quy trình sản xuất bánh snack

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset
PHN 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY
GVHD:
-1-
I. LCH S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA CNG TY Tn ca cng ty: CNG TY LIN DOANH PHM ASSET a ch: L D4/1 ng 1B KCN Vnh Lc, qun Bnh Tn, Tp.HCM. Email: pham-asset@hcm.vnn.vn T: (08)37653284/37653285/37653286 Cng ty Lin doanh Phm Asset c cp giy php hot ng vo 3/11/2002 v n 5/5/2004 mi chnh thc i vo hot ng. Cng ty Lin doanh Phm Asset l loi hnh doanh nghip lin doanh. Cng ty c mt bng tng i rng to iu kin thun li cho vic b tr xy dng Cng ty, Cng ty li nm gn Thnh ph nn vn giao dch bun bn thun li. T ngy Cng ty chnh thc i vo hot ng cho n nay sn xut cc mt hng: bnh snack, cho n lin, u phng nc ct da, u phng mui, bt canht cht lng cao, hp v sinh an ton thc phm, p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng v th hiu ca ngi tiu dng trong v ngoi nc. Cng ty xut khu cc mt hng qua cc nc nh: Nga, Campuchia, MalaysiaNhng bn cnh cng ty cng nhp khu mt s mt hng nh: Hng liu, seosoning, cc ha cht phc v cho vic sn xut cc sn phm c cht lng cao. Cng ty khng ngng ci tin khoa hc k thut, o to cng nhn vin c trnh k thut chuyn mn hon thnh tt cng vic c giao v ngy cng nng cao cht lng sn phm, to ra cc mu m mi p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng v lun ng vng trn th trng. II. PHNG HNG SN XUT V PHT TRIN CA CNG TY S dng hp l v c hiu qu cc ngun vn. Thc hin bo tn v pht trin cc ngun vn , ti sn ca cng ty nhm em li hiu qu cao nht. M rng sn xut cc mt hng cao cp c gi tr kinh t cao p ng cc nhu cu xut khu v thu nhiu li nhun gp phn gia tng thu nhp quc dn , y mnh tc pht trin ca cng ty v m bo i sng ca cng nhn vin. Thay i my mc trang thit b hin i theo cng ngh tin tin nhm y mnh nng xut sn xut. GVHD: -2-
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Thng xuyn ci tin mu m, a dng ha sn phm , nng cao cht lng sn phm, to uy tn v sc cnh tranh vng mnh trn th trng trong v ngoi nc. M cc lp hun luyn v nghip v nng cao tay ngh cho cng nhn. Pht trin mi ngun hng, y mnh sn xut kinh doanh theo hng xut khu th trng trong v ngoi nc. T chc h thng cc i l v cc ca hng gii thiu sn phm ca cng ty nhm m rng th trng. III. S H THNG QUN L CA CNG TY
Gim c ti chnh
K ton trng
Gim c bn hng
Tng gim c
Ch tch hi ng
Gim c KH XNK
Gim c nhn s
Gim c sn
Ph gim c
xut
QC
PX. snac k
GVHD:
PX. u
Ban c din
Bo v
Nh n
V Sinh
B phn kho
B phn nghi p v
Bn hn g qua T
Tip th
Vn ti
K ton
Ti chnh
-3-
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Nhim v cc thnh vin trong ban gim c v cc phng ban chc nng: III.1. Gim c L ngi c quyn ln nht cng ty. L ngi ch o sn xut v thc hin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh trong cng ty, ch trng quyn hnh, k hp ng kinh t, hp tc lin doanh lin kt, c quyn t ch trong Cng ty trong vic thc hin xut nhp khu. C quyn thc hin cc phng ban theo nguyn tc quy nh chung v chu trch nhim vi quyt nh ca mnh. iu hnh hot ng ca cng ty theo ng iu l ca Cng ty, iu hnh cc phng ban lm vic c t chc v t hiu qu cao. Chu trch nhim ton b sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty. III.2. Ph gim c L ngi h tr cho gim c v chu trch nhim ca mnh trc gim c v phn vic m mnh ph trch nh: hnh chnh, thay mt gim c k cc hp ng. Ton b hot ng ti chnh k ton c giao cho k ton trng. III.3. Phng t chc hnh chnh Tham mu cho gim c v vic t chc lc lng lao ng, tin lng, tham gia phi hp cng vi bo v bo co kp thi vi Giam c cng tc bo v v phng chy cha chy, t chc thc hin v mt cng tc hnh chnh qun tr nh: Qun tr nhn s, t chc cn b, tuyn dng nhn s, lp k hch pht trin ngun nhn s v chu trch nhim trc Ban Gim c v nhn s. D bo, xc nh nhu cu v nhn s. Lp k hoach tin lng, xy dng thang lng, bng lng v phn phi tin lng. III.4. Phng kinh doanh Tham mu cho gim c thc hin k hoch sn xut kinh doanh theo ma v, qu, thng, nm. Gip Gim c trong vic t chc cng tc xut nhp khu hng ha. T chc kim tra my mc, bo qun hng ha vt t, thnh phm. III.5. Phng iu hnh sn xut iu hnh mi hot ng t chc sn xut ca cng ty. Phn cng lao ng trong tng b phn sn xut mt cch hp l nht. III.6. Phng k thut GVHD: -4-
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset T chc kim tra qu trnh sn xut ca Cng ty. Phn cng lao ng trong tng b phn sn xut mt cch hp l nht. T chc kim tra qu trnh sn xut, cht lng sn xut, nh mc k thut, ng dng ton b k thut vo qu trnh sn xut ca cng ty. III.8. Phng ti chnh k ton Tham mu v qun l ti chnh, cc khon thu, chi. Thc hin k hoch ti chnh ca Cng ty. III.9. Phng th nghim Kim tra cht lng nguyn vt liu nhp vo. Kim tra cht lng ca thnh phm, bn thnh phm. Kim tra quy trnh ng gi ca sn phm. IV. S MT BNG THIT K CA CNG TY (xem trang 6) V. TNH HNH SN XUT TIU TH SN PHM CA CNG TY Cng ty hin nay mt mt ang duy tr sn xut cc sn phm sn c, mt mt ang nghin cu cho ra cc sn phm mi nh: Snack tm rang nc da, u phng v du p ng nhu cu, khu v ca mi ngi v lm a dng hn chng loi sn phm ca cng ty. T , cng ty s thu ht c nhiu khch hng hn. Sn phm ca cng ty c tiu th rng ri trong v ngoi nc. TP. H Ch Minh, H Ni, Ltl nhng th trng tiu th sn phm nhiu nht ca cng ty. Bn cnh l: Malaysia, Campuchia v Nga l th trng tiu th sn phm ngoi nc cu cng ty. Cc sn phm ca cng ty Bng 1: Sn phm ca cng ty Sn phm Bnh snack Cho n lin u phng Bt canh Tr C ph Phn loi Snack g nng, tm, mc, c chua, pho mai hnh, khoai ty, tht nng, ming cay, bp v mt ong Cho dinh dng, tht bm, thp cm u phng nc ct da, tht nng, ph mai, u phng mui Cc loi hng v Tr ha tan, C ph Mirano, C ph jojo
GVHD:
-5-
Hnh 1: Sn phm ca cng ty
Phi snack mc snack que g
Phi snack xon mt ong
Phi
Phi snack que tm Phi snack pho mai hnh snack li g Phi
GVHD:
-6-
S mt bng cng ty
Trm in
Phng bo v
Cng vo
Phng cm quan Phng kinh doanh Phng ton Phng Gim c Phng iu hnh xut Phng nghim Phng thut Phng n Phng sinh v k th sn k
Kho sn phm
Nh xe
Phng bao gi
Ni cha bao b PHN XNG SN XUT L hi
Kho cha ph liu
Phng ng lnh
Kho du chy hi bt xay Phng la u Phng lnh ng gi canh bt l
Phng canh cho Phng cho
Phng rang u Phng bc v u Phng xay da Phng quay u
GVHD:
-7-
PHN 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BNH SNACK
GVHD:
-8-
CHNG I: NGUYN LIU SN XUT BNH SNACK

