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CHNG 5 BO HIEU CHNH PID, CAC HAM X LY TN HIEU TNG T VA N G DUN G 5.1 Gii thieu.

Nhieu nam trc ay bo ie u khien PID c coi la bo ie u khien ly tng o i vi cac o i tng co mo hnh lien tuc . Bo PID thc s la bo ieu khien ong ma viec thay oi cac tham so cua bo ieu khien co kha nan g lam thay oi ac tnh ong va tnh cua he thon g ieu khien t o ng. Bo ieu khie n PID thc chat la thiet b ieu khien thc hien luat ieu khien c mo ta bang phng trnh sau:
HCM TP. n, k la he so trong o e(t) la tn hieu vao, u(t) la tn hieu ra cua bothuat khie ieu p Ky amthi gian tch phan va TD la khuec h ai cua luat ieu khie n ty le , TI hanphso ug DH S hang so thi gian vi phan . uong Tr n quye Bo hieu oi tng Ban

u.(t) = kpe(t) +

1 . e d TD e (t) TI 0

Ngo vao

e(t)

chnh PID

u(t)

ieu khien

Ngo ra

Hnh 5.1. ieu khien v i bo ieu khien PID Vi bo ie u khien PID, ngi s dung de dang tch h p cac luat ieu khien khac nh luat ieu khien t le (luat P), ieu khien t le - tch phan (luat PI), ieu khie n t le -vi phan (luat PD). Bo ie u khien PID luo n la mot phan t khong the thay the c trong cac qua trnh t o ng khon g che nhiet o, mc, toc o Mot trong nhng n g dun g cua bo ieu khie n PID trong ie u khien thch nghi va ie u khien m la thng xuyen phai chnh nh lai cac tham so cua no cho phu hp vi s thay oi khong biet trc cua oi tng cung nh cua moi trng nham am bao c cac ch tieu chat lng a e ra trong he thong. Neu nh ta a t o ng hoa c cong viec thay oi tham so nay th bo ieu khien PID o se la mot bo ieu khien be n vng vi moi tac ong cua nhieu no i cung nh nhieu ngoai le n he thong.

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Cung chnh v vay ma cac thiet b ieu khien qua trnh nh DCS Disbuted Control system, PLC Programmeble Logic Control,PCS Process Control System cua cac hang san xuat thie t b t ong tren the gii kho ng the thieu c module ieu khien PID hoac cng hoac mem. e s dung tot cac module nay, ng i thiet ke phai nam c cac phng phap chon luat ieu khien va cac tham so cho bo ieu khien. Trong phan mem Step 7 co nhieu khoi FB e ho tr viec viet chng trnh ieu khien thiet b s dung luat hieu chnh PID, nh FB40,FB41, FB58, FB59.. 5.2 Moun mem FB58 5.2.1 Gii thieu S o khoi FB58
P. HC at T u M

uyen an q

H Su ng D ruo

K pham

y th

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Hnh 5.2. S o khoi cua khoi FB58

iem Setpoint iem Setpoint at ngo vao SP- INT dang so thc nh mot ai lng vat l hoac t le phan tram. iem setpoint va gia tr x l thng tao thanh sai so phai co cung mot n v S la chon gia tr x l (PVPER_ON) Tuy thuoc vao PVER ON, gia tr co the co c t thiet b ngoai vi hoac dang so thc PVER-ON x l gia tr ngo vao: - TRUE: Gia tr x l c o thong qua thiet b ngoai vi Analog (PIWxxx) tai ngo vao PV PER. - FALSE: Gia tri x l co c dang so thc at tai ngo vao PV-IN. S chuyen oi gia tr x l ban g ham CRP-IN (PER-MOD) Ham CRP_IN chuyen gia tr ngoai vi sang dang so thc tuy thuoc vao s la chon PER_MODE

