N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN....................................................................................1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN

1.1. Gii thiu:

Sunfua dioxit l mt hp

cht ha hc c cng thc SO2. Cht kh quan trng ny l sn phm chnh ca s t chy hp cht lu hunh v n l mt mi lo mi trng ng k. SO2 thng c m t l "mi hi ca lu hunh b t chy". N l sn phm

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

to thnh trong qu trnh ni la hot ng v mt s hot ng cng nghip khc nhau.

SO2 l loi cht nhim ph bin nht trong sn xut cng nghip

cng nh trong sinh hot ca con ngi. Ngun pht thi SO2 ch yu l t Cc trung tm nhit in, cc loi l nung, l hi khi t nhin liu than, du v kh t c cha lu hunh hoc cc hp cht lu hunh.

Ngoi ra, mt s cng on sn xut trong cng nghip ha cht,

luyn kim, cng thi vo bu kh quyn mt lng SO2 ng k. Trn th gii hng nm tiu th gn 2 t tn than cc loi v gn 1 t tn du m. Khi thnh phn lu hunh trong nhin liu trung bnh chim 1% th lng kh SO2 thi vo kh quyn l 60 triu tn/nm. l cha k lng SO2 thi ra t cc ngnh cng nghip khc.
1.2. Tnh cht:

SO2 l mt kh v c khng mu, mi kch thch mnh, khng chy, c SO2 c nhit nng chy 750C v nhit si 100C. SO2 rt bn nhit ( H0tt = - 296,9 kJ/mol). SO2 oxy ha chm trong khng kh sch, do qu trnh quang ho hay

v hng cay d ha lng, d ha tan trong nc vi nng thp.

do s xc tc kh SO2 d dng b oxy ho bin thnh SO3 trong kh quyn v ha tan trong nc to thnh axit H2SO4. hoa hng.

N c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Brom v lm mt mu cnh SO2 tan trong nc to thnh axit yu SO2 + H2O H2SO3 SO2 l cht kh khi tc dng mt cht oxi ha mnh SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4 SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2 H2SO4 SO2 l cht oxi ha khi tc dng vi cht kh mnh hn

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O SO2 + 2Mg S + 2MgO

SO2 tc dng vi nc to thnh H2SO3 nhng H2SO3 l axit yu SO2 + H2O H2SO3

1.3. Tc hi: Kh SO2, SO3 gi chung l SOx, l nhng kh thuc loi c hi khng ch i vi sc kho con ngi, ng thc vt, m cn tc ng ln cc vt liu xy dng, cc cng trnh kin trc, l mt trong nhng cht gy nhim mi trng. Trong kh quyn, kh SO2 khi gp cc cht oxy ha hay di tc ng ca nhit , nh sng chng chuyn thnh SO3 nh oxy c trong khng kh. Khi gp H2O, SO3 kt hp vi nc to thnh H2SO4. y chnh l nguyn nhn to ra cc cn ma acid ma axit n mn cc cng trnh, lm cho thc vt, ng vt b cht hoc chm pht trin, bin t ai thnh vng hoang mc . Kh SO2 gy ra cc bnh vim phi, mt, da. Nu H2SO4 c trong nc ma vi nng cao lm bng da ngi hay lm mc nt qun o. 1.3.1. i vi con ngi:

SO2 v hp cht ca SO2 l nhng cht c tnh kch thch, nng

nht nh c th gy co git c trn ca kh qun. nng ln hn s gy tng tit dch nim mc ng kh qun. Khi tip xc vi mt chng c th to thnh axit.

SOx c th xm nhp vo c th con ngi qua cc c quan h hp

hoc cc c quan tiu ha sau khi c ha tan trong nc bt. V cui cng chng c th xm nhp vo h tun hon. Khi tip xc vi bi, SOx c th to ra cc ht axit nh, cc ht ny c th xm nhp vo cc huyt mch nu kch thc ca chng nh hn 2-3 m.

SO2 c th xm nhp vo c th ca ngi qua da v gy ra cc

chuyn i ha hc, kt qu ca n l hm lng kim trong mu gim, amoniac b thot qua ng tiu v c nh hng n tuyn nc bt. Hu ht dn c

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

sng quanh khu vc nh my c nng SO2, SO3 cao u mc bnh ng h hp. Nu ht phi SO2 nng cao c th gy t vong.

c tnh ca SO2: Theo Henderson Haggard mg/m3 ppm 1.300 1.000 500 400 260 130 50 30 20 13 8 100 50 20 12 8 53

Triu chng Cht nhanh trong 30 1h Nguy him sau khi ht th 30 1h Kch ng ng h hp, ho Gii hn c tnh Gii hn ngi thy mi 1.3.2. i vi thc vt:

SOx b oxy ha ngoi khng kh v phn ng vi nc ma to thnh axit sulfuric l tc nhn chnh gy hin tng ma axit, nh hng xu n s pht trin thc vt. Khi tip xc vi mi trng c cha hm lng SO2 t 1 - 2ppm trong vi gi c th gy tn thng l cy. i vi cc loi thc vt nhy cm nh nm, a y, hm lng 0,15 - 0,30 ppm c th gy c tnh cp. 1.3.3. i vi cc cng trnh kin trc: S c mt ca SOx trong khng kh m to thnh axit l tc nhn gy n mn kim loi, b-tng v cc cng trnh kin trc. SOx lm h hng, lm thay i tnh nng vt l, lm thay i mu sc vt liu xy dng nh vi, hoa, cm thch; ph hoi cc tc phm iu khc, tng i. St, thp v cc kim loi khc trong mi trng kh m, nng v b nhim SOx th b han g rt nhanh. SOx cng lm h hng v gim tui th cc sn phm vi, nylon, t nhn to, bng da v giy...
1.4. ng dng:

Sn xut axit sunfuric Lm cht bo qun:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Kh SO2 c s dng lm cht bo qun cho hoa qu kh, do

c tnh khng khun ca n . N duy tr s ti sng v ngn nga mc nt, tuy nhin s dng cht bo qun ny cng lm cho cc loi hoa qu c hng v khc.
-

Kh SO2 c s dng trong nghnh cng nghip ch bin ru

vang. Tuy t l rt t, ng vai tr nh mt cht khng khun v chng oxy ha. Ty tng quc gia, c th cho php nng SO2 trong ru mt mc nht nh. M l 350 ppm, EU l 160 ppm v 210 ppm i vi ru vang v trng, hng. nng thp di 50 ppm SO2 khng nh hng n mi v ca ru, nhng nu nng cao hn, n cng to ra mt hng v khc.
-

SO2 cn c dng trong qu trnh v sinh thit b trong cc nh Chng nm mc. Lm tc nhn kh: ixt lu hunh cng l mt cht kh Trong

my sn xut ru .

nc, sulfur dioxide c th lam phai mu. Cho nn n thng c s dng lm cht ty qun o, ty trng giy, bt giy. Ngoi ra, n cn c s dng x l nc thi.

Lm thuc th v dung mi trong cc phng th nghim: Lu hunh

dioxit l mt dung mi tr a nng c s dng rng ri cho cc mui ha tan oxy ha cao. N cng i khi c s dng nh l mt ngun ca nhm sulfonyl trong tng hp hu c.