I.1. CC NGUN NGUYN LIU CA CNG TY Bng 2: Cc ngun nguyn liu ca cng ty STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tn nguyn liu Bt m Tinh bt sn Bt bp Bt ngt Mui Bt ni Du Olein tinh luyn Shortening Seasoning Ti PP 65x90 Nh cung cp Th c Miwon Friendship Thi Lan Miwon ng Hi Mauri La Ng Tng An Tng An Vina Aroma Dng Minh Li 25kg 50kg 20kg Xe bn Thng 25kg Thng 20kg Quy cch ng gi 40kg 50kg
I.1.1. Bt m
GVHD:
-9-
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Bt m l sn phm c ch bin t ht la m bng qu trnh nghin. Trong qu trnh ny v cm v phi c tch ra v phn cn li ca ht la m (ni nh) c nghin nh n mn thch hp (ra thnh phm l bt m). C 2 loi bt m: Bt m trng c sn xut t la m trng triticum. La m trng c 2 loi: La m cng v la m mm ( ty vo cht lng gluten). Bt m en c sn xut t la m en secale. Thnh phn ha hc ca bt m: I.1.1.1. Gluxit Chim t 70 90% cht kh ca bt m trong tinh bt chim khong 80% gluxit bt m. Ngoi ra trong thnh phn gluxit bt m cn c cha cc hp cht khc nh dextrin, pentozan, cellulose, hemicellulose. I.1.1.2. Tinh bt L thnh phn quan trng nht ca bt m, c nh hng ln n cht lng ca bt nho sau ny. Tinh bt la m c cu trc dng ht trn, vi kch thc ht t 5 50 m. Tinh bt gm hai cu t l amylose v amylopectin. ln v nguyn ca ht tinh bt c nh hng n tnh rn chc, kh nng ht nc v hm lng ng trong bt nho. I.1.1.3. Dextrin Dextrin chim khong 1 5% gluxit bt m. N l sn phm c to ra khi tinh bt b thy phn di tc dng ca h enzyme amylase ca bt m v t lin kt vi nc. Khi lng phn t v tnh cht ca dextrin ph thuc vo mc thy phn tinh bt. I.1.1.4. Pentozan Pentozan l cc polysaccharide ca cc ng c cha 5C chim khong 1,2 3,5% gluxit bt m. Cc pentozan c tnh ho nc, khi trng n to huyn ph c, nh hng n tnh cht vt l ca bt nho. Pentozan trong bt m gm hai loi l pentozan tan trong nc v pentozan khng tan trong nc. Chng khc nhau mc phn nhnh: pentozan khng tan c mc thy phn nhnh tt hn. GVHD: - 10 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset I.1.1.5. Cellulose v hemicellulose Cellulose chim khong 0,1 2,3% cn hemicellulose chim khong 2 8% gluxit bt m. Chng khng c ngha v mt dinh dng nhng gip tng nhu ng rut v gip tiu ha tt. Cc loi ng glucose, fructose, maltose, saccharose: chim khong 0,1 1% gluxit bt m, chng tham gia vo cc phn ng maillard to mu cho sn phm. Cn i vi cc loi bnh c ln men th cc ng ny l ngun thc n cho vi sinh vt.
Bng 3: Hm lng trung bnh ca cc loi ng c trong bt m Loi ng Fructose Glucose Maltose Saccharose Paffinose Glucodifrutose Oligosaccharide I.1.1.6. Protein Ty vo ging, iu kin trng trt, thu hoch m hm lng protein trong bt m chim t 8 25% cht kh. S phn b protein gia cc phn khc nhau ca ht cng khc nhau. Bng 4: Hm lng protein ca mt s ging la m Loi la m HRS(M) Durum GVHD: Hm lng protein, % 11,5 - 18 10 - 16,5 - 11 Hm lng (%) 0,02 - 0,08 0,00 - 10,09 0,05 - 0,10 0,10 - 0,40 0,05 - 0,17 0,20 - 0,30 1,20 - 1,30
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Plate (Argentina) CWRS (Manitoba) HRW(M) Nga c Anh Cc nc chu u khc SRW (M) 10 - 16 9 - 18 9 - 14,5 9 - 14,5 8 - 13,5 8 - 13 8 - 11,5 8 11
Ta c th phn loi protein trong bt m thnh 4 phn: - Albumin: + Chim khong 5,7 11% protid bt m. + Tan trong nc, b kt ta nng mui (NH4)2SO4 kh cao. - Globulin: + Chim khong 5,7 10,8% protit bt m. + Tan rt t trong nc, tan trong dung dch mui trung ho long ( NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4). - Prolamin (Gliadin): + Chim khong 40 50% protid bt m. + Khng tan trong nc v dung dch mui long, ch tan trong dung dch ethanol hay iso propanol 70 80%. + Gliadin c trng cho co dn ca bt nho. Cc gliadin ca la m thng dng n chui. Gliadin c tnh a hnh rt ln. - Glutelin (glutenin): + Chim khong 34 55% protid bt m. + Ch tan trong dung dch kim hoc axit long. + Glutenin c cu trc bc 4 phc tp, c trng cho n hi ca bt nho v khi ngm nc c kh nng to khun hay mng mng chc, n hi, c tnh c kt cao v chu c ko cng. GVHD: - 12 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset + Do glutenin c tnh a bo b mt cao v c kh nng lin hp vi cc hp phn lipid nn to ra mng mng khng thm i vi kh CO2. Protein bt m c cc tnh cht cng ngh sau: - L cht to hnh, to b khung, hnh dng, trng thi, cng, c, dai v n hi cho sn phm thc phm. - C kh nng to gel cho sn phm. - To bt nho (paste) c tnh c kt, do v gi kh khi gia nhit to cu trc xp cho sn phm thc phm. - C kh nng to mng, nh ha, lm bn bt. - C nh mi v protein c th hp th vt l hoc ha hc cc cht mi qua tng tc Van der Waals hoc qua lin kt ng ha tr, lin kt tnh in. I.1.1.7. Lipid Lipid chim khong 2 - 3% bt m vi thnh phn gm: - Cht bo trung tnh (chim khong ). - Cc phosphatide, sterine. - Cc sc t v cc vitamin tan trong bo. Cht bo ny gip cho khung gluten n hi hn. Trong qu trnh bo qun, cc lipid c th b thy phn to ra cc acid bo lm tng chua ca bt. Mt khc, cc acid bo cng c th b oxy ha lm bt c mi kh chu. Bng 5: Bng phn b lipid trong bt m Dng lipid Lipid lin kt vi tinh bt Lipid khng lin kt vi tinh bt Lipid t do Lipid kt hp I.1.1.8. Vitamin Hm lng (%) 0,38 - 0,72 1,12 - 1,18 0,60 - 1,00 0,52 - 0,88 Dung mi dng trch ly Butanol bo ha nc 90 - 100oC Butanol bo ha nc nhit phng Petrolium-ether Butanol bo ha nc
GVHD:
- 13 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Cht khong trong ht la m c vo khong t 1,5 - 2,6% Chng c phn b khng ng u trong cc phn ca ht. V v phi ht cha nhiu cht khong hn c v nhiu nht l P, Ca v K.
Bng 6: Hm lng cc nguyn t khong c trong ht la m Nguyn t K Na Al Ca Mg Fe P S Cu Si Cl2 I.1.1.9. Enzyme Cc enzyme l nhng cht protid c tnh cht xc tc. Trong thi k chn ca ht, cc enzyme tham gia tng hp nn cc cht phc tp, cn trong thi gian bo qun ht v khi ln men bt nho th cc enzyme xc tc s phn hy cc cht phc tp thnh cc cht n gin. Hai loi enzyme c ngha quan trng nht trong cng ngh sn xut bao gm h enzyme protease v h enzyme amylase. GVHD: - 14 Hm lng (%) 21,8 - 41,1 0,8 - 9,1 3,8 - 9,2 7,8 - 16,3 0,1 - 0,6 39,2 - 57,7 0,1 - 0,59 0,02 0,6 - 5,9 0,4 - 3,5
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset H amylase trong bt m gm v amylase. I.1.2. Tinh bt khoai m Tinh bt cng l thnh phn quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut bnh. Cng thc ha hc l (C6H10O5)n - mt polysacarit carbohydrates cha hn hp amylose v amylopectin. Amylaza cho mu xanh vi Iot, d ha tan vi nc nng v to nn dung dch c nht khng cao. Amylopectin cho mu tm vi Iot, ch ha tan khi un nng v to nn dung dch c nht cao. ln v nguyn ca ht tinh bt c nh hng n tnh rn chc, kh nng ht nc v hm lng ng trong bt nho, ht tinh bt nh v tinh bt v s b ng ha nhanh hn trong qu trnh sn xut. Tinh bt mang li cho thc phm cc c tnh v mt cu trc nh nhng thay i trong v sau khi nu. Cc tnh cht quan trng ca tinh bt nh hng ln n cu trc thc phm: I.1.2.1. Kh nng hp th nc v s h ha tinh bt Khi ha tan tinh bt vo nc, u tin cc phn t nc s thm nhp vo gia cc phn t tinh bt c kch thc ln v tng tc vi cc nhm hot ng ca tinh bt, to ra lp v nc v lm cho mt xch no ca phn t b yu i. Kt qu, phn t tinh bt b x dch, ro ri trng ln. Qa trnh trng ny xy ra khng hn ch s lm bung cc phn t tinh bt v h chuyn thnh dng dung dch. I.1.2.2. Kh nng to si Tinh bt cng c kh nng to si, tnh cht ny ng dng sn xut cc sn phm dng si, cc sn phm dng si cn c bn, dai tt. I.1.2.3. Kh nng phng n Khi chin rn tinh bt trong cht bo nhit cao, cht bo c xu hng t tp li vi nhau do tng tc k nc v c kh nng xuyn thm qua cc vt liu gluxit nh tinh bt, cellulose,Nhit cng lm tinh bt h ha v chn. Phn khng kh trong cc khi bt khng thm c qua cc lp mng tinh bt c tm bo s gin n v lm phng n khi tinh bt. y l c s sn xut cc sn phm cn c phng n tt I.1.2.4. Kh nng to mng
GVHD:
- 15 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Ging nh cc hp cht cao phn t khc, tinh bt c kh mng to mng tt. to mng, cc phn t tinh bt s dn phng ra, sp xp li v tng tc trc tip vi nhau nh cc lien kt hydro v/ hoc gin tip thng qua cc phn t nc. I.1.2.5. Kh nng to gel v thi ha h tinh bt a. S hnh thnh gel h tinh bt Khi ngui h tinh bt th cc phn t s tng tc vi nhau v sp xp li mt cch c trt t to thnh gel tinh bt. Tinh bt bt cn c kh nng ng to gel vi protein, nh tng tc ny m kh nng gi nc, cng v n hi ca gel protein c tt hn. V tinh bt cha c amylose v amylopectin nn trong gel tinh bt c c vng kt tinh v vng v nh hnh. Tham gia vo vng kt tinh c cc phn t amylase v cc on mch ngn ca amylopectin kt dnh vi nhau. Cu trc nhiu nhnh ca amylopectin s cn tr s gin phng v s kt tinh. Vng kt tinh va nm trong cc ht trng va nm trong dung dch s to bn v n hi cho gel; cn phn ca cc i phn t amylose v amylopectin ni vo phn kt tinh nhng nm trong phn v nh hnh s to cho gel mt p sut nht nh khng b ph hy. b. S thi ha gel tinh bt Khi mt thi gian di, cc gel tinh bt s co li v tch nc. Hin tng gi l s thi ha. I.1.2.6. trong ca h trong ca tinh bt c ngha rt quan trng i vi nhiu sn phm thc phm, n lm tng gi tr cm quan ca cc thc phm. I.1.2.7. Kh nng to nht nht v do ca tinh bt l mt trong nhng tnh cht quan trng nh hng n cht lng v kt cu ca nhiu loi thc phm. Do kh nng tp hp li vi nhau v gi c nhiu phn t nc. I.1.3. Bt bp Bt bp gip to cu trc dai v mi thm cho bnh bn cnh bt bp cng cha nhiu gi tr dinh dng gp phn tng dinh dng cho bnh. Bp c hm lng amylose cao thch hp to ra sn phm bnh snack c cng v gin, n t. Nu mun sn phm n tt nn chn ging bp c hm lng amylopectin cao. GVHD: - 16 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset I.1.4. ng ng c tc dng to thm v ngt cho bnh. Ngoi ra ng gip cho qu trnh ln men giai on u khi m bn thn ca amylaza cha kp phn hy tinh bt thnh ng saccaroz (C12H22O11). I.1.5. Mui Thnh phn chnh ca mui n l NaCl chim 99.95%. Ngoi ra, trong mui cn c nc, MgSO4, MgCl2, KCl, CaSO4 v mt s cht khng tan nh ct, bnC th trn vo mui n mt vi cht nh: MgCO3, Mg(OH)2.nH2O, MgO chng hin tng mui n b vn cc, kt tng. Vai tr ca mui: Mui thc hin ch yu trong chc nng nho bt, lm cho kh nng kt dnh ca Gluten cht hn trong qu trnh nho bt, gi nng ca Gluten, lm tng kh nng ht nc ca bt. Mui c tc dng nh th l nh vo s tc ng qua li gia mui v Protein hoc hn ch nh hng ca n vo nhng enzyme phn gii Protein. Mui thc hin ch yu trong chc nng nho bt, lm cho kh nng kt dnh ca Gluten cht hn trong qu trnh nho bt, gi nng ca Gluten, lm tng kh nng ht nc ca bt. Mui c tc dng nh th l nh vo s tc ng qua li gia mui v Protein hoc hn ch nh hng ca n vo nhng enzyme phn gii Protein. Mui ngn chn hiu lc hot ng ca enzyme trong lc ch bin. Mui kim sot tc xay trong qu trnh sy. iu ny rt quan trng trong trng hp nh sn xut khng khng ch c my sy nhit v m c th kim sot c. Thnh phn ca mui cao lm gim tc ca s mt nc trn b mt tm bt, ng thi lm tng cng s di chuyn ca nc t bn trong ra ngoi. Nh vy, hm lng mui s quyt nh nhit v m ca sn phm. Mui kim sot c ca bt nho v c thay i ph thuc vo nhit ca bt nho I.1.6. Bt ngt Bt ngt l mui mono natri ca axit L-glutamic c lm t khoai m v mt r ng, thng gp di dng bt hoc tinh th mu trng ngm mt phn t nc. C vai tr l cht iu v cho sn phm. GVHD: - 17 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Cng thc ha hc ca bt ngt: HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONa Khi trung ha axit glutamic chuyn thnh glutamat natri kt tinh c v ngt du trong nc, gn ging vi v ca tht nh m sn phm hp dn hn.Tuy nhin, khng c s dng bt ngt qu liu lng cho php10g/kg nguyn liu cho vo sn xut. I.1.7. Bt n Bt n c dng lm tng trng n ca sn phm, gim khi lng ca nguyn liu. Thng dng hai loi bt n l: Natrihydrocacbonat (NaHCO3) hoc amonicacbonat (NH4)2CO3. Natrihidrocacbonat c dng mu bt trng, khng mi, tan trong nc.
Khi nhit cao th hidrocacbonat s b phn hy: 2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Trong c khong 50% kh CO2 sinh ra lm cho bnh phng n. Amonicacbonat l tinh th mu trng c mi amoniac, ha tan trong nc nhit cao chng s b phn hy theo phng trnh. (NH4)2CO3 = 2NH3 + CO3 + H2O I.1.8. Du thc vt Du thc vt dng chin bnh, lm cho bnh chn, c v bo, thm ngon hn v d thm gia v hn. Trong sn xut cng ty thng s dng du Olein v du ny c im khc hn du khc l khng c mi nn khng gy nh hng ti mi v ca bnh, hm lng axit t do thp, im chy trt thp, c nhiu sinh t A. Du thc vt c cu to t glycerin v axit bo. Acid bo ch yu l acid Oleic chim t l cao nht 34,8 49,5%. Cng thc phn t ca acid Oleic: C17H33COOH. Cng thc cu to ca acid Oleic: CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH Ngoi ra, trong du thc vt cn chim mt lng nh cc cht nh: phosphatid, sp, cht nha, cht gy mi, cc sinh t, steroid... GVHD: - 18 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Phosphatid: L nhng hp cht glycerin phc tp, trong c gc axit phosphoric v baz nit. Hm lng phosphatid c thu hi bng phng php hydrat ha, phosphatid c ng dng trong cc sn phm dng nh tng, ch bin bnh ko. Steroid: L nhng ru cao phn t c cu to phc tp v phn b rng ri trong t nhin. Trong du thc vt, steroid tn ti dng phitosterol. Cc cht to mu: Du thc vt c mu sc l do s tn ti ca mt s cht mu c tnh tan trong du, cht ph bin l carotenoid. Chng gm c 60 70 mu khc nhau t vng sng n thm. Ngoi ra, cn c mt s hp cht gy mu khc nh mu en do hp cht nha, hp cht Gosipol. Cc sinh t: Du m c cha mt s sinh t quan trng tan trong du nh: A, D, E...
I.1.9. Seasoning Seasoning (gia v) l thnh phn khng th thiu trong nguyn liu sn xut bnh. V n quyt nh hng v ca bnh, to cm gic ngon ming, tng cng gi tr dinh dng. Ty vo tng loi bnh m nh sn xut dng cc loi seasoning khc nhau. Trong sn xut bnh snack que tm ngi ta s dng bt tm v bt hnh. Trong seasoning c cha rt nhiu cht: Cht bo nh: bt ph mai, bt cream, bt b C gia v: bt hnh, bt ti Cy gia v: bt tiu, bt t, bt m tc Hng v tng hp: cc cht to mi v nh cy hay c gia v hay mi sa. Cht kch thch hng v: Cc cht c bn nh mononatri glutamate, dinatriinosinate, dinatri guanylate. - Cht to ngt: ng tinh luyn, bt ngt, dextrose, fructose - Acid: acid citric, acid lactic, acid malic, acid acetic. I.1.10. Nc Chc nng quan trng nht l s hy hp, lm do gluten hnh thnh trong giai on nho bt, s cn xng ca nc vi bt nho nh hng rt ln n cht lng bnh sau ny. GVHD: - 19 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Nu t nc bt s kh, cn tm s khng u, khi ct d b gy. Cn nhiu nc qu bt d b dnh t, kh ct, tn thi gian v nhit lng sy phi. Trong nc c ti hn 100 nguyn t ha hc v rt nhiu hp cht v c v hu c khc. bnh t c cht lng cao nh mong mun th nc a vo sn xut phi m bo sch, khng ln cc cht gy nh hng ti cht lung ca bnh. c bit l nc phi loi b cng, cng ca nuc < 7-9 mg/l, cc cht khong phn hy trong nc nh: st, canxi, magi, ng, nhm..xut hin s gy nn s hydrat ha tht thng ca bt m. Mt khc ion st v ng hot ng nh cht xc tc lm i v xut hin cc mu sc khng mong mun cho sn phm. I.2. IU KIN VN CHUYN NGUYN LIU Nguyn liu c vn chuyn bng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: tu xe, tu b nhng phi m bo an ton cho nguyn liu. Cc phng tin phi sch s v c mi che. Trc khi xp nguyn liu ln xe cn phi v sinh sch s. Khng c vn chuyn nguyn liu trn nhng phng tin bn hoc trc mi cha hng ha c mi c bit, c tnh c hi. Cht hng ln phng tin vn chuyn phi nh nhng, khng nn qu mc ln nhau. I.3. LU KHO BO QUN NGUYN LIU. Nguyn liu trc khi lu kho cn phi kim tra v cc thng s ha l, ha hc, sinh hc, cc ch s v tnh cm quan cho nguyn liu. Nguyn liu phi c chia theo nhm, loi v c sp xp ln pallet v lu vo kho. Kho phi m bo sch s, khng dt(phi t yu cu v kho). Nguyn liu phi c bo qun ni kh ro, thong mt, sch s. Trong qu trnh bo qun phi thng xuyn kim tra nguyn liu trnh s xm nhp ca cn trng, su mt. Mi loi nguyn liu phi bo qun mi ni khc nhau. Ring seasoning th phi bo qun trong kho lnh.
GVHD:
- 20 -
I.4. TIU CHUN CHT LNG NGUYN LIU I.4.1. Bt m: Theo TCVN 4359 Bng 7: Tiu chun cht lng ca bt m STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 I.4.2. ng GVHD: - 21 Tn ch tiu Mu sc Mi V Tp cht v c Su mt m mn Hm lng gluten t acid Tp cht Fe Protein Lipid Tro Glucid Cellulose Yu cu Trng hoc trng ng Khng mc, khng c mi l Khng chua ng, khng c v l Khng c sn Khng c 13,5% Khng vn cc 30% 0,75% (theo trng lng kh) 3,5% 8 11% 1,4% 0,7% 70,3% 0,3%
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Bng 8: Tiu chun cht lng ca ng STT 1 2 3 4 Tn ch tiu pol ng kh Tro dn in mu Yu cu 99,8% 0,04% 0,03% 70Cu
I.4.3. Tinh bt Bng 9: Tiu chun cht lng tinh bt STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mu sc Mi V Tp cht v c Su mt m mn Hm lng gluten t chua Tn ch tiu Trng Thm c trng, khng c mi mc l, khng c mi chua Khng chua ng, khng c v l Khng c sn Khng c 14% Khng vn cc 30% 30ml NaOH 0,1N/100g bt Yu cu
I.4.4. Mui Bng 10: Tiu chun cht lng ca mui STT 1 2 3 4 GVHD: Tn ch tiu Mu sc Tp cht tinh khit m Yu cu Trng Khng c 99,9% 0,15% - 22 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset 5 6 7 8 9 Ca (ppm) Mg (ppm) SO42- (ppm) K4Fe(CN)6 (ppm) Ion Fe (ppm) 15 ppm 1 ppm 200 ppm 10 ppm 5 ppm
I.4.5. Bt ni Bng 11: Tiu chun cht lng bt ni STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tn ch tiu Mu sc Mi v Trng thi Tp cht Su mt m CO2 PH (5%) E.coli CFU/g Coliform CFU/g Yu cu Trng Sn phm thm, mm xp Nhuyn mn, khng vn cc Khng c sn, ct Khng c c 15% 15% 6,8 7,0 Khng pht hin Khng pht hin
I.4.6. Bt ngt Bng 12: Tiu chun cht lng bt ngt STT 1 2 3 Tn ch tiu Mu sc Tp cht tinh khit Yu cu Tinh th khng mu hoc mu trng Khng c 99%
GVHD:
- 23 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset 4 5 6 7 8 9 m Coliform MPN/g ClpH (10%) Kim loi nng (As, Pb) As2O3 0,20% Khng pht hin 0,20% 6,8 7,2 10 ppm 2 ppm
I.4.7. Du Olein tinh luyn Bng 13: Tiu chun cht lng du Olein tinh luyn STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tn ch tiu Mu sc Tp cht tinh khit m Coliform MPN/g ClpH (10%) Kim loi nng (As, Pb) As2O3 Yu cu Tinh th khng mu hoc mu trng Khng c 99% 0,20% Khng pht hin 0,20% 6,8 7,2 10 ppm 2 ppm
I.4.8. Shortening Bng 14: Tiu chun cht lng ca Shortening
GVHD:
- 24 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset STT 1 Tn ch tiu Cm quan Yu cu Trng c, b mt lng bng, khng mi hoc mu c trng ca du, khng b gt 2 3 4 5 Ch s acid Tro dn in mu Tp cht du hay b hi < 0,5 (0,2 0,3mg KOH/g mu) < 0,1 (ml NaS2O3 0,002N/g mu) 40 50oC Khng c tp cht
I.4.9. Seasoning Bng 15: Tiu chun cht lng ca Seasoning STT 1 2 3 4 5 Tn ch tiu Mu sc Hng v Trng thi Tp cht Seosoning v tht m Mui (NaCl) E.coli CFU/g Coliform CFU/g 6 Seasoning v hi sn m Mui (NaCl) E.coli CFU/g Coliform CFU/g GVHD: 6,0% 19,5 23,5% Khng pht hin 10 - 25 7,0% 17,0 19,0% Khng pht hin 10% Yu cu Mu vng sng, khng vn c Khng c mi hi kht, mi l Dng lng 0,10%
Nguyn liu
CHNG II: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BNH