T uyen qHnh 5.3. Cac cau lenh cua FB58 Ban

H Su ng D ruo

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

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Viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l PV_NORM (PF_FAC, PV_OFFS) Ham PV_NORM tnh toan gia tr ngo ra cua ham CRP_IN nh sau: "Output of PV_NORM" = "Output of CPR_IN" * PV_FAC + PV_OFFS No c dung vi y nh: PV_FAC:nh he so cua gia tr x l. PV_OFFS:s offset cua gia tr x l. S tieu chuan hoa nhie t o sang t le phan tram : iem setpoint dang %, ta phai chuyen gia tr nhiet o c o sang t le %. S tieu chuan hoa t le % sang nhie t o: iem setpoint dang nhiet o ta phai chuyen ie n ap/don g ien. Viec tnh toan cac thong so: - PV_FAC = range of PV_NORM/range of CRP_IN; - PV_OFFS = LL(PV_NORM) - PV_FAC * LL(CRP_IN); Vi: HCM range: dai,vung,mien TP. huat Ky t LL : gii han di pham Vi gia tr mac nh (PV_FAC = 1.0 DH Su va PV_OFFS = 0.0) th s tieu chuan ong hoa se khong c thch hen th ke t qua gia tr x l la ngo ra tai PV. p Tru quy V du viec tieu chuaanhoa gia tr x l Bn Neu at gia tr setpoint la t le % va ban co mien nhiet o la (-20 +85)oC th ban phai tieu chuan hoa dai nhiet o thanh t le %. S o di ay trnh bay mot v du ve viec chuye n mien nhiet o (20+85)oC sang t le t 0 100%

Hnh 5.4. V du viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l

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Hnh thc sai so S khac biet gia iem setpoint va gia tr x l trc khi b a vao mien chet se tao ra sai so. iem setpoint va gia tr x l phai co cung kie u n v(% hoac ai lng vat l) Mien che t (Deadb_W) Vi moi mot gia tr, Deaband se a ra mot khoang sai so Neu DEADB_W = 0 th Deaband se b giam s kch hoat. Sai so c ac trng bang tho ng so ER

uyen an q

H Su ng D ruo

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

Hnh 5.5. Minh hoa ve mien chet Thua t toan PID (GAIN, TI, TD, D_F) S o di ay la s o khoi cua thuat toan PID

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Hnh 5.6. S o khoi cua that toan PID Thuat toan PID hoat ong nh mot thuat toan ve s nh v. Cac c cau t le,tch phan,vi phan(DIF) c ket noi song song va co the c kch hoat hoac khong kch hoa t mot cach rieng le. ie u nay cho phep bo P, bo PI, bo PID c cau hnh. S ieu chnh cua ng i ieu khien se ho tr bo PI,PID. Bo ieu khien nghch c thi hanh khi s dung mot bo GAIN (cooling controller). Neu set gia tr TI,TD en gia tr 0.0 th ban se thu c mot bo ieu khien P tai iem hoat ong Tng bc ap ng trong mien thi gian la: LMN_Sum(t):la bien tong trong che o t ong cua bo ieu khien M ER (0) : la s thay oi tng bc cua sai so a c chuaHC TP. n hoa huat GAIN : o li cua bo ieu khie n Ky t pham TI : thi gian tch phan H Su gD TD :thi gian vi pha Truon n en D_ :he so Ban quy vi phan

Hnh 5.7. Minh hoa cac thong so cua thuat toan PID Bo tch phan (TI, I_ITL_ON, I_ITLVAL) Trong ie u khie n tay no c ieu chnh nh sau: LMN_I = LMN - LMN_P - DISV. Neu bien van hanh (manipulated variable) b gi i han th c cau I se b ngng hoat on g. Neu sai so a c cau I tr ve trong khoang cho phep cua bien Trang 59