1.5. ngha mi trng:

Vn nhim bu kh quyn bi kh SO2 t lu tr thnh mi

him ha ca nhiu quc gia, nht l cc nc pht trin trn th gii. V nhng l do nu trn, cng ngh x l kh SO2 trong kh thi cng nghip c nghin cu rt sm v pht trin mnh m.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Ngoi tc dng lm sch bu kh quyn, bo v mi trng, x l

kh SO2 cn c ngha kinh t to ln ca n bi v SO2 thu hi c t kh thi l ngun cung cp nguyn liu cho cc nh my sn xut axit Sunfuric (H 2SO4) v lu hunh nguyn cht.
1.6. Cc phng php hp th SO2: 1.6.1.

Hp th SO2 bng nc:

Hp th SO2 bng nc l phng php n gin c p dng S h thng x l SO2 bng nc bao gm 2 giai on:

sm nht loi b kh SO2 trong kh thi.

Hp th SO2 bng cch phun nc vo dng kh thi hoc cho Gii thot kh SO2 ra khi cht hp th thu hi SO2 nu cn Qu trnh din ra theo phn ng sau: SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3Mc ha tan ca kh SO2 trong nc gim khi nhit nc tng

kh thi i qua lp vt liu m (vt liu rng ) c ti nc scrubo;

v nc sch.

cao, do nhit nc cp vo h thng hp th kh SO2 phi thp. Cn gii thot kh SO2 khi nc th nhit ca nc phi cao. C th l nhit 1000C th SO2 bc ra mt cch hon ton v trong khng kh thot ra c ln c hi nc. Bng phng php ngng t ngi ta c th thu c SO2 vi m c khong 100% dng vo mc ch sn xut axit sunfuric.

gii hp cn th cn phi un nng mt lng nc rt ln tc

phi c mt ngun cp nhit (hi nc) cng sut ln. l mt kh khn. Ngoi ra s dng li nc cho qu trnh hp th phi lm ngui nc xung gn 100C tc phi cn n ngun cp lnh. cng l vn khng n gin v kh tn km.

T nhng nhc im ni trn, phng php kh SO2 bng nc ch

p dng c khi:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Nng ban u ca kh SO2 trong kh thi tng i cao. C sn ngun cp nhit (hi nc) vi gi r. C sn ngun cp lnh. C th x c nc c t nhiu axit ra sng ngi. Trng hp kh thi giu SO2 nh trong cng on nu qung

sunfua kim loi ca cng nghip luyn kim (nng SO2 trong kh thi c th t 2 12%). Ngi ta c th x l bng nc kt hp vi qu trnh oxy ha SO2 bng cht xc tc vanadi (V).

Qu trnh cng c thc hin thnh hai giai on: Kh SO2 kt hp vi oxy nh s c mt ca cht xc tc vanadi

bin thnh anhidrit sunfuric (SO3), phn ng ny c ta nhit v xy ra cng mnh nhit cng thp, do cn thc hin qu trnh ny qua nhiu tng xc tc, sau mi tng u c lm ngui.

Dng nc ti trong scruber anhidrit sunfuric kt hp vi Hp th bng vi (CaCO3), vi nung CaO hoc vi sa

nc to thnh axit sunfuric (H2SO4).

1.6.2.

(Ca(OH)2):

X l SO2 bng vi l phng php c p dng rt rng ri trong Cc phn ng ha hc xy ra trong qu trnh x l nh sau: CaCO3 + SO2 CaCO3 + CO2 CaO + SO2 CaSO3 2CaSO3 + O2 2CaSO4

cng nghip v hiu qu x l cao, nguyn liu r tin v c sn mi ni.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

1-thp hp thu, 2- b phn tch tinh th, 3-b lc chn khng, 4,5- my bm, 6-thng trn sa vi

Hnh 1: s h thng x l SO2 bng CaCO3 v CaO

Khi thi sau khi c lc sch tro bi i vo scrubo 1,trong xy

ra qu trnh hp th kh SO2 bng dung dch sa vi ti trn lp m bng vt liu rng. Nc cha acid chy ra t scrubo c cha nhiu sunfit v canxi sunfat di dng tinh th: CaSO3.0,5H2O, CaSO4.2H2O v mt t tro bi cn st li sau b lc tro bi, do cn tch cc tinh th ni trn ra khi dung dch bng b phn tch tinh th 2. Thit b s 2 l 1 bnh rng cho php dung dch lu li 1 thi gian hnh thnh cc tinh th sunfit v sunfat canxi. Sau b phn tch tinbh th 2, dung dch 1 phn i vo ti cho Scruber, phn cn li i qua bnh lc chn khng 3, cc tinh th b gi li di dng cn bn v c thi ra ngoi. vi c p vn v nghin thnh bt v cho vo thng 6 pha trn vi dung dch long chy ra t b lc chn khng s 3 cng vi 1 lng nc b sung c dung dch sa vi mi.

Hiu qu hp th SO2 bng sa vi t 98%. Sc cn kh ng ca

h thng khng vt qu 20 mm H2O.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Nguyn liu vi c s dng mt cch hon ton, c th l cn bn

t h thng x l thi ra c th c s dng lm cht kt dnh trong xy dng sau khi chuyn sunfit thnh sunfat trong l nung. u im: cng ngh n gin, chi ph u t ban u khng ln, c th ch to thit b bng vt liu thng thng, khng cn n vt liu chng axit v khng chim nhiu din tch xy dng.
1.6.3.

Hp th SO2 bng NH3:

Amoniac v kh SO2 trong dung dch nc c phn ng vi nhau v

to ra mui trung gian amoni sunfit, sau mui amoni sunfit li tc dng tip vi SO2 v H2O to ra mui amoni bisunfit theo phn ng sau: SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O = (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 + SO2 + H2O = 2NH4HSO3

Lng bisunfit tch t dn trong dung dch c th hon nguyn bng

cch nung nng trong chn khng, kt qu thu c amoni sunfit v SO2. Amoni sunfit ny li c th s dng tip kh SO2
nung nng

2NH4HSO3

(NH4)2SO3 + SO2 + H2O

Ngoi ra trong dung dch cn c th xy ra s phn hy sunfit v 2NH4HSO3+ (NH4)2SO3 = 2(NH4)2SO4 + S + H2O

bisunfit amoni thnh sunfat amoni v lu hunh n cht theo phn ng sau: Lu hunh n cht hnh thnh theo phn ng trn n lt ca (NH4)2SO3 + S = (NH4)2S2O3 Sau thiosunfat li kt hp vi amoni bisunfit v to ra lu hunh (NH4)2S2O3+ 2NH4HSO3 = 2(NH4)2SO4 + 2S + H2O n cht nhiu gp 2 ln:

mnh li tc dng vi amoni sunfit v to ra thiosunfat:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Lu hunh n cht li tc dng vi sunfit. C nh vy tc

phn ng phn hy dung dch lm vic tng dn v dung dch lm vic s hon ton bin thnh amoni sunfat v lu hunh n cht.
-

C cc phng php x l sau: H thng x l SO2 bng NH3 theo chu trnh. H thng x l SO2 bng NH3 c chng p. H thng x l SO2 bng NH3 v vi. Hp th SO2 bng MgO: V kh nng s dng sa MgO kh SO2 khi thi c bit

1.6.4.

t lu, nhng nghin cu ng dng trong cng nhgip mi c thc hin gn y ch yu l do cc nh khoa hc cng ngh ca Lin X c.