Chun b thnh phn
SNACK
II.1. S QUY TRNH SN XUT BNH SNACK Trn bt Nu Cn bt nho Sy s b Qun Ct Sy 1 Sy 2 GVHD: Rang tm ng gi Thnh phm - 26 -
II.2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH II.2.1. Cn nguyn liu II.2.1.1. Mc ch Cn nguyn liu cho ng khi lng, chun b cho qu trnh trn. II.2.1.2. Yu cu Nguyn liu c cn ng theo cng thc. V bao ng yu cu, chun b cho qu trnh trn. II.2.1.3. Cch tin hnh Tin hnh cn tng loi nguyn liu theo ng khi lng. II.2.1.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh cn Qu trnh cn khng lm bin i tnh cht nguyn liu II.2.1.5. Cc thng s k thut Cc thnh phn ging nhau ca tt c cc loi phi gm: bt m, bt go, bt sn, bt bp, ng, mui, bt n. Ring bt ngt khng s dng cc dng snack ngt. Vi cc loi phi khc nhau th mi loi bt trn s dng mt lng khc nhau. Ngoi ra do tnh cht ca tng dng sn phm m cn c mi loi bt ring bit gp phn to hng v c trng nh bt hnh, bt b, bt t, bt mc, bt g, bt tm, bt b, bt heo
GVHD:
- 27 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Ngoi nhng loi bt cng ty cn s dng nguyn liu ti nh khoai ty, bt khoai ty, tm ti hoc c nc mm trong cc dng sn phm snack hin ti. II.2.2. Trn bt II.2.2.1. Mc ch Trn u cc thnh phn nguyn liu. II.2.2.2. Yu cu Cc thnh phn ca nguyn liu to thnh hn hp ng nht. II.2.2.3. Cch tin hnh: ( c trnh by k phn My v thit b). bt v gia v vo bn trn. ng np v ci t thi gian. Khi t thi gian trn, my t ng ngng, ta tin hnh tho bt vo bao theo quy nh. II.2.2.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh trn Qu trnh trn khng gy ra s bin i trong thnh phn nguyn liu. II.2.2.5. Cc thng s k thut Khi lng mt m trn: 513kg. Sau chia thnh 21m nh, mi m khong 24kg. Nu c bt chm mi m gim cn 21kg Thi gian trn: 15 pht II.2.3. Nu II.2.3.1. Mc ch Khuy trn hn hp ng nht. Lm chn hn hp, chuyn t khi bt ri sang dng paste. Tiu dit vi sinh vt. To iu kin thun li cho cng on cn. II.2.3.2. Yu cu Bt i qua cng on ny phi chn u, khng c sng, mu sc ng u, khng qu kh hoc qu nho. II.2.3.3. Cch tin hnh ( c trnh by k phn My v thit b). - Trc khi nu phi v sinh ni nu bng hi 5 pht cho sch s, cho my chy khng ti xem hi vo my c khng, sau kim tra t yu cu th bt u nu. - Khi nu ta bao bt trn vo tip cho khong 200gr shortening vo ( gim dnh ca bt vo thnh ni, ngoi ra cn lm cho bnh c v bo, thm ngon hn). GVHD: - 28 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Nu c bt chm ta gim lng bt ban u v lng nc li. Bt chm c bt t v bt kh: + Bt t: Ra ca qu trnh ct, em ngm trong nc lnh n khi no mm th vt ra nu. Phn ri vi trong qu trnh sy em xay kh ri ngm nc lnh khong 2h trc khi nu. + Bt kh: Ti cng on cn c b phn ct ra tm bt m bo dy u v nhn cho tm bt, phn ra ct ra cn mm ta em i nu li ngay m khng cn ngm. - Khi cho cc th trn vo ni nu, ta bt u cho my hot ng. Mt pht u trn bt kh, thi gian nu mt m l 11 pht: 2 pht 30 giy u ta nu na hi v 8 pht 30 giy sau nu ht hi. Lng nc cho vo nu khong 7 10 lt ( my t ng canh). Nhit nu bng nhit hi p sut bo ha, di p sut hi l 4 5kg/cm2 trong khong 11 pht. - Khi bt chn np ni t ng m ra v ta m np di x bt xung mng II.2.3.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh nu a. Bin i vt l: - Bin i v nhit : Trong qu trnh un nng, do s chnh lch v nhit gia khi bt v ngun nhit, nguyn liu tng dn nhit , nhit tng dn t ngoi vo trong khi bt. Nhng im c cng khong cch n ngun nhit th nhit bng nhau. Do vy vt liu s hnh thnh trng nhit trong lp ngoi cng cao nht, trung tm th nhit thp nht - S truyn nhit trong vt liu bng cch dn nhit. - S bin i trng thi vt liu: khi un nng vt liu bin i trng thi tn ti, chuyn t dng rn sang dng paste. - S thay i th tch: th tch ca vt liu tng ln khi nu do s trng n ca tinh bt v bt m. - S bin i mu sc: Nguyn nhn lm thay i mu sc l do s thay i kh nng hp th v phn x nh sng ca vt liu do tc ng ca nhit cao. b. Bin i v ha hc: Cc ch tiu nh nht, ha tancng d b thay i nhit cao, nht tng, nhit lm tng tc ca mt s phn ng. Kt qu ca s xc tin cc phn ng ha hc l s bin i thnh phn ha hc trong vt liu, mt s to thnh pectin, cht thm, cht lm tng cht lng sn phm. c. Bin i cu trc t bo:
GVHD:
- 29 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Di tc dng ca nhit cao, cht nguyn sinh trong t bo b ng t, mng t bo b ph hy lm mt tnh bn thm, khng kh v hi nc trong cc gian bo thot ra ngoi, lm STT Thng s k thut 1 Khi lng bt 2 p sut hi 3 Lng nc 4 Thi gian nu 5 Lng shortening 6 Bt t quay vng 7 Bt kh quay vng cho cu trc ton khi tr nn bn cht. II.2.3.5. Cc thng s k thut Bng 17: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on nu Snack que tm 24kg 0,2 0,4Mpa 8,5 lt 11 pht 100g Max 4kg Max 3kg
II.2.3.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 18: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on nu STT S c Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
GVHD:
- 30 -
- ng ng dn hi b ngt, - Sau 8h tin hnh thong ng khng v sinh dn n lng hi mt ln hi khng cho m nu 1 Bt sng - Lng nc cho vo nu - Kim tra li vic ci t khng - Thi gian nu khng lng nc, khi lng v cht lng bt ban u - Kim tra li vic ci t thi gian, khi lng v cht lng bt - Lng nc d 2 Bt nho - Kim tra li vic ci t lng nc, khi lng v cht lng bt - Kim tra hot ng ca van x nc t ng - Lng nc khng 3 Bt kh - Kim tra li vic ci t lng nc, khi lng v cht lng bt - Kim tra hot ng ca van x nc t ng II.2.4. Cn bt nho II.2.4.1. Mc ch L qu trnh cn khi bt nho thnh tm mng, c dy mng khc nhau ty theo yu cu tng loi, gm trc cn th v trc cn tinh. II.2.4.2. Yu cu Phi sau khi cn c dy mng ng u, ng dy ca tng loi phi, l phi cn ra phi trong, nu i vi phi li th bt khng c lp l li qu nhiu ( v lp nhiu qu phi c th b chai). II.2.4.3. Cc bin i trong qu trnh cn GVHD: - 31 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Bt chuyn t dng khi sang dng tm c kch thc theo yu cu II.2.4.4. Cch tin hnh ( c trnh by k phn My v thit b). - Bt sau khi nu xong c x xung mng hng bt, ri xung trc cn. Khi ng 2 motor s lm hai trc cn chuyn ng + Trc cn th: Cn bt thnh tm c dy khong 5mm, gm c 2 trc t song song nhau v c chiu quay ngc nhau, cp trc c th quay c nh tay quay. + Trc cn tinh: Bt qua trc cn tinh s mn v mng hn, di s tng ln do lc ny protein trng n hon ton. - Cn tinh cng gm c hai trc cn nhng c trc cn nh hn trc cn th - i vi trc cn th ta c th iu chnh cho bt cn nhiu hay t trong qu trnh cn cn trc cn tinh c gi c nh khi t c dy cn thit. - c c tm phi p th ta phi iu chnh phi i qua gia trc cn, phi phi chy lin tc khng t qung. ng thi n cn ph thuc vo cht lng phi sau khi nu (nu bt nu qa kh hay qu nho cng nh hng n qu trnh cn). Bt sau khi nu phi cn ngay (nu khng bt s b kh cng li khng cn c). Sau khi bt cn xong theo bng ti vo thit b sy s b. II.2.4.5. Cc thng s k thut - Chiu rng phi cn 340 +/- 10mm - B dy phi cn: 1,5 1,7 mm II.2.4.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc Bng 19: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on cn STT 1 S c L bt dy hoc mng hn quy nh 2 Ra ct qu nhiu Nguyn nhn Khe h gia cp trc cn qu rng hoc qu hp B rng ca khe iu chnh b rng l bt ln. Dao ct ra b lch 3 L bt b rch Thiu bt, bt b qu kh hoc qu t GVHD: iu chnh li rng ca khe, iu chnh dao ct ra. Qa trnh nu phi lin tc v u n - 32 Cch khc phc Chnh li trc cn tinh
L bt b sn si
Bt b qu kh
iu chnh t l bt cho vo nu
II.2.5. Sy v lm ngui b mt II.2.5.1. Mc ch Bnh sau khi cn c lm ngui s b bng gin bng ti c qut lm ngui bnh thun li cho qu trnh cun bnh. II.2.5.2. Yu cu - B mt bnh ro nc, khi cun khng b t v dnh bt vo bao plastic. - Phi khng qu kh cng khng b t.
II.2.5.3. Cch tin hnh ( c trnh by k phn My v thit b). Khng kh c t nng nh calorife c tc dng lm ro b mt phi trn bng ti, tip phi tip tc theo bng ti qua h thng 4 qut lm ngui phi theo yu cu. II.2.5.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy v lm ngui m trn b mt khuch tn nh. Cc lin kt ni sp xp li h tr qu trnh nh hnh. II.2.5.5. Cc thng s k thut - Nhit l phi sau sy s b: 50oC - Nhit l phi sau khi lm ngui: 26 30oC II.2.5.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 20: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on sy s b STT S c Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc
- Lng nc trong qu - Tin hnh nu li phi 1 trnh nu khng lm - Gam nhit sy Phi b kh b mt phi b kh - Nhit sy thp hn quy nh 2 Phi t b mt GVHD: - Lng nc trong qu - Tin hnh nu li phi - 33 - Tt bt qut lm mt
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset trnh nu khng lm - Gam nhit sy phi b kh - Nhit sy thp hn quy nh II.2.6. Cun II.2.6.1. Mc ch Bnh c cun thnh tng cun chun b cho qu trnh lnh. II.2.6.2. Yu cu Phi c cun kn trong bao plastic, gn, p. - Tt bt qut lm mt
II.2.6.3. Cch tin hnh - Phi ra khi bng ti lm ngui c qun thnh cun nh ng inox di khong 40cm. Lp plastic c cun xen gia hai lp phi phi khng b bm dnh vo nhau v gi m cho phi. - Phi sau khi qun xong c gc ln xe y v a vo phng lnh. II.2.6.4. Cc thng s k thut - Khi lng cun phi: 10 12kg. - 56 cun/xe. II.2.6.5. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 21: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on cun STT S c Nguyn nhn Bao plastic b gp li trong qu trnh cun Cch khc phc G cun phi v qun li, trong qu trnh cun cng nhn phi ch khng bao b gp Phi dnh bt 2 vo bao plastic - Gim lng nc trong qu trnh nu - Kim tra li nhit sy s b v tc qut lm ngui
Phi qun b h
B mt phi qu t
GVHD:
- 34 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.2.7. lnh II.2.7.1. Mc ch Phn b m u trong l phi, to b mt lng. II.2.7.2. Yu cu - Phi c tr lnh phi c b mt kh ro, khng b dnh bt khi ct. - Phi c mm do.
II.2.7.3. Cch tin hnh - Trc khi a phi vo phng lnh cn v sinh phng lnh sch s, iu chnh nhit phng t 18 25oC. - y xe cha cc cun phi vo, tin hnh tr lnh. II.2.7.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh C s phn b li m ca l phi trong qu trnh lnh,nhm nh hnh li cu trc, gia tng kt cu bn cht ca l phi, lm cho l phi c mm do thun tin cho cng on to hnh, nh qu trnh lnh m phi sau qu trnh sy c b mt ln, khng b rn nt. II.2.7.5. Cc thng s k thut - Nhit tr lnh: 18 25oC. - Thi gian tr lnh: 12 24h. II.2.7.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 22: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on ln STT 1 S c Phi b kh Nguyn nhn Phi b h do qu trnh qun khng t - S dng li bao plastic nhiu ln - Phi t GVHD: Cch khc phc Qu trnh qun phi phi cn thn, khng c h phi - Khng s dng li bao qu 3 ln - Loi b phi b t trong qu trnh cun - 35 -
Phi b mc
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.2.8. Sy ln 1 II.2.8.1. Mc ch Sy phi n m quy nh, sy lm gim lng nc t do c trong phi, lm cho vi sinh vt kh pht trin bo qun sn phm lu hn. Ngoi ra sy cn c tc dng nh hnh li cu trc ca phi. II.2.8.2. Yu cu - Phi sy t m quy nh. - Phi khng b dnh vo nhau. II.2.8.3. Cch tin hnh phi vo my sy, phi theo h thng bng ti sau tin hnh sy phi theo cc thng s k thut. II.2.8.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy 1 - Phi c hin tng gim th tch, gim khi lng do s bay hi nc. - Giai on u cu qu trnh sy, do s chnh lch p sut hi ti b mt nguyn liu v trong tc nhn sy, nh m cc phn t nc ti b mt nguyn liu s bc hi. - Giai on sau, xy ra s chnh lch m ti b mt v tm ca nguyn liu, nh vy m m ti tm nguyn liu s khuch tn ra vng b mt. Qu trnh i chuyn m xy ra n khi t m quy nh. II.2.8.5. Cc thng s k thut Bng 23: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on sy 1 STT 1 2 3 4 5 Cc thng s dy phi (mm) Khi lng (kg) Nhit sy (oC) Thi gian sy (h) m sau sy ( %) Gi tr 10 12 1300 +/- 100 70 2h30 3h Thng 12+/ - 1
II.2.8.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 24: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on sy 1 STT 1 S c m phi cao hn quy nh GVHD: Nguyn nhn - Nhit sy khng t - Thi gian sy cha Cch khc phc - Kim tra li p lc hi - Tip tc sy n m quy - 36 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset nh - n nh phi, hi m nu m thp hn quy nh - Xc nh m phi ng tn sut II.2.9. sau sy 1 II.2.9.1. Mc ch - D tr phi cho sn xut. - Cng on ny gip cho phi sau qu trnh sy 2 khng b rn b mt. II.2.9.2. Yu cu Tin hnh ng thi gian quy nh. II.2.9.3. Cc bin i m phn b u trong phi. II.2.9.4. Cch tin hnh Xp cc bao phi vo pallet, chuyn vo phng cha v gi nhit phng. II.2.9.5. Cc thng s k thut - Nhit : nhit phng. - Thi gian : t nht 3 ngy mi em s dng cho cc cng on sau (sy 2 v rang chin) II.2.10. Sy ln 2 II.2.10.1. Mc ch Sau giai on sy ln 1, phi bnh hnh thnh lp v cng bn ngoi nhm trnh hin tng thot m giai on tip theo. V s c mt ca lp v ny, nu t ngt rang n s dn n chy m cha chn, nn mc ch ca giai on sy 2 l nng dn nhit trong phi cng nh gim m to iu kin ti u cho qu trnh rang. II.2.10.2. Yu cu Phi c sy n m quy nh. II.2.10.3. Cc bin i trong qu trnh sy Qu trnh sy 2 xy ra qu trnh khuch tn m tng t qu trnh sy 1, tuy nhin m khuch tn chm trong thi gian di n m quy nh. GVHD: - 37 -
m phi thp hn quy nh
- Nhit sy qu cao - Thi gian sy cha lu
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.2.10.4. Cch tin hnh - phi vo thng quay, y np, khi ng cho thng quay. - Bt in tr, tin hnh sy iu kin nhit v thi gian quy nh.
II.2.10.5. Cc thng s k thut Bng 25: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on sy ln 2 STT 1 2 3 4 5 Cc thng s dy phi (mm) Khi lng (kg) Nhit sy (oC) Thi gian sy (h) m sau sy (%) Gi tr 10 12 250 +/- 10 60 - 70 6 Thng 8.5 +/- 0,5
II.2.10.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 26: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on sy ln 2 STT 1 S c Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc - Kim tra nhit sy - Tip tc sy n m quy nh II.2.11. Rang II.2.11.1.Mc ch Lm chn, to dng v mu sc cho sn phm. Ngoi ra, rang cn gip lm thy phn sn phm, tiu dit vi sinh vt, ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. II.2.11.2. Yu cu Phi sau qu trnh rang khng b sng hay chy. Mu sc phi ng u, phi n, gin. II.2.11.3. Cch tin hnh Nng nhit bn rang n nhit quy nh. Sau , a phi t cng on sy 2 vo bn rang bng h thng gu ti. Tin hnh rang theo cc thng s k thut quy nh ng vi tng GVHD: - 38 -
m phi cao hn - Nhit sy khng t quy nh - Thi gian sy cha
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset sn phm. Phi sau rang c chuyn ra bng bng ti vo bn tm. Trong qu trnh di chuyn qua bng ti, cc phi khng t yu cu c loi b.
II.2.11.4. Cc bin i ca qu trnh rang a. Bin i vt l: Qu trnh rang lm xy ra nhiu bin i trong nguyn liu, in hnh nh s gia tng nhit , s khuch tn cht bo t mi trng gia nhit vo bn trong sn phm, s ha tan v khuch tn t nguyn liu i vo mi trng gia nhit Nhng bin i trn lm nguyn liu thay i: t trng gim, th tch tng. b. Bin i ha hc: Nhit cao trong qu trnh rang l tc nhn thc y nhiu phn ng ha hc xy ra trong c hai phn ng quan trng nh hng n gi tr cm quan ca thc phm: Phn ng Mailard v phn ng Caramen ha. Hai phn ng ny lm cho sn phm rang c mu sm, ngoi ra cn gp phn to nn mi c trng cho sn phm. Trong qu trnh rang cn xy ra nhiu phn ng khc, v d nh cc phn ng phn hy vitamin lm gim gi tr dinh dng. c. Bin i ha l: Trong qu trnh rang, nhit cao s lm nc trong thc phm chuyn pha, hin tng ny lm cho bnh sau khi rang c m thp hn trc khi rang. Bin i sinh hc v ha sinh: Qu trnh rang lm gim mt vi sinh vt trong thc phm, tng thi gian bo qun thc phm. Trong qu trnh ny xy ra phn ng lm bin tnh protein. II.2.11.5. Cc thng s k thut Bng 27: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on rang Tn sn phm Thng s Tc phi vo bn rang (kg/ph) Tc phi sau rang (kg/ph) Nhit rang (oC) Tc gi L-R (Hz) GVHD: Snack que tm 2,0 2,2 2,0 250 230 (+/-10) 60 45 - 39 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Tc bn rang rung 44 46 70
II.2.11.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 28: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on rang STT 1 2 3 S c Phi sng Phi chy Phi c mu khng u Nguyn nhn Nhit rang thp Nhit rang cao dy phi khng ng u II.2.12. Tm II.2.12.1. Mc ch To v c trng cho sn phm: Nu gia v c b sung vo sn phm trc khi rang th nhng nguyn liu d bay hi s bc hi cng vi hi nc khi sn phm n. Ngoi ra, cc thnh phn ca gia v cn gy tr ngi i vi vic hnh thnh cu trc ca sn phm, nht l khi sn phm cha nhiu cht bo. II.2.12.2. Yu cu Sn phm sau qu trnh rang phi t cc tiu chun cho bng sau: Bng 29: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on tm Thng s T khi sau tm (g/l) m sau phi tm (%) FFA du (%) II.2.12.3. Cch tin hnh Phi sau rang c dn qua h thng tm. Tin hnh tm theo cc thng s k thut quy nh ng vi tng sn phm. Gia v phun ngay sau du. Trong qu trnh di chuyn qua bng ti, cc phi khng t yu cu c loi b. II.2.12.4. Cc bin i Ch yu l xy ra cc bin i ha l. Cc cht mu mi v cc cht to v s hp ph ln trn b mt v thm thu mt phn vo bn trong sn phm. GVHD: - 40 Snack que tm 85 100 <3 <0,5 Cch khc phc Kim sot nhit rang Kim sot nhit rang Kim sot t khu cn
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.2.12.3. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 30: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on tm STT S c 1 Nguyn nhn Cch khc phc V sinh sch s vt ti, thay gia v kh. iu chnh vt ti Thm gia v, khc phc hin 2 3 Gia v khng phun Phi b dnh bt Ht gia v, vt ti b ngt tng vt ti b nght Loi phi b dnh bt, v sinh tm
Ngt vt ti chuyn Gia v b m, vt ti b lch gia v
Bn tm b dnh gia v bn tm trc khi tin hnh chy nc
II.2.13. Bao gi II.2.13.1. Mc ch - Bao gi v trang tr bao b l qu trnh quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut thc phm. y l mt qu trnh tng hp bao gm qa trnh chun b bao b, chun b cho sn phm vo bao b, ng bao, trnh by, trang tr, hon thin sn phm. - Cng on bao gi sn phm trc khi a n ngi tiu dng c thc hin nhm cc mc ch sau: + Mc ch vn chuyn: Tng kh nng chu tc ng c hc ca thc phm, ngoi ra cn to iu kin tt cho qa trnh bc xp c nhanh chng gn gang, tng h s s dng trng ti ca cc phng tin chuyn ch. + Mc ch bo qun: Bnh snack l loi d b bin i v cht lng khi chu tc ng ca cc yu t bn ngoi nh nhit , m, nh sng, vi sinh vtDo tng thi gian bo qun , bnh snack s c bao gi trong bao b c kh nng chng m, nc, mi, cht c, cht bn t mi trng. + Mc ch hon thin: Hon thin gip tng hnh thc b ngoi cho sn phm, lm cho sn phm hp dn hn, y c xem nh mt ch tiu cht lng quan trng trong ton b cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng sn phm.
GVHD:
- 41 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Gip ngi tiu dng d nhn bit mt s tnh cht cu sn phm thng qua nhng thng tin trn bao b. Vic chia sn phm ra thnh nhiu gi c khi lng khc nhau gip thun tin cho ngi bn v hp vi ti tin ngi tiu dng. II.2.13.2. Yu cu - Mi ghp lng khng b x, khng lch bng. - Mi ghp trn v di khng b x hay nhn mi ghp. - Lng khng kh ( phng) t yu cu. - Ngy sn xut v hn s dng c in r rng v ng v tr. II.2.13.3. Cch tin hnh Bnh snack sau khi rang tm c vn chuyn vo phng bao gi. Ti y bnh s c my ng gi vi khi lng 9g, 18g hoc 24g. Sn phm sau khi ra khi my s c kim tra cc ch tiu nu t yu cu s c ng bch (20 gi/bch) qua mng y v c ghp m bng my ghp m. Bnh snack ng bch c cn 5 pht/ln, nu t khi lng s c ng thnh cy hoc thng (10 bch/ cy thng). II.2.13.4. Cc bin i trong qu trnh bao gi Tc ng c hc lm phi d v II.2.13.5. Cc thng s k thut Bng 31: Cc thng s k thut ca cng on bao gi STT 1 2 3 4 5 Thng s k thut Khi lng tnh Lng khng kh Mi ghp lng Mi ghp trn v di Ghi code Snack que tm 6g/7g/9g/10g/18g/20g/24g 33/43 2mm Khng x, khng lch bng <2mm Khng x EXP: NNTTNN
II.2.13.6. Cc s c thng gp, nguyn nhn v cch khc phc Bng 32: Bng cc s c, nguyn nhn, cch khc phc cng on bao gi STT 1 2 3 GVHD: S c Khi lng gi bnh khng t Mi ghp lng b lch, b trng Mi ghp b h Phng php iu chnh Ci t li my iu chnh li V sinh li b phn hn nhit - 42 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset 4 5 6 7 My ct khng ng v tr Lng khng kh khng t My b nght Cc gi bnh dnh vo nhau iu chnh v tr bao b iu chnh p sut kh nn iu chnh li my Thay dao ct
II.2.13.7. phng ca bao b sn phm bnh snack Bng 33: Bng th hin phng ca bao b sn phm bnh snack Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SP V Loi SP 24 18 15 14 12 9 7 KL bao b 5.10 2.40 2.50 2.40 2.20 1.60 1.60 Target 29.10 20.40 17.50 16.40 14.20 10.60 8.60 Range T 26.94 18.78 16.15 15.14 13.12 9.79 7.97 Range 2T 24.78 17.16 14.80 13.88 12.04 8.98 7.34 Hold <24.78 <17.16 <14.80 <13.88 <13.89 <8.98 <7.34 phng 54 56 42 45 42 45 42 45 42 45 34 36 34 - 36 PL 50 52 38 40 38 40 38 40 38 40 30 32 30 - 32
Snack Gram Snack Snack Snack Snack Snack Snack
Ch thch: PL: phng Lt
II.2.13.8. c im bao b dng lm bnh snack Bnh snack c cu trc gin, xp, kh v vi nhng tnh cht c trng nh: nh, t trng thp, dn, c n phng cao, hnh dng sn phm a dng nn bao b bnh snack thng c cu to 5 lp: - Lp ngoi (graphics carrier). - Lp mc in. - Lp kt dnh. - Lp ngn cch. - Lp lm kn.
GVHD:
- 43 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Lp ngoi (graphics carrier): c lm bng OPP (Oriented Polypropylene) c tc dng tng cng chng m, tng cng cho bao b trng thng l, trnh try xc bo v lp mc in bn trong Lp mc in: cha tt c cc thng tin v sn phm theo quy nh v vic ghi nhn cho bao b hin hnh. Ni dung ghi nhn hng ha trn bao b sn phm: nh lng Ngy sn xut Hn s dng Thnh phn dinh dng Hng dn s dng Hng dn bo qun Lp kt dnh: c lm bng PE (Polypropylene), PVDC (Polyvinylidene dichloride) hay EVOH (Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol) kt hp vi OPP c tc dng kt dnh nh keo dn. Lp ngn cch: thng lm bng OPP c trng nhm, c tc dng ngn cn s tip xc vi mi trng, c th ngn c ti 99,9% nh sng. Lp lm kn: lm bng nha PP, nha PP s chy ra lm kn bao b khi ghp m
CHNG III: MY V THIT B TRONG SN XUT BNH SNACK