van hanh th c cau I co the c thay oi bang cach: c cau I cua bo ieu khien co the c kch hoat bi TI = 0. S hoat ong cua c cau P se b yeu i khi co s thay oi cua iem setpoint. S hoat ong cu a c cau P se b yeu i khi co s thay oi cua iem setpoint (PFAC_SP) e ngan chan s qua tam(vt qua gii han),ban co the lam giam s hoat ong cua c cau P bang cach s dung he so t le oi v i s thay o i cua iem setpoint, thong so PFAC_SP. S dung PFAC_SP, ban co the chon cac gia tr lien tie p t 0.0 1.0 e quyet nh hieu qua cua c cau P khi iem setpoint thay o i. - PFAC_SP=1.0: c cau P b anh hng neu iem setpoint b thay oi. - PFAC_SP=0.0: c cau P hoan toan khong b thay oi neu iem setpoint b thay oi. HCM Viec giam anh hng cua c cau P se at c bang s uatn bang them ca TP. y th c cau I am K u ph Cac nhan to cua c cau vi phan (TD,DH S D_F) uong C cau D cua bo ieu khienn Tr giam kch hoat vi TD = 0. se b uye Neu c cau D c Ban qhoat ,theo moi quan he gia cac thong so ta co: kch TD = 0.5 * CYCLE * D_F Cai at thong so cua bo ieu khien P va PD vi iem ang hoa t on g Trong giao dien cua ngi s dung, c cau I kho ng c kch hoat (TI = 0.0) va c cau (TD = 0.0) cung vay. Sau o cai at cac thong so: I_ITL_ON = TRUE I_ITLVAL = iem ang hoat ong. ieu khien hoi tiep (DISV) Bien hoi tie p co the c them vao trong ngo vao DISV Viec tnh toan bien van hanh S o khoi di ay la s o ve s tnh toan bien van hanh

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Hnh 5.8. S o khoi tnh toan bien van hanh Vun g ieu khien (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE) Neu CONZ_ON = TRUE, bo ie u khien se hoat ong trong vun g ieu khien. ieu nay co ngha la bo ieu khien hoat ong theo thuat toan sau: - Neu PV vt qua gia tr SP_INT gan can tren cua CON_ZONE, th gia tr LMN_LLM la gia tr ngo ra nh bien van hanh (ieu khien theo chu trnh kn) - Neu PV nam di gia tr SP_INT gan can di cua CON_ZONE,th gia tr LMN_HLM la gia tr ngo ra nh bien van hanh(ie u khien theo chu trnh kn) - Neu PV nam trong khoang vung ieu khien (CON_ZONE) bien van hanh se gi gia tr cua no lai t LMN_Sum cua thuat toan. Chu y: S chuyen oi t ieu khien kn sang ieu khien t ong theo chu HCM trnh kn th s ieu khien se tnh toan 1 khoang tre khoaTP. 20% cua vu ng ng huat Ky t ieu khien. ham
B nT quye an ruo H Su ng D p

Hnh 5.9. S o vung ieu khie n (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE) Trc khi kch hoat vun g ieu khien tay, phai chac chan rang vu ng ieu khien kho ng qua hep, neu vu ng ieu khie n qua nho, s dao on g se xuat hien trong bien van hanh va bien x l. Thuan li cua vun g ieu khien