SO2 c hp th bi oxit hydroxit magi, to thnh tinh th ngm MgO + SO2 = MgSO3 MgO + H2O = Mg(OH)2 MgSO3 + H2O + SO2 = Mg(HSO3)2 Mg(OH)2 + Mg( HSO3)2 = 2MgSO3 + 2H2O ha tan ca sunfit magi trong nc b gii hn, nn lng d T l rn: lng trong huyn ph l 1:10. pH u vo l 6,8 7,5; cn u ra l 5,5 6,0. Sunfat magi c hnh thnh do oxit ha sunfit magi. MgSO3 + O2 MgSO4

nc sunfit magi. Trong thit b hp th xy ra cc phn ng sau:

dng MgSO3.6H2O v MgSO3.3H2O ri xung thnh cn lng.

Ti sinh oxit magie trong l nung:

Than cc

MgSO3

t0=9000C

MgO + SO2

SO2 thot ra l 7-15% c lm ngui, tch bi v sng m axit

sunfuric dng sn xut axit sunfuric.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC 10

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

C cc phng php hp th sau: Phng php magie oxit kt tinh theo chu trnh. Phng php magie oxit khng kt tinh. Phng php magie oxit si bt. Phng php magie oxit kt hp vi Potas (kali cacbonat). C th lm sch kh nng m khng cn lm lnh s b. Thu c axit sunfuric. Hiu qu lm sch cao. Quy trnh cng ngh phc tp. Khng phn gii hon ton sulfat khi nung. Tn hao MgO kh nhiu. Hp th SO2 bng ZnO: X l kh SO2 bng km oxit (ZnO) cng tng t nh phng php

u im:
-

Nhc im:
-

1.6.5.

oxit magi tc l dng phn ng gia SO2 vi km oxit thu cc mui sunfit v bisunfit, sau dng nhit phn ly thnh SO2 v ZnO. nh sau: SO2 + ZnO + 2,5H2O ZnSO3.2,5H2O

Trong phng php ny, cht hp th l km oxit. Phn ng hp th

Khi nng SO2 ln: 2SO2 + ZnO + H2O Zn(HSO3)2 Sunfit km to thnh khng tan trong nc c tch ra bng ZnSO3.2,5H2O SO2 + ZnO + 2,5H2O

xyclone t v sy kh.Ti sinh ZnO bng cch nung sunfit 350oC. SO2 c ch bin tip tc, cn ZnO quay li hp th. C cc phng php hp th sau:
-

Phng php km oxit n thun. Phng php km oxit kt hp vi natri sunfit.

11

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

u im:
-

Qu trnh phn ly km sunfit ZnSO3 thnh SO2 v ZnO xy ra C kh nng x k kh nhit cao (200 250oC).

nhit thp hn ng k so vi qu trnh phn ly bng nhit i vi MgSO3.

-

Nhc im: C kh nng hnh thnh sunfit km (MgSO4) lm cho vic ti sinh ZnO bt li v kinh t nn phi tch chng ra v b sung ZnO.
1.6.6.

X l SO2 bng cc cht hp th hu c:

X l kh SO2 trong kh thi bng cc cht hp th hu c c p

dng nhiu trong cng nghip luyn kim mu. Cht hp th kh SO2 c s dng ph bin l cc amin thm nh anilin C6H5NH2, toluin CH3C6H4NH2, xyliin (CH3)2C6H3NH2, v imety-anilin C6H5N(CH3)2.
-

Qu trnh x l theo phng php trn l: Qu trnh sunfidin: Qu trnh ny c cc hng cng nghip ha

cht v luyn kim ca c nghin cu v p dng nh my luyn kim Hamburg kh SO2 trong khi thi ca l thi luyn ng. Nng ca kh trong khi thi dao ng trong phm vi 0,5 8%, trung bnh l 3,6%.Cht hp th l hn hp xylidin v nc t l 1:1.
-

Qu trnh kh SO2 bng dimetylanilin Qu trnh ASARCO: qu

trnh ny c nghin cu v p dng nhiu cc nh my luyn kim.

1.6.7.

X l SO2 bng natri cacbonat:

Nguyn tc: Na2CO3 + SO2 Na2SO3 + CO2 Na2SO3 + SO2 + H2O 2NaHSO3

Cho ZnO vo dung dch to thnh NaHCO3 + ZnO ZnSO3 + NaOH Nung ZnSO3 thu kh SO2 v ZnO dng li

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

12

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

u im:
-

Dng cht hp th c hot hp th mnh. Dng c cho cc kh vi nng SO2 bt k. Gi thnh cao nn ch ch thch hp cho h thng nh. X l SO2 bng cc cht hp ph th rn: Hp ph kh SO2 bng than hot tnh:
1.6.8.1.

Nhc im:
-

1.6.8.

Khi thi i vo thp hp th gm nhiu tng, kh SO2 c gi li

trong lp than hot tnh ca cc tng hp th, sau khi i qua cyclone lc sch tro bi trc khi thi ra kh quyn.

Than hot tnh c hon nguyn bng cch nng nhit ln 400-

450oC. Kh SO2 thot ra t qu trnh hon nguyn c nng 40-50% v t khong 96-97% lng kh SO2 c trong khi thi. Sau khi hon nguyn than hot tnh c sn chn li loi b Kh thot ra t qu trnh hon nguyn ngoi SO2 cn c mt s loi
1.6.8.2.

phn than qu vn nt v b sung thm than mi a ln hp ph tr li.

kh khc nh: H2S l 2-4%, lu hunh l 0,1-0,3%. Hp ph kh SO2 bng than hot tnh c ti nc qu trnh LURGI:

Theo phng php ny kh thi c lm cho bo ha hi nc

nhit di 100oC i qua lp than hot tnh c ti nc lm m trong thit b hp ph. Kh SO2 b gi li trong lp than hot tnh v oxy ha thnh SO3 nh c oxy trong kh thi. Tip theo, SO3 kt hp vi nc bin thnh axit sunfuric H2SO4 v theo nc chy vo thng cha. Axit sunfuric thu c trong thng cha vi nng 20-25%.

H thng th nghim ban u vi lu lng khi thi 1000-1500

m3/h. Nng ban u ca SO2 trong khi khi t nhin liu mazut l 0,1-0,15%.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

13

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Hiu qu kh SO2 t 98-99%. Cht hp ph lm vic trong hn 3 nm lin tc m hot tnh ca n khng h b gim st.
1.6.8.3.

X l SO2 bng nhm oxit kim ha:

Qu trnh x l kh SO2 bng nhm oxit kim ha c da trn tnh cht hp ph ca hn hp nhm oxit (Al2O3) v natri oxit (Na2O)vi thnh phn natri oxit chim 20% khi lng hn hp. Trong qu trnh hp ph, kh SO2 b oxy ha, sau tc dng vi cc oxit kim loi bin thnh sunfat. Cht hp ph bo ha c hon nguyn bng kh tr nhit 600-650oC.
1.6.8.4.

X l SO2 bng Mangan oxit:

C 2 phng php tiu biu ca qu trnh x l SO2 bng Mangan

oxit l qu trnh Mangan c nghin cu p dng M v qu trnh DAR Mangan do hng Mitsubishi ca Nht Bn xut.

Trong qu trnh Mangan ca M, cht hp ph c s dng l

Mangan oxit (Mn2O3) dng ht c lm kh trong khng kh v trong chn khng nhit 300-400oC. Qu trnh DAR-Mangan ca hng Mitsubishi s dng cht hp ph l hn hp ca mt s oxit c gi l oxit Mangan hot tnh. Cht hp ph thu c bng cch dng amoniac x l Mangan sunfat v tip theo l oxy ha hydrat bng oxy trong khng kh v hi nc: MnSO4 + 2NH4OH Mn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 Mn(OH)2 + 0,5iO2 + n(n-1)H2O MnO1+i.nH2O Trong : i = 0,5-0,8 v n = 0,1-1,0
1.6.8.5.

X l SO2 bng vi v dolomit trn vo than nghin

Qu trnh t nhin liu than nghin c trng bt vi v dolomit

kh kh SO2 mi c p dng trong nhng nm gn y v hin nay vn ang c tip tc nghin cu hon thin.

Phn ng gia vi (CaO) v dolomit (CaCO3.MgCO3) vi SO2 xy ra 2CaO + 2 SO2 +O2 2CaSO4

nh sau:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

14

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

2CaCO3.MgCO3 + 2SO2 + O2 2[CaSO4 + MgO] + 4CO2

Phn ng gia vi v SO2 xy ra mnh nht nhit 760-1040oC, Phng php ny l s kt hp gia qu trnh chy vi qu trnh kh

cn phn ng gia dolomit v SO2 nhit 600-1200oC.

kh SO2 thnh 1 qu trnh thng nht trong bung t ca l m khng i hi phi lp t thm nhiu thit b ph tr khc.

Trong mt s trng hp khc, ngi ta cn dng vi di dng va

(30% cht rn trong nc theo khi lng) v phun vo dng khi thi trong thit b gi l bung sy kh kiu phun t trn ng khi ca l. Kh SO2 trong khi thi kt hp vi Ca(OH)2 theo phn ng: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O

CaSO3 b oxy ha rt nhanh bng oxy c mt trong khi thi v to CaSO3 + O2 CaSO4

thnh CaSO4:

C canxi sunfit v canxi sunfat u rt t ha tan trong nc. Khi cc

git va c lm kh bng nhit ca khi thi, chng s tr thnh nhng ht rn c nhiu l rng v c tch Ra khi khi thi trong thit b lc bi. Ngi ta gi l phng php ra kh t-kh hn hp bng vi. 1.7. Cc loi thit b hp th: 1.7.1. Thp rng: L thp c c cu phun cht lng bng c hc hay bng p sut trong cht lng c phun thnh nhng git nh trong th tch rng ca thit b v cho dng kh i qua. Thp phun c s dng khi yu cu tr lc b v kh c cha ht rn.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

15

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

1.7.2. Thp m: 1.7.2.1. S cu to: Cu to gm: thn thp rng bn trong y m lm t vt liu khc nhau (g, nha, kim loi, gm,...) vi nhng hnh dng khc nhau (tr, cu, tm, yn nga, l xo,...); li m, ng dn kh v lng vo ra.

phn phi u cht lng ln khi m cha trong thp, ngi ta

dng b phn phn phi dng: li phn phi (lng i trong ng kh ngoi ng; lng v kh i trong cng ng); mng phn phi, vi phun hoa sen (dng tr, bn cu, khe); bnh xe quay (ng c l, phun quay, ) ...

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

16

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

tch.

Cc phn t m c c trng bng: ng knh d, chiu cao h,

b dy . i vi m tr, h = d cha c nhiu phn t nht trong 1 n v th Khi m c c trng bng cc kch thc: b mt ring a (m2/

m3); th tch t do (m3/m3); ng knh tng ng d (t) = 4r(thy lc) = 4.S/n = 4 /a; tit din t do S (m2/m3) . Khi chn m cn lu : thm t tt cht lng; tr lc nh, th tch t do v v tit din ngang ln; c th lm vic vi ti trng ln ca lng v kh khi v S ln; khi lng ring nh; phn phi u lng; c tnh chu n mn cao, r tin, d kim... lm vic vi cht lng bn nn chn m cu c khi lng ring nh. 1.7.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng:

Cht lng chy trong thp theo m di dng mng nn b mt Thp m lm vic ngc chiu c cc ch thy ng lc sau:

tip xc pha l b mt thm t ca m. Ch mng OA: khi mt ti khng ln, tc kh nh, Ch hm AB: t A tng tc kh s lm tng ma st ca

cht lng chy thnh mng theo b mt m, kh i khe gia cc mng. trong m tng. Khi tng tc kh lm tng xoy o mng lng trn m nn Ch nh tng BC: Kh-lng to thnh h nh tng khng tng cng qu trnh truyn khi. bn 2 pha lin tc-gin on ca kh-lng i vai tr cho nhau lin tc, lm tng dngkh vi b mt lng v km hm s chy ca mng lng, lng lng gi li

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

17

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

b mt tip xc pha v cng truyn khi ln cc i, ng thi tr lc thy lc cng tng nhanh; ch ny duy tr rt kh mc d cng truyn khi ln. Ch cun theo: qu gii hn sc, nu tng tc kh, ton b Hiu ng thnh thit b (channeling effect): Cht lng c xu hng cht lng s b gi li trong thp v cun ngc tr ra theo dng kh.

chy t tm ra thnh thit b, gy gim hiu sut do tip xc pha km. Khc phc bng cch:

Nu chiu cao m ln hn 5 ln ng knh m th chia m Chn d/ = ng knh m/ng knh thp = 1/15 1/8. Xp m: nu d < 50mm: ln xn, d > 50mm: xp th t. Ti lng v phun kh ngay t u. 1.7.2.3. u nhc im - ng dng: u im: cu to n gin; tr lc theo pha kh (hot ng ch Nhc im: hot ng km n nh, hiu sut thp; d b sc; ng dng:

thnh tng on; gia cc on m t b phn phn phi li cht lng.

mng/qu ) nh.

kh tch nhit, kh thm t.

Dng trong cc trng hp nng sut thp: thp hp th kh, thp Dng trong cc h thng tr lc nh (nh h thng ht chn Thp mm:

chng ct,...

khng,...)
1.7.3.

1.7.3.1. S cu to: Thp a thng cu to gm thn hnh tr thng ng, bn trong c t cc tm ngn (a) cch nhau mt khong nht nh. Trn mi a hai pha chuyn ng ngc hoc cho chiu:lng t trn xung (hoc i ngang), kh i

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

18

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

t di ln hoc xuyn qua cht lng chy ngang; y tip xc pha xy ra theo tng bc l a.Ty thuc cu to ca a cht lng trn a c th l khuy l tng hay l dng chy qua.

Thp a c ng chy chuyn: bao gm thp a, chp, l, xupap,

li,...Trn a c cu to c bit lng i t a trn xung a di theo ng ring gi l ng chy chuyn, a cui cng ng chy chuyn ngp su trong khi cht lng y thp to thnh van thy lc ngn khng cho kh (hi hay lng) i theo ng ln a trn.

Pha kh (hi hay lng) xuyn qua cc l, khe chp, khe li,hay khe

xupap sc vo pha lng trn a. phn phi u cht lng ngi ta dng tm ngn iu chnh chiu cao mc cht lng trn a.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

19

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Thp a khng c ng chy chuyn: khi kh (hi hay lng) v

lng i qua cng mt l trn a.

1.7.3.2. u nhc im v ng dng:

Thp a l: u im l kt cu kh n gin, tr lc tng i

thp, hiu sut kh cao. Tuy nhin khng lm vic c vi cht lng bn, khong lm vic hp hn thp chop (v lu lng kh).

Thp chp: c th lm vic vi t trng ca kh, lng thay i mnh,

kh n nh. Song c tr lc ln, tiu tn nhiu vt t kim loi ch to, kt cu phc tp. Ni chung thp chop c hiu sut cao hn thp a l.

Thp xupap: dng trong chng ct du m. B mt tip xc pha l b mt cht lng chy thnh mng theo b

1.7.4. Thp mng:

mt vt rn thng l thng ng. B mt vt rn c th l ng, tm song song hoc m tm. 1.7.4.1. Thp mng dng ng: C cu to tng t thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm, gm c ng to mng c gi bng hai v ng hai u, khong khng gia ng v
X L KH SO2 BNG NC 20

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

v thit b tch khi cn thit. Cht lng chy thnh mng theo thnh ng t trn xung, cht kh (hi) i theo khong khng gian trong mng cht lng t di ln. 1.7.4.2. Thp mng dng tm phng: Cc tm m t dng thng ng c lm t nhng vt liu khc nhau (kim loi, nha, vi cng treo trn khung...) t trong thn hnh tr. m bo thm t u cht lng t c 2 pha tm m ta dng dng c phn phi c bit c cu to rng ca. 1.7.4.3. Thp mng dng ng khi lng v kh i cng chiu:

Cng c cu to t cc ng c nh trn 2 v, kh i qua thn gm cc

ng phn phi tng ng t ng trc vi ng to mng. Cht lng i vo ng to mng qua khe gia 2 ng. Khi tc kh ln s ko theo cht lng t di ln chuyn ng di dng mng theo thnh ng to mng. Khi cn tch nhit c th cho tc nhn lnh i vo khong khng gian gia v v ng. nng cao hiu sut ngi ta dng thit b nhiu bc ging nhau. Thy ng lc trong thit b dng mng:

Khi Re < 300 chy mng , b mt pha nhn trn. Khi 300 < Re < 1600 chy mng bt u c gn sng. Khi Re > 1600 chy ri.

Khi c dng kh chuyn ng ngc chiu s nh hng ln n

ch chy ca mng. Khi , do lc ma st gia kh v lng s c cn tr mnh ca dng kh lm b dy mng tng ln, tr lc dng kh tng. Tip tc tng vn tc dng kh s dn n cn bng gia trng lc ca mng lng v lc ma st v dn n ch sc (nhiu khi pha kh ch 3-6m/s xy ra sc). Khi tc vt qua tc sc s lm ko cht lng theo pha kh ra ngoi.
1.7.4.4. u v nhc im ca thp mng:

u im:
-

Tr lc theo pha kh nh.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

21

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

C th bit c b mt tip xc pha (trong trng hp cht C th thc hin trao i nhit.

lng chy thnh mng).

Nhc im:
-

Nng sut theo pha lng nh. Cu to phc tp, khi vn hnh d b sc. Trong phng th nghim. Trong trng hp c nng sut thp. Trong nhng h thng cn tr lc thp (h thng ht chn

ng dng:
-

khng,...).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

22

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

CHNG 2: S CNG NGH

Chn phng php x l SO2: hp th bng H2O. V tnh cht nc sau hp th khng c cn ( nc sau hp th l H2SO3) nn chn thp hp th bng thp m. SO2 l cht kh kh hp th nhit cao (>60oC), do phi gii nhit kh thi trc khi cho vo thp hp th. 2.1. S cng ngh.

BN CAO V

B CHA NC

B TRUNG HA

1-Vt liu m; 2-Bm;

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

23

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

S hp th SO2 bng nc

2.2.

Thuyt minh s cng ngh: Nc b cha c bm ln bn cao v. Ti y nc c dn

vo thp bng mt ng ng khc. Nc c phun t trn thp xung tri u trn lp vt liu m thng qua h thng vi phun.

Kh thi c qut thi vo thp, i t di ln trn qua lp vt liu

m. Ti lp vt liu m s xy ra qu trnh tip xc pha gia nc v kh thi. SO2 s c nc hp th.

Nc sau khi hp th SO2 s to thnh H2SO3 ri xung y thp

m v c bm n b trung ha. Ti b trung ha, H2SO3 c trung ha trc khi x thi ra mi trng.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

24

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

CHNG 3: TNH TON THIT K THP HP TH

S liu thit k ban u:
-

Nng sut: 2500m3/h. Nng SO2 trong kh thi: 1% theo khi lng. Nhit u vo: 30oC Nhit u ra: 30oC

K hiu tnh ton: Xv T s mol kh trong dng lng vo thp hp th, Xr T s mol kh trong dng lng ra thp hp th, Yv Nng mol tng i ca kh trong hn hp kh thi vo thp Yr Nng mol tng i ca kh trong hn hp kh thi khi i ra xv Phn mol kh trong pha lng i vo thp hp th, xr Phn mol kh trong pha lng ra khi thp hp th, yv Phn mol kh trong dng kh khi i vo thp hp th, (kmolSO2/kmolH2O).

(kmolSO2/kmolH2O).

hp th, (kmolSO2/kmolkk).

thp hp th, (kmolSO2/kmolkk).

(kmolSO2/kmolhh).

(kmolSO2/kmolhh).

(kmolSO2/kmolkk).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

25

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

yr Phn mol kh trong dng kh khi i ra thp hp th, G Sut lng hn hp kh, (kmolhh/h). Gtr Sut lng kh tr, (kmol kh tr/h). L Sut lng nc, (kmolH2O/h). Ltr Sut lng cu t lng tr, (kmol tr/h).

(kmolSO2/kmolkk).

S cn bng vt cht ca thp hp th:

Ltr Xr

Gtr Yv
Yv=

Y*=m X

ng lm vic

THP HP TH
Y

ng cn bng

Ltr Xv

Gtr Yr

X X
v

Xr=

3.1

Nng ca SO2:
3.1.1 Nng u vo ca SO2

Ta c: PV = nRT. Trong :

P: p sut kh quyn [at].

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

26

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

V: th tch khng kh [l]. R: hng s kh l tng = 0,082. n: s mol kh [mol]. n/V = P/RT Ckk = n/V = =

= 0,0402 (mol/l) = 40,2 (mol hn

hp kh/m3).

Khi lng khng kh c trong 1 m3: mkk = 40,2 29 = 1166 g. mkk = 0,01 1166 = 11,66 g.

= 1%

= 11,66/64 = 0,182 mol. Nng phn mol SO2: yv = = = 0,0045 (molSO2/mol hn hp kh).

Nng mol tng i ca SO2: Yv = = = 0,0045( mol SO2/mol kh tr).

3.1.2 Nng u ra ca SO2

Theo QCVN 19-2009 nng SO2 = 500 mg/m3 (0oC, 1at). Tnh cho 1m3: 30oC, 1at:

nng SO2=

= 450,5 mg/m3= 0,4505 g/m3.

Nng phn mol SO2:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

27

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

yr =

= 0,000175 (mol SO2/mol kh tr).

Nng mol tng i ca SO2: Yr = = = 0,000175

3.1.3 Hiu sut hp th Hiu sut hp th: =

3.2
Yv Yr 0,0045 0,000175 = = 0,9611 = 96,11 % Yv 0,0045

Lp phng trnh ng cn bng: ng cn bng hp th c dng: Y* = mX Vi m = Trong : H: hng s Henrry ph thuc vo nhit ca cht kh, mmHg. p: p sut ca kh ang xt, mmHg. Hng s Henrry ca kh SO2 nhit trung bnh t = 30oC: H = 0,0364.106 mmHg = 36400 mmHg (trang 139 S tay qu trnh v thit b

tp 2). p = 1at = 760mmHg. => m = = = 47,9.

Vy ng cn bng ca SO2 30oC c dng ng thng: Y* = mX =47,9X

3.3

Lp phng trnh ng lm vic:

Sut lng mol ca hn hp kh thi: Q = 40,2 (mol/m3) 2500 (m3/h) = 100500 (mol/h) = 100,5 (kmol/h).

G= n

Sut lng kh tr: Gtr = G

(1 yv) = 100500

(1 - 0,0045) = 100047,75 (mol kh tr/h) .

Xc nh ng lm vic: i qua 2 im (Xv, Yr) v (Xmax, Yv):

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

28

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Nng SO2 cc i trong dung mi (nc) khi ra khi thp hp th Xmax= ng vi Yv= nm trn ng cn bng Y* = 47,9X (ng lm vic
Yv 0,0045 = = 9,4 10 5 (mol SO2/mol kh tr). 47,9 47,9

ct ng cn bng). Yv = 0,0045 => Xmax =

Lng dung mi ti thiu: Vi Xv = 0 Ltr min = Gtr X max X v = 100047,75 = 4603260,8 (mol/h). Lng dung mi thc t ly bng 1,2 lng dung mi ti thiu: Ltr = 1,2Ltr min =1,2 4603260,8 = 5523913 (mol/h) = 99,43 (m3/h). => Xr =
Yv Yr 0,0045 0,000175 Gtr = 100047,75 Ltr 5523913 Yv Yr

0,0045 0,000175 9,4 10 5 0

= 7,83

molSO2 ). moldungmi

Phng trnh ng lm vic c dng: Y = AX + B Vi: A= B = Yr = = 55,2 Xv = 0,000175 0 = 0,000175.

Vy phng trnh ng lm vic: Y = 55,2X + 0,000175.

3.4

Tnh ton thp hp th:

3.4.1 ng knh thp hp th:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

29

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

D= Vi Qtb =

(*)

Q = 2500 m3/h
Qc =

Sut lng SO2 b hp th = ( Yv Yr) (0,0045 0,00075) = 432,7 ( mol SO2/h).

= 100047,5

Lu lng SO2 b hp th: PV = nRT

= 24,846 ( l/mol SO2). 10-3 (m3/mol SO2).

= 24,846

= 10-3 (m3/mol SO2).

= 432,7 (mol SO2/h) = 10,75 (m3/h)

24,846

Qc = Q =

= 2500 - 10,75 = 2489,25 ( m3/h). = = 2494,625 (m3/h).

Tc kh i trong thp m:
30

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Y = 1,2 e -4X X =( )1/4

(1)

)1/8

(2)

Y= Trong : : tc sc [m/s].

)0,16

(3)

: b mt ring ca m [m2/m3]. V: th tch t do ca m [m3/m3]. g: gia tc trng trng [m2/s]. Gx; Gy: lng lng v lng hi trung bnh [kg/s]. , : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng v hi [kg/m3]. : nht ca pha lng theo nhit trung bnh v nht ca nc 20oC [N.s/m2].

Khi lng ring trung bnh pha lng: = = 1000 [kg/m3].

Khi lng ring ca pha kh: = =

= 0,0023375 (molSO2/mol hn hp kh). = = = 1,17 [kg/m3].

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

31

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Lng dung mi s dng: Gx = Ltr = 5523913 ( mol/h) = 99430434 (g/h) 18 (g/mol) . 99430 ( kg/h).

Lng kh qua thp: Gy = Qtb (2) X = ( (1) Y = 1,2 = 2494,625 (m3/h) )1/4 e -4X = 1,2 ( 1,17 (kg/m3) 2918,7 (kg/h).

)1/8 = 1,04 = 0,01873

Chn loi m l m vng Rasiga ln xn, m bng s c 60 6 (mm). = 78 [m2/m3]. V = 0,74 [m3/m3]. = 0,801 = 1,0 (3) = 10-3 [N.s/m2]. 10 -3 [N.s/m2].

kch thc: 60 C:

)0,16

0,02206

) 0,18 =

Ta c: Chn

= 0,92 (m/s). = (0,8 = 0,8 0,9) = 0,8 0,92 = 0,74 (m/s).

(*) D =

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

32

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

D=
Chn D =1,1 (m).
3.4.2 Chiu cao thp hp th:

= 1,09 (m).

Mt ti thc t: Utt = Vi : Vx= th tch pha lng [m3/h]. Ft= din tch mt ct [m2]. Utt = = = 104,68 (m3/m2h).

Mt ti thch hp: Uth =B Vi B = 0,158 [m3/m.h] Uth = 0,158 Ta c: = 78 = 12,32 [m3/m2.h] >1 (da vo th hnh IX.16 tr.178 s tay qu

trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). =1

Chiu cao lp vt liu m: H = noy hoy

Vi: noy: s n v truyn khi. hoy: chiu cao ca mt n v truyn khi [m]. noy =

Ytb = Vi: Y2=Yv=0,0045

X L KH SO2 BNG NC 33

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Y1=Yr=0,000175

Phng trnh cn bng: Y*=47,9X Xv=0

=0
=0,00375 = 3,95.10-4

Xr=7,83.10-5 Ytb= noy = hoy = h1 +

=
h2

= 10,95

h1: chiu cao ca mt n v truyn khi i vi pha hi [m]. h2: chiu cao ca mt n v truyn khi i vi pha lng [m].

Tnh h1: h1 = Vi: V = 0,74 a=0,123 =1 =78 Rey = Tnh (4)

=
Vi: Tnh = = 17,17 10-6 (N.s/m2) = 17,17 10-6 = 1,86 10-5(N.s/m2)

:
=1,17 (kg/m3).
34

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Rey = Pry= Tnh Dy: Dy= Trong :

= 296,77

)1/2 [cm2/s].

T: nhit hn hp kh (T = 303oK). P: p sut hn hp kh (1atm). , , : khi lng mol ca SO2 v khng kh. : th tch mol ca SO2 v khng kh.

=44,8 (cm3/mol). =29,9 (cm3/mol) (tra bng 2.2 trang 26 truyn khi tp

3 V B Minh). Dy =

+
= 1,146 10-4 (m2/s).

1/2

= 0,1146 (cm2/s).

Pry =

= 1,387

(4) h1 =

= 0,398 (m)

Tnh h2:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

35

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

h2 = 256

2/3

(5)

Rey = Rey = 18,62

Prx=

Tnh Dx: Dx = 7,4 10-8 Trong :

M: khi lng mol nc. V: th tch mol SO2, = 44,8 (cm3/mol).

T: nhit nc (303oK). : h s k n s kt hp ca cc phn t dung mi, =2,6

(tra bng trang 29 truyn khi tp 3). Dx = 7,4 10-8 = 1,956 10-6(cm2/s). Prx= (5) h2 = 256 hoy = h1 + = 0,398+ Chiu cao lp vt liu m: h2 2,73 10-4 = 0.3984 (m) =
2/3

= 1,956 10-2(cm2/s).

= 0,41. 18,620,25 0,410,5 =2,73 10-4 (m).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

36

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Hm = hoy

noy = 0,3984

10,95 = 4,36 (m).

Chn chiu cao lp vt liu m: H= 4,4 (m).

Chiu cao ca phn tch lng Hl v y H c chn ph thuc vo

ng knh thp. Nh vy i vi thp c ng knh nh D = 1,1 m ta chn H l = 1,2m v H = 1,5m. Chiu cao thp: Hthp = Hm + Hl + H = 4,4 + 1,3 + 1,5 = 7,2 (m).

3.5

Tnh ton tr lc: 3.5.1 Tr lc m kh: Pk = Trong :

: khi lng ring pha kh, H: chiu cao lp m, H=4,4m.

1,17 (kg/m3).

: tc kh tnh trn ton b tit din thp [m/s]. = 0,74 (m/s)

: b mt ring m,

=78 (m2/m3).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

37

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

V: th tch t do ca m, V=0,74 [m3/m3]. : h s tr lc ca m. Do Rey = 296,77 > 40 = = = 5,124

Pk = Pk = 3.5.2 Tr lc m t:
P= Pk

= 347,55 (N/m2).

[ 1+A (

)m

)n

Theo bng IX.7 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht 2 tr.189. Ta c: (

)1,8

0,2

=(

1,8

)0,2 = 1,42 >0,5

A=10, m=0,945, n=5,525, c=0,105 P = Pk [ 1+A (

)m

)n

= 347,55

[1+10

0,945

)0,105 ]

= 4530 (N/m2).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

38

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Vy tr lc ca thp l: Pthp = Max( Pk, P). Pthp = 4530 (N/m2).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

39

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

CHNG 4:

TNH TON C KH V CC THIT B PH TR

4.1. Tnh ton cc thit b ph tr:

4.1.1. ng dn kh vo thp:

Vn tc kh vo thp nm trong khong 4 15 m/s (theo bng II.2

trang 370 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1).

Chn ng dn kh vo thp c ng knh d1 = 300 mm. Vn tc kh vo thp: v= =

= 9,83 (m/s).

4.1.2. ng dn kh ra thp:

Ly ng knh ng dn kh ra thp bng vi ng dn kh vo thp: d2 = d1 = 300 mm.

4.1.3. ng dn dung mi vo thp:

Vn tc cht lng chy vo thp trong khong 0,1 0,5 m/s (theo

bng II.2 trang 370 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1).

Chn ng dn dung mi vo thp c ng knh d3 = 300 mm.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

40

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Vn tc dung mi vo thp v= = = 0,4 (m/s).

ng dn dung mi t b cha ln bn cao v trong khong 1,5 2,5

m/s (theo bng II.2 trang 370 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp1),vi lu lng nc bng vi lu lng nc t bn cao v vo thp, L = 99,43 m3/h.

Chn dng ng dn nc c ng knh: d4 = 150 mm

Vn tc nc trong ng: v= = 1,564 (m/s)

4.1.4. Tnh ton ng khi: Lu lng kh ra khi ng khi: Qok = Qc = 2489,25 (m3/h) = 0,691 (m3/s).

Chn ng knh ng khi: dok = 0,3 m. vn tc kh trong ng khi:

ok

= 9,78 (m/s).

Chiu cao ng khi: Hok =

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

41

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Trong :

A: h s ph thuc vo kh hu, i vi kh hu nhit i. M: lng cht nhim thi ra (g/s). Nng SO2 30oC trong 1 m3 khng kh sau khi c x l

Chn A=200.

(QCVN 05 2009 ). = 0,5 M =

= 0,45 (g/m3) = 0,45 0,691 = 0,433 (g/s)

F: h s, i vi cht nhim l kh th F=1. : chnh lch nhit , vi nhit mi trng = 27oC = 30-27 = 30C.

m,n: h s khng th nguyn ph thuc iu kin thot ra ca

thi ming ng khi (ly m,n = 1). Ccp: tiu chun SO2 xung quanh, Ccp = 0,125 mg/m3. Hok =

Hok = 23,3 m. Chn Hok = 24 m. 4.1.5. Vi phun:

Chn vi phun hoa sen. Chn ng knh cho mi l vi sen: ds = 10 (mm) = 0,01 m

Vn tc kh trong thp hp th bng 50 70% vn tc git lng

c phun vo thp nhm trnh hin tng kh y cc git lng ln trn, nng cn qu trnh tip xc gia 2 pha.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

42

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Chn vk = 70% vgit =

vgit = = 1 m/s

Lu lng dung mi trn mi l: q = vgit S l trn vi sen: N= = = 351,8 l =1 = 7,85 10-5 (m3/s)

Chn N = 352 l. 4.1.6. Bm: Chn chiu cao t b cha nc n bn cao v : h = 10 m

Chiu di ng ng t b n bn cao v: l = 12 m

Phng trnh nng lng: z1 + + + Hb = z2 + + + hl

z1 = 0, P1 = P2 = Pkq, v1 = v2 = 0, z2 = h = 10 m Hb = 10 + hl

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

43

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Vi hl = (

Da vo bng 2.2, 2.4, 2.6 trang 94, 95, 97 cc qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm Nguyn Bin. Ta c:
vo = ra

= 1,

co

= 1,13 (3 co),

van

= 0,05.

=1+1+3 Tnh : Re = =

1,13 + 0,05 = 5,44

Re =292884 (theo bng II.12 trang 379 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp1). = 0,015

hl = (0,015

+ 5,44)

= 0,83 (m)

Hb = 10 + 0,83 = 10,83 (m) Cng sut bm: Nb = L Hb = 1000 9,81 10,83

Nb = 2934,4 (W) Cng sut tip in cho ng c:

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

44

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Nc = Vi: = (0,89 0,99) = (0,92 0,98) = (0,85 1)

= (1,12 1,15)

= 1,12

= 4722 (W)

4.1.7. Qut: Chn qut ly tm. Cng sut qut: Nq =

= (0,5 0,7) (trang 191 Cc qu trnh thit b

trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm Nguyn Bin). Nq=

4.2. Tnh c kh thit b:

= 6292 (W).

Thit b lm vic nhit t = 30oC trong iu kin n mn, chn vt liu l thp khng g CT3 ch to thit b.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

45

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

4.2.1 Tnh thn thit b:

Vt liu CT3, theo bng XII4 trang 309, s tay qu trnh v cng ngh

ha cht tp 2. -

Chiu dy tm thp: 4 20 mm. Gii hn bn = 380 106 N/m2, = 240 106 N/m2 .

Tra bng XIII.2 v XIII.3 trang 356 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng

ngh ha cht tp 2: Ta c: = 1,0; nk = 2,6; nc = 1,5.

ng sut cho php ca CT3 theo gii hn bn khi ko: [ ]=

1 = 146

106 N/m2.

(1)

ng sut cho php ca CT3 theo gii hn chy: [ ]=

=
] = 146

1 = 160

106 N/m2.

(2)

(1) & (2) [

106 N/m2 (chn ng sut b hn).

p sut trong thit b: P = Pmt + Pl + Pthp Vi: Pmt : p sut hi (kh) = 105 N/m2. Pl : p sut thy tnh. Pl = g h = 1000 9,81 4,4 = 43164 N/m2.

P = Pmt + Pl + Pthp = 105 + 43164 + 4530= 147694 N/m2.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC 46

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Thit b c hn dc, hn tay bng h quang in, hn gip mi 2 = 0,95 ( tra bng XIII.8 trang 362, s tay qu trnh thit b cng ngh ha

mt

cht tp 2). Chiu dy thnh thit b: S= Trong :

+ C [m]

Dt : ng knh trong [m]. : h s bn thnh hnh tr theo phng dc. P: p sut bn trong thit b [N/m2]. C: s b sung do n mn, bo mn v dung sai v chiu dy

[m]. C = C1+C2+C3 C1 : s b sung do n mn. (CT3 l vt liu bn ta c th ly C1 = 1 mm). C2 : s b sung do n mn (c th b qua). C3 : s b sung do dung sai, C3 = 0,4 mm (tra bng XIII.9 trang 364 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). C = C1+C2+C3 = 1.10-3 + 0 + 0,4.10-3 = 1,4.10-3 (m) =

= 995,3 >50 c th b P mu

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

47

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

S=

+C=

+ 1,4.10-3

S = 2,35.10-3 (m) = 2,35 mm. Ly S = 4 mm. Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th: = 200.106 N/m2 (*) =

p sut th Po : Po = Pth + P1 Trong :

Pth : p sut th thy lc. Pth = 1,5P = 1,5 147694 = 221541 (N/m2) (theo bng XIII.5

trang 358 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). Po = 221541 + 43164 = 264705N/m2 =

= 30 106 N/m2 < 200.106 N/m2 tha iu kin (*)

4.2.2 Tnh chiu di y v np thit b (dng elip c g):

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

48

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

S dng vt liu CT3 c Dt = 1,1 m; hb=0,25.Dt (theo bng XIII.11

trang 381 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). Chiu dy y v np thit b: S= Vi k: h s khng th nguyn. k=1Trong : d - ng knh ln nht (kch thc ln nht ca l khng phi hnh trn) ca l khng tng cng. S dng np c l khng c tng cng d = 0,15m k = 1 +C

= 1-

= 0,864

Ta c:

0,864

0,95 = 1333,78 > 30

c th b qua P mu S= S= S = 7,14 10-4 + C S C = 7,14 10-4 (m) = 0,714 (mm) < 10 (mm) Do ta tng thm 2 mm so vi gi tr C = 1,4.10-3 (m). C = 1,4+2 = 3,4 (mm)
X L KH SO2 BNG NC 49

+C +C

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Vy: S = 0,714 + 3,4 = 4,114 (mm) = 4,114 10-3 (m). Chn S = 5 10-3 (m). (theo bng XIII.12 trang 385 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). chiu cao g h = 25 (mm). Kim tra ng sut: =

= 116.106 N/m2

<

= 200.106 N/m2.

4.2.3 Mt bch: Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc b phn ca thit b

cng nh ni cc b phn khc vi thit b.

Vt liu: CT3. Bch s dng l bch kiu s IV (dng ni thit b), (theo bng

XIII.27 trang 417 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2).

Py.106

Dt

Kch thc ni

Kiu bch

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

50

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

D (N/m )
2

Db

DI

Do

Bu lng db (mm) M20 Z (ci) 22 h (mm) 22

IV hI (mm) 4

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

0,1

1100

1240

1190

1160

1113

4.2.4 Chn v tai treo:

4.1.4.1

. Chn : = 7,85.103 kg/m3

Vt liu CT3 c khi lng ring Khi lng thn: mthn = V = (

) Hthp

mthn =

(1,1082 1,12)

7,2 7850

mthn =783,7 (kg). Khi lng y v np: (theo bng XIII.27 trang 417 s tay qu trnh

v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). M,n = 2 x 54,4 = 108,8 (kg) Khi lng m: mm = Vm mm = (1-V) Hm (1-0,74)

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

51

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

mm =

1,12

4,4

520 (1-0,74)

mm = 565(kg). Khi lng dung mi trong trng hp ngp lt: mdm = Vdm mdm = V Hm V

mdm =

1,12

4,4

0,74

1000 = 3092,7 (kg).

Khi lng bch: mbch = 2 (

mbch =

(1,242 1,1132)

22

7850

10-3

mbch = 81 (kg). Khi lng thp: mthp = mthn + m,n + mm + mdm + mbch mthp =783,7 + 108,8 + 565 + 3092,7 + 81 mthp = 4631,2 (kg). Trng lng thp: Gthp = mthp g = 4631,2 9,81 = 45432 (N).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

52

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Chn chn gm 4 chn: = = 118 (N).

Trng lng mi chn phi chu =

Thng s chn : (theo bng XIII.35 trang 437 s tay qu trnh v

thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2). Ti trng cho php ln b mt (mm) q.10 (N/ m2) 0,56 250 180 215 290 350 185 16 90 27
-6

Ti trng cho php trn mt chn G.10-4 (N) 2,5

B mt F. 104 (m2) 444

B1

B2

4.1.4.2

Tai treo: Tng t nh chn ta c cc thng s cho tai treo (theo

bng XIII.36 trang 438 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp2).

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

53

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Khi G.10-4 (N) F.104 (m )

2

q.10-6 L (N/m )
2

lng B B1 H S l a d 1 tai treo (kg)

2,5

173

1,45

(mm) 150 120 130 2,5 8 60 20 30

3,48

KT LUN V KIN NGH: Kh SO2 l loi kh thi c nh hng n sc khe con ngi, pht sinh rt nhiu trong cc hot ng sn xut cng nghip, do c th p dng cng ngh x l kh SO2 theo phng php hp thu bng thp m trong nhiu lnh vc khc ngoi cng ngh t.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

54

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Thit k thp m hp thu kh SO2 gip gii quyt c vn kh thi t l t theo cng ngh nhit phn - ang c ng dng kh ph bin trn th gii. Vic thit k thp m hp thu kh thi c th cho ta hiu sut x l cao. Nhng u im khi chn phng php x l bng thp m vi dung dch hp thu nc l cng ngh v thit b n gin, d vn hnh, gi thnh khng cao so vi cc thit b x l khc. Hp thu bng dung dch nc ngoi kh nng x l kh SO2 ta c th ng dng x l cc kh: NH3, CO2 Do s m rng c phm vi ng dng ca ti.

TI LIU THAM KHO Trn Xoa - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht - Tp 1. Trn Xoa - S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht - Tp 2. V B Minh Truyn Khi Tp 3.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

55

 N X L KH THI

GVHD: ThS. V TH THU NH

Nguyn Bin Qu trnh v thit b trong cng ngh ha hc v thc phm Tp 1.

Trn Ngc Chn nhim khng kh v x l kh thi Tp 3.

X L KH SO2 BNG NC

56