III.1. CN S dng cn bn 50kg v cn 25kg. III.2. THIT B TRN BT
GVHD:
- 44 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.2.1. S cu to
III.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng - Khi m dng in, cnh khuy quay trn u khi bt. - Bm ht nguyn liu sau trn. III.2.3. Hng dn vn hnh III.2.3.1. Chun b - Kim tra p sut kh nn t 4kg/cm2 (p m np). - Kim tra c vt l bn trong bn. - Chun b nguyn vt liu theo yu cu sn xut.
III.2.3.2. Vn hnh - Bt cng tc ngun, nhn nt m np nhp nguyn liu. - Nhn nt ng np. - Ci t thi gian v tc quay ca cnh khuy. - Nhn nt ON my bt u hot ng. - Sau khi hot ng ht thi gian quy nh my t tt. GVHD: - 45 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Nhn nt ON bm ly nguyn liu sau trn. III.2.3.4. Ngng my - Ngt ngun in chnh. - Ngt ngun kh nn. III.3. THIT B NI NU III.3.1. S cu to
III.3.2. Thng s k thut - in th: 3 pha 380 Volt. - Sc cha l nu: 25 30kg bt/m. - Cng sut motor: 7Hp. III.3.3. Nguyn l hot ng
GVHD:
- 46 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Cho nguyn liu v ph gia (bt quay vng, bt chm, shoterning) vo bn. Trong , c khong 22kg bt trn v 3 4kg bt quay vng hoc bt chm. Lng bt chm cho vo mi m nu khng qu 3kg. - Ci t p sut nu v thi gian nu cho tng loi phi. i vi phi dng que th p sut. - Trong qu trnh l 0.4 0.5Mpa (4 5kg/cm2), v thi gian nu l 11 pht. Trong vng 2 pht 30 giy u l qu trnh nng nhit t n nhit yu cu, 8 pht 30 giy cn li l qu trnh nu chn khi bt. - Khi ng cho motor ko cc tay trn hot ng trn u hn hp trong bn. - M van cho nc vo bn. Vi nguyn liu khng c bt chm th lng nc trong mi ln nu l 8 lt, nu c bt chm th lng nc cn dng cn 5 6 lt. - M van cho hi nng vo nu chn bt trong ni. Khi bt c cnh khuy (9) khuy u. Trong thi gian u, vi lng nc c cho vo, khi bt s xy ra qu trnh h ha tinh bt, thi gian cn li, hi nng cp vo ni s nu chn khi bt. Khi bt chn t ngoi vo tm nn nhit b mt khi bt ln hn tm khi bt. Nhit b mt bt khi chn (lc mi m np) o bng sng bn nhit l 87,60C. - M np cho khi bt chn ri xung khu cn. III.3.4. Hng dn vn hnh III.3.4.1. Chun b - Kim tra v sinh l nu (tp cht, cn trng, vt l, mi l, ), kim tra hi c vo khng. - Bt cng tc ON (1) m ngun in, ON (2) khi ng ng c, vn cng tc OFF Man Auto qua Auto, bt nt Cycle Start ng np trn v cho my chy khng ti trong khong 5 pht, nu thy khng c g bt cng tc OFF ngng my.
III.3.4.2. Vn hnh Cho bt, gia v, du shortening vo bn nu, bt nt Cycle Start ng np trn v bt u cho my chy theo quy trnh t ng: 1 pht u trn kh, sau 1 pht trn bt kh ng h 1 bt u chy, lc ny ta ang nu na hi vi p sut hi l t 4 5kg/cm 2. Khi trn ng h hin thi gian 2 pht 30 giy th ng h 1 tt, khi ng h 2 bt u chy, lc ny ta ang nu ht GVHD: - 47 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset hi vi p sut hi 4 5kg/cm2. Khi ng h 2 hin thi gian 8 pht 30 giy th ng h tt, ng thi np trn ca bn nu cng m ra, bt c nu chn, bm nt ON (4) m np y cho bt xung mng chun b cho nu m mi. III.3.4.3. Ngng my - Bt cng tc OFF tt my, tt ngun in. - V sinh ton b l nu, ni nu. III.4 MY CN BT III.4.1. S cu to
III.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng - My cn bt l thit b gm hai cp l cn th (2) v cn tinh (3). Hai l trong mi cp c chiu quay ngc nhau. Khong cch gia cp l cn th c iu chnh bi tay chnh l cn th (4). Trong , l cn th l cp l c nh, b mt trn, nhn nn cn c gi l l trn. Khi bt sau nu c chuyn xung mng hng bt (1) i qua cp l ny s c cn s b, khi bt c nh hnh thnh tm bt. Tm bt tip tc i qua l cn tinh ngay bn di nh hnh cho sn phm. Ty theo tng loi phi m ngi cng nhn s iu chnh khong cch gia hai cp l ny v thay loi cp l tng ng: gm cc l trn, l gai, l que, l l vi dy GVHD: - 48 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset phi khc nhau ty tng loi sn phm. dy l bt nm trong khong 1.1 - 4 mm. dy l bt ph thuc vo khong cch gia hai l l ch yu. Ngoi ra, cn ph thuc vn tc hai l so vi bng ti, qut gi thi mt,trc chn. - L bt theo bng ti (8) n b phn dao ct bin (7). Hai bn ra ca l bt c ct i, t b ngang tiu chun. L bt tip tc theo bng ti lm ngui n thit b sy s b. III.4.3. Hng dn vn hnh III.4.3.1. Chun b - Kim tra, v sinh my (tp cht, cn trng, vt l, ). - Cng nhn s dng keo trong dn kn dc theo l trn bo v mt l, m bo nhn cho tm bt. - Kim tra l chy ng theo yu cu sn phm. - Cng tc iu chnh tc l v bng ti ch OFF v ZERO. - Nhn cng tc chnh v bt cng tc iu chnh tc . - Cho my chy khng ti, bt nt 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 kim tra l cn, bng ti qut, my qun phi, m my sy, nu thy bnh thng th mi bt u cn. III.4.3.2. Vn hnh - Khi bt nu c th xung, bt nt s 1 m l cn th. Khi bt qua l cn th nhn nt s 2 m l cn tinh hot ng, hiu chnh tc l t thp ln cao. - Dng tay a bt vo l trn v di iu chnh dy ca l phi ty tng loi phi (c th kim tra bng thc o c bit). - Khi bt c p thnh tm, dng tay tch tm bt v a ln bng ti lm ngui. - Kim tra dy tm bt theo yu cu, hiu chnh nu cn thit. - Hiu chnh vn tc bng ti v qut cho ph hp theo yu cu cht lng. - a l bt qua dao ct bin, trn ng i c qut thi ngui. III.5. THIT B SY S B III.5.1. S cu to
GVHD:
- 49 -
III.5.2. Nguyn tc hot ng - Thit b sy s b l thit b sy kiu bng ti gm mt phng hnh ch nht di khong 75 80m, trong phng c 6 bung sy (4). Bn trong bung sy gm 7 tng sy gip ko di thi gian tip xc gia l phi vi nhit. Nhit ti mi im trong phng sy l nh nhau. Nhit ca l bt c o bng sensor gn v tr u ca phng sy s b, v y cng l nhit nh gi chung cho b phn ny. Qu trnh sy s b gip gim m l phi n m thch hp cho qu trnh lnh tip theo. - L phi sau ct ra tip tc c bng ti (5) a ln tng 7. Bng ti (5) chuyn ng ln lt qua 6 bung sy, xung tng tng bng ti, theo chiu ngc nhau. - Khi va ra khi bung sy, l phi c thit b qut gi (6) thi mt, ri theo mng dn (7) n khu vc cun. Phi sau khi c cun trong nilong s c em vo phng lnh. III.5.3. Hng dn vn hnh - Khi my sy hot ng, ta phi m cho van hi vo, van thot nc ngng v ci t nhit sy. GVHD: - 50 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Kt thc vn hnh: bt cc nt 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ct l cn phi, l cn tinh, bng ti vo qut sy, qut, bng ti trong my sy, my qun phi. - ng van hi li, tt ngun in, v sinh my, ni lm vic. III.6. MY CT PHI III.6.1. S cu to
III.6.2. Nguyn l hot ng - Khi dng in m, dng in gy nn chuyn ng trn ca h thng bnh , h thng ny c ni vi h thng ct v bng chuyn bng tay quay, nh vy chuyn ng trn ca bnh chuyn thnh chuyn ng tnh tin ca h thng ct v dy chuyn. - Ty tng loi phi m s dng loi dao ct tng ng. Phi l dao dng l, phi que dao dng que - Phi sau ct c theo mng ra ngoi.
GVHD:
- 51 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.6.3. Hng dn vn hnh III.6.3.1. Chun b - Kim tra kch thc dao ct dc xem c ph hp vi kch thc ngang sn phm cn ct khng, thay th nu cn thit. - Kim tra bc ct dao ct dc xem c ph hp vi kch thc dc ca sn phm cn ct khng, hiu chnh nu cn thit. - Cm in, bt cng tc cho my chy khng ti tc chm, kim tra tnh trng hot ng my xem c g bt thng khng. III.6.3.2. Vn hnh - Bt cng tc my. - a phi ct vo my. - Hiu chnh tc ct hp l. - Lun kim tra sn phm ct trong khi ct. - Nu c hin tng bt thng nh: ting ku l, sn phm ct khng u, khng t tt my bng nt dng khn cp v bo bo tr. III.6.3.3. Tt my - Tt my, rt cm ngun. - Ly ht sn phm khi my.
III.7. THIT B SY 1 III.7.1 S cu to
GVHD:
- 52 -
III.7.2. Thng s k thut - Vn tc bng ti: 60Hz. - Ngun in: 380V/ 50Hz. - Nng sut: max: 2 tn/h. III.7.3. Nguyn l hot ng Thit b sy 1 l thit b sy kiu bng ti gm mt phng hnh ch nht. Trong phng c ba bng ti v tn (6) (main conveyor) v cc bng ti v tn (3), (4), (5) bn ngoi phng sy a vt liu sy chuyn ng. H thng cc bng ti chuyn ng nh cc tang quay. Bng ti (6) c lm bng li kim loi, bng ti (4), (5): c lm bng si bng tm cao su, bng ti (3) c lm bng nha, c cc g a cc vt liu ln cao. Khng kh c t nng bng caloripher (10), c qut (8) ht v y v pha bng ti (6). Phi sau cng on ct c np vo bng ti (3), c bng ti (3) a ln cao v i vo bng ti (4), sau tip tc vo bng ti (5). Nh bng ti (5) chuyn ng qua li v rung m phi c ri u xung bng ti (6) trong phng sy. y, phi chuyn ng theo cc bng ti c chiu ngc nhau, do c xo trn v tip xc u vi khng kh nng. Sau khi i ht on bng ti cui cng ca h thng bng ti (6), phi c chuyn v bng ti (6) di GVHD: - 53 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset cng, n mng hng phi (2) bn ngoi bung sy, kt thc mt chu trnh. Qu trnh kt thc khi phi t c m quy nh. Phi c tho ra ti mng hng phi, lc ny bng ti ca mng hng (2) s chuyn ng ngc chiu vi lc sy phi. Phi c chuyn vo kho d tr, chun b a vo cng on sy 2. III.7.4. Hng dn vn hnh III.7.4.1. Chun b - S dng y trang thit b bo h lao ng. - Kim tra h thng hi, gi ca my. - M, kim tra h thng in ca my. - Vn hnh th my, khi thy an ton, chun b sy. III.7.4.2. Vn hnh - Bt cng tc chnh. - Bt cng tc bng ti. - Vn cng tc bng ti ri ch CHANGING. - Bt cng tc LIFT UP CONVEYOR. - Bt cng tc FEEDER CONVEYOR. - Bt cc cng tc qut gi. - Cho phi vo phu bng ti nng. - M van hi v iu chnh nhit mong mun. III.7.4.3. Ngng my - ng van hi. - Chuyn cng tc bng ti ri phi ch DISCHARGE. - Khi khng cn phi c trn bng ti, cp phi m tip theo vo bng ti nng hoc tt my.
III.8. THIT B SY 2
GVHD:
- 54 -
Ch thch: 1 n 2 Nt ha nhit 3 Cng tc m nhit 4 Start III.8.2. Nguyn tc hot ng - Khi m dng in, ng c chuyn in nng thnh chuyn ng quay ca h thng lng sy. - Ti h thng calorifer in nng chuyn thnh nhit nng sy phi. - M np nhp liu cho phi vo bn ngn ca lng sy, ti a mi ngn cha 60kg. - ng np li, tin hnh ci t thi gian sy, tc lng quay. III.8.3. Hng dn vn hnh III.8.3.1. Chun b - Chun b phi sy theo yu cu. - V sinh sch s bung sy v khu vc xung quanh. 5 Stop 6 Ca thot m 7 Motor 8 Lng sy
GVHD:
- 55 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.8.3.2. Vn hnh - Cho phi vo lng sy. - ng np. - iu chnh thi gian sy. - Bt cng tc ON. - iu chnh nhit theo yu cu, bt cng tc nhit . - Trong qu trnh vn hnh, lun theo di nhit hin th trn bng iu khin. III.8.3.3. Tt my. - Sau khi kt thc thi gian sy, nhn cng tc OFF tt my. - Kt thc qu trnh sy ly phi ra, v sinh thit b. III.9. THIT B RANG III.9.1. S cu to
III.9.2. Nguyn tc hot ng - Thit b rang bao gm phng rang (1), trong c bn rang (2) l mt hnh tr nm ngang, lm t thp khng r, chu c nhit cao v c th chuyn ng quay quanh trc ngang. Bn trong bn rang (2) c cc cnh tng din tch tip xc v hng dng vt liu. GVHD: - 56 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Bn rang c t nng trc tip bn ngoi bng ngn la t t gas (c dn trong ng ng (4)). - Phi sau cng on sy 2 c a ti khu rang chun b rang. Phi c chuyn vo phu tip liu (3) nh h thng gu ti. T phu tip liu, phi c phn phi vo bn rang (2) vi tc quay ty theo yu cu k thut. Bn rang (2) quay v c t nng ti nhit yu cu. Phi i bn trong bn rang v c o trn lin tc. Khi phi i ht on ng bn trong bn rang, s chn v c chuyn ra bng ti, tip tc i vo bn tm. V chiu di bng ti, tc bng ti l c nh nn nhit khi rang cng hai yu t trn phi ph hp vi nhau m bo ming phi va chn v nhit ca l phi khi vo phun du, phun gia v l 60 700C. III.9.3. Hng dn vn hnh III.9.3.1. Chun b - Tt cng c chnh, v sinh pha bn trong thng qua ca kim tra ca qut thi. - M van kh gas t, kim tra p sut gas l 250 300 mm Aq. III.9.3.2. Vn hnh - Bt cng tc chnh trong hp in iu khin, khi ng bn quay v iu chnh tc mong mun trn inverter (khong 10 100 Hz). - Bt cng tc qut tri v phi, ci t tc thp nht trn inverter (khong 25 60 Hz). - Ci t nhit rang theo yu cu. bt cng tc t tri, phi (ch : B t tri nm bn phi bng iu kin v ngc li). - Vn hnh b t la: + a nhit bn rang ln theo yu cu. Cho phi vo phu cp, hiu chnh ca cp phi v bt cng tc b rung. Hiu chnh cp phi hp l. + Khi phi c a vo bn quay, bt ON cng tc n kim tra c hai pha bung my. M l thng hi pha bn tri, sau m l chn gi bn di n kim tra. Lc ny ta c th nhn vo trong bn rang. Kim tra dng sn phm bn trong v hiu chnh tc qut gi bn tri va nm trn m kh. Nu phi b thi vng ra, ngha l tc qut qu mnh, hiu chnh li cho hp l. Hiu chnh tng t vi pha bn phi. Sau hiu chnh, tt cng tc n kim ra v ng l chn gi li, ng cc l thng hi. + Kim tra sn phm u ra, hiu chnh tc bn rang v nhit tri, phi bung t c sn phm theo yu cu. GVHD: - 57 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset + Sn phm nn c cp lin tc trong qu trnh rang. III.9.3.3. Ngng my - Tt cng tc b rung cp phi, ch sn phm ra ht khi bn rang. - Tt b t, kha van gas. Vn qut thi cho ti khi bn rang gim nhit di 1000C. M ca kim tra ca qut gi cho bn ngui nhanh. - Khi nhit bn rang gim v bnh thng, tt my v qut. - Tt cng tc chnh. III.10. H THNG TM GIA V III.10.1. S cu to
III.10.2. Nguyn tc hot ng - H thng tm gia v bao gm: phu np gia v (1), bn trong c cnh khuy (2) phn phi gia v vo vt ti (3). Vt ti (3) bao gm mt trc vt xon c quay c trong lng mt mng hnh tr, vn chuyn gia v theo phng nm ngang. B phn phun gia v (4) l mt phu hnh hoa sen, bn trong c cc cnh quay. ng ng dn du (5), dn du c gia nhit t bn cha du n vi phun du (6). Bn tm (7) l mt bn hnh tr rng nm ngang, c th quay quanh trc theo phng ngang, trong bn c cc cnh hng dng. GVHD: - 58 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Gia v c np vo phu np (1), c cnh khuy (2) khuy trn phn phi vo vt ti (3). Ti y gia v s c vn chuyn theo phng ngang n b phn phun gia v (4). Du trong bn cha du s c gia nhit n nhit quy nh ri c bm vo vi phun du (6). - Phi va rang xong cng on rang, s c bng ti chuyn ti bn tm (7). Phi s c tm du v gia v on u ca bn tm (7). Du s c phun trc gia v, nhng khi quan st th chng gn nh c phun cng lc. Du s ph mt lp o ln phi gip gia v bm vo phi d dng hn. Sau tip tc chuyn ng theo chuyn ng quay ca bn tm n cui bn tm. Nh chuyn ng quay, phi s c xo trn, thm u gia v v du. Phi s c ly ra cui bn tm. III.10.3. Hng dn vn hnh III.10.3.1. Chun b - M cng tc chnh. - Phu cp sn phm c m ln nht. - Cho gia v vo bn cha, hiu chnh lng gia v cn tm. - Cho du tm vo bn, a in tr vo trong bn v bt cng tc gia nhit, ci t nhit khong 50 600C (khng bt cng tc gia nhit khi cha a in tr vo trong du). - Khi nhit du t yu cu, hiu chnh tia v lng du cn tm. III.10.3.2. Vn hnh - Nhn cng tc CONVEYOR ON, cho sn phm rang chin vo phu hng. - Nhn cng tc TUNBER ON cung cp gia v tm, hiu chnh tc quay a gia v ra bng nm kim sot tc . - Nhn cng tc PUMP ON bt bm du tm, hiu chnh tc phun du. - M van kh nn thi gia v vo bnh, iu chnh lng kh nn ph hp. - Bt cng tc FEEDER ON cho gia v vo bnh, hiu chnh lng cung cp bng nm vn trn bng iu khin. - Bt cng tc trn u gia v bn trong bn cha (bt cng tc trong khi vt y gia v ang hot ng). - S dng y trang thit b bo h lao ng c cp. - Vn hnh th my 5 pht, khi thy my hot ng tt, chun b gia v, du sn xut. III.11. MY BAO GI
GVHD:
- 59 -
III.11.2. c tnh k thut - S dng hi nn vn hnh my. - Cng sut ng gi trung bnh 50 60 gi/pht. - Nhit p ngang: 127 +/ - 50C. - Nhit p bng: 138 +/ - 50C. - Lng khng kh ng vi gi 9g/18g: 33/34 +/- 2nm3. III.11.3. Nguyn l hot ng Khi my t ng lm vic, bng giy bng (cun) s to thnh ng, v tng chu k s cho ra mt lng sn phm nht nh. B phn hn nhit to ra mt m thng ng v mt m ngang ngn ng giy thnh nhng bao ng sn phm. Trn giy bng c in nhn hiu ca cng ty. GVHD: - 60 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.11.4. Hng dn vn hnh Trc khi vn hnh kim tra v sinh my (tp cht, cn trng, vt l, ), iu chnh con s ca my in date, iu chnh nhit p bao b, lp cun bao gi vo v tr, sau iu chnh v tr bao b cho ng. Tin hnh cho phi vo mng hng, vn hnh my bng cch bm nt Start trn hp iu chnh. Phi c tip lin tc trong qu trnh ng gi. Kt thc my bng cch nhn nt stop trn hp iu chnh, kim tra thit b trc khi ra v. III.12. NI HI L hi c xem nh qu tim ca nh my. Nu l hi gp s c th xem nh nh my ngng hot ng. V vy cng vic vn l hi l rt quan trng v nguy him. Ngi vn hnh l hi phi l ngi c kinh nghim, c chng ch ngnh ngh c nh nc cp. H thng l hi c nh nc qun l v kim nh theo nh k. III.12.1. S cu to
GVHD:
- 61 -
Ch thch: 1 ng h p sut 2 Van hi chnh 3 Van an ton 4 Nc 5 Hi nc 11 ng v du FO 12 X y III.12.2. Cc thng s ni hi - Nguyn liu t: du FO. - Ch t t ng. - Cng sut nh mc:10kg/cm2. GVHD: - 62 6 ng la 7 - ng khi 8 Bn du FO t 9 ng v du FO 10 ng nc vo 13 My nn kh 14 Gas mi 15 B t du FO
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Din tch truyn nhit: 34.61m2. - Kiu ni: ng l, ng la nm ngang. - Cng sut: 2400kg/h. Cc h thng ph ca l hi: H thng cp nc t b chnh. H thng thu hi nc ngng t. H thng cp du t b chnh. H thng cp hi cho cc phn xng.
GVHD:
- 63 -
CHNG IV: AN TON LAO NG PHNG CHY CHA CHY