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Khi gia tr x l thuoc vung ieu khien , c cau D tao ra mot s giam cc nhanh cua bien van han h. ieu nay co ngha la vung ieu khien ch hu ch khi c cau D c kch hoat. Kho ng co vun g ieu khie n, ve c ban c cau P se lam giam bie n van hanh. Vung ieu khie n se co tac o ng ti s on nh nhanh hn ma khong co s v t qua gi i han hoac sai lech d i( thap hn tr so danh ngha). X l gia tr bang tay (MAN_ON, MAN) Ban co the bat cong tac ieu khien tay hoac t o ng . Trong ieu khie n tay bien van hanh c ie u chnh en mot gia tr theo hng dan . C cau tch phan (INT) c set en gia tr LMN - LMN_P DISV va c cau vi phan (DIF) c set en gia tri 0 va c ong bo hoa be n trong. Do o chuyen sang che o t ong se t b va cham hn. Chu y: trong khi ieu khien tho ng so MAN_ON khong co anh hng g. S gii han cua bien van hanh LMNLIMIT (LMN_HLM, LMN_LLM) HCM Gia tr cua bien van hanh c gii han en 2 gia tr gi i t Tn. LMN_HLM va haP ua y th Kn nay at c, ieu nay LMN_LLM bi ham LMNLIMIT. Neu s giam i ha ph H Su va QLMN_LLM. Neu bien van c ch nh bi bit tho ng tin QLMN_HLM ng D Truo hanh b gii han th c cau en b ngng hoat ong. Neu sai so a c cau I ve se quy nnh th c cau I se c phuc hoi. a ung vun g bien vanBha Tay oi s gii han cua bien ket qua Neu mien bien van hanh b giam va gia tr mi khong c gii han cua bien van hanh nam ngoai khoang gii han, th c cau I va gia tr cua bie n van hanh se b thay oi. Viec tieu chuan hoa bien van hanh (LMN_FAC, LMN_OFFS) Ham LMN_NORM chuan hoa bien van hanh theo cong thc sau: LMN = LmnN * LMN_FAC + LMN_OFFS No c dung vi y nh: LMN_FAC: nh he so cua gia tr x l. LMN_OFFS: s offset cua gia tr x l. Gia tr bien van hanh cung co kha nang c nh dang t ben ngoai. Ham CRP_OUT chuyen so thc sang gia tr ngoai vi theo cong thc sau: LMN_PER = LMN * 27648/100 Vi gia tr mac nh (LMN_FAC = 1.0 va LMN_OFFS = 0.0) th s chuan hoa se khong c thch hp. Luc nay ket qua cua bien van hanh la ngo ra tai LMN. Ghi nhan va chuyen tai cac thon g so cua bo ieu khien - Viec ghi nhan cac thong so cua bo ieu khien SAVE_PAR

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Neu viec cai at cac thong so hien han h c dung, ban co the ghi nhan chung vao mot cau truc ac biet trong ham FB 58"TCONT_CP" trc khi tao ra mot s thay oi .Neu ban ieu chnh bo ieu khie n, viec cac thong so ghi nhan c viet e le n thay gia tr trc khi chuyen oi. PFAC_SP, GAIN, TI, TD, D_F, CONZ_ON va CONZONE c chuyen sang cau truc PAR_SAVE. - Viec tai cac thong so a c ghi nhan cua bo ieu khien UNDO_PAR Ham nay c s dung e kch hoat thon g so c cai at cuoi cung cua bo ieu khien ma ban a ghi nhan e phuc hoi bo ieu khien (ch trong ieu khien tay)

ghi Hnh 5.10. S o khoi cua viec T nhan va chuyen tai cac thong so cua bo yen n qu ieu khien Ba

H Su ng D ruo

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

Viec chuyen oi cac thong so gia bo PI va PID LOAD_PID (PID_ON) Theo qua trnh ieu chnh cac thon g so PID va PI se c lu vao trong cau truc PI_CON va PID_CON. Tuy vao PID_ON,ban co the s dung LOAD_PID trong ie u khien tay oi v i cac tho ng so PI hoac PID e tao ra cac thong so cua bo ieu khien

Chu y: Cac thong so cua bo ieu khien ch c ghi tr lai vao bo ie u khien vi UNDO_PAR hoac LOAD_PID khi o li cua bo ieu khien khac 0. LOAD_PID copy cac thong so neu o l i GAIN <> 0 (cac thong so cua mot trong hai bo PI va PID ) D_F, PFAC_SP co the c set e n gia tr mac nh bang cach ieu chnh. Nhng gia tr nay sau o co the c xac nh bi ngi ieu chnh. LOAD_PID khong thay oi cac thong so nay. Vi LOAD_PID vung ieu khie n luon c tnh toan lai. Trang 63

(CON_ZONE = 250/GAIN) ngay khi CONZ_ON = FALSE c set. Qua trnh chay (Tuning) cua FB 58 "TCONT_CP" Gii thieu Vi viec ie u khie n viec chay t ie u chnh cua "TCONT_CP", bo ieu khien PI/PID cap nhat t ong cac thong so cua bo ie u khien. Co hai phng thc chay Tuning: - Chay t ieu chnh ban g s tien gan ti iem hoat ong vi s thay o i tng bc cua iem at. - Chay t ieu chnh iem hoat ong bang viec at mot bit bat au. Ca hai cach tren, qua trnh x l c kch thch bi co the la chon bien gan thay oi. Sau khi ch ra iem uon, cac thong so bo ieu khien co gia tr va bo ieu khie n c khi hoat ong t ong va tie p tuc ieu khien vi nhng thong so nay. Ban co the ieu khie n viec chay ie u chnh bang vieHCM du ng cac c s P. at T t ke. thong so c thie t lap tren giao dien chngytrnh thie thu am K Cac bc tien hanh: u ph DH S -> Block -> DB58 -> Option -> - Start -> Simatic Managerr->ng uo Project T Curve Recorder quyen
Ban

Hnh 5.11. Man hnh cap nhat o th - Thiet lap cac thong so vao sau khi vao Curve Recorder nhap vao Setting ( cai at thong so )

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Hnh 5.12. Man hnh cai at thong so - Sau khi cai at thong so xong ta vao Data Block -> Open Oline -> Option Controller Tuning Ket qua Cac thong so ieu khien c cap nhat trong qua trnh FB58 "TCONT_CP" chay t ieu chnh. Nhan to e lam giam thong so tac ong P la PFAC_SP = 0.8 - o li cua bo ieu khien GAIN - Thi gian bo tch phan: TI - Thi gian bo vi phan : TD - Nhan to bo vi phan: D_F = 5.0 HCM - Vung ieu khien Control zone on/off: CONZ_ONt TP. thua o rong vung Control zone: CON_ZONE Ky ham
B nT quye an ruo H Su ng D p

Hnh 5.13. o th ket qua cua qua trnh cap nhat thong so V du ve lam giam ap ng ieu khien vi PFAC_SP Thong so qua trnh: GAIN = 6 T1 = 50s T2 = 5s Thong so bo ieu khien:

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GAIN = 6 TI = 19.6s

Ban g 5.2: Chu thch ket qua cua o th Thi gian th 8:18 8:19 He SP 1.0 0.8 so Chu thch o vot lo

8:20

0.0

5.2.2 Cac thong so cua FB58 A CH 0.0 THON G SO PV_IN

C cau P khong co s hoi tiep 32% C cau P co s hoi tiep 20%, s 2% ap ng ie u khien ieu kien tot nhat C cau P hoi tiep hoan toan, s HCM chan ong giam manh. TP. at
H Su ng D ruo K pham y th u

T IN/OUTen KIEU quy Ban D LIEU INPUT REAL

VUNG GT

GT AU

MO TA

Tuy 0.0 cam bien s dung

4.0

PV_PER

INPUT

INT

6.0

DISV

INPUT

REAL

0.0

PROCESS VARIABLE IN. Gia tr khi tao co the at au vaoprocess variable on hoac t bien qua trnh c bieu dien di dang so thc dau phay ong PROCESS VARIABLE PERIPHERY Bien qua trnh c noi vi CPU thong qua cong vao tng t. DISTURBANCE VARIABLE oi vi ieu khien thuan bien nhieu se

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10.0

INT_HPO S

10.1

INT_HNE G

12.0

SELECT

c no i ngo vao disturbance variable INPUT BOOL FALS INTEGRAL ACTION E HOLD IN POSITIVE DIRECTION . Ngo ra cua c cau I co the c ch ra trong mot pham vi trc tie p. e at c ieu nay, ngovao INT_HPOS phai c set en gia tr TRUE . Trong tng t ie u khie n, INT_HPOS cua bo ieu HCM TP khie.n au tien c ket huat Ky t noi e n ngo pham H Su QLMN_HLM cua bo ng D Truo ieu khien th 2 yen n qu INPUT BOOL FALS INTEGRAL ACTION Ba E HOLD IN NEGATIVE DIRECTION. Ngo ra cua c cau I co the c ch ra trong mot hng phu nh. e at c ieu nay ,ngo vao INT_HPOS phai c set en gia tr TRUE . Trong tng t ie u khie n, INT_HPOS cua bo ieu khien au tien c ket noi e n ngo QLMN_LLM cua bo ieu khien th 2 INPUT INT 0EN 0 SELECTION OF CALL 3 PID AND PULSE GENERATOR.

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14.0

18.0

22.0

Neu may phat sung c kch hoa t, co mot vai cac h e goi thuat toan PID va bo phat sung. SELECT =0: Bo ieu khien se c go i trong mot chu k nhanh mc o gian oan, thuat toa PID va bo phat sung se c x l. SELECT =1:Bo ieu khien se c go i trong khoi OB1 va ch thuat HCM Tn toaP. PID c x l. huat Ky t SELECT = 2: bo ieu pham H Su khien se c go i trong ng D Truo mot chu k nhanh mc yen n qu o gian oan va ch bo Ba phat sung c x l. SELECT =3: Bo ieu khien se c go i trong mot chu k cham mc o gian oan va ch thuat toan PID c x l. 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE PV OUTPU REAL Tuy Tn hieu qua trnh c T cam xuat qua con g ra bien s process variable dung LMN OUTPU REAL 0.0 MANIPULATED T VARIABLE Gia tr ra c thiet lap bang tay tho ng qua cong ra manipulated variable LMN_PER OUTPU INT 0 MANIPULATED

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24.0

QPULSE

24.1

QLMN HLM

24.2

QLMN_LL M

24.3

QC_ACT

VARIABLE PERIPHERY. Gia tr au ra thiet lap bang tay theo kie u bieu dien phu hp vi cac cong vao/ra tng t c chon qua ngo ramanipulated variable periphery OUTPU BOOL FALS OUTPUT PULSE T E SIGNAL. Khi co gia tr xung c kch hoat th se co tn hieuMra tai ngo ra . HC t TP aQPULSE u y th OUTPU BOOL FALS HIGH LIMIT OF am K ph H Su T E MANIPULATED ng D Truo VARIABLE yen n qu REACHED. Ba Cong ra hight limit of manipulated variable reached thong bao gia tr cua bien qua trnh vt qua gia tr gii han OUTPU BOOL FALS LOW LIMIT OF T E MANIPULATED VARIABLE REACHED Cong ra low limit of manipulated variable reached thong bao gia t cua bien qua trnh nho hn gia tr gi i han OUTPU BOOL TRUE NEXT CYCLE, THE T CONTINUOUS CONTROLLER IS

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26.0

CYCLE

30.0

CYCLE_P

34.0

SP_INT

WORKING. Thong so nay se c ch ro khi co hay khong trang thai ieu khien tiep theo se c thi hanh tai lan goi tiep theo (ch thch hp khi SELECT co gia tr 1 hoac 0) INPUT/ REAL 0.001 0.1s SAMPLE TIME OF OUTPU s CONTINUOUS T CONTROLLER[s]. Tai ay se set thi gian mau oiMv i thuat toan . HC t TP aPID. Bo ieu chnh u y th trong pha th nhat va am K u ph a vao CYCLE. Thi DH S ng Truo gian lay mau la khoang yen n qu thi gian khong oi Ba gia cac lan kho i c cap nhat. INPUT/ REAL 0.001 0.02s SAMPLE TIME OF OUTPU s PULSE T GENERATOR[s]. Tai ngo vao nay, ban a vao thi gian mau oi v i may phat xung. FB 58 TCONT_CP tnh toan th i gian mau trong pha th nhat va a no vao trong CYCLE_P. INPUT/ REAL vung 0.0 INTERNAL OUTPU gia tr SETPOINT T cua gia au vao internal tr x l setpoint c s dung e thiet lap tn hieu chu

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ao. 38.0 MAN INPUT/ REAL 0.0 MANUAL VALUE. OUTPU Cong vao manual T value c s dung e at gia tr bang cac ham giao dien 42.0 COM_RST INPUT/ BOOL FALS COMPLETE OUTPU E RESTART T Khoi co chc nang khi tao lai he thong hoan toan khi au vao complete restart c thie t lap gia tr logic TRUE M . HC 42.1 MAN_ON INPUT/ BOOL TRUE uaMANUAL t TP y th OPERATION ON. OUTPU am K u ph T Khi au vao manual DH S ng Truo operation on co gia tr yen n qu Ba logic TRUE mach vong ieu khien se b ngat, cac gia tr se c thiet lap bang tay. 90.0 PVPER_O INPUT BOOL FALS PROCES VARIABLE N E PERIPHERY ON Neu ban muon gia tr x l c oc thong qua thie t b I/O, ngo vao PV_PER phai c ket noi en I/O va gia tr x l ngoai vi phai c set len (TRUE). 186.5 LOAD_PI INPUT/ BOOL FALS LOAD OPTIMIZED D OUTPU E PI/PID PARAMETERS T 186.6 PID_ON INPUT/ BOOL FALS PID MODE ON OUTPU E PID controller: T PID_ON = TRUE

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PI controller: PID _ON = FALSE

5.3 HAM FC105, FC106 e thuat l i trong qua trnh x ly cac tn hieu tng t phan mem Step 7 co san ham th vien FC105,FC106 5.3.1 Ham FC105_nh t le ga tr ngo vao Analog

Hnh 5.14. Cac cau lenh ong DH m FC105 cua ha


nT quye an ru

Su

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

B - V du: Mc ay trong bon c o bang lt .Bo chuyen oi o c chon 500 lt th tng ng vi mot gia tr o la 10V. - T le: Module Analog chuyen oi gia tr analog 10V thanh so nguye n 27 648. Gia tr nay bay gi a c chuyen oi thanh ai lng vat l lt. Qua trnh nay ng i ta goi la nh t le gia tr Analog. - Chng trnh:Viec nh t le gia tr analog c thc hie trong khoi chuan FC 105. Khoi FC 105 nam trong th vien Standard Librarytrong chng trnh S7TI-S7 Converting Block cua phan mem Step 7. - IN : Gia tr Analog tai ngo vao IN co the c oc trc tiep t module hoac oc qua ngo giao tiep d lieu trong dang INTEGR - LO_LIM,HI_LIM: Cac gii han chuyen oi cac ai lng vat l se c at trc cac ngo vao LO_LIM (gii han di) va HI_LIM (gii han tren). Trong th du tren th gii han chuyen oi t 0 en 500 lt.

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OUT: Gia tr t le (ai lng vat l) th c lu tr nh la mot so thc tai ngo ra OUT. Hang so K1, K2 se c set da tren gia tr ngo vao la BIPPOLAR hay UNBIPPOLAR BIPPOLAR: Ngo vao BIPPOLAR xac nh lieu gia tr am co c chuyen oi hay khong. BIPPOLAR: Gia tr ngo vao la so nguye n c tha nhan gia -27648 va +27648,do o K1 la -27648, K2 la +27648. UNBIPPOLAR: Gia tr ngo vao la so nguye n c tha nhan gia 0 va +27648,do o K1 la0, K2 la +27648. Trong v du tren, bit nh 0.0 co tn hieu 0 va v the bao hieu gia tr ngo HCM TP. vao la mot cc. huat Ky thoat ong khong co s RET_VAL: Ngo ra RET_VAL co gia tr phneu s 0 am H Su co. ng D Truo K , ngo ra OUT c kiem soat bi Neu gia tr tai ngo vao nln hn 2 ye n qu n, neu gia tr tai ngo vao nho hn K , ngo ra OUT Ba HI_LIM va loi xuat hie 1 c kiem soat bi LO_LIM va loi xuat hien. Luc nay ENO se c set gia tr 0, va RET_VALse co gia tr W#16#0008.

5.3.2 Ham FC106_Khon g chia t le so thc cho ngo ra Analog

Hnh 5.15. Cac cau lenh cua ham FC106

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V du: Chng trnh tnh toan gia tr Analog trong pham vi t 0 en 100.0%. Gia tr nay c chuyen ti ngo ra nh mot module ngo ra Analog. - Khong chia t le: Kho i chuan FC106 c s dung cho viec khong chia t le (s bien o i cua mot so thc t 0 en 100.0% thanh mot so nguyen 16 bits t 0 en 27648) - OUT:Gia tