BI TP V NIT- AMONIAC- MUI AMONI AXIT NITRIC

Cu 1.Thc hin chui phn ng sau (ghi iu kin nu c) a) (NH4)2SO4 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 NaNO3 NaNO2 b) NH4Cl NH4NO3 N2 NH3 Cu Cu(NO3)2 CuO c) NaNO3 NO NO2 NH4NO3 N2O NH3 (NH4)3PO4 d) NH3 NO NO2 KNO3 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 NH4Cl [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 Cu(OH)2 CuSO4 CuO e) NH3 NH4NO3NaNO3 NH3 Al(OH)3 KAlO2 Cu 2. Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron. a) Zn + KNO3 + NaOH Na2ZnO2 + K2ZnO2 + NH3 + H2O b) FeO + HNO3long NO + ? + ? + c) FeS + H +NO3 N2O + ? + ? d) FeS2 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4 + NO + H2O e) P + HNO3 ? + H3PO4 + ? f*) FexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O Cu 3. Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit : a) Cc dung dch : KNO3 , HNO3 ,K2SO4 , H2SO4 , KCl , HCl. b) Cc dung dch : NH3 , (NH4)2SO4 , NH4Cl ,Na2SO4 . c) Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4 , NH4NO3, K2SO4, Na2CO3, KCl. d*) Ch dng qu tm v mt kim loi hy nhn bit cc dung dch : HCl , HNO3 , NaOH , NaNO3 , AgNO3 . e*) Dng mt kim loi hy phn bit cc dung dch mui sau: NH4NO3 , (NH4)2SO4 , K2SO4, NaCl , ZnSO4 . f) Ch dng ti a hai ho cht k c H2O phn bit cc cht bt : NH4Cl ,NaCl , CaCO3 , H3PO4. g) Ch dng Cu v mt mui tu nhn bit cc dung dch : HCl , HNO3 , H2SO4 , H3PO4 . h) Ch dung mot hoa chat duy nhat nhan biet cac dung dch mat nhan sau: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, NaCl. Cu 4*. Ho tan Zn vo dung dch HNO3long d thu c dd A v hn hp kh N2 v N2O . Thm NaOHd vo dd A , thy kh c mi khai thot ra. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca tt c cc phn ng xy ra di dng phng tnh ion rt gn. Cu 5. Cho 24,6 gam hn hp Al v Cu tc dng va vi 2 lt dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 8,96 lt kh NO thot ra (kc). a) Tnh % khi lng ca Al v Cu trong hn hp. b) Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 dng. Cu 6. Ha tan 21,3 g hn hp Al v Al2O3 bng dung dch HNO3 long, va to dung dch A v 13,44 lt kh NO (ktc). a) Tnh thnh phn % v khi lng mi cht trong hh ban u. b)Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 2M dng. c) Cn cho vo dung dch A bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 31,2 g kt ta. Cu 7. Hoa tan 1,52g hon hp ran A gom sat va magie oxt vao 200ml dung dch
HNO3 1M th thu c 0,448 lt mot kh khong mau hoa nau ngoai khong kh. a. Tm thanh phan phan tram khoi lng cua moi chat co trong hh ran A. b. Tm CM cua dung dch muoi va dung dch HNO3 sau phan ng ( coi V dung dch sau phan ng khong thay oi).

Cu 8*. Cho oxit kim loi ho tr n tc dng vi HNO3 d thu c 3mg mui v 3,6 g nc (khng c sn phm khc ) . Hi l oxit ca kim loi no ? Tnh khi lng oxit phn ng ? Cu 9. T NH3 iu ch HNO3 qua 3 giai on . a) Vit phng trnh iu ch . b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 60% iu ch c t 112000 lt NH3(kc) bit Hp/ng= 80% Cu 10. Hn hp gm Fe304 ,CuO . Dng ho cht l axit HNO3 1M v cc dng c cn thit ,c th xc nh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp trn khng ? Gii thch ? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng . Cu 11. Ho tan hon ton 3,84 kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3Ld thu c 0,896 lt kh NO(kc), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan .Xc nh kim loi M v gi tr m .

Cu 12*. Cho 13,5 g Al tc dng 2 lt dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp gm NO v N2 c d hh/H2 = 14,75. a) Tnh th tch mi kh sinh ra (kc) ? b) Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO3 em dng ? Cu 13. Hn hp gm Al , Fe , Cu , khi lng 34,8 g ,c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau : - Phn 1 cho vo dd HNO3 c ,ngui th c 4,48 lt (kc) mt cht kh nu bay ra. - Phn 2 cho vo dd HCl th c 8,96 lt kh (kc) mt cht kh bay ra. Hy : Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ? Cu 14. Cho 1,92g Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra 1 cht kh A c d A/ H2 = 15 v dung dch A. a) Vit phng trnh ion rt gn v tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc. b) Tnh V dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn dng kt ta hon ton Cu2+ trong dung dch A. Cu 15*. t hon ton 4,4g mt sunfua kim loi c cng thc MS (kim loi M c ha tr +2,+3 trong cc hp cht ) trong lng oxi d .Cht rn thu c sau phn ng c ho tan trong mt lng va dung dch HNO3 37,8% .Nng % cc mui trong dung dch thu c l 41,7% a) Xc nh CTPT ca sunfua kim loi ? b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HNO3 dng ? Cu 16.Ho tan cng mt kim loi R vo dugn dch HNO3L v dung dch H2SO4long th thu c kh NO v H2 c th tch bng nhau cng iu kin v khi lng mui nitrat thu c bng 159,21% khi lng mui sunfat .Xc nh kim loi R. Cu 17. Hn hp X gm Fe v MgO .Ho tan hon ton X vo dung dch HNO3 va thu c 0,112 lt kh khng mu ho nu ngoi khng kh ( o 27,3oC ; 6,6 atm). Hn hp mui c cn cn nng 10,2g. a) Xc nh % khi lng mui trong hn hp? b) Tnh V dung dch HNO3 0,8M phn ng ? Cu 18.Cho 12g hn hp X gm Fe , Cu (c t l khi lng tng ng 7:8) bng dung dch axit HNO3 d thu c Vlt (kc) hn hp kh X gm (NO,NO ) v dung dch Y .T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19 . a) Tnh gi tr V? b) Tnh s mol axit HNO3 tham gia phn ng? Cu 19. Cho 11,7g Zn ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HNO3long d thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh X gm N2 , N2O c VX = 0,672 lt (kc).Thm NaOH d vo dung dch A ,un nng thu c kh Y, tc dng hon ton Y sinh ra cn dng ht 100ml dd HCl 0,1M . a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t , ion. b) Tnh %V tng kh trong hn hp X? Cu 20. Cho 2,16g Mg tc dng vi dd HNO3 d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (kc) v dung dch X .Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X? Cu 21. Nhit phn 9,4g mt mui nitrat ca kim loi M n khi lng khng i ,thu c cht rn nng 4g .Xc nh cng thc mui nitrat? Cu 22. Nung nng phn hu 27,3g hn hp NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 ,hn hp kh to ra dn vo 89,2 ml H2O thu c dd HNO3 v cn d 1,12 lt kh(kc) khng phn ng (Hp/ng =100% v coi nh O2 khng ho tan vo H2O ).Tnh khi lng tng mui trong hn hp u v C% dd HNO3 thu c? Cu 23. Nhit phn hon ton 34,65g hn hp gm KNO2 ,Cu(NO3)2 thu c hn hp kh X c t khi ca X i vi H2bng 18,8 . Tnh khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 c trong hn hp u ? Cu 24. Nung 15,04g Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian thy cn li 8,56g cht rn a) Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit phn? b) Xc nh thnh phn % cht rn cn li ? c) Cho kh sinh ra hp th hon ton vo 193,52g dd NaOH 3,1% c dd X .Tnh C% cht tan trong dung dch X? Cu 25. Dung dch A gm Cu(NO3)2 ,Al(NO3)3 u c nng 1M a) Cho bit dd A c mi trng axit ,baz, hay trung tnh ? Gii thch . b) Thm t t dung dch NH3 vo dd A n d th c hin tng g ? Gii thch ? Vit phng trnh dng phn t v ion rt gn ? c) C cn 1000ml dung dch A v nung cht rn n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y , cho bit khi lng cht rn Y ? II.3.30. Ho tan ht 9,6g Cu ngi ta dng mt lng va 250ml dd Axit HNO3 thu c kh NO v dd A. a- Tnh th tch kh NO sinh ra 27,3oC v 2,2atm. b- Tnh nng mol/l dd HNO3 cn dng .

c- C cn dd A ri nung nng n khi ngng bay hi. Tnh khi lng cht rn cn li sau khi nung . II.3.31. Khi ha tan 30,0g hn hp ng v ng (II) oxit trong 1,50 lt dung dch axit nitric 1,00M ( long) thy thot ra 6,72 lt nit monooxit (ktc). Xc nh hm lng phn trm ca ng (II) oxit trong hn hp, nng mol ca ng (II) nitrat v axit nitric trong dungdich5 sao phn ng, bit rng th tch dung dch khng thay i.