IV.1. AN TON LAO NG Cc qui nh v thao tc vn hnh, sa cha c quy nh c th ti mi thit b: IV.1.1. My trn bt Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh C t nht ngi tr ln khi thao tc bn trong bn Khng a tay vo cc c cu ang chuyn ng. Khng t cn chnh, sa cha. Tt my v bo bo tr nu nghe ting ng l hoc thy c du hiu bt thng. Cng nhn khi vn hnh thit b phi eo khu trang. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.
ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton
Lu : Khng bt k vt no vo t in IV.1.2. Ni nu Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh Khng a tay vo cc c cu ang chuyn ng. Khng t cn chnh, sa Phi ng np inh, np y ca thit b trc khi tin hnh nu. Phi tt my trc khi m np inh v y y khi bt ra. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.
cha. Tt my v bo bo tr nu nghe ting ng l hoc thy c du hiu bt thng.
Lu : Khng bt k vt no vo t in IV.1.3. My cn bt Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr
ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton GVHD: - 64 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh Khng c a tay vo trong l cn khi cn ang chy. Khng c a tay vo dao ct ra phi, phi tt my trc khi ly bt dnh vo Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.
dao ct. Lu : Khng bt k vt no vo t in IV.1.4. Thit b sy s b Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn mi c vn hnh thit b Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh Nghim cm a tay vo thit b sy s b. Phi tt thit b sy trc khi a tay vo bt di phi cn. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in.
I.V.5. My sy 1 - Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh my. - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c iu khin my hot ng. Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr Khng m cc cnh ca bn hng khi my ang vn hnh Khi my gp s c khng t sa cha, tt my v bo vi ngi c trch nhim. Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in. ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton
I.V.1.6. My sy 2 - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c iu khin my hot ng. Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton. - Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh my. Khng a tay vo cc c cu ang chuyn ng. Khng t cn chnh, sa cha. Tt my bo tr nu nghe ting ku l v c du hit bt thng. - Khi sa cha my phi cp cu dao in v treo bng cm ng in. Lu : Khng vt no trong t in. GVHD: - 65 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset I.V.1.7. Thit b rang tm - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c iu khin my hot ng. Khng vn hnh thit b khi cc tm chn an ton thiu hoc khng ng v tr ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton. - Khng a gin khi ang vn hnh my. - Kim tra cc mi ni ng gas, xem c b x gas khng. Kha gas v bo bo tr nu b x - Tuyt i khng b v tr khi ang sn xut. - Khng th tay vo khi my ang hot ng. - Khng cho ngi khng c trch nhim vo trong khu vc sn xut. - Khi c s c khng c t sa cha, tt my, thong bo cho ngi c trch nhim. - Ch nhng ngi vn hnh my mi c s dng my IV.2. PHNG CHY CHA CHY (PCCC) IV.2.1. Ni quy PCCC m bo ti sn nh nc, tnh mng v ti sn nhn dn, bo v sn xut v trt t chung. Nay quy nh v PCCC nh sau: iu 1: Vic PCCC l ngha v ca mi cng dn. iu 2: Mi cng dn phi tch cc phng khng nn chy xy ra, ng thi chun b sn sng v lc lng, phng tin khi cn cha chy kp thi v c hiu qu. iu 3: Phi thn trng trong vic dng la, cc ngun nhit, ha cht v cc cht d chy n, c hi, phng x. Trit tun th v cc quy nh PCCC. iu 4: Cm cu, mc, s dng ngun in ty tin, sau gi lm vic phi kim tra cc thit b tiu th in. Ch n n, qut, bp in trc lc ra v. Khng hng ha, vt t p st vo hng n, dy in, phi tun th nghim ngt v kim tra an ton trong s dng n. iu 5: Vt t, hng ha phi xp gn gng, m bo khong cch an ton PCCC to iu kin thun li cho vic bo v, kim tra v cu cha khi cn thit. Khng dng kha m np phuy xng v cc dung mi d chy bng st, thp. iu 6: Khi giao nhn hng, xe khng c n my trong kho, ni cha nhiu cht d chy v khi u phi hng u xe ra ngoi. iu 7: Trn cc li i li nht l li thot him khng c chng ngi vt.
GVHD:
- 66 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset iu 8: n v hoc c nhn c thnh tch phng chy cha chy s c khen thng, ngi no vi phm cc quy nh trn ty trch nhim nng nh m b x l thi hnh k lut hnh chnh n truy t theo php lut hin hnh. IV.2.2. Tiu lnh cha chy. Bc 1: Khi xy ra chy phi bo ng gp. Bc 2: Cp cu dao in ni xy ra chy. Bc 3: Dng bnh cha chy, ct v nc dp chy. Bc 4: in thoi s 114 i cha chy chuyn nghip. IV.2.3. V tr t thit b PCCC ti khu vc sn xut bnh snack Bn cnh ca vo khu vc sn xut. Trn phng nu. Bn cnh ca vo kho lnh. Sau thit b sy 1. Bn cnh ca ra vo ni hi.
GVHD:
- 67 -
CHNG V: X L NC THI, PH THI V V SINH CNG NGHIP

V.1. X L PH THI V V SINH CNG NGHIP V.1.1. X l ph phm v ph phm V.1.1.1 Cc cng on sinh ph phm, ph phm Nguyn liu Chun b thnh phn Trn bt Nu Cn bt nho Sy s b Qun Ct Sy 1 Sy 2 Rang tm ng gi Thnh phm GVHD: - 68 Phi sng, phi chy Bao gi khng t yu cu Ra phi, Phi khng ng chun Bt b kh, nho,bt cha chn Ru l bt Bt cn khng ng chun
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset a. Cng on nu Bt kh, bt nho, bt cha chn: em nu li. b. Cng on cn Ru l bt, l bt cn khng ng chun: gi l bt quay vng, c thm vo cng vi bt cng on nu nu li, khi lng cho vo khng qu: 4kg/m nu. c. Cng on ct Ra phi, phi ct khng ng chun: c em ngm trong nc n khi mm, sau c thm vo cng vi bt cng on nu nu li, khi lng cho vo khng qu: 4kg/m nu. - Nu ra phi, phi ct khng ng chun cn li qu nhiu, khng nu li ht th c sy tht kh, sau xay thnh bt, bt ny gi l bt chm, b sung vo ni nu, nu li. Khi lng bt chm b sung vo khng qu 3kg/m nu. d. Cng on rang, tm Phi b sng, b chy, phi c kch thc khng ng chun c la ra v em bn cho c s chn nui. e. Cng on bao gi - Nhng gi khng t yu cu c x b bao b, thu li phi bao gi li. - Nhng phi , b nt s c thu gom, bn cho c s chn nui. V.1.1.2. Quy nh ph liu a. Khu vc bao b kh gm: - Bao b snack - Bao b cho - Thng carton - Bao bt: Tinh bt, bt bp, - Li giy: Phng gi. b. Khu vc nguyn liu kh gm: - Bt qut sn: Trn, nu. - Phi ch: Sn ph sy 1v sy 2, ph ct. - Bt dng se kh: Bt nu, ct, cn, qun. - Phi ch sau rang tm, phi ch phng gi.
GVHD:
- 69 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset c. Khu vc bt t gm: - Bt v sinh ng thng hi, ni nu. - Bt ht mng my cn. d. Rc thi Chi h, cy lau nh h, gi lau Lu : Tt c bao b, thng carton phi c ct gn gng. Cc bao bt phi c ct li 20 ci 1bao. Bt kh, bnh ph ct li. Bt t vo x nha. V.1.2 V sinh cng nghip V.1.2.1 Quy nh v sinh c nhn v an ton thc phm a. Mc ch Nhm m bo v sinh an ton thc phm trong qu trnh ch bin bo qun, p ng cc yu cu lut nh v thng nht chun mc kim tra v sinh c nhn ti phn xng. b. i tng quy nh Cng nhn sn xut. c. Ni dung yu cu - Cng nhn phi ra tay sch trc khi vo khu vc sn xut: + Bc 1: Ra s b bng nc sch cho t c hai bn tay. + Bc 2: Ly nc ra tay t bnh, bi ln hai bn tay. + Bc 3: Ch ra k hai lng bn tay. + Bc 4: Ch ra k hai mu bn tay. + Bc 5: Ch ra cc ngn tay v cc k ngn tay. + Bc 6: Ra hai bn tay bng nc sch. + Bc 7: Sy kh hai bn tay bng my sy. - Mc bo h y , i nn ng quy nh. - u tc gn gng, mng tay ct ngn. - Khng eo ng h, n trang. - Khng n qu vt, khc nh, ngm tm, a gin trong khu vc sn xut.
GVHD:
- 70 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset d. Gim st thc hin Nhn vin k thut c nhim v kim tra v sinh an ton thc phm ti cc cng on sn xut theo ng ch tiu, tn sut quy nh. V.1.2.2 Quy nh v sinh my mc thit b Bng 33: Quy nh v sinh my mc thit b STT Tn thit b My trn bt. Quy nh v sinh Tn sut
- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - Dng hi kh thi bi trong thit b ra ngoi. Dng chi qut sch thit b v khu vc xung quanh. b. - Tho mt s b phn cn thit ca my, lau ra sch - 1 ln/tun. bng nc hoc cn (700C). - Vo u v cui ca sn
Dng khn t lau sch bn trong v xung quanh thit xut.
Ni nu.
- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - Dng hi kh, chi qut, khn t v sinh hai u - 4h/ln. trc bn trong, bn ngoi, mng hng bt en, mng trt. - Dng nc lau ra sch cc bn ngm bt ra, bt - 1 m/ln. chm. - V sinh cc hc cha bt sau ni nu. - V sinh ng thot hi. - Tho mt s b phn cn thit ca my, lau ra sch bng nc hoc cn (70%). - 2h/ln. - 8h/ln. - 1 tun/ln.
My cn bt.
- Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - Dng hi xt bi, bt bm dnh trn my v thnh my, -Sau mi ln phu hng bt, sau dng khn t lau sch. Lau chi thay trc cn. cc l cn. - Tho mt s b phn cn thit ca my, lau ra sch - 1 tun/ln.
GVHD:
- 71 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset bng nc hoc cn. 4 My ct - Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - Lau chi cc dao ct v bi bm trn cc chi tit my. 5 Thit b sy s b. - Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - Dng hi xt bi, bt dnh trn b mt bng ti. - 1 tun/ln. Dng chi qut li, ri dng khn t lau sch. - V sinh b trao i nhit theo lch. (hng dn bo tr d phng). 6 My sy 1. - Cho my chy khng ti mt thi gian ngn m - 1 m/ln. bo khng cn phi trong my, trnh s ln ln gia cc loi phi khi vn hnh my tip theo. - Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - V sinh xung quanh my bng chi, hi xt, khn t. 7 My sy 2. - Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - V sinh cc bi v phi bm trn thnh my, bn trong - 1 m/ln. my v khu vc sn xut. - Trc khi v sinh phi tt cu dao in. - V sinh pha trong bung my bng cch m ca kim - 4h/ln. tra v lau chi bn trong. - V sinh xung quanh my. - 8h/ln. - 1ca/ ln.
Thit b rang.
V.2. H THNG S L NC THI CA NH MY V.2.1. Cc my mc v thit b ca h thng Bng 34: Bng lit k my v thit b ca h thng STT GVHD: Tn my hoc thit b Quy cch S lng Ghi ch - 72 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset 1 2 3 4 Bn phn ng Bm nc thi V = 10m3 Q = 5m3/h 04 04 04 Hiu kh Bm chm -
N = 0.75KW My thi kh Q = 5m3/h H thng ng ng dn kh, nc thi v cc van lin quan H thng iu khin v dy Song chn rc
5 6
01 -
V.2.2 S cu to h thng x l nc thi
V.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng y l h thng x l nc thi bng phng php ln men hiu kh hot ng tng m ni tip (SBR). S dng ch phm vi sinh B560 HV ca cng ty Bio Sytem International Inc. (USA). Nc thi ca nh my i theo ng ng (8), b p (10) ngn li, do s chy vo cc h (1), (2), (3). Cc h cha nc thi (1), (2), (3) c xy ngm di mt t v c thng GVHD: - 73 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset vi nhau. Bm (7) s bm nc thi t h (1) ln bn x l nc thi. Bn x l nc thi l mt bn hnh tr, bn trong c cy sn mt lng ch phm vi sinh B560 HV. My nn kh (6) to ra kh nn sc vo bn x l nc thi, to ra mt mi trng hiu kh trong thi gian t, sau khi x l xong, lng nc. Ch phm vi sinh s lng xung y bn, nc thi x l s c tho ra qua van (9). V.2.4. Quy trnh vn hnh V.2.4.1.Kim tra - Ngun in cung cp. - Tnh trng ca bn phn ng, ng ng dn kh, nc ( kn, van, ). - Song chn rc ( thng thong). - Tnh trng hot ng ca my bm, my thi kh ( rung, ting n ca bc n, nht ca my thi kh). Cht lng nc thi t cng on nu (nu cha phi nhiu, bt hoc du nht phi bo V.2.4.2. Vn hnh Bm nc thi t h gas vo bn phn ng theo tng t (ty thuc vo lng nc thi My thi kh hot ng t 2h 3h t ng tt 30 pht sau li tip tc chy vi chu ra t cng on nu). trnh trn. Tuyt i khng c tt my thi kh bng tay. - Nu h thng v men vi sinh hot ng n nh, ty thuc vo cht lng nc thi trong bn phn ng, theo cm quan nu thy nc chuyn sang mu nu vng (nc thi mi bm vo c mu trng c) ly mu nc lng, quan st nu thy phn nc bn trn tng i trong, bn hot tnh lng di c mu vng th c th tt my thi kh, lng bn khong 1h v m van x b phn nc pha trn bn phn ng ra ngoi. - Sau kha van x, tip tc bm nc vo, m my thi kh, bt u li quy trnh. - Theo thi gian, lng bn hot tnh (sinh khi) trong bn phn ng c th tng ln v mt khi lng. Trong , c mt phn b thoi ha, cn phi x b bt v thm men mi vo. - Ty thuc vo lng nc thi thc t m iu chnh cc thng s cho ph hp: + Thi gian ca chu trnh x l. + Lng x b sinh khi nh k. + Khi lng men cn thm vo. GVHD: - 74 ngay cho qun c phn xng Pallet).
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Lch vn hnh thc t: + Theo thc t, thi gian x l 1 m: 10h. + Thi gian lng: 1h. + Thi gian x nc: 1h. + S m x l trong 1 ngy: 2 m. V.2.5. CH PHM VI SINH S DNG Nh my s dng ch phm vi sinh B560 HV ca cng ty Bio System International Inc. (USA). Sn phm vi sinh ny bao gm h vi sinh vt ( hn 14 chng vi sinh) c chn lc, lm cho thch nghi v c tc nhn sinh khi ln , c bit thch nghi cao cho mc ch x l nc thi ngnh thc phm. V.2.5.1. Li ch ca B560 Gip thit lp h vi sinh trong h thng mi. Nng cao cht lng nc thi u ra, tng hiu qu x l cho h thng. Gim mi v ngn to bt. Gim BOD, COD, TSS. Tng hiu qu lng, gim nh hng ca h thng khi b qu ti v b sc ca cht thi. Gim pht sinh bn. Gim chi ph tiu th ha cht. Ngn cn hnh thnh cc filaments cc vi khun hnh si, l nguyn nhn gy
ni bt, ni bn trong h thng. V.2.5.2. Liu lng s dng Giai on nui cy ban u (20 ngy): Cy cho b hiu kh, s dng B560 HV (Q = 5m3/day, COD = 500mg/l), kh mi v gim COD, BOD, TSS) Tng lng vi sinh s dng cho b hiu kh trong 20 ngy u nui cy l 0.3 kg BOD GVHD: - 75 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Giai on duy tr h thng ( ngy 21 tr i): B560 HV = 5gr/day B sung N v P l rt cn thit m bo t l C:N:P = 100:10:1.
PHN 3: PHN TCH KIM TRA CHT LNG TRONG QUY TRNH SN XUT BNH SNACK
GVHD: - 76 -
CHNG I: PHNG PHP LY MU LU MU

I.1. PHNG PHP LY MU Mc ch: Ly mu l mt qu trnh ly mu nguyn liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm nhm xc nh phm cht qua 3 qu trnh: cm quan, ha l v vi sinh. ngha: Quyt nh kt qu phn tch. I.1.1. i vi nguyn vt liu I.1.1.1 Bt m, tinh bt, ng, mui - Ly mu t cc bao ng bt, ng, mui bng xim ly mu. Trc khi t xim vo bao th xim phi c lm sch. t xim theo hng vo phn gia ca bao v hng t di ln trn, my xim p xung sau phi xoay xim 1800 ri rt ra. - i vi nhng bao khng xim c th ly mu bng cch m ming bao. - Ty theo s lng trong l hng m lng bao c ly mu c quy nh trong bng sau: S bao trong l hng Nh hn 5 T 6 100 Ln hn 100 S bao c ly mu Tt c Khng t hn 5 Khng t hn 5%
Dng phng php ly mu ngu nhin tm bao c ch nh, ly mu v xim cc bao c ch nh. Ly mu vo khai inox khong 3 kg v trn u. Sau dn u ln khai hnh vung ri chia hnh vung theo ng cho thnh 4 phn, ly 2 phn i din sau trn u v tip tc lp li qu trnh chia mu nh trn cho n khi lng mu khong 300 500g ri chia lm 2 mu, 1 mu em th nghim cn 1 mu em lu. - Tn sut ly mu: Mi khi hng nhp v. GVHD: - 77 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset I.1.1.2 Du thc vt Olein - Ly mt can bt k trong l hng nhp. Rt du ra becher 500 ml kh, sch. - Dng a thy tinh khuy trn u v chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau, 1 phn dng lm th nghm, cn 1 phn lu mu. - Tn sut ly mu: Mi khi hng nhp v. I.1.2 i vi bnh bn thnh phm v thnh phm I.1.2.1 Phi sy 1 - Ch nhit ngui n 400C. Khi phi ang chy xung bng ti ri dng hp nha hng mu, sau 1 3 pht li ly mu ln na. C tip tc lm nh th khong 4 5 ln, lng mu c t 150 200 g, trn u mu ri em xay khong 100g. - Tn sut ly mu: khi sy phi c 2h30 pht. I.1.2.2 Phi sy 2 - M np ngoi ca my sy, ch cho lng quay n nt (m - ng) ca lng sy ri dng hp nha ng mu ly mu 2 ngn lin tip nhau (trong mi lng sy th c 4 ngn) khong mt lng 150 200g, trn u mu ri em xay khong 100g. - Tn sut ly mu: Khi sy phi c 6h. I.1.2.3 Mu bnh sau rang v sau tm a. Sau rang: - Dng ca nha kh, sch (>5l), c np y (v mu ny dng lm m), hng mu khi mu c rang xong, qua my ly tm ro du v chy xung bng ti. - Tn sut ly mu: mi gi ly 1 ln. b. Sau tm: - Dng ca nha kh, sch (>5l), c quai sch hng mu bnh ngay lng quay sau khi tm gia v - Tn sut ly mu: mi gi ly 1 ln I.1.2.4 Hm lng mui v bo trong bnh a. Hm lng mui: - Khi xc nh hm lng mui th ta ly mu trc tip t bng ti sau khi bnh mi chin xong (sau chin) v sau khi tm gia v (sau tm). GVHD: - 78 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Tn sut thc hin: + i vi bnh sau chin: sau 1h lm 1 ln. + i vi bnh sau tm: sau 1h lm mt ln. b. Hm lng bo: - Mu dng xc nh hm lng bo c ly t mu dng xc nh mui. - Tn sut thc hin: Mi ngy ch xc nh hm lng bo mt ln vo u ca. I.1.2.5 Bnh ng gi - Xung trc tip phng ng gi ly mu. - Ly mi my l 2 gi nu c 2 my ang ng gi tr ln. - Ly 4 gi nu ch c 1 my ang ng gi. - Tn sut ly mu: Sau 4h ly 1 ln. I.2. PHNG PHP LU MU I.2.1. Bt m, tinh bt, mui, ng - Khi lng mu lu: 150 300g. - Lu mu vo bao ni lng mu trng. - Ghi phiu lu mu: ni sn xut ca nguyn liu, tn ca mt hng, ngy gi kim, tn ngi kim ri b t phiu ny vo trong gi cha bt mu lu. - Lu mu trong t lu. - Thi gian lu: khong 1 thng, sau khi sn xut ht nguyn vt liu nhp v. I.2.2. Du - Khi lng lu khong: 150 300g. - Lu vo chai bng nha, c nt y kn hoc trong bao nilon mu trng - Ghi phiu lu mu: ni sn xut ca nguyn liu, tn ca loi du, ngy gi kim, tn ngi kim sau gin t phiu ny bn ngoi chai. - Lu mu trong t lu - Thi gian lu mu: Khong 1 thng, sau khi sn xut ht nguyn liu nhp v.
GVHD:
- 79 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset I.2.3. Phi sy v bnh sau rang tm - Cc mu ny khng cn lu v ch lm trong ngy, trong ca. - Nu lm cha kp c th ng mu trong h nha c np y, kn ri ghi k hiu tn ca tng loi v thi gian ly mu. I.2.4 Bnh ng gi - S lng lu ty thuc vo s hot ng ca my m ly mu lu nhiu hay t, c mt my ng gi th ly hai mu lu. - Ghi phiu mu: tn sn phm, s my ng gi, tn ngi ng gi, ngy gi ly mu lu, tn ngi ly mu. - Thi gian lu mu: 6 thng.
GVHD:
- 80 -
CHNG II: PHN TCH CC CH TIU NGUYN VT LIU

Mc ch ca vic th nghim: l thng nht yu cu k thut, kim tra th nghim
nh gi cht lng ca cc nguyn vt liu nhp vo.
Phm vi p dng: p dng cho cc nguyn vt liu nhp vo.

II.1. XC NH M CA BT M V TINH BT II.1.1. Nguyn tc m c trong mu c lm bay hi nc bng my sy m Kett nhit 1350C trong thi gian 30 pht. Sau khi sy xong my s t ng hin ln hm lng m cn xc nh. II.1.2. Dng c - Khay inox. - Xim inox. - My Kett. - Mung inox. II.1.3. Quy trnh - Reset kt qu ca ln sy trc my tare v 0.00g. - Trn u mu. - Dng tha inox ly mu. - Khi my hin ln iu kin sy th a mu vo. - Cn 5.00 0.02g ri nhn nt start my t ng sy. - thi gian sy 30 pht my s bo hiu sy xong. Trn mn hnh ca my s hin ln kt qu cn xc nh. II.1.4. u v nhc im ca my Kett II.1.4.1. u im - Nhanh. - D s dng. II.1.4.2. Nhc im Kt qu khng chnh xc. GVHD: - 81 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.1.5. Nguyn nhn sai s v cch khc phc II.1.5.1. Nguyn nhn - Dng c ly mu khng c sch v kh. - mu ngoi khng kh s lm tng m. - My hot ng nhiu nn b nng. II.1.5.2. Cch khc phc - Dng c ly mu phi kh v sch. - Ly mu v phi lm ngay hoc ng trong bao, h kn. - Ch my ngui ri tin hnh lm. II.2. XC NH CHUA CA BT M V TINH BT
Mc ch: xc nh chua, nhm nh gi mc ch bin v bo qun ca bt. Phm vi p dng: p dng cho bt m, tinh bt, bt np, bt ng
II.2.1. Nguyn tc Mu bt dc cn vo bnh tam gic v ha tan bt bng nc ct. Sau chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N vi s c mt ca ch th phenolphtalein 1%. im tng ng nhn c khi dung dch c mu hng. II.2.2. Dng c - Tha inox. - Bnh tam gic. - a thy tinh. - Bnh tia. - Cn phn tch s l. - Buret 25ml, vch chia 0.1ml. II.2.3. Ha cht - Dung dch NaOH 0.1N. - Ch th phenolphtalein 1%. - Nc ct.
GVHD:
- 82 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.2.4. Quy trnh - Cn 1.00g mu bt vo bnh nn sch, trnh bt dnh ln thnh bnh nn. - Ha tan khong 40ml nc ct vo mu bt. - Dng a thy tinh khuy cho bt tan. - Dng bnh tia trng a v xung quanh thnh bnh khong ml nc ct. - Cho vo bnh nn 4 5 git ch th PP 1%. - Tin hnh chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N vo bnh nn n khi dung dch chuyn thnh mu hng. Ghi th tch ca NaOH 0.1N tiu tn V. II.2.5. Cng thc tnh kt qu X = V NaOH .100.k m.10
Trong : VNaOH: Th tch ca NaOH 0.1N tiu tn K: H s hiu chnh ca NaOH 10: H s chuyn nng ca dung dch NaOH 0.1N thnh NaOH 1N m: Khi lng mu. II.2.6. u nhc im ca phng php II.2.6.1. u im - y l phng php chun trc tip nn n gin, d thc hin - Thit b cng n gin. - Cho kt qu nhanh. II.2.6.2 Nhc im Do chun bng tay nn vic nhn mu ti im tng ng khng c chnh xc. II.2.7. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc II.2.7.1. Nguyn nhn gy sai s - Ha cht pha khng ng nng . - Nhn mu ti im tng ng khng chnh xc. - Bt dnh ln thnh bnh. GVHD: - 83 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.2.7.2. Cch khc phc - Pha ha cht ng nng . - Thao tc chun phi tht cn thn. - Khi cn mu trnh cho bt dnh ln thnh nu c dnh phi dng bnh tia xt nc ct cho mu xung ht. - Khi chun phi lc trn u v chun tng git NaOH 0.1N xung t t. II.3. XC NH GLUTEN T TRONG BT M Gluten t trong bt m l: L mt loi cht c tnh do n hi, bao gm gliadin v glutenin.
Mc ch: nh gi kt dnh, n hi ca bt m.
Phm vi p dng: p dng cho bt m. Bt m c nho vi dung dch m NaCl trung tnh. Sau loi b phn d tha ca dung dch vt v phn b cn li l gluten. II.3.2. Dng c - Cn k thut 0.01g. - T s 200ml. - Ry nylon. II.3.3. Ha cht - Dung dch NaCl trung tnh - Dung dch KI II.3.4. Quy trnh - Cn khong 50g bt trn cn k thut 0.01g, cho lng bt cn vo t s v cho khong 20ml nc mui (khong 16 20% NaCl). - Dng a thy tinh trn u cho n khi thnh khi bt ng nht. - Dng u ngn tay vt cc mnh bt dnh vo a v chn. - Ln khi bt thnh hnh cu v yn khong 20 pht nhit phng ( cho gluten n nh). GVHD: - 84 -
II.3.1. Nguyn tc
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Sau ra gluten di tia nc nh trn ry, cho khi bt trn vo lng bn tay tri nm cc ngn tay li v a vo vi nc (trnh gluten tri theo nc), ng thi dng tay phi iu chnh vi nc chy nh, trnh mt gluten phi t pha tri 1 ry nylon. Tip tc ra di dng nc nh cho n khi ht tinh bt. - Xc nh vic ra hon thnh bng cch nh 2 3 git nc vt t gluten vo cc nc trong, thy nc khng c th ht tinh bt, cn nu thy nc trong cc c th phi tip tc ra cho n ht. Hoc c th xc nh lng tinh bt ht cha bng cch nh 1 2 git dung dch KI vo khi bt nu thy mu xanh xut hin th cha ht tinh bt. - Khi ra xong dng tay vt ht nc trong gluten, p gluten gia lng bn tay, thnh thong thm bng khn kh. Gluten vt kh vi chnh xc 0.01g. II.3.5. Cng thc tnh kt qu
m1 0 10
%Gluten t = Trong : m0: Khi lng cn (g) m1: Khi lng gluten t (g)
m0
II.3.6. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc II.3.6.1. Nguyn nhn gy sai s - Ra khi bt trn vi nc qu mnh, lng gluten s tri theo dng nc chy, gy nn sai s thiu. - Tinh bt cha c ra tri ht, gy nn sai s d. - Gluten cha c vt kh, gy nn sai s d. II.3.6.2. Cch khc phc - Vi nc lun c iu chnh chy vi tc nh u. - Trc khi ngng ra th lng tinh bt phi c loi tr ht. - Lau kh khi gluten trc khi cn.
GVHD:
- 85 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.4. XC NH CH S PEROXYT TRONG DU OLEIN (Phng php kim tra theo TCVN 6121-1996 ISO 3960:1977)
Mc ch: nh gi mc oxy ha du Phm vi p dng: cho cc loi du thc vt nhp vo trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh
my.
nh ngha: ch s peroxide l s mili ng lng ca dung dch chun Na2S2O3 0.01N

tiu tn trong 1 kg du. II.4.1. Nguyn tc - X l mu du trong mi trng acid Acetic- Cloroform bng dung dch Kaliodua. - Sau chun Iod t do bng natri thiosulfate 0.01N vi ch th h tinh bt 1%. im tng ng nhn c khi dung dch c mu tm nu n khng mu. Phng trnh phn ng: R1-CH-CH-R2 + 2KI + 2CH3COOH R1-CH-CH-R2 + 2CH3COOK + H2O OO O
I2 + 2Na2S2O3 II.4.2. Dng c
HTB
Na2S2O6 + 2NaI
- Cn phn tch 4 s l. - Erlen 250ml c np y. - Buret 25ml vch chia 0.1 ml. - Pipep 1ml, 2ml. - ng ong 50ml. II.4.3. Ha cht - Dung dch Na2S2O3 0.01N pha t ng chun. - Hn hp CH3COOH: CHCl3 = 3:2. - H tinh bt 1% trong nc ct, un nng trn bp in v khuy cho tan hon ton. - Dung dch KI bo ha.
GVHD:
- 86 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset II.4.4. Quy trnh - Cn chnh xc 5g 0.05g(*), cn 4 s l, du mu vo bnh Erlen 250ml c nt nhm y, cn thn khng cho mu dnh vo thnh bnh. - Cho vo Erlen 50ml hn hp dung mi (CH3COOH: CHCl3 = 3:2) y np lc u cho mu ha tan. - Cho vo chnh xc 1 ml dung dch KI bo ha, y np. - Bt u tnh thi gian 1 pht, lc 4 ln, mi ln 15s. - Chnh xc 1 pht sau cho ngay vo bnh hn hp 50ml nc ct v lc u +2ml HBT 1%, lc u, nu hn hp xut hin mu tm nu chng t c peroxide, nu khng c s thay i. - Chun t t bng dung dch Na2S2O3 0.01N cho n khi mu tm nu bin mt. II.4.5. Cng thc tnh kt qu POV(meq/kg) = V.2
Trong :V:th tch tiu tn ca dung dch Na2S2O30.01N Ch : Nu lng cn khc (*) th kt qu c tnh theo cng thc:
V .0,01.1000 m
PoV (meq/kg) =
Trong : V: Th tch tiu tn ca dung dch Na2S2O3 0.01N 0.01: Nng ca Na2S2O3 m: Khi lng mu cn c II.4.6. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc II.4.6.1. Nguyn nhn gy sai s - Erlen ra cha sch, bnh sau khi sy cha c kh. - Mu dnh ln thnh bnh. - Ha cht pha cha ng nng , hoc t l dung mi cha ng (CH3COOH:CHCl3 khc t l 3:2) GVHD: - 87 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Thao tc phn tch cha ng oxy xm nhp vo. - Dng dung dch KI pha t ngy hm trc v: KI (vng) I3+ S2O32S4O62- + I+ O2 (kk) I3-
- Lng I3- sinh ra phn ng vi S2O32- dn n sai d. II.4.6.2. Cch khc phc - Erlen phi c ra tht sch v sy kh. - Khi cn mu trnh mu dnh ln thnh bnh. - Pha ha cht ng nng t l, cho ha cht vo phi ng trnh t: mu + hn hp dung mi + dd KI bo ha + H2O ct + HTB. - Thao tc nhanh, gn, chnh xc trnh oxy xm nhp vo. - Pha dung dch KI dng trong ngy. II.5. XC NH CH S ACID BO T DO TRONG DU OLEIN (Phng php kim theo TCVN 6127:1996 ISO 660:1983).
Mc ch: nh gi cht lng, quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ca du. Phm vi p dng: p dng cho du trc khi nhp v v trong qu trnh chin
bnh.
nh ngha: ch s acid l s mg KOH dng trung ha acid t do trong 1g

lipid. II.5.1. Nguyn tc S dng dung mi Isopropanol trung tnh tch acid bo t do ra khi mu. Sau un mu trn bp in cho tan bo ri em chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N vi ch th phenolphtalein 1%, im tng ng nhn c khi dung dch c mu hng bn trong 30 giy II.5.2. Dng c - Erlen hoc becher 250 ml - Bp in c li aming. - ng ong 50ml. - Buret 25ml c vch chia 0.1ml GVHD: - 88 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Cn phn tch 2 s l. II.5.3. Ha cht - Dung mi Isopropanol (CH3)2CHOH) 99.5% c trung ha bng ch th PP 1% v NaOH 0.1N cho n khi c mu hng nht. - Dung dch NaOH 0.1N. - Ch th Phenolphtalein 1% (ch th PP c pha trong cn 960) II.5.4. Quy trnh - M nhit ca bp in. - Cn 28.20g du vo becher 250ml kh v sch. - Rt 50ml hn hp dung mi (CH3)CHOH vo ng ong ri chuyn vo becher cha mu. - un trn bp in cho tan bo n khi c xut hin bt kh ln tn th nht xung. - Nh 4 5 git ch th PP 1% vo dung dch, lc trn u ri em chun bng dung dch NaOH 0.1N cho n khi c xut hin mu hng bn trong 30 giy th c kt qu th tch tiu tn ca cht chun t buret. II.5.5. Cng thc tnh kt qu Ch s acid: AV mgKOH/g) = Trong : gNaOH: ng lng gam ca NaOH F: H s chuyn t NaOH thnh KOH M: Khi lng mu V l du c Olein nn hm lng ca acid bo t do c tnh theo acid Oleic. %FFA =
40.0,1.V .56,11 5,611.V g NaOH .( NV ) NaOH .F= = m.40 m m
282.10 3.0,1.V .100 moleic .( NV ) NaOH .100 = = 0,1.V 28,2 m
Trong : mg: L mili ng lng gam ca acid oleic GVHD: - 89 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset m: Khi lng mu . N: Nng ng lng ca NaOH. V: Th tch ca NaOH tiu tn. Vy:
% FFA = 0,1.V
II.5.6. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc II.5.6.1 Nguyn nhn sai s - Becher cha kh v sch. - Khi cn mu b dnh ln thnh cc. - Dung mi Isopropanol cha c trung ha hoc qu trung ha (dung mi s c mu hng m). - un qu si dung dch s lm cho ch s acid bo t do tng. - Khi un dung dch xong nhng li khng chun lun, dung dch b ngui. - Thao tc chun qu nhanh hoc qu chm. - Do y l phng php chun trc tip bng tay nn khi nhn mu ti im tng ng ca mi ngi l khc nhau. II.5.6.2. Cch khc phc - Becher phi tuyt i sch v kh. - Trnh cho mu dnh ln thnh becher, nu b dnh phi dng dung mi trng cho mu tri xung. - Dung mi phi c trung ha cho chnh xc. - un dung dch cho ti khi bo tan ht (c xut hin bt kh) phi nht ngay cc xung. - un xong th em chun lun, ban u th chun hi nhanh nhng khi gn ti im tng ng th chun chm li tng git.
CHNG III: PHN TCH CC CH TIU BN THNH PHM V THNH PHM

GVHD: - 90 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.1. XC NH M C 2 phng php xc nh m - Xc nh m bng t sy c qut cng bc (Oven). y l phng php chnh xc nh m v n cho chnh xc cao. Do vy m phng php ny c dng xc nh h s hiu chnh ca phng php o m nhanh bng infrared (my sy m c n: HR83 v KETT). - Xc nh m bng my sy m HR83 v KETT. Mc ch: Kim tra m ca bn thnh phm iu chnh m cho ph hp vi yu cu a ra trc khi chuyn n cc giai on sau. Phm vi p dng: p dng cho phi sy 1, phi sy 2 v phi sau chin. III.1.1 Xc nh m c qut cng bc III.1.1.1. Nguyn tc Mu sau khi c xay nh, mn , trn u, em sy nhit 103 20C trong thi gian 4h30. III.1.1.2. Dng c - T sy c qut cng bc. - Cn phn tch c 4 s l. - Chn nung bng inox. - Giy bc y chn nung. - Tha inox ly mu. III.1.1.3. Quy trnh - Mu sy 1, sy 2 c trn iu, xay nh trong ci xay cn mu sau chin th c xay trong my xay. Cc mu sau khi xay xong c trn u li 1 ln na. - Tare cn v 0,000 cn v ghi khi lng ca chn nung + np chn bng giy bc:W1. - Ly np ra t chn nung ng mu ln cn, tare cn v 0. Cn khi lng mu 5g 10%, ghi: W2. GVHD: - 91 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - y np li v chuyn chn mu vo t sy nhit cn sy . - Sau thi gian 4h30, chuyn chn mu v np y vo bnh ht m. Ch khong 15 pht hoc cho n khi chn ngui nhit phng th ly chn ra cn. - Tare cn v 0,000 cn chn mu + np y ghi: W3. - Nu thy c nghi ng v kt qu th tip tc sy thm 30 pht na trong cng nhit n khi lng khng i l c. Ch : Mu sau chin dng lm m, mu ny cng dng xc nh hm lng mui v lipid. III.1.1.4. Cng thc tnh kt qu % m = Trong : W1:khi lng ca chn nung v np. W2: khi lng mu. W3: khi lng ca chn + np+ mu sau khi sy. III.1.1.5. u nhc im ca phng php a. u im - Cho kt qu c chnh xc cao - L phng php trng ti lm chun - Xc nh h s hiu chun b. Nhc im Thi gian xc nh lu. III.1.1.6. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc a. Nguyn nhn gy sai s - Cc lng sy gia nhit khng u. - o trn mu trc v sau khi xay cha u. -Xay mu cha nh. - Chn nung ang cn dnh mu ca ln sy trc.
( w3 w1 ) .100 w2
GVHD:
- 92 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Trong thi gian quy nh sy l 4h30 nhng lng m cha c bay ht gy nn sai s d. b. Cch khc phc - Thng bo cho ngi qun l di xng iu chnh nhit sy cho ng quy nh. - o trn u mu trc khi xay. - Mu phi c xay nh,mn. - Chn nung, np phi sch v c sy cng nhiy ca sy mu trong 30pht sau cn bng nhit trong bnh ht m trc khi cn mu. - Phi sy mu n khi lng khng i. III.1.2. Xc nh m bng my sy m HR83 v KETT Gia hai my sy m HR83 v KETT th my HR83 cho kt qu chnh xc hn do vy m my HR83 c s dng trong vic xc nh m ca bn thnh phm nhiu hn, cn my KETT ch thng s dng khi xc nh m ca bt v u phng khi nhp v. III.1.2.1. Nguyn tc Mu sau khi xay nh, mn, trn u v ty theo tng loi mu khc nhau m ta ci t ch sy khc nhau. - i vi mu sy 1: sy nhit 1200C trong thi gian15 pht. - i vi mu sy 2: sy nhit 1200C trong thi gian 10 pht. - i vi mu sau chin: sy nhit 900C trong thi gian 5 pht. III.1.2.2. Dng c - My sy m HR83. - Tha inox ly mu. III.1.2.3. Quy trnh - Cc mu c trn u trc khi xay, my sy 1 v sy 2 c xay trong ci xay cn mu sau chin c xay trong my xay. Sau khi xay xong dng tha trn u li mt ln na. - Reset my xa kt qu ca ln sy trc. - Chn phng php sy: + Sy 1: chn phng php 01. + Sy 2: chn phng php 02. + Sau chin, sau tm: chn phng php 03. GVHD: - 93 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Nhn nt O/T my tr v 0.0000g. - Dng tha inox ly mu: i vi mu sy 1v sy 2 th lng cn l 3g 10%. - Nhn nt start my bt u o. - thi gian ci t sy my s bo ku, hin kt qu ca hm lng % m trn mn hnh. III.1.2.4. u nhc im ca phng php a. u im Cho kt qu nhanh. b. Nhc im Kt qu khng chnh xc. III.1.2.5. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc a. Nguyn nhn gy sai s - o trn v ng nht cha u. - Cc lng sy gia nhit khng iu. - Xay mu cha nh. - V sinh a cn cha sch. - Tn sut dng my nhiu gy nng my - a cn b mo do s dng nhiu, hoc a cn b lch, my s khng tr c v s 0.000g. b. Cch khc phc - o trn mu u trc khi v sau khi xay. - Thng bo cho ngi qun l di xng iu chnh gia nhit theo ng quy nh. - Xay mu phi nh, mn. - Qut sch ht mu ca ln sy trc cn dnh trn a cn. - Ch my ngui xung nhit 400C th mi s dng tip (thi gian ch my ngui rt lu do vy m ta nn lm my ngui bng cch qut cho my nhanh ngui). - Thay a cn mi. Ghi ch: - i vi thit b Oven th mi ln lm m cn 2 chn nung, cn thit b HR83 th mi ln lm ch c mt kt qu. GVHD: - 94 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Cc mu sau sy 1 v sy 2 cng c tin hnh lm nh trn mi ngy ri t tnh ra kt qu trung bnh hm lng m ca tng thit b trong 1 thng. H s hiu chnh ca mi thng c tnh nh sau: HSHC = % m Oven - % m HR83
T cc h s hiu chnh trn m mi khi lm m HR83 phi cng thm hoc tr bt i h s hiu chnh ra kt qu ca m cn xc nh. III.2. XC NH T KHI Mc ch nh gi c phng n ca bnh iu chnh thi gian v nhit sy ca phi cng nh khi lng phi em chin, nhit chin. Phm vi p dng p dng cho bnh sau chin v sau tm. nh ngha T khi l khi lng ca bnh so vi th tch ca bnh chim ch trong khng kh. n v ca t khi c tnh theo g/l. III.2.1. Nguyn tc Mu bnh c ly trc tip t bng ti ri em cn khi lng trn cn in t, dng tm gt gt bnh cho bng. Sau c kt qu t thc o. III.2.2. Dng c - Ca chia vch 5l. - Cn c 2 s l. - Tm gt trn c tay cm gia v c ng knh nh hn ca 5l. - Thc o di hn 25mm. - Bnh ng mu > 5l khng cn np, c quai xch. III.2.3. Quy trnh GVHD: - 95 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Ly mu bnh trc tip t bng ti vo bnh ng mu, em vo phng cn cn. - Cho mu vo ca chia vch 5l. - Cn lng mu W c th tch t 3800 4200ml. - a ca chia vch 5l ln cch mt bn khong 25mm v cho ca trt xung bn trong lng 2 bn tay, lm nh vy n 10 ln. - Dng ngn tay nh nhng gt ngang mt trn ca sn phm. - t tm gt vo ca xc nh th tch. - c v ghi kt qu th tch ca sn phm chim ch trong ca. III.2.4. Cng thc tnh kt qu
T khi (g/l) =
W V
Trong : W: khi lng ca bnh (g). V: th tch o c (l). III.2.5. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc III.2.5.1. Nguyn nhn Xc bnh khng u, lm cho cc ming bnh nm khng ngay nn th tch khi o s cao v dn n t trng thp. III.2.5.2. Khc phc Xc cho bnh nm ngay ngn trc khi t tm gt o. Nhn xt : - Khi th tch ca bnh cng cao th t khi ca bnh cng thp, phng cao. -NKhi th tch ca bnh cng thp th t khi ca bnh cng cao, phng thp. III.3. XC NH HM LNG MUI Mc ch
GVHD:
- 96 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset y l phng php gc dng xc nh hm lng mui trong bnh nhm iu chnhgia v cho ph hp vi yu cu cn a ra. Phm vi p dng p dng cho bnh sau chin, sau khi tm gia v v thnh phn % seasoning c trong sn phm. V xc nh h s hiu chnh ca mui n tinh khit. III.3.1. Nguyn tc Mu bnh sau khi c xay nh v trn u, ri ha tan bng dung dch H 2SO4 0.02N. Sau dngmy chun in th MetterDL55 vi s c mt ca cht chun AgNO 3 0.1N xc nh hm lng mui c trong mu. Phng trnh phn ng: NaCl + III.3.2. Dng c - Cn phn tch 4 s l. - My chun in th MetterDL55. - T sy. - Bnh ht m. - Cc nha 100ml. - Tha inox. III.3.3. Ha cht - Dung dch AgNO3 0.1N (c pha t cht chun gc). - Dung dch H2SO4 0.02N (c pha t cht chun gc). - Dung dch KNO3 1M. - Dung dch NaClO3 3%. III.3.4. Quy trnh III.3.4.1. Kim tra tinh khit ca mui n - Mi u ca trc khi xc nh hm lng mui c trong bnh th phi kim tra li h s hiu chnh ca mui. Thng th kim tra h s hiu chnh nm trong khong f= 0.99 1.01. GVHD: - 97 AgNO3 H2SO4 NaNO3 + AgCl (mu trng)
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Sy mui nhit 1200C trong thi gian 1h30. - Sau thi gian sy xong th cho vo bnh ht m. - t cc nha ng mu ln cn, tare cn v 0.0000g, ri cn khong t 0.03 0.05g mui tinh khit. - Cho vo cc cha mu 60ml nc ct. - Gn cc cha dung dch mu vo my, ci t my my t ng chun . - Nhn nt result, nt OK c kt qu cn xc nh. III.3.4.2. Xc nh mui trong bnh sau chin, sau tm - Mui trong bnh sau chin: + Cn 150g bnh, xay tht nh, mn, trn u, dng chi qut tht sch xung quanh my v dao xay. Sau chuyn sang ca nha khc trn u li ln na bng tha inox. + t cc nha ln cn ri tare v 0.0000g, cn t 1.5 1.7g mu vo cc. + Sau thc hin cc thao tc hon ton ging vi vic chun mui tinh khit trn. + My s hin ln % mui c trong bnh sau chin. - Mui trong bnh sau tm: lm hon ton tong t nh bnh sau chin. III.3.5. Cng thc tnh kt qu Da vo % ca mui trong bnh sau chin, sau tm v % ca mui trong gia v m ni sn xut xc nh v cho ta s liu ca tng l hng khc nhau. T ta tnh c hm lng seasoning (gia v) c trong bnh nh sau:
%Seasoning =
m2 m1 m0
Trong : m0: hm lng % ca mui trong seasoning. m1: hm lng % ca mui trong bnh sau chin. m2: hm lng % ca mui trong bnh sau tm. III.3.6. u v nhc im ca phng php GVHD: - 98 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.3.6.1. u im - Cho kt qu c chnh xc cao. - Nhanh. - Tit kim c thi gian cho ngi phn tch. III.3.6.2. Nhc im - Thit b kh t tin. - Cc thao tc ci t my phc tp. III.3.7. Nguyn nhn gy sai s v cch khc phc III.3.7.1. Nguyn nhn - Xay mu cha nh. - Trn mu khng u. - Khng qut ht lng mu cn bm my v dao xay. - Dng c ly mu v my xay cn dnh mu ca ln trc. - Do s dng my nhiu m din cc Ag b en. III.3.7.2. Khc phc - Xay mu tht nh, trn u mu mu ng nht. - Lun ch qut sch dng c ly mu cng nh my v dao xay. - Ngm in cc trong dung dch Natrihypochlorit 3% trong 1 4h. thay dung dch trong in cc 2 tun 1 ln v sau khi ra in cc vi dung dch Natrihypocholorit 3%, xi sch in cc trong nc khng ion, sau ngm qua m vi dung dch KNO3 1M. III.4. XC NH HM LNG DU BNG PHNG PHP SOXHLET Mc ch Kim tra hm lng bo c trong bnh iu chnh thi gian ro du v thi gian ly tm trong qu trnh chin.
Phm vi p dng
p dng cho bnh sau chin trc khi chuyn sang giai on tm gia v. III.4.1. Nguyn tc GVHD: - 99 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Lipid c trong mu bnh c tch ra bng dung mi petroleum ether nh h thng trch ly t ng soxhlet. Lng lipid thu c em sy v cn. T ta tnh ra c hm lng lipid c trong mu. III.4.2. Dng c - My trch ly t ng soxhlet. - Cc thy tinh: 2 ci. - Ti ng mu: 2 ci. - Giy lc. - Kp gi ti: 2 ci. - bt. - T sy. - Bnh ht m. - Cn phn tch 4 s l. - ng ong 100ml. - Tha inox ly mu. III.4.3. Ha cht Dung mi petroleum ether. III.4.4. Quy trnh - Mu bnh sau chin c xay nh v trn u (ly mu t mu lm m v mui). - Cho vo mi cc trch 1 vin bt v sy kh trong t sy khong 1h cng iu kin nhit nh sy mu ri cho vo bnh ht m cn bng nhit . - Cn cc trch bng cn phn tch 4 s l, ghi chnh xc khi lng: W1 (0.0001) - Cn khong 3g mu trn giy lc, ghi chnh xc khi lng: W2, gi li vo ti trch. - Chn ti trch vo kp gi ti v t vo cc trch. - Rt 150ml dung mi ra ng ong v chuyn vo cc trch. - t cc trch vo my trch ly. - Kha vang thot dung mi. GVHD: - 100 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - M nc x. - Ci t chng trnh trch ly. - My s t ng trch ly trong khong thi gian 2h32. - Sau khi trch ly xong ca bung mu s t ng m ln. - Kha nc, tt my, thu hi dung mi. - Ly cc mu ra v cho vo t sy, sy nhit 1030C 20C cho n khi khi lng khng i. - Sau khi sy song cho cc vo bnh ht m cn bng nhit. - Cn cc, ghi khi lng: W3. III.4.5. Cng thc tnh kt qu
%Lipid = Trong :
( w3 w1 ) 100 w2
w1: l khi lng ca cc trch v vin bt trc khi trch ly. w2: l khi lng mu. w3: l khi lng ca cc trch v vin bt sau khi trch ly. III.4.6. u v nhc im ca phng php III.4.6.1. u im - H thng chng ct t ng nn t tn thi gian v cng sc ca ngi phn tch. - Lng lipid c trch ra khi mu hon ton. III.4.6.2. Nhc im - Phng php ny ch p dng cho mu dng rn, bt. - Hm lng bo c trong mu phi ln th mi p dng c phng php ny.
III.4.7. Nguyn nhn gy sai s, s c v cch khc phc III.4.7.1. Nguyn nhn GVHD: - 101 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset - Khi cn mu, mu dnh ln ti trch. - Khi cho dung mi vo cc rt mnh tay s lm cho mu b ni ln trn v trn vo cc trch. III.4.7.2. S c Trong qu trnh trch ly b mt in, nc s khng chy vo lm ngui ng sinh hn bn trong my v thi gian trch ly s b sai lch. III.4.7.3. Khc phc Cn mu cn thn, dng tha ly mu cho gn, trnh tha mu chm vo thnh ti trch. t ming ng ong cha dung mi vo gc ca cc ri nh nhng chuyn dung mi vo cc.
BIN PHP X L KT QU Bng 34: Bng x l kt qu cc ch tiu bn thnh phm v thnh phm GVHD: - 102 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Cc ch tiu Thng s X l
t tiu chun m cao, thnh phm khng t yu cu. Ta m lu hng li v kim tra m bng phng php Oven. Nu m t tiu chun ta cho xut hng. Nu m vt tiu chun ta x b hng. T khi (g/l) <52 >68 Nu >5,5 T khi thp, ta h nhit cho chin. T khi cao, tng nhit cho chin. Bnh nht, lu hng, kim tra li. Cho xut hng.
%SSN
Bnh nm, lu hng, kim tra li. Nu <8,5, Nu >8,5 Cho xut hng. X hng.
5,5%SSN6,7 v Bnh ngoi vng tiu chun ta cn bo 7,3%SSN8,5 % du trong bnh sau chin iu chnh li cho n lc t tiu chun. Lu hng, kim tra li. <21% v >27% Nu nm trong vng cho php ta cho xut hng. Nu nm ngoi vng cho php ta x b hng
GVHD:
- 103 -
CHNG IV: KIM TRA KHI LNG HM LNG KHNG KH QUY CCH NG GI CA BAO THNH PHM.
Mc ch chung Xc nh khi lng, hm lng khng kh, quy cch ng gi ca bao thnh phm m bo yu cu a ra. Phm vi p dng p dng cho thnh phm ng gi, trc khi xut kho. IV.1. KIM TRA KHI LNG BAO THNH PHM IV.1.1. Nguyn tc Bao thnh phm c ly t mi my v kim tra bng cn phn tch. IV.1.2. Dng c Cn phn tch 1 s l. IV.1.3. Quy trnh - Tare cn v 0.0g - Cn khi lng ca bao thnh phm (10 gi/ln). - Ghi li s cn c. IV.1.4. Cng thc tnh
Khi lng tnh = Khi lng bao thnh phm - khi lng bao rng
IV.2. KIM TRA HM LNG KHNG KH TRONG BAO THNH PHM IV.2.1. Nguyn tc Bao thnh phm c ly t mi my v dng thc cp Miyutoyo kim tra. IV.2.2. Dng c Thc cp Miyutoyo 5 tc. GVHD: - 104 -
Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset IV.2.3. Quy trnh - Chnh thc v ng v tr 0. - o chiu dy ca bao thnh phm (10gi/ ln). - Ghi li s o c. IV.3. KIM TRA QUY CCH NG GI IV.3.1. Nguyn tc Bao thnh phm c ly t mi my sau quan st bng mt thng v dng thau nc sch kim tra kn ca bao. IV.3.2. Dng c Thau nc sch. IV.3.3. Quy trnh - Quan st bng mt thng kim tra code. - Kim tra ngoi quan mi ghp bng nh: nhn, li m - Kim tra ngoi quan mi ghp u. - Nhng bao thnh phm vo thau nc sch. - Quan st c bt kh ni ln ln mt nc hay khng (nu c chng t bao b x, phi thng bo cho bo tr iu chnh my). - Ghi nhn cc im quan st c.
GVHD:
- 105 -
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. ng Th Anh o, K thut bao b thc phm, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia TPHCM, 2008. [2]. L Vn Vit Mn, Li Quc t, Nguyn Th Hin, Tn N Minh Nguyt, Trn Th Thu Tr, Cng Ngh Ch Bin Thc Phm, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia TPHCM, 2009. [3]. Hong Kim Anh, Ha hc thc phm, Nh xut bn Khoa Hc K Thut, 2008. [4]. Nguyn Th Hin, Cng ngh sn xut m chnh v cc sn phm ln men c truyn, Nh xut bn Khoa Hc K Thut, 2006. Http://pham-asset.com/shop_index.php?ac=18 Http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99t_m%C3%AC
GVHD:
- 106 -

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Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

PHN 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Hnh 1: Sn phm ca cng ty

Phi snack mc snack que g

Phi snack xon mt ong

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Ni cha bao b PHN XNG SN XUT L hi

Kho cha ph liu

Kho du chy hi bt xay Phng la u Phng lnh ng gi canh bt l

Phng canh cho Phng cho

Phng rang u Phng bc v u Phng xay da Phng quay u

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

PHN 2: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BNH SNACK

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

CHNG I: NGUYN LIU SN XUT BNH SNACK

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

I.4.8. Shortening Bng 14: Tiu chun cht lng ca Shortening

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

CHNG II: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BNH

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

m phi thp hn quy nh

- Nhit sy qu cao - Thi gian sy cha lu

m phi cao hn - Nhit sy khng t quy nh - Thi gian sy cha

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Tc bn rang rung 44 46 70

Ngt vt ti chuyn Gia v b m, vt ti b lch gia v

Bn tm b dnh gia v bn tm trc khi tin hnh chy nc

Snack Gram Snack Snack Snack Snack Snack Snack

Ch thch: PL: phng Lt

CHNG III: MY V THIT B TRONG SN XUT BNH SNACK

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.2.1. S cu to

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

III.7. THIT B SY 1 III.7.1 S cu to

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.8.1. S cu to

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset III.11.1. S cu to

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

CHNG IV: AN TON LAO NG PHNG CHY CHA CHY

ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton

ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton

cha. Tt my v bo bo tr nu nghe ting ng l hoc thy c du hiu bt thng.

ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton GVHD: - 64 -

ban u hoc h thng dy in khng an ton

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

CHNG V: X L NC THI, PH THI V V SINH CNG NGHIP

Dng khn t lau sch bn trong v xung quanh thit xut.

V.2.2 S cu to h thng x l nc thi

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

CHNG I: PHNG PHP LY MU LU MU

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset

CHNG II: PHN TCH CC CH TIU NGUYN VT LIU

Phm vi p dng: p dng cho cc nguyn vt liu nhp vo.

nh ngha: ch s peroxide l s mili ng lng ca dung dch chun Na2S2O3 0.01N

I2 + 2Na2S2O3 II.4.2. Dng c

nh ngha: ch s acid l s mg KOH dng trung ha acid t do trong 1g

282.10 3.0,1.V .100 moleic .( NV ) NaOH .100 = = 0,1.V 28,2 m

Trong : mg: L mili ng lng gam ca acid oleic GVHD: - 89 -

CHNG III: PHN TCH CC CH TIU BN THNH PHM V THNH PHM

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset Cc ch tiu Thng s X l

Bo co thc tp Tt Nghip Cng ty LD Phm - Asset