 = 1, un+1 = un + 7

e) u1 =

S:

a) un = 2 n+1 - 3

b) un = n + 8

c) un = 3.2 n-1

d) un = -1

e) un = 7n - 6

f) un =

Bai 4: Xt tnh tng, gim ca cc dy s (un) cho bi:

a) un =
d) un =

2n + 1
3n - 2
n2 + n + 1
2

b) un =

4n - 1
4n + 5

e) un = n + cos2 n

u +1
5
, u n+1 = n
4
2

2 n+1 + 1
2 n+1
c) un =
f) un =

(-1)n
n+2
2-n

n +1
n
Bai 5: Xt tnh b chn trn, b chn di, b chn ca cc dy s (un) cho bi:
2n + 3
1
a) un =
b) un =
c) un = n 2 + 4
n+2
n(n + 1)
Trang 46

Trn S Tng
d) un =

i s 11
n 2 + 2n

n2 + n + 1

e) un =

f) un = (-1)n cos

n2 + 2n + n

p
2n

III. Cp s cng
1. nh ngha:
(un) l cp s cng un+1 = un + d, "n N*
2. S hng tng qut:
un = u1 + (n - 1)d
vi n 2
uk -1 + uk +1

3. Tnh cht cc s hng:

uk =

4. Tng n s hng u tin:

Sn = u1 + u2 + ... + un =

(d: cng sai)

vi k 2
n(u1 + un )
2

n 2u1 + (n - 1)d
2

Bai 1: Trong cc dy s (un) di y, dy s no l cp s cng, khi cho bit s hng u v

cng sai ca n:
3n + 2
c) un = n 2
a) un = 3n 7
b) un =
5
7 - 3n
n
d) un = 3n
e) un =
f) un = - 1
2
2
Bai 2: Tm s hng u v cng sai ca cp s cng, bit:
u + u - u = 10
u + u - u = 10
u = -15
a) 1 5 3
b) 2 5 3
c) 3
u1 + u6 = 17
u4 + u6 = 26

u14 = 18
u - u = 8
u + u + u = -12
u + u = 60
d) 7 3
e) 72 15
f) 1 3 5
2
u1u2 u3 = 8
u4 + u12 = 1170

u2 .u7 = 75
Bai 3: a) Gia cc s 7 v 35 hy t thm 6 s na c mt cp s cng.
b) Gia cc s 4 v 67 hy t thm 20 s na c mt cp s cng.
Bai 4: a) Tm 3 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng, bit tng ca chng l 27 v tng cc
bnh phng ca chng l 293.
b) Tm 4 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s cng, bit tng ca chng bng 22 v tng cc
bnh phng ca chng bng 66.
Bai 5: a) Ba gc ca mt tam gic vung lp thnh mt cp s cng. Tm s o cc gc .
b) S o cc gc ca mt a gic li c 9 cnh lp thnh mt cp s cng c cng sai d = 30.
Tm s o ca cc gc .
c) S o cc gc ca mt t gic li lp thnh mt cp s cng v gc ln nht gp 5 ln gc
nh nht. Tm s o cc gc .
Bai 6: Chng minh rng nu 3 s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng th cc s x, y, z cng lp
thnh mt cp s cng, vi:
a) x = b2 + bc + c2 ; y = c2 + ca + a2 ; z = a2 + ab + b2
b) x = a2 - bc; y = b2 - ca; z = c2 - ab
Bai 7: Tm x 3 s a, b, c lp thnh mt cp s cng, vi:
a) a = 10 - 3 x; b = 2 x 2 + 3; c = 7 - 4 x

b) a = x + 1; b = 3 x - 2; c = x 2 - 1

Bai 8: Tm cc nghim s ca phng trnh: x 3 - 15 x 2 + 71x - 105 = 0 , bit rng cc nghim s

phn bit v to thnh mt cp s cng.
Bai 9: Ngi ta trng 3003 cy theo mt hnh tam gic nh sau: hng th nht c 1 cy, hng
th hai c 2 cy, hng th ba c 3 cy, . Hi c bao nhiu hng?
Trang 47

i s 11

Trn S Tng

IV. Cp s nhn
1. nh ngha:

(un) l cp s nhn un+1 = un.q vi n N*

n-1

2. S hng tng qut:

un = u1.q

3. Tnh cht cc s hng:

uk2 = uk -1.uk +1

4. Tng n s hng u tin:

Sn = nu1

n
S = u1 (1 - q )
n
1- q

vi n 2
vi k 2
vi q = 1
vi q 1

Bai 1: Tm s hng u v cng bi ca cp s nhn, bit:

u - u = 72
u - u + u = 65
a) 4 2
b) 1 3 5
u1 + u7 = 325
u5 - u3 = 144

u + u + u = 14
d) 1 2 3
u1.u2 .u3 = 64

(q: cng bi)

u + u + u = 21
1 2 3
7
e) 1 1 1
+ + =
u u u 12
2
3
1

u + u = 90
c) 3 5
u2 - u6 = 240
u + u + u + u = 30
f) 12 22 32 42
u1 + u2 + u3 + u4 = 340

Bai 2: a) Gia cc s 160 v 5 hy chn vo 4 s na to thnh mt cp s nhn.

b) Gia cc s 243 v 1 hy t thm 4 s na to thnh mt cp s nhn.
Bai 3: Tm 3 s hng lin tip ca mt cp s nhn bit tng ca chng l 19 v tch l 216.
Bai 4: a) Tm s hng u ca mt cp s nhn, bit rng cng bi l 3, tng s cc s hng l
728 v s hng cui l 486.
b) Tm cng bi ca mt cp s nhn c s hng u l 7, s hng cui l 448 v tng s cc
s hng l 889.
Bai 5: a) Tm 4 gc ca mt t gic, bit rng cc gc lp thnh mt cp s nhn v gc cui
gp 9 ln gc th hai.
b) di cc cnh ca DABC lp thnh mt cp s nhn. Chng minh rng DABC c hai
gc khng qu 600.
Bai 6: Tm bn s hng lin tip ca mt cp s nhn, trong s hng th hai nh hn s hng
th nht 35, cn s hng th ba ln hn s hng th t 560.
Bai 7: S s hng ca mt cp s nhn l mt s chn. Tng tt c cc s hng ca n ln gp 3
ln tng cc s hng c ch s l. Xc nh cng bi ca cp s .
148
Bai 8: Tm 4 s hng u ca mt cp s nhn, bit rng tng 3 s hng u l
, ng thi,
9
theo th t, chng l s hng th nht, th t v th tm ca mt cp s cng.
Bai 9: Tm 3 s hng u ca mt cp s nhn, bit rng khi tng s th hai thm 2 th cc s
to thnh mt cp s cng, cn nu sau tng s cui thm 9 th chng li lp thnh mt
cp s nhn.
Bai 10: Tm 4 s trong ba s u l ba s hng k tip ca mt cp s nhn, cn ba s sau l
ba s hng k tip ca mt cp s cng; tng hai s u v cui bng 32, tng hai s gia
bng 24.
Bai 11: Tm cc s dng a v b sao cho a, a + 2b, 2a + b lp thnh mt cp s cng v (b + 1)2,
ab + 5, (a + 1)2 lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
2
1 2
Bai 12: Chng minh rng nu 3 s
, ,
lp thnh mt cp s cng th 3 s x, y, z lp
y-x y y-z
thnh mt cp s nhn.

Trang 48

Trn S Tng

i s 11

CHNG IV
GII HN
I. Gii hn ca dy s
Gii hn hu hn
1. Gii hn c bit:
1
1
lim = 0 ;
lim
= 0 (k + )
n+ n
n+ n k
n

lim q = 0 ( q < 1) ;

Gii hn v cc
1. Gii hn c bit:
lim n = +
lim q n = + (q > 1)
2. nh l:

lim C = C

n+

n+

2. nh l :
a) Nu lim un = a, lim vn = b th
lim (un + vn) = a + b
lim (un vn) = a b
lim (un.vn) = a.b
u
a
lim n =
(nu b 0)
vn b

a) Nu lim un = + th lim

un
=0
vn

c) Nu lim un = a 0, lim vn = 0
u
+
neu a.vn > 0
th lim n =
neu a.vn < 0
vn
-

d) Nu lim un = +, lim vn = a
+
neu a > 0
th lim(un.vn) =
-
neu a < 0

un = a

c) Nu un vn ,"n v lim vn = 0
th lim un = 0
d) Nu lim un = a th lim un = a
3. Tng ca cp s nhn li v hn
u
S = u1 + u1q + u1q2 + = 1
1- q

1
=0
un

b) Nu lim un = a, lim vn = th lim

b) Nu un 0, "n v lim un= a

th a 0 v lim

lim n k = + (k + )

* Khi tnh gii hn c mt trong cc dng v

0
nh: , , , 0. th phi tm cch kh
0
dng v nh.

( q < 1)

Mt s phng php tm gii hn ca dy s:

Chia c t v mu cho lu tha cao nht ca n.
1
1
1+ - 3
2
3
1
n
+
n
n
n
n =
VD:
b) lim
= lim
=1
3 2
1
1 - 2n
2+
-2
n
n
4 1
c) lim(n2 - 4 n + 1) = lim n2 1 - + = +
n n2
Nhn lng lin hp: Dng cc hng ng thc
n +1
a) lim
= lim
2n + 3

VD:

1+

( 3 a - 3 b ) ( 3 a2 + 3 ab + 3 b2 ) = a - b

a - b )( a + b ) = a - b;

lim (

(
- 3n - n ) = lim

n2 - 3n - n

)(

n2 - 3n + n

n2 - 3n + n

Dng nh l kp: Nu un vn ,"n v lim vn = 0

Trang 49

th

) = lim

-3n
n2 - 3n + n

lim un = 0

=-

3
2

i s 11

Trn S Tng

VD:

sin n
sin n 1
1
sin n
.
V 0
v lim = 0 nn lim
=0
n
n
n
n
n
3sin n - 4 cos n
b) Tnh lim
. V 3sin n - 4 cos n (32 + 42 )(sin 2 n + cos2 n) = 5
2
2n + 1
3sin n - 4 cos n
5
nn 0
.

2
2
2n + 1
2n + 1
5
3sin n - 4 cos n
M lim
= 0 nn lim
=0
2
2n + 1
2n2 + 1

a) Tnh lim

Khi tnh cc gii hn dng phn thc, ta ch mt s trng hp sau y:

Nu bc ca t nh hn bc ca mu th kt qu ca gii hn bng 0.
Nu bc ca t bng bc ca mu th kt qu ca gii hn bng t s cc h s ca lu
tha cao nht ca t v ca mu.
Nu bc ca t ln hn bc ca mu th kt qu ca gii hn l + nu h s cao nht
ca t v mu cng du v kt qu l nu h s cao nht ca t v mu tri du.
Bai 1: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim

2 n2 - n + 3
3n2 + 2n + 1
n4

(n + 1)(2 + n)(n 2 + 1)
Bai 2: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim

1 + 3n
4 + 3n
2 n + 5n+1

1 + 5n
Bai 3: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim

4 n2 + 1 + 2n - 1
n2 + 4 n + 1 + n
4n2 + 1 + 2 n

b) lim
e) lim

b) lim
e) lim

2n + 1

4.3n + 7n+1

n2 + 3 - n - 4
n2 + 2 + n
(2n n + 1)( n + 3)
(n + 1)(n + 2)

1 + 2 + ... + n

n 2 + 3n
Bai 5: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim n2 + 2n - n - 1

f) lim

5n + 2.7n

1
1
1
c) lim 1 - 1 - ... 1 -
22 32
n2

3n3 - 2n2 + 1

5n + 8n
1 - 2.3n + 6 n
2 n (3n+1 - 5)

c) lim
f) lim

4 n+1 + 6n + 2

n2 + 1 - n6
n 4 + 1 + n2
n2 - 4n - 4 n2 + 1
3n2 + 1 + n

1
1
1
b) lim
+
+ ... +

n(n + 2)
1.3 2.4
1
1
1
d) lim
+
+ ... +

n(n + 1)
1.2 2.3
f) lim

1 + 2 + 22 + ... + 2 n
1 + 3 + 32 + ... + 3n

b) lim n2 + n - n2 + 2

Trang 50

n3 + 4
2 n 4 + n2 - 3

c) lim

2.5n + 7n
1 + 2.3n - 7n

n2 + 4n + 1 + n
Bai 4: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
1

1
1
a) lim
+
+ ... +

(2n - 1)(2n + 1)
1.3 3.5

e) lim

f) lim

2n4 + n + 1

b) lim
e) lim

c) lim

n3 + 4 n2 + 3
n2 + 1

3n3 + 2n 2 + n

3
c) lim 2 n - n3 + n - 1

Trn S Tng

i s 11

d) lim 1 + n2 - n 4 + 3n + 1

g) lim

4 n2 + 1 - 2n - 1

n2 + 4 n + 1 - n
Bai 6: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
a) lim
d) lim

2 cos n2
n2 + 1
3sin 6 n + 5 cos2 (n + 1)
n2 + 1

e) lim
h) lim

b) lim
e) lim

n2 - n - n

n2 + 1 - n6
n 4 + 1 - n2
(-1)n sin(3n + n2 )
3n - 1
3sin 2 (n3 + 2) + n2

f) lim

n2 + 2 - n2 + 4
n2 - 4n - 4 n2 + 1

i) lim

3n 2 + 1 - n

c) lim

2 - 2 n cos n
3n + 1

f) lim

3n2 - 2 n + 2
n(3cos n + 2)

2 - 3n2

1
1
1
Bai 7: Cho dy s (un) vi un = 1 - 1 - ... 1 - , vi " n 2.
22 32 n 2
a) Rt gn un.
b) Tm lim un.
1
1
1
=
Bai 8: a) Chng minh:
("n N*).
n n + 1 + (n + 1) n
n
n +1
1
1
1
b) Rt gn: un =
+
+ ... +
.
1 2 +2 1 2 3 +3 2
n n + 1 + (n + 1) n
c) Tm lim un.
u = 1
1
.
Bai 9: Cho dy s (un) c xc nh bi:
1
un+1 = un + n (n 1)

2
a) t vn = un+1 un. Tnh v1 + v2 + + vn theo n.
b) Tnh un theo n.
c) Tm lim un.
u = 0; u2 = 1
Bai 10: Cho dy s (un) c xc nh bi: 1
2un+ 2 = un+1 + un , (n 1)
1
a) Chng minh rng: un+1 = - un + 1 , "n 1.
2
2
b) t vn = un . Tnh vn theo n. T tm lim un.
3

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i s 11

Trn S Tng

II. Gii hn ca hm s
Gii hn hu hn
1. Gii hn c bit:
lim x = x0 ; lim c = c (c: hng s)
x x0

Gii hn v cc, gii hn v cc

1. Gii hn c bit:
+ neu k chan
lim x k = + ; lim x k =
x+
x-
- neu k le

x x0

2. nh l:
a) Nu lim f ( x ) = L v lim g( x ) = M

lim c = c ;

x x0

x x0

th: lim [ f ( x ) + g( x )] = L + M
lim [ f ( x ) - g( x )] = L - M

x x0

lim [ f ( x ).g( x )] = L .M

x x0

f ( x) L
=
(nu M 0)
x x0 g( x )
M
b) Nu f(x) 0 v lim f ( x ) = L
lim

x x0

x x0

x x0

f ( x) = L

c) Nu lim f ( x ) = L th lim f ( x ) = L
x x0

x x0

3. Gii hn mt bn:
lim f ( x ) = L
x x0

lim - f ( x ) = lim + f ( x ) = L
x x0

=0
xk
1
lim+ = +
x 0 x
x

1
= - ;
x 0 x
1
1
lim- = lim+ = +
x 0 x
x 0 x
2. nh l:
Nu lim f ( x ) = L 0 v lim g( x ) = th:
lim-

x x0

th L 0 v lim

lim

x x0

x x0

+ neu L va lim g( x ) cung dau

x x0
lim f ( x )g( x ) =
g( x ) trai dau
x x0
- neu L va xlim
x0

0 neu lim g( x ) =
x x0
f ( x )
lim
= + neu lim g( x ) = 0 va L .g( x ) > 0
x x0 g( x )
x x0

-
lim g( x ) = 0 va L .g( x ) < 0
ne
u

x x0

* Khi tnh gii hn c mt trong cc dng v nh:

0
, , , 0. th phi tm cch kh dng v
0
nh.

Mt s phng php kh dng v nh:

0
1. Dng
0
P( x )
a) L = lim
vi P(x), Q(x) l cc a thc v P(x0) = Q(x0) = 0
x x0 Q( x )
Phn tch c t v mu thnh nhn t v rt gn.
VD: lim

x3 - 8

( x - 2)( x 2 + 2 x + 4)
x 2 + 2 x + 4 12
= lim
=
=3
x 2
x 2
( x - 2)( x + 2)
x+2
4

= lim

x2 - 4
P( x )
b) L = lim
vi P(x0) = Q(x0) = 0 v P(x), Q(x) l cc biu thc cha cn cng bc
x x0 Q( x )
S dng cc hng ng thc nhn lng lin hp t v mu.
x2

( 2 - 4 - x )( 2 + 4 - x )
2- 4- x
1
1
= lim
= lim
=
x 0
x 0
x 0 2 + 4 - x
x
4
x (2 + 4 - x )
P( x )
c) L = lim
vi P(x0) = Q(x0) = 0 v P(x) l biu thc cha cn khng ng bc
x x0 Q( x )
VD: lim

Gi s: P(x) =

u( x ) - n v( x ) vi

Ta phn tch P(x) =

u( x 0 ) = n v( x 0 ) = a .

( m u( x) - a ) + ( a - n v( x) ) .
Trang 52

Trn S Tng

i s 11

3 x +1 -1 1 - 1 - x
x +1 - 1- x
= lim
+

x0
x 0
x
x
x

1 1 5
1
1
= lim
+
= + =
x0 3
2 3
3 2 6
1
+
1
x
(
x
+
1)
+
x
+
1
+
1

P( x )
2. Dng : L = lim
vi P(x), Q(x) l cc a thc hoc cc biu thc cha cn.
x Q( x )

Nu P(x), Q(x) l cc a thc th chia c t v mu cho lu tha cao nht ca x.

Nu P(x), Q(x) c cha cn th c th chia c t v mu cho lu tha cao nht ca x hoc
nhn lng lin hp.
5 3
2+ 2
2 x + 5x - 3
x x2
VD:
a) lim
= lim
=2
x + x 2 + 6 x + 3
x +
6 3
1+ +
x x2
3

VD: lim

2x - 3

b) lim

x -

x +1 - x

2-

= lim

x -

= -1

-1
x2
3. Dng : Gii hn ny thng c cha cn
Ta thng s dng phng php nhn lng lin hp ca t v mu.
VD: lim

x+

1 + x - x ) = lim

- 1+

3
x
1

1 + x - x )( 1 + x + x )
1+ x + x

x +

= lim

1+ x + x

x +

4. Dng 0.:
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php nh cc dng trn.
VD: lim ( x - 2)
x2

x
2

x -4

= lim
x 2

x - 2. x

x+2

0. 2
=0
2

Bai 1: Tm cc gii hn sau:

2

1+ x + x + x
x 0
1+ x

a) lim

d) lim

x -1
x4 + x - 3

x-1

x +8 -3
x1
x -2
Bai 2: Tm cc gii hn sau:
g) lim

a) lim

x 1

d) lim

x 3

x3 - x 2 - x + 1
x2 - 3x + 2
x3 - 5x 2 + 3 x + 9
x 4 - 8x 2 - 9

b) lim

x -1

e) lim

x2

h) lim

x2

b) lim+
x 1

e) lim

x1

3x + 1 - x
x -1

p
sin x -

4
c) lim
p
x
x

x2 - x +1
x -1

f) lim

3x 2 - 4 - 3x - 2
x +1

i) lim x 2 sin

x4 -1
x3 - 2 x2 + x
x - 5x5 + 4 x6
(1 - x )2

(1 + x )(1 + 2 x )(1 + 3 x ) - 1
x + x 2 + ... + x n - n
h) lim
x 0
x1
x
x -1

g) lim

Trang 53

x2 - 2x + 3
x +1

x 1

x 0

c) lim

1
2

x5 + 1
x3 + 1
xm -1

x -1

f) lim

x 1

i) lim

x -2

xn -1
x 4 - 16
x3 + 2 x2

=0

i s 11

Trn S Tng

Bai 3: Tm cc gii hn sau:

4x +1 - 3

a) lim

x2 - 4

x2

x+2 -2

d) lim

x+7 -3

x2

1 + x -1

g) lim

x0 3 1 +

x -1
Bai 4: Tm cc gii hn sau:
1+ x - 3 1+ x
x

a) lim

x 0

1+ 4x - 3 1+ 6x

d) lim

x2
1 + 4x. 1+ 6x -1
g) lim
x 0
x
Bai 5: Tm cc gii hn sau:
x0

x2 + 1

a) lim

2x2 - x + 1

x +

x2 + 2 x + 3 + 4 x + 1

d) lim

4 x2 + 1 + 2 - x

g) lim

(2 x - 1) x 2 - 3

x-

x - 5x2

x 1 3

x1

x 2

8 x + 11 - x + 7
x2 - 3x + 2

x2
3

8 x + 11 - x + 7

2 x2 - 5x + 2
1 + 2 x .3 1 + 4 x - 1
h) lim
x 0
x
x 2

b) lim

2x2 - x + 1
x -2
4 x2 - 2x + 1 + 2 - x

e) lim

9x2 - 3x + 2 x

x2 + 2 x + 3x

h) lim

x +

4 x2 + 1 - x + 2

1 + x2 -1
x

c) lim

x0

x2 + 1 - 1

f) lim

x0

x 2 + 16 - 4
x + 9 + x + 16 - 7
x

i) lim

x 0

2 1+ x - 3 8 - x
x 0
x

c) lim

5 - x3 - x2 + 7

f) lim

x1

i) lim

x 0

2 x2 + 1

c) lim

x +

f) lim

x2 -1
x +1 - 1- x
x

x3 - 3x2 + 2
x x +1

x +

x2 + x +1

x 2 - 5x + 2
x - 2 x + 1

i) lim

b) lim 2 x - 1 - 4 x 2 - 4 x - 3
x +

d) lim x + x + x - x
x +

( 3 2 x -1 - 3 2 x + 1)

x - 15
x -2

x + 3x
3

b) lim

f) lim

x -

1
3
g) lim

x 1 1 - x 1 - x 3
Bai 7: Tm cc gii hn sau:
a) lim+

x -3

3
c) lim x 2 + 1 - x 3 - 1
x +

x+

4x + 4 - 2

x + 3 - 2x

h) lim

e) lim

x -1

2 x + 2 - 3x + 1
x -1

e) lim

Bai 6: Tm cc gii hn sau:

a) lim x 2 + x - x
x +

e) lim

b) lim

( 3 3x3 - 1 +

x2 + 2

1
1
h) lim
+

x2 x 2 - 3 x + 2
x2 - 5x + 6
b) limx 2

x - 15
x -2

c) lim+
x 3

1 + 3x - 2 x2
x -3

x2 - 4
2-x
2- x
e) lim
f) lim+
2
2
x -2
x 2 2 x - 5 x + 2
x 2 2 x - 5 x + 2
x 2
Bai 8: Tm cc gii hn mt bn ca hm s ti im c ch ra:
1 + x -1
9 - x2
khi x > 0
3

a) f ( x ) = 1 + x - 1
tai x = 0
b) f ( x ) = x - 3 khi x < 3
tai x = 3
3

1 - x khi x 3
khi x 0
2
d) lim+

Trang 54

Trn S Tng

i s 11

x2 - 2 x
x2 - 3x + 2
khi x > 2

khi x > 1

2
c) f ( x ) = 8 - x
tai x = 1
d) f ( x ) = x - 1
tai x = 2
4
x
x
16

khi x 1
khi x < 2
2
x - 2
Bai 9: Tm gi tr ca m cc hm s sau c gii hn ti im c ch ra::
1
3
x3 - 1
khi x > 1

<
1
khi
x
a) f ( x ) = x - 1
tai x = 1
b) f ( x) = x - 1 x3 - 1
tai x = 1
2
2
mx + 2 khi x 1
m x - 3mx + 3 khi x 1

x + m
khi x < 0
x + 3m
khi x < -1

tai x = 0 d) f (x) = 2
tai x = -1
c) f ( x ) = x 2 + 100 x + 3
x
+
x
+
m
+
3
khi
x

1
khi
x

x +3

Trang 55

i s 11

Trn S Tng

III. Hm s lin tc
1. Hm s lin tc ti mt im:

y = f(x) lin tc ti x0 lim f ( x ) = f ( x 0 )

x x0

xt tnh lin tc ca hm s y = f(x) ti im x0 ta thc hin cc bc:

B1: Tnh f(x0).
B2: Tnh lim f ( x ) (trong nhiu trng hp ta cn tnh lim + f ( x ) , lim - f ( x ) )
x x0

x x0

x x0

B3: So snh lim f ( x ) vi f(x0) v rt ra kt lun.

x x0

2. Hm s lin tc trn mt khong: y = f(x) lin tc ti mi im thuc khong .

3. Hm s lin tc trn mt on [a; b]: y = f(x) lin tc trn (a; b) v
lim+ f ( x ) = f (a), lim- f ( x ) = f (b)
xa

x b

4. Hm s a thc lin tc trn R.

Hm s phn thc, cc hm s lng gic lin tc trn tng khong xc nh ca chng.
5. Gi s y = f(x), y = g(x) lin tc ti im x0. Khi :
Cc hm s y = f(x) + g(x), y = f(x) g(x), y = f(x).g(x) lin tc ti x0.
f ( x)
Hm s y =
lin tc ti x0 nu g(x0) 0.
g( x )
6. Nu y = f(x) lin tc trn [a; b] v f(a). f(b)< 0 th tn ti t nht mt s c (a; b): f(c) = 0.
Ni cch khc: Nu y = f(x) lin tc trn [a; b] v f(a). f(b)< 0 th phng trnh f(x) = 0 c t
nht mt nghim c (a; b).
M rng: Nu y = f(x) lin tc trn [a; b]. t m = min f ( x ) , M = max f ( x ) . Khi vi mi T
[ a;b]
[ a;b]
(m; M) lun tn ti t nht mt s c (a; b): f(c) = T.
Bai 1: Xt tnh lin tc ca hm s ti im c ch ra:
x+3 -2
khi x 1

khi x 1 tai x = -1
b) f ( x ) = x - 1
tai x = 1
1
khi x = 1
khi x = 1
4
x -5
2 - 7x + 5x2 - x3
khi x > 5

khi
x

2
f (x) = x2 - 3x + 2
tai x = 2 d) f ( x ) = 2 x - 1 - 3
tai x = 5
2
1

khi x = 2

( x - 5) + 3 khi x 5
x -1
1 - cos x khi x 0
khi x < 1

f) f ( x ) = 2 - x - 1
tai x = 1
f ( x) =
tai x = 0
khi x > 0
x +1
-2 x
khi x 1
Tm m, n hm s lin tc ti im c ch ra:
x3 - x2 + 2x - 2
x2

khi x < 1 tai x = 1

khi x 1 tai x = 1
b) f (x) =
f ( x) =
x -1
2
mx
3
khi
x

3x + m
khi x = 1
m
khi x = 0
x 2 - x - 6
f ( x) =
khi x 0, x 3 tai x = 0 va x = 3
x( x - 3)
n
khi x = 3

x +3

a) f ( x ) = x - 1
-1
c)

e)
Bai 2:
a)

c)

Trang 56

Trn S Tng

d)
Bai 3:
a)

c)
Bai 4:
a)

i s 11

x2 - x - 2

khi x 2
f ( x) = x - 2
tai x = 2
m
khi x = 2
Xt tnh lin tc ca cc hm s sau trn tp xc nh ca chng:
x3 + x + 2
x2 - 3x + 4
khi x < 2
khi x -1
3

b) f ( x ) = 5
khi x = 2
f ( x) = x + 1
2 x + 1
4
khi x > 2
khi x = -1
3
x2 - 2
x2 - 4
khi x 2

khi x -2
f ( x) = x + 2
d) f ( x ) = x - 2
2 2
khi x = -2
-4
khi x = 2

Tm cc gi tr ca m cc hm s sau lin tc trn tp xc nh ca chng:

x2 + x
x2 - x - 2
khi x < 1

khi
x

2
f ( x) = x - 2
b) f ( x ) = 2
khi x = 1

m
khi x > 1
khi x = 2
mx + 1

x3 - x 2 + 2 x - 2
x2

khi x 1
c) f ( x ) =
d)
f
(
x
)
=

x -1
2 mx - 3

3 x + m
khi x = 1
Bai 5: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau c 3 nghim phn bit:
a) x 3 - 3 x + 1 = 0
b) x 3 + 6 x 2 + 9 x + 1 = 0
Bai 6: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau lun c nghim:
a) x 5 - 3 x + 3 = 0

b) x 5 + x - 1 = 0

khi x < 1
khi x 1

c) 2 x + 6 3 1 - x = 3
c) x 4 + x 3 - 3 x 2 + x + 1 = 0

Bai 7: Chng minh rng phng trnh: x 5 - 5 x 3 + 4 x - 1 = 0 c 5 nghim trn (2; 2).
Bai 8: Chng minh rng cc phng trnh sau lun c nghim vi mi gi tr ca tham s:
a) m( x - 1)3 ( x - 2) + 2 x - 3 = 0

b) x 4 + mx 2 - 2 mx - 2 = 0

c) a( x - b)( x - c) + b( x - c)( x - a) + c( x - a)( x - b) = 0 d) (1 - m 2 )( x + 1)3 + x 2 - x - 3 = 0

e) cos x + m cos 2 x = 0
f) m(2 cos x - 2) = 2 sin 5 x + 1
Bai 9: Chng minh cc phng trnh sau lun c nghim:
a) ax 2 + bx + c = 0 vi 2a + 3b + 6c = 0

b) ax 2 + bx + c = 0 vi a + 2b + 5c = 0

c) x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0
1
Bai 10: Chng minh rng phng trnh: ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lun c nghim x 0; vi a 0
3
v 2a + 6b + 19c = 0.

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i s 11

Trn S Tng

CHNG V
O HM

1. nh ngha o hm ti mt im
Cho hm s y = f(x) xc nh trn khong (a; b) v x0 (a; b):
f(x) - f(x 0 )
Dy
= lim
x x 0
D
x

0
x x0
Dx

f '(x 0 ) = lim

(Dx = x x0, Dy = f(x0 + Dx) f(x0)

Nu hm s y = f(x) c o hm ti x0 th n lin tc ti dim .

2. ngha ca o hm
ngha hnh hc:
+ f (x0) l h s gc ca tip tuyn ca th hm s y = f(x) ti M ( x 0 ; f(x 0 ) ) .

+ Khi phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s y = f(x) ti M ( x 0 ; f(x 0 ) ) l:

y y0 = f (x0).(x x0)
ngha vt l:
+ Vn tc tc thi ca chuyn ng thng xc nh bi phng trnh s = s(t) ti thi im
t0 l v(t0) = s(t0).
+ Cng tc thi ca in lng Q = Q(t) ti thi im t0 l I(t0) = Q(t0).
3. Qui tc tnh o hm

( x ) =

(C)' = 0

(x) = 1

(xn) = n.xn1 n N

(u v) = u v

(uv) = uv + vu

u uv - vu
(v 0)
=
v
v2

(ku) = ku

n >1

1
2 x

1
v
=- 2
v
v

o hm ca hm s hp: Nu u = g(x) c o hm ti x l ux v hm s y = f(u) c o

hm ti u l yu th hm s hp y = f(g(x) c o hm ti x l: yx = yu.ux
4. o hm ca hm s lng gic
sin x
= 1;
x 0 x

lim

(sinx) = cosx
5. Vi phn
dy = df(x) = f (x).Dx
6. o hm cp cao

sin u(x)
= 1 (vi lim u(x) = 0 )
x x 0 u(x)
x x 0
( tan x ) = 1
(cosx) = sinx
cos2 x
lim

( cot x ) = - 1

sin 2 x

f(x 0 + Dx) f(x 0 ) + f (x 0 ).Dx

f ''(x) = [ f '(x)] ; f '''(x) = [ f ''(x)] ; f (n) (x) = f (n -1) (x) (n N, n 4)

ngha c hc:
Gia tc tc thi ca chuyn ng s = f(t) ti thi im t0 l a(t0) = f(t0).

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Trn S Tng

i s 11

VN 1: Tnh o hm bng nh ngha

tnh o hm ca hm s y = f(x) ti im x0 bng nh ngha ta thc hin cc bc:
B1: Gi s Dx l s gia ca i s ti x0. Tnh Dy = f(x0 + Dx) f(x0).
Dy
.
Dx 0 Dx

B2: Tnh lim

Bai 1: Dng nh ngha tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau ti im c ch ra:

b) y = f(x) = 3 - 2x ti x0 = 3
a) y = f(x) = 2x2 - x + 2 ti x 0 = 1
2x + 1
ti x0 = 2
x -1

c) y = f(x) =

d) y = f(x) = sin x

e) y = f(x) = 3 x ti x0 = 1

f) y = f(x) =

1
2x - 3

p
6

x2 + x + 1
ti x0 = 0
x -1

Bai 2: Dng nh ngha tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:

a) f(x) = x 2 - 3x + 1
b) f(x) = x3 - 2x
d) f(x) =

ti x0 =

e) f(x) = sin x

c) f(x) = x + 1, (x > - 1)
f) f(x) =

1
cos x

VN 2: Tnh o hm bng cng thc

tnh o hm ca hm s y = f(x) bng cng thc ta s dng cc qui tc tnh o hm.
Ch qui tc tnh o hm ca hm s hp.
Bai 1: Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:
1
3

2
- x + x x.
3
x

a) y = 2x 4 - x3 + 2 x - 5

b) y =

d) y = (x2 - 1)(x 2 - 4)(x 2 - 9)

e) y = (x 2 + 3x)(2 - x)

f) y =

c) y = (x3 - 2)(1 - x2 )

1 + x - x2

g) y =

3
2x + 1

h) y =

2x + 1
1 - 3x

i) y =

k) y =

x 2 - 3x + 3
x -1

l) y =

2x 2 - 4x + 1
x-3

m) y =

Bai 2: Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:

2

a) y = (x + x + 1)
d) y =

(x + 1)2
(x - 1)3

2 5

b) y = (1 - 2x )
e) y =

1
(x 2 - 2x + 5)2

x +1
- 1
x

1 - x + x2
2x 2
x 2 - 2x - 3

2x + 1
c) y =

x -1

f) y = ( 3 - 2x 2 )

Bai 3: Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:

a) y = 2x 2 - 5x + 2

b) y = x 3 - x + 2

d) y = (x - 2) x 2 + 3

e) y =

g) y =

x3
x -1

4x + 1
x2 + 2

h) y = (x - 2)3
Trang 59

c) y = x + x
f) y =

4 + x2
x
3

i) y = (1 + 1 - 2x )

i s 11

Trn S Tng

Bai 4: Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:

sin x
a) y =

1 + cos x

b) y = x.cos x

c) y = sin3 (2x + 1)

d) y = cot 2x

e) y = sin 2 + x2

f) y = sin x + 2x

g) y = (2 + sin 2 2x)3

h) y = sin ( cos2 x tan2 x )

i) y = 2sin 2 4x - 3 cos3 5x

x +1

x -1

k) y = cos2

2
3

1
5

l) y = tan 2x + tan3 2x + tan 5 2x

Bai 5: Cho n l s nguyn dng. Chng minh rng:

a) (sin n x.cos nx)' = n sin n -1 x.cos(n + 1)x b) (sin n x.sin nx)' = n.sin n -1 x.sin(n + 1)x
c) (cosn x.sin nx)' = n.cosn -1 x.cos(n + 1)x d) (cosn x.cos nx)' = - n.cosn -1 x.sin(n + 1)x

1.
2.

3.

4.

VN 3: Phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ca hm s y = f(x)

Phng trnh tip tuyn ti im M(x0, y0) (C) l: y - y 0 = f '(x 0 )(x - x 0 ) (*)
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C), bit tip tuyn c h s gc k:
+ Gi x0 l hnh ca tip im. Ta c: f (x 0 ) = k ( ngha hnh hc ca o hm)
+ Gii phng trnh trn tm x0, ri tm y 0 = f(x 0 ).
+ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn theo cng thc (*)
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn (d) vi (C), bit (d) i qua im A(x1, y1) cho trc:
+ Gi (x0 , y0) l tip im (vi y0 = f(x0)).
+ Phng trnh tip tuyn (d): y - y 0 = f '(x 0 )(x - x 0 )
(d) qua A (x1 , y1 ) y1 - y 0 = f '(x 0 ) (x1 - x 0 ) (1)
+ Gii phng trnh (1) vi n l x0, ri tm y 0 = f(x 0 ) v f '(x 0 ).
+ T vit phng trnh (d) theo cng thc (*).
Nhc li: Cho (D): y = ax + b. Khi :
+ (d) ( D) k d = a

+ (d) ^ ( D) k d = -

1
a

Bai 1: Cho hm s (C): y = f(x) = x2 - 2x + 3. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C):
a) Ti im thuc (C) c honh x0 = 1.
b) Song song vi ng thng 4x 2y + 5 = 0.
c) Vung gc vi ng thng x + 4y = 0.
d) Vung gc vi ng phn gic th nht ca gc hp bi cc trc ta .
Bai 2: Cho hm s y = f(x) =

2 - x + x2
(C).
x -1

a) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M(2; 4).

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn c h s gc k = 1.
Bai 3: Cho hm s y = f(x) =

3x + 1
(C).
1- x

a) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im A(2; 7).

b) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti giao im ca (C) vi trc honh.
c) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti giao im ca (C) vi trc tung.
d) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn song song vi ng thng
Trang 60

Trn S Tng

i s 11
1
2

d: y = x + 100 .
e) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng
D: 2x + 2y 5 = 0.
Bai 4: Cho hm s (C): y = x3 - 3x 2 .
a) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im I(1, 2).
b) Chng minh rng cc tip tuyn khc ca th (C) khng i qua I.
Bai 5: Cho hm s (C): y = 1 - x - x2 . Tm phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C):
1
2

a) Ti im c honh x0 = .
b) Song song vi ng thng x + 2y = 0.

VN 4: Tnh o hm cp cao
/

1. tnh o hm cp 2, 3, 4, ... ta dng cng thc: y(n) = ( y(n -1) )

2. tnh o hm cp n:
Tnh o hm cp 1, 2, 3, ..., t d on cng thc o hm cp n.
Dng phng php quy np ton hc chng minh cng thc ng.
Bai 1: Cho hm s f(x) = 3(x + 1) cos x .
p
2

a) Tnh f '(x),f ''(x)

b) Tnh f ''(p), f '' ,f ''(1)

Bai 2: Tnh o hm ca cc hm s n cp c ch ra:

x -3
, y''
x+4

a) y = cos x, y'''

b) y = 5x 4 - 2x3 + 5x 2 - 4x + 7, y''

c) y =

d) y = 2x - x 2 , y''

e) y = x sin x, y''

f) y = x tan x, y''

g) y = (x 2 + 1)3 ,y''

h) y = x 6 - 4x3 + 4, y (4)

i) y =

Bai 3: Cho n l s nguyn dng. Chng minh rng:

1
a)

1+ x

(n)

( -1)n n!
(1 + x)

n +1

b) (sin x)(n) = sin x +

n.p

1
, y(5)
1- x

c) (cos x)(n) = cos x +

Bai 4: Tnh o hm cp n ca cc hm s sau:

1
x+2
1- x
d) y =
1+ x

a) y =

b) y =

1
x 2 - 3x + 2

e) y = sin2 x

Bai 5: Chng minh cc h thc sau vi cc hm s c ch ra:

a) y = x sin x

xy''- 2(y'- sin x) + xy = 0

y = x tan x
2
2
2
x y''- 2(x + y )(1 + y) = 0

c)

2
b) y = 2x - x

3
y y''+ 1 = 0

x -3
y =
d) x + 4
2y2 = (y - 1)y''

Trang 61

c) y =

x
x2 - 1

f) y = sin 4 x + cos4 x

n.p

i s 11

Trn S Tng
VN 5: Tnh gii hn dng lim

x x 0

sin u(x)
u(x)

Ta s dng cc cng thc lng gic bin i v s dng cng thc

lim

x x 0

sin u(x)
= 1 (vi lim u(x) = 0 )
x x 0
u(x)

Bai 1: Tnh cc gii hn sau:

sin 3x
x 0 sin 2x

a) lim

e) lim

b) lim

1 - cos x
x2

x 0

1 + sin x - cos x

f) lim

x 0 1 - sin x - cos x

x 0

c) lim
x

tan 2x
sin 5x

p
2

1 - sin x
p

- x
2

g) lim - x tan x
p 2

x
2

cos x - sin x
p
cos2x
x

d) lim

p
sin x -

6
h) lim
p 3
x
- cos x
6
2

VN 6: Cc bi ton khc
Bai 1: Gii phng trnh f '(x) = 0 vi:
a) f(x) = 3cos x - 4sin x + 5x

b) f(x) = cos x + 3 sin x + 2x - 1

c) f(x) = sin2 x + 2 cos x

d) f(x) = sin x -

3p + x
2
Bai 2: Gii phng trnh f '(x) = g(x) vi:

cos 4x cos 6x
4
6

e) f(x) = 1 - sin( p + x) + 2 cos

f) f(x) = sin 3x - 3 cos3x + 3(cosx - 3 sin x)

a) f(x) = sin 3x

b) f(x) = sin 2x

g(x) = sin 6x

g(x) = 4 cos2x - 5sin 4x

2 x
f(x) = 4x cos 2
d)
g(x) = 8cos x - 3 - 2x sin x

x
f(x) = 2x 2 cos2
2
g(x) = x - x 2 sin x

c)

Bai 3: Gii bt phng trnh f '(x) > g'(x) vi:

a) f(x) = x 3 + x - 2, g(x) = 3x 2 + x + 2 b) f(x) = 2x3 - x 2 + 3, g(x) = x 3 +
2
x

c) f(x) = , g(x) = x - x3
Bai 4: Xc nh m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x R:
a) f '(x) > 0 vi f(x) =

mx3
- 3x 2 + mx - 5
3

b) f '(x) < 0 vi f(x) =

mx3 mx 2
+ (m + 1)x - 15
3
2

Trang 62

x2
- 3
2

Trn S Tng

thi Tt nghip i hc

I. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC

THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Tm nghim thuc khong (0; 2 p ) ca phng trnh:

cos3 x + sin 3 x
5 sin x +
= cos 2 x + 3
1 + 2 sin 2 x

p
p
x
=
x - 12 + mp

1
3 .
. PT 5cos x = 2 cos 2 x + 3 cos x =
HD: iu kin:
7
p
5
2
x
x = p
+ np

12

3
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 3 x - cos2 4 x = sin 2 5 x - cos2 6 x

p
x = k 9
HD: PT cos x.sin 9 x.sin 2 x = 0 sin 2 x.sin 9 x = 0
.
x = k p

2
Bai 3. (H 2002D) Tm x thuc on [0; 14] nghim ng phng trnh:
cos 3 x - 4 cos 2 x + 3 cos x - 4 = 0
p
3p
5p
7p
HD: PT 4 cos2 x (cos x - 2) = 0 cos x = 0 x = ; x =
;x =
;x =
.
2
2
2
2
2sin x + cos x + 1
Bai 4. (H 2002Adb1) Cho phng trnh:
= a (a l tham s).
sin x - 2 cos x + 3
1
1. Gii phng trnh khi a = .
3
2. Tm a phng trnh c nghim.
HD:

x
Bai 5. (H 2002Adb2) Gii phng trnh: tan x + cos x - cos2 x = sin x 1 + tan x.tan .

2
HD:
Bai 6. (H 2002Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: tan 4 x + 1 =

HD:
Bai 7. (H 2002Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:

( 2 - sin2 2 x ) sin 3 x
cos 4 x

sin 4 x + cos 4 x 1
1
= cot 2 x .
5sin 2 x
2
8sin 2 x

HD:
Bai 8. (H 2002Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:

1
8cos2 x

HD:
Bai 9. (H 2002Ddb2) Xc nh m phng trnh:

= sin x .

2 ( sin 4 x + cos 4 x ) + cos 4 x + 2 sin 2 x - m = 0

p
c t nht mt nghim thuc on 0; .
2
HD:
cos 2 x
1
Bai 10. (H 2003A) Gii phng trnh: cot x - 1 =
+ sin 2 x - sin 2 x .
1 + tan x
2
Trang 63

 thi Tt nghip i hc
HD:

Trn S Tng

iu kin: sin x 0, cos x 0, tan x 1 .

p
+ kp .
4
2
Bai 11. (H 2003B) Gii phng trnh: cot x - tan x + 4sin 2 x =
.
sin 2 x
p
sin x 0
HD: iu kin:
. PT 2 cos2 2 x - cos 2 x - 1 = 0 x = + kp .
cos
x

0
3

x p
x
Bai 12. (H 2003D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 - tan 2 x - cos2 = 0 .
2
2 4
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 .
x = p + k 2p
PT (1 - sin x )(1 + cos x )(sin x + cos x ) = 0
.
p
x = - + kp

4
PT (cos x - sin x )(1 - sin x.cos x + sin 2 x ) = 0 x =

Bai 13. (H 2003Adb1) Gii phng trnh: cos 2 x + cos x ( 2 tan 2 x - 1) = 2 .

HD:
Bai 14. (H 2003Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 3 - tan x ( tan x + 2 sin x ) + 6 cos x = 0 .
HD:
Bai 15. (H 2003Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 3 cos 4 x - 8 cos6 x + 2 cos2 x + 3 = 0 .

HD:
Bai 16. (H 2003Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:

( 2 - 3 ) cos x - 2sin2 x - p
2 cos x - 1

4 = 1.

HD:

cos2 x ( cos x - 1)
Bai 17. (H 2003Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
= 2(1 + sin x ) .
sin x + cos x
HD:
2 cos 4 x
Bai 18. (H 2003Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: cot x = tan x +
.
sin 2 x
HD:
Bai 19. (H 2004B) Gii phng trnh: 5sin x - 2 = 3(1 - sin x ) tan 2 x .

p
x = + k 2p

6
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT 2sin 2 x + 3sin x - 2 = 0
.
5
p
x =
+ k 2p

6
Bai 20. (H 2004D) Gii phng trnh: (2 cos x - 1)(2sin x + cos x ) = sin 2 x - sin x .

p
x = 3 + k 2p
HD: PT (2 cos x - 1)(sin x + cos x ) = 0
.
p
x = - + kp

Bai 21. (H 2004Adb1) Gii phng trnh: 4 ( sin3 x + cos3 x ) = cos x + 3sin x .

HD:
Bai 22. (H 2004Adb2) Gii phng trnh:

1 - sin x + 1 - cos x = 1 .

HD:

Bai 23. (H 2004Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos x +

Trang 64

p
1
1
=
.
+
4 sin x cos x

Trn S Tng

thi Tt nghip i hc

HD:
Bai 24. (H 2004Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 4 x .sin 7 x = cos3 x .cos 6 x .
HD:
Bai 25. (H 2004Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2sin x. cos 2 x + sin 2 x.cos x = sin 4 x. cos x .
HD:
Bai 26. (H 2004Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin x + sin 2 x = 3(cos x + cos 2 x ) .

HD:
Bai 27. (H 2005A) Gii phng trnh: cos2 3 x.cos 2 x - cos2 x = 0 .

p
.
2
Bai 28. (H 2005B) Gii phng trnh: 1 + sin x + cos x + sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 0 .

p
x = - 4 + kp
.
HD: PT (sin x + cos x )(2 cos x + 1) = 0
x = 2p + k 2p

p
p 3
Bai 29. (H 2005D) Gii phng trnh: cos 4 x + sin 4 x + cos x - sin 3 x - - = 0 .

4
4 2
p
HD: PT sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x - 2 = 0 x = + kp .
4
Bai 30. (H 2005Adb1) Tm nghim trn khong (0; p ) ca phng trnh:

x
3p
4sin 2 - 3 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 cos2 x .
2

p
5p
17p
5p
HD: PT cos 2 x + = cos(p - x ) x =
;x=
; x=
.

6
18
18
6

p
Bai 31. (H 2005Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos3 x - - 3 cos x - sin x = 0 .

4
HD: PT 2 cos2 4 x + cos 4 x - 3 = 0 x = k

HD: PT cos3 x + sin 3 x + 3cos2 x.sin x + 3cos x.sin 2 x - 3cos x - sin x = 0

Xt 2 trng hp:
cos x = 0
p
a) Nu cos x = 0 th PT 3
x = + kp .
2
sin x - sin x = 0
b) Nu cos x 0 th ta chia 2 v ca PT cho cos3 x .
p
cos x 0
Khi : PT
x = + kp .
tan
x
=
1
4

Vy: PT c nghim: x =

p
p
+ kp hoc x = + kp .
2
4

Bai 32. (H 2005Bdb1) Gii phng trnh : sin x.cos 2 x + cos2 x ( tan 2 x - 1) + 2sin3 x = 0 .

p
x = + k 2p

6
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1 = 0
.
5
x = p + k 2p

6
p

cos 2 x - 1
Bai 33. (H 2005Bdb2) Gii phng trnh : tan + x - 3tan 2 x =
2

cos2 x
p
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT tan3 x = -1 x = - + kp .
4
Trang 65

 thi Tt nghip i hc

Trn S Tng

3p

sin x
tan
- x+
=2 .
2
1 + cos x

p
x = 6 + k 2p
HD: iu kin: sin x 0 . PT 2sin x = 1
.
x = 5p + k 2p

6
Bai 35. (H 2005Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 2 = 0 .

p
x = + k 2p
6

sin
x
=
5

x = p + k 2p
2
.
HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(sin x - cos x - 1) = 0

6
sin x - p = 2

4 2
x = 2 + k 2p
= +
x p k 2p
Bai 34. (H 2005Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:

Bai 36. (H 2006A) Gii phng trnh:

2 ( cos6 x + sin 6 x ) - sin x. cos x

2 - 2sin x

=0.

2
p
. PT 3sin 2 2 x + sin 2 x - 4 = 0 x = + kp .
2
4
5p
+ 2mp .
i chiu iu kin, kt lun PT c nghim: x =
4

x
Bai 37. (H 2006B) Gii phng trnh: cot x + sin x 1 + tan x .tan = 4 .

2
x
HD: iu kin: sin x 0, cos x 0, cos 0 .
2

p
x = 12 + kp
cos x sin x
1
PT
+
= 4 sin 2 x =
.
sin x cos x
2
x = 5p + kp
12

Bai 38. (H 2006D) Gii phng trnh: cos 3 x + cos 2 x - cos x - 1 = 0 .

x = kp
2
HD: PT sin x (2 cos x + 1) = 0
.
2p
+ k 2p
x =
3

HD: iu kin: sin x

Bai 39. (H 2006Adb1) Gii phng trnh:

HD: PT cos 4 x =

cos3 x.cos3 x - sin 3 x.sin 3 x =

2+3 2
.
8

2
p
p
x = +k .
2
16
2

p
2sin 2 x - + 4sin x + 1 = 0 .

6
x = kp
)
3 cos x + sin x + 2 = 0
.
7p
+ k 2p
x =

Bai 40. (H 2006Adb2) Gii phng trnh:

HD: PT sin x (

( 2sin2 x - 1) tan2 2 x + 3 ( 2 cos2 x - 1) = 0 .

p
p
iu kin: cos 2 x 0 . PT cos 2 x ( tan 2 2 x - 3 ) = 0 x = + k .

Bai 41. (H 2006Bdb1) Gii phng trnh:

HD:

Bai 42. (H 2006Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:

6
2
cos 2 x + (1 + 2 cos x )(sin x - cos x ) = 0 .

Trang 66

Trn S Tng

thi Tt nghip i hc

p
x = 4 + kp

p
HD: PT (sin x - cos x )(cos x - sin x + 1) = 0 x = + k 2p .

2
x = p + k 2p
cos3 x + sin 3 x + 2 sin 2 x = 1 .

p
x = - 4 + kp
HD: PT (cos x + sin x )(1 - cos x )(sin x + 1) = 0 x = k 2p
.
x = - p + k 2p

Bai 43. (H 2006Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:

4sin3 x + 4sin 2 x + 3sin 2 x + 6 cos x = 0 .

p
x = - + k 2p

2
.
HD: PT (sin x + 1)(-2 cos2 x + 3cos x + 2) = 0
2
p
x =
+ k 2p
3

Bai 44. (H 2006Ddb2) Gii phng trnh:

Bai 45. (H 2007A) Gii phng trnh:

(1 + sin2 x ) cos x + (1 + cos2 x ) sin x = 1 + sin 2 x

p
x = - 4 + kp

p
HD: PT (sin x + cos x )(1 - sin x )(1 - cos x ) = 0 x = + k 2p .

2
x = k 2p
2sin 2 2 x + sin 7 x - 1 = sin x .

p
p
x = 8 + k 4

p
2p
HD: PT cos 4 x ( 2sin 3 x - 1) = 0 ) x = + k
.

18
3

5p
2p
x = 18 + k 3

Bai 46. (H 2007B) Gii phng trnh:

x
x
Bai 47. (H 2007D) Gii phng trnh: sin + cos + 3 cos x = 2 .

2
2

p
x = 2 + k 2p

p 1
HD: PT 1 + sin x + 3 cos x = 2 cos x - =

6 2
x = - p + k 2p

6
1
1
= 2 cot 2 x .
Bai 48. (H 2007Adb1) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + sin x 2 sin x sin 2 x
p
p
HD: iu kin sin 2 x 0 . PT cos 2 x ( 2 cos2 x + cos x + 1) = 0 x = + k .
4
2
Bai 49. (H 2007Adb2) Gii phng trnh:
2 cos2 x + 2 3 sin x cos x + 1 = 3(sin x + 3 cos x ) .

p
p
2p
HD: PT 2 cos2 x - - 3cos x - = 0 x =
+ kp .

6
3
5x p
x p
3x
Bai 50. (H 2007Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin
- - cos - = 2 cos
2
2 4
2 4
Trang 67

 thi Tt nghip i hc

Trn S Tng

p
2p
x = 3 + k 3

3x
p
p
HD: PT cos 2 cos x + + 2 = 0 x = + k 2p .
2
4

x = p + k 2p
sin 2 x cos 2 x
+
= tan x - cot x .
cos x
sin x
p
HD: iu kin: sin 2 x 0 . PT cos x = - cos 2 x x = + k2p .
3

p
Bai 52. (H 2007Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 sin x - cos x = 1
12

Bai 51. (H 2007Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:

p
p
p
p
5p
HD: PT sin 2 x - = cos = sin
x = + kp hay x = + kp .
4
3
12
12
12

Bai 53. (H 2007Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: (1 tan x )(1 + sin 2 x ) = 1 + tan x .

p
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT (cos x + sin x )(cos 2 x - 1) = 0 x = - 4 + kp .
=
x kp
7p

1
1
Bai 54. (H 2008A) Gii phng trnh:
+
= 4 sin
- x.
4

sin x

3p
sin x

3p
HD: iu kin: sin x 0, sin x 0.
2

p
x = - 4 + kp

1
p
PT (sin x + cos x )
+ 2 2 = 0 x = - + kp

8
sin x cos x

5p
x = 8 + kp
sin3 x - 3 cos3 x = sin x cos2 x - 3 sin 2 x cos x .
p
p
p
HD: PT cos 2 x ( sin x + 3 cos x ) = 0 x = + k ; x = - + kp .
4
2
3
Bai 56. (H 2008D) Gii phng trnh: 2sin x (1 + cos 2 x ) + sin 2 x = 1 + 2 cos x .
Bai 55. (H 2008B) Gii phng trnh:

2p
p
+ k 2p ; x = + kp .
3
4
Bai 57. (H 2008Adb1) Tm nghim trn khong (0; p ) ca phng trnh:

x
3p
4sin 2 - 3 cos 2 x = 1 + 2 cos2 x .
2

p
HD: PT -2 cos x = 3 cos 2 x - sin 2 x cos 2 x + = cos (p - x )
6

HD: PT (2 cos x + 1)(sin 2 x - 1) = 0 x =

5p
2p
7p
+k
hay x = + h2p
18
3
6
5p
17p
5p
Do x (0; p ) nn ch chn x =
; x=
; x=
.
18
18
6

x=

Trang 68

Trn S Tng

thi Tt nghip i hc

Bai 58. (H 2008Adb2) Gii phng trnh:

p
2 2 cos3 x - - 3 cos x - sin x = 0 .

HD: PT cos3 x + sin 3 x + 3cos2 x.sin x + 3cos x.sin 2 x - 3cos x - sin x = 0

Xt 2 trng hp:
cos x = 0
p
x = + kp .
a) Nu cos x = 0 th PT 3
2
sin x - sin x = 0
b) Nu cos x 0 th ta chia 2 v ca PT cho cos3 x .
p
cos x 0
Khi : PT
x = + kp .
4
tan x = 1
p
p
Vy: PT c nghim: x = + kp hoc x = + kp .
2
4

Bai 59. (H 2008Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin x cos 2 x + cos2 x ( tan 2 x - 1) + 2 sin 3 x = 0 .

p
+ kp .
2
p
5p
PT 2sin 2 x + sin x - 1 = 0 x = + k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p .
6
6
p

cos 2 x - 1
2
Bai 60. (H 2008Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: tan + x - 3tan x =
.
2

cos2 x
p
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 . PT tan3 x = -1 x = - + kp .
4
3p

sin x
tan
- x+
= 2.
Bai 61. (H 2008Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
2
1 + cos x

p
x = 6 + k 2p
HD: iu kin: sin x 0 . PT (cos x + 1)(2 sin x - 1) = 0
.
5
p
x =
+ k 2p
6

Bai 62. (H 2008Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 2 = 0

1
sin x = 2
HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(sin x - cos x - 1) = 0
sin x - p = 2

4 2
p
5p
p
x = + k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p ; x = + k 2p ; x = p + k 2p .
6
6
2
(1 - 2sin x ) cos x
Bai 63. (H 2009A) Gii phng trnh:
= 3.
(1 + 2sin x )(1 - sin x )
1
HD: iu kin: sin x 1, sin x - .
2

p
p
PT cos x - 3 sin x = sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x cos x + = cos 2 x -

6
p
2p
x = - +k
.
18
3
HD: iu kin: cos x 0 x

Bai 64. (H 2009B) Gii phng trnh:

sin x + cos x.sin 2 x + 3 cos 3 x = 2 ( cos 4 x + sin 3 x ) .

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 thi Tt nghip i hc

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p
x = - 6 + k 2p

p
.
HD: PT sin 3 x + 3 cos3 x = 2 cos 4 x cos 3 x - = cos 4 x
p
2
p

6
x =
+k

42
7
3 cos 5 x - 2 sin 3 x cos 2 x - sin x = 0 .

p
p
x
=
+
k

3
1
p
18
3 .
HD: PT
cos 5 x - sin 5 x = sin x sin - 5 x = sin x
p
3

2
2
x = - + k p

6
2

p
(1 + sin x + cos 2 x )sin x +

4 = 1 cos x
Bai 66. (H 2010A) Gii phng trnh:
1 + tan x
2
HD: iu kin: cos x 0; 1 + tan x 0 .

Bai 65. (H 2009D) Gii phng trnh:

p
7p
+ k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p .
6
6
Bai 67. (H 2010B) Gii phng trnh: (sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) cos x + 2 cos 2 x - sin x = 0 .
p
p
HD: PT (sin x + cos x + 2) cos 2 x = 0 x = + k .
4
2
Bai 68. (H 2010D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2 x - cos 2 x + 3sin x - cos x - 1 = 0 .
p
5p
HD: PT (2 sin x - 1)(cos x + sin x + 2) = 0 x = + k 2p ; x =
+ k 2p .
6
6
Bai 69. (H 2011A)
1.
HD:
PT sin x + cos 2 x = 0 x = -

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thi Tt nghip i hc

II. T HP XC SUT
THI TT NGHIP
Bai 1. (TN 2002) C bao nhiu s t nhin chn c bn ch s i mt khc nhau?

S: 2296
Bai 2. (TN 2003) Gii h phng trnh cho bi h thc sau:
S: ( x = 8; y = 3) .

C xy+1 : C xy +1 : Cxy -1 = 6 : 5 : 2

Bai 3. (TN 2004) Gii bt phng trnh (vi hai n l n, k N):

Pn+ 4

(n - k )!

60A kn++ 23 .

k n
S: BPT
(n + 5)(n + 4)(n - k + 1) 60
+ Xt vi n 4: BPT v nghim.
+ Xt vi n {0, 1, 2, 3} c cc nghim (n; k) l: (0; 0), (1; 0), (1; 1), (2; 2), (3; 3).
5
Bai 4. (TN 2005) Gii bt phng trnh, n n thuc tp s t nhin: Cnn+-21 + Cnn+2 > An2 .
2
S: n 2.
Bai 5. (TN 2006kpb) Tm h s ca x 5 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca (1 + x )n , nN*,

bit tng tt c cc h s trong khai trin trn bng 1024.

5
S: C10
= 252 .
4
5
6
k
Bai 6. (TN 2007kpb) Gii phng trnh: Cn + Cn = 3Cn+1 (trong Cn l s t hp chp k

ca n phn t).
S: n = 6.
Bai 7. (TN 2007kpbln 2) Gii phng trnh: 3Cn3 + 2Cn2 = 3 An2 (trong Ank l s chnh

hp chp k ca n phn t, Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

S: n = 6.
Bai 8. (TN 2008kpb) Gii bt phng trnh:

(n2 - 5)Cn4 + 2Cn3 2 An3 (trong Ank l s

chnh hp chp k ca n phn t, Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

S: n = 4; n = 5.
Bai 9. (TN 2008kpbln 2) Tm h s ca x 7 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca

(2 x - 1)10 .
3
S: -27 C10
.

Bai 10. (TN 2011)

S:

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THI I HC
Bai 1. (H 2002A) Cho khai trin nh thc:

x -1
2 2

-x
+2 3

( )

x -1
0
= Cn 2 2

( ) ( )

x -1
1
+ Cn 2 2

n -1

-x
23

( )( )

x -1
n -1
+ ... + Cn 2 2

-x
23

n -1

( )

-x
n
+ Cn 2 3

(n l s nguyn dng). Bit rng trong khai trin Cn3 = 5C1n , s hng th t bng 20n.
Tm n v x.
HD: n = 7; x = 4.
Bai 2. (H 2002B) Cho a gic u A1A 2 ...A 2n ni tip ng trn (O; R). Bit rng s tam
gic c cc nh l 3 trong 2n im A1 , A 2 , ... , A 2n nhiu gp 20 ln s hnh ch nht c
cc nh l 4 trong 2n im A1 , A 2 , ... , A 2n , tm n.
HD:

S tam gic l: C23n . S hnh ch nht l: Cn2 . S: n = 8.

Bai 3. (H 2002D) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho: C 0n + 2C1n + 4C2n + ... + 2 n Cnn = 243.

HD: n = 5.
Bai 4. (H 2002Adb2) Gi s n l s nguyn dng v (1 + x )n = a0 + a1 x + ... + an x n . Bit

rng tn ti s k nguyn dng (1 k n 1) sao cho

ak -1
2

ak
9

ak +1
24

, hy tnh n.

HD:
Bai 5. (H 2002Bdb2) Tm s n nguyn dng tho bt phng trnh An3 + 2Cnn-2 9n

(trong Ank , Cnk ln lt l s chnh hp v s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD:
Bai 6. (H 2002Ddb1) Gi a1 , a2 ,..., a11 l cc h s trong khai trin sau:
( x + 1)10 ( x + 2) = x11 + a1 x10 + a2 x 9 + ... + a11 .
Hy tnh h s a5 .
HD:
Bai 7. (H 2002Ddb2) i tuyn hc sinh gii ca mt trng gm 18 em, trong c 7
hc sinh khi 12, 6 hc sinh khi 11 v 5 hc sinh khi 10. Hi c bao nhiu cch c 8
hc sinh trong i i d tri h sao cho mi khi c t nht mt em c chn.
HD:
Bai 8. (H 2003A) Tm h s ca s hng cha x 8 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca
n

1
n+1
n
5
3 + x , bit rng: Cn+ 4 - Cn+3 = 7(n + 3) (trong n l s nguyn dng, x > 0,
x

Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD:

4
C12
= 495 .

Bai 9. (H 2003B) Cho n l s nguyn dng. Tnh tng

S=

Cn0

22 - 1 1 23 - 1 2
2 n +1 - 1 n
+
Cn +
Cn + ... +
C .
2
3
n +1 n

( Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

2

HD:

S dng khai trin ca (1 + x )n . Tnh (1 + x )n dx . S: S =

1

Trang 72

3n+1 - 2 n+1
.
n +1

Trn S Tng

thi Tt nghip i hc

Bai 10. (H 2003D) Vi n l s nguyn dng, gi a3 n -3 l h s ca x 3 n -3 trong khai trin

thnh a thc ca ( x 2 + 1)n ( x + 2)n . Tm n a3n -3 = 26 n .

HD: Ta c: ( x 2 + 1)n = Cn0 x 2 n + Cn1 x 2 n-2 + Cn2 x 2 n-4 + ... + Cnn
( x + 2)n = Cn0 x n + 2Cn1 x n-1 + 22 Cn2 x n-2 + ... + 2 n Cnn
+ Kim tra n = 1, n = 2: khng tho iu kin bi ton.
+ Vi n 3 th x 3n-3 = x 2 n x n-3 = x 2 n- 2 x n -1 h s ca x 3 n-3 trong khai trin
thnh a thc ca ( x 2 + 1)n ( x + 2)n l: a3n -3 = 23.Cn0 .Cn3 + 2.C1n .Cn1 .
T : a3n -3 = 26 n n = 5.
Bai 11. (H 2003Adb1) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin

m mi s c 6 ch s khc nhau v ch s 2 ng cnh ch s 3 ?

HD:
Bai 12. (H 2003Adb2) C bao nhiu s t nhin chia ht cho 5 m mi s c 4 ch s khc
nhau ?
HD:
Bai 13. (H 2003Bdb1) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin,
mi s c 6 ch s v tho mn iu kin: Su ch s ca mi s l khc nhau v trong
mi s tng ca ba ch s u nh hn tng ca ba ch s cui mt n v ?
HD:
Bai 14. (H 2003Bdb2) T mt t gm 7 hc sinh n v nm hc sinh nam cn chn ra 6 em
trong s hc sinh n phi nh hn 4. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nh vy ?
HD:
Bai 15. (H 2003Ddb1) T 9 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 c th lp c bao nhiu s t
nhin chn m mi s gm 7 ch s khc nhau ?
HD:
Bai 16. (H 2003Ddb2) Tm s t nhin n tho mn: Cn2Cnn-2 + 2Cn2Cn3 + Cn3Cnn-3 = 100 .

( Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD:
Bai 17. (H 2004A) Tm h s ca x8 trong khai trin thnh a thc ca [1 + x 2 (1 - x )]8 .

HD: Khai trin [1 + x 2 (1 - x )]8 . Xc nh c a8 = C83 .C32 + C84 .C40 = 168 + 70 = 238 .
Bai 18. (H 2004B) Trong mt mn hc, thy gio c 30 cu hi khc nhau gm 5 cu hi

kh, 10 cu hi trung bnh, 15 cu hi d. T 30 cu hi c th lp c bao nhiu

kim tra, mi gm 5 cu hi khc nhau, sao cho trong mi nht thit phi c 3
loi cu hi (kh, trung bnh, d) v s cu hi d khng t hn 2 ?
2 2 1
2 1 2
3 1 1
HD: Chia thnh nhiu trng hp. S: C15
C10C5 + C15
C10C5 + C15
C10C5 = 56875 .

Bai 19. (H 2004D) Tm cc s hng khng cha x trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca

3
1
x+4
x

vi x > 0.

HD: C74 = 35 .
Bai 20. (H 2004Adb1) Cho tp A gm n phn t, n 7. Tm n, bit rng s tp con gm 7

phn t ca tp A bng hai ln s tp con gm 3 phn t ca t A.

HD:
Bai 21. (H 2004Adb2) Cho tp A gm n phn t, n > 4. Tm n, bit rng trong s cc tp
con ca A c ng 16n tp con c s phn t l s l.
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HD:
Bai 22. (H 2004Bdb1) Bit rng (2 + x )100 = a0 + a1 x + ... + a100 x100 . Chng minh rng

a2 < a3 . Vi gi tr no ca k th ak < ak +1 (0 k 99) ?

HD:
Bai 23. (H 2004Bdb2) Gi s (1 + 2 x )n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + an x n . Tm n v s ln nht

trong cc s a0 , a1 , a2 ,..., an , bit rng a0 + a1 + a2 + ... + an = 729 .

HD:
n

1
Bai 24. (H 2004Ddb1) Bit rng trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca x + tng cc h
x

s ca hai s hng u tin bng 24, tnh tng cc h s ca cc s hng cha x k vi k >
0 v chng minh rng tng ny l mt s chnh phng.
HD:
Bai 25. (H 2004Ddb2) C bao nhiu s t nhin tho mn dng thi ba iu kin sau: gm
ng 4 ch s i mt khc nhau; l s chn; nh hn 2158 ?
HD:
Bai 26. (H 2005A) Tm s nguyn dng n sao cho:
C21n +1 - 2.2C22n+1 + 3.22 C23n+1 - 4.23 C24n +1 + ... + (2 n + 1).2 2 n C22nn++11 = 2005
( Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).
HD: S dng khai trin ca (1 + x )2 n+1 . Ly o hm hai v, ri thay x = 2.
S: n = 1002.
Bai 27. (H 2005B) Mt i thanh nin tnh nguyn c 15 ngi, gm 12 nam v 3 n. Hi
c bao nhiu cch phn cng i thanh nin tnh nguyn v gip 3 tnh min ni,
sao cho mi tnh c 4 nam v 1 n.
HD:

4
C31C12
.C21C84 .C11C44 = 207900 .

Bai 28. (H 2005D) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc M =

An4+1 + 3A3n
(n + 1)!

Cn2+1 + 2Cn2+2 + 2Cn2+3 + Cn2+ 4 = 149

, bit rng:

(*)

(n l s nguyn dng, Ank , Cnk ln lt l s chnh hp v s t hp chp k ca n phn

t).
3
HD: T (*) n = 5. Vy M = .
4
Bai 29. (H 2005Adb1) Tm h s ca x 7 trong khai trin a thc (2 - 3 x )2 n , trong n l
+1
k
s nguyn dng tha mn: C12n+1 + C32n+1 + C52n+1 + ... + C2n
2n+1 = 1024 (*) ( C n l s t
hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD: S dng khai trin ca (1 + x )2 n+1 . Ln lt cho x = 1 v x = 1.

Tnh c C21n +1 + C23n+1 + C25n+1 + ... + C22nn++11 = 22 n 2n = 10.
3 7 3
Suy ra h s ca x 7 l -C10
3 .2 .

Bai 30. (H 2005Adb2) Tm k 0,1,2,...,2005 sao cho C2005 t gi tr ln nht. ( C n l

s t hp chp k ca n phn t)

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thi Tt nghip i hc

C k C k +1
2005 (k N) k 1002 k = 1002 hay k = 1003
HD:
ln nht 2005
k
k
k -1
1003
C2005 C2005
Bai 31. (H 2005Bdb1) Tm s nguyn n ln hn 1 tha mn ng thc:
2Pn + 6A 2n - Pn A 2n = 12
k
C2005

( Pn l s hon v ca n phn t v A nk l s chnh hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD: PT (6 - n!) [ n(n - 1) - 2 ] = 0 n = 3 hay n = 2.

Bai 32. (H 2005Bdb2) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t

nhin, mi s gm 6 ch s khc nhau v tng cc ch s hng chc, hng trm, hng

ngn bng 8.
HD: a3 + a4 + a5 = 8 a3 , a4 , a5 {1,2,5} hoc a3 , a4 , a5 {1,3, 4} .
S: 720 + 720 = 1440 (s).
Bai 33. (H 2005Ddb1) Mt i vn ngh c 15 ngi gm 10 nam v 5 n. Hi c bao
nhiu cch lp mt nhm ng ca gm 8 ngi, bit rng trong nhm phi c t nht 3
n.
5
4
3
HD: C53C10
+ C54C10
+ C55C10
= 3690 cch.

Bai 34. (H 2005Ddb2) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s t

nhin, mi s gm 5 ch s khc nhau v nht thit phi c 2 ch 1, 5 ?

HD: Thc hin 2 bc:
+ Bc 1: xp 2 s 1, 5 vo 2 trong 5 v tr, c: A52 = 20 cch.
+ Xp 3 trong 5 s cn li vo 3 v tr cn li, c: A53 = 60 cch.
S: 20.60 = 1200 s.
Bai 35. (H 2006A) Tm h s ca s hng cha x 26 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca
n

1
k
n
1
2
20
7
4 + x , bit rng C2 n +1 + C2 n+1 + ... + C2 n+1 = 2 - 1 . (n nguyn dng, ( C n l s t
x

hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD: + T gi thit C20n +1 + C21n+1 + C22n+1 + ... + C2nn+1 = 2 20

(1)

+ V C2kn +1 = C22nn++11-k , "k, 0 k 2n+1 nn:

C20n +1 + C21n+1 + C22n+1 + ... + C2nn+1 =

1 0
C2 n+1 + C22n+1 + ... + C22nn++11
2

(2)

+ T khai trin ca (1 + 1)2 n+1 suy ra:

C20n +1 + C21n+1 + ... + C22nn++11 = (1 + 1)2 n+1 = 22 n+1

(3)

+ T (1), (2), (3) suy ra: 22 n = 220 n = 10.

6
+ Suy ra h s ca x 26 l: C10
= 210 .

Bai 36. (H 2006B) Cho tp hp A gm n phn t (n 4). Bit rng s tp con gm 4 phn t

bng 20 ln s tp con gm 2 phn t ca A. Tm k {1, 2, 3, , n} sao cho s tp con

gm k phn t ca A l ln nht.
HD: T gi thit suy ra: Cn4 = 20Cn2 n = 18.
Do

k +1
C18
k
C18

18 - k
9
10
18
1
2
9
< 1 k 9, nn C18
> C18
> ... > C18
C18
< C18
< ... < C18
.
k +1

Vy s tp con gm k phn t ca A l ln nht khi v ch khi k = 9.

Bai 37. (H 2006D) i thanh nin xung kch ca mt trng ph thng c 12 hc sinh, gm
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5 hc sinh lp A, 4 hc sinh lp B v 3 hc sinh lp C. cn chn 4 hc sinh i lm nhim

v, sao cho 4 hc sinh ny thuc khng qu 2 trong 3 lp trn. Hi c bao nhiu cch
chn nh vy ?
HD: Dng phng php loi tr.
4
+ S cch chn 4 hc sinh t 12 hc sinh cho l: C12
= 495 .
+ S cch chn 4 hc sinh m mi lp c t nht 1 em l:

C52C41C31 + C51C42C31 + C51C14C32 = 270

+ S cch chn phi tm l: 495 270 = 225.
Bai 38. (H 2006Adb1) p dng khai trin nh thc Niutn ca ( x 2 + x )100 , chng minh

rng:

0 1
100C100

99

100
1 1
- 101C100

198
99 1
+ ... - 199C100

199
100 1
+ 200C100

=0.

( C kn l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

1
HD: Ly o hm hai v, cho x = - , ri nhn hai v vi 1, ta c pcm.
2
Bai 39. (H 2006Adb2) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin c
5 ch s khc nhau? Tnh tng ca tt c cc s t nhin .
HD: S cc s t nhin cn tm l: 96 s. Chia thnh nhiu trng hp.
+ C 24 s dng a4 a3 a2 a1 0 ; 18 s dng a4 a3 a2 a11; 18 s dng a4 a3 a2 a1 2 ;
18 s dng a4 a3 a2 a1 3 ; 18 s dng a4 a3 a2 a1 4
Tng cc ch s hng n v l: 18(1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = 180.
Tng cc ch s hng chc l:
1800
Tng cc ch s hng trm l:
18000
Tng cc ch s hng nghn l:
180000
+ C 24 s dng 1a3a2 a1a0 ; 24 s dng 2a3 a2 a1a0 ; 24 s dng 3a3 a2 a1a0 ;
24 s dng 4a3 a2 a1a0
Tng cc ch s hng chc nghn l: 24(1 + 2 + 3 + 4).10000 = 2400000
+ Vy tng 96 s l: 180 + 1800 + 18000 + 180000 + 2400000 = 2599980
Bai 40. (H 2006Bdb1) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s chn,
mi s c 5 ch s khc nhau, trong c ng 2 ch s l v 2 ch s l ng cnh
nhau ?
HD: S cch chn hai trong ba ch s l ng cnh nhau l: A32 = 6 cch. Xem 2 s l
ng cnh nhau l mt phn t x. Vy mi s cn lp gm phn t x v 3 trong 4 ch s
chn 0, 2, 4, 6. Chia thnh nhiu trng hp.
S: 6(18 + 18 + 24) = 360 s.
Bai 41. (H 2006Bdb2) Cho 2 ng thng song song d1 v d2. Trn ng thng d1 c 10
im phn bit, trn ng thng d2 c n im phn bit (n 2). Bit rng c 2800 tam
gic c nh l cc im cho. Tm n.
HD: S tam gic c 1 nh thuc d1, 2 nh thuc d2 l: 10Cn2 .
2
S tam gic c 1 nh thuc d2, 2 nh thuc d1 l: nC10
.
2
T gi thit: 10Cn2 + nC10
=2800, suy ra n = 20.

Bai 42. (H 2006Ddb1) Mt lp c 33 hc sinh, trong c 7 n. Cn chia lp hc thnh 3

t, t 1 c 10 hc sinh, t 2 c 11 hc sinh, t 3 c 12 hc sinh sao cho trong mi t c t

nht 2 hc sinh n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chia nh vy ?
HD: Chia thnh nhiu trng hp theo s hc sinh n.
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thi Tt nghip i hc

7 2 9
8 3 8
8 2 9
S: C73C26
C4 C19 + C72C26
C5 C18 + C72C26
C5 C18 .

Bai 43. (H 2006Ddb2) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t

nhin chn c 5 ch s khc nhau v mi s lp c u nh hn 25000 ?

HD: Chia thnh nhiu trng hp. S: 240 + 48 + 72 = 360 s.
Bai 44. (H 2007A) Chng minh rng:

1 1 1 3 1 5
1
2 2n - 1
C2n + C2 n + C2 n + ... + C22nn-1 =
2
4
6
2n
2n + 1

(n l s nguyn dng, Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD: Ta c:

(1 + x )2 n = C20n + C21n x + ... + C22nn x 2 n

(1 - x )2 n = C20n - C21n x + ... + C22nn x 2 n

(1 + x )2 n - (1 - x )2 n = 2 C21n x + C23n x 3 + ... + C22nn-1x 2 n-1

1

1
(1 + x )2 n - (1 - x )2 n
dx
C21n x + C23n x 3 + ... + C22nn-1 x 2 n-1 dx
=

2
0
0

22 n - 1 1 1 1 3 1 5
1
= C2 n + C2 n + C2 n + ... + C22nn-1
2n + 1 2
4
6
2n

Bai 45. (H 2007B) Tm h s ca s hng cha x10 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca

(2 + x )n , bit 3n Cn0 - 3n-1Cn1 + 3n -2 Cn2 - 3n-3 Cn3 + ... + (-1)n Cnn = 2048
(n l s nguyn dng, Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).
HD: Ta c: 3n Cn0 - 3n-1C1n + 3n -2 Cn2 - 3n-3 Cn3 + ... + (-1)n Cnn = (3 - 1)n = 2 n .
T gi thit suy ra n = 11.
10 1
H s ca s hng cha x10 trong khai trin ca (2 + x )11 l: C11
.2 = 22 .

Bai 46. (H 2007D) Tm h s ca x 5 trong khai trin thnh a thc ca:

x(1 - 2 x )5 + x 2 (1 + 3 x )10
HD: H s ca x 5 trong khai trin ca x (1 - 2 x )5 l: (-2)4 C54 .
3
H s ca x 5 trong khai trin ca x 2 (1 + 3 x )10 l: 33 C10
.
3
H s ca x 5 trong khai trin ca x (1 - 2 x )5 + x 2 (1 + 3 x )10 l: (-2)4 C54 + 33 C10

Bai 47. (H 2007Adb1) C bao nhiu s t nhin chn ln hn 2007 m mi s gm 4 ch

s khc nhau?
HD: Gi s s cn lp l n = a1a2 a3a4 > 2007. Xt hai trng hp a4 = 0 v a4 0.
S: 448 + 1568 = 2016 s.
Bai 48. (H 2007Adb2) Trn cc cnh AB, BC, CD, DA ca hnh vung ABCD ln lt cho
1, 2, 3 v n im phn bit khc A, B, C, D. Tm n bit s tam gic c ba nh ly t
n + 6 im cho l 439.
HD: Vi n 2 th n + 6 8. S tam gic to thnh khng vt qu C83 = 56 < 439
(loi). Vy n 3.
S tam gic to thnh l: Cn3+6 - C33 - Cn3 = 439 n = 10.
A2 + C 3 = 22

y
Bai 49. (H 2007Bdb1) Tm x, y N tha mn h: x3
.
2
+
=
66
A
C
y
x

HD: (x = 4; y = 5).
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 thi Tt nghip i hc

Trn S Tng

Bai 50. (H 2007Bdb2) Tm h s ca x 8 trong khai trin nh thc Niutn ca ( x 2 + 2)n ,

bit: An3 - 8Cn2 + C1n = 49 .

HD: T gi thit tm c n = 7. Suy ra h s ca x 8 l: C74 23 = 280 .
Bai 51. (H 2007Ddb1) Chng minh vi mi s n nguyn dng lun c:

nC 0n - (n - 1)C1n + ... + (- 1)n - 2 C nn - 2 + (- 1)n -1 C nn -1 = 0

HD: S dng khai trin ca ( x - 1)n . Ly o hm hai v, ri cho x = 1 ta c pcm.

Bai 52. (H 2007Ddb2) T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t
nhin chn m mi s gm 4 ch s khc nhau.
HD: 120 + 300 = 420 s.
Bai 53. (H 2008A) Cho khai trin (1 + 2 x )n = a0 + a1 x + ... + an x n , trong n N v cc h

s a0 , a1 ,..., an tho mn h thc a0 +

a1
2

+ ... +

a0 , a1 ,..., an .

an

2n

= 4096 . Tm s ln nht trong cc s

HD: t f(x) = (1 + 2 x )n = a0 + a1 x + ... + an x n a0 +

a
a1
1
+ ... + n = f = 2 n .
2
2
2n

T gi thit suy ra: 2 n = 4096 n = 12.

k
k +1
Vi mi k {0, 1, 2, , 11} ta c ak = 2k C12
, ak +1 = 2 k +1C12

Gi s:

k
2 k C12
ak
k +1
23
<1
<1
<1 k <
.
k +1
ak +1
2(12 - k )
3
2 k +1 C12

M k Z k 7. Do a0 < a1 < ... < a8 .

Tng t,

ak
> 1 k > 7 . Do a8 > a9 > ... > a12 .
ak +1

8
= 126720 .
Vy s ln nht trong cc s a0 , a1 ,..., an l a8 = 28 C12

Bai 54. (H 2008B) Chng minh rng

n +1 1
1 1
k + k +1 = k (n, k l cc s nguyn
n+2 C
n+1 Cn+1 Cn

dng, k n, Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD:

n +1 1
1
k !(n - k )! 1
=
.
k + k +1 ==
k
n+2 C
n!
C
C
n+1
n
n+1

Bai 55. (H 2008D) Tm s nguyn dng n tho mn h thc C21n + C23n + ... + C22nn -1 = 2048

( Cnk l s t hp chp k ca n phn t).

HD: Ta c:

0 = (1 - 1)2 n = C20n - C21n + ... - C22nn -1 + C22nn

22 n = (1 + 1)2 n = C20n + C21n + ... + C22nn-1 + C22nn

C21n + C23n + ... + C22nn-1 = 22 n-1 .

T gi thit suy ra: 22 n-1 = 2048 n = 6.
Bai 56. (H 2008Adb1) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t
nhin, mi s gm 6 ch s khc nhau v tng cc ch s hng chc, hng trm, hng
ngn bng 8.
HD: 720 + 720 = 1440 s.
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Trn S Tng

thi Tt nghip i hc

Bai 57. (H 2008Adb2) Tm h s ca x7 trong khai trin a thc (2 - 3 x )2 n , trong n l

s nguyn dng tha mn: C21n +1 + C23n+1 + C25n+1 + ... + C22nn++11 = 1024 ( Cnk l s t hp
chp k ca n phn t).
HD: S dng khai trin ca (1 + x )2 n+1 . Ln lt cho x = 1 v x = 1.
Tnh c C21n +1 + C23n+1 + C25n+1 + ... + C22nn++11 = 22 n 2n = 10.
3 7 3
Suy ra h s ca x 7 l -C10
3 .2 .

Bai 58. (H 2008Bdb1) Mt i vn ngh c 15 ngi gm 10 nam v 5 n. Hi c bao

nhiu cch lp mt nhm ng ca gm 8 ngi bit rng trong nhm phi c t nht 3
n.
5
4
3
HD: C53C10
+ C54C10
+ C55C10
= 3690 cch.

Bai 59. (H 2008Bdb2) T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s t

nhin, mi s gm 5 ch s khc nhau v nht thit phi c 2 ch 1, 5 ?

HD: Thc hin 2 bc:
+ Bc 1: xp 2 s 1, 5 vo 2 trong 5 v tr, c: A52 = 20 cch.
+ Xp 3 trong 5 s cn li vo 3 v tr cn li, c: A53 = 60 cch.
S: 20.60 = 1200 s.
k
k
Bai 60. (H 2008Ddb1) Tm k {0,1,2,...,2005} sao cho C2005 t gi tr ln nht. ( C n l
s t hp chp k ca n phn t)
C k C k +1
k
2005 (k N) k 1002 k = 1002 hay k = 1003
HD: C2005
ln nht 2005
k 1003
k
k -1

C2005 C2005
Bai 61. (H 2008Ddb2) Tm s nguyn n ln hn 1 tha mn ng thc:
2Pn + 6A 2n - Pn A 2n = 12
( Pn l s hon v ca n phn t v A nk l s chnh hp chp k ca n phn t).
HD: PT (6 - n!) [ n(n - 1) - 2 ] = 0 n = 3 hay n = 2.

Chn thnh cm n cc bn ng nghip v cc em hc sinh c tp ti liu ny.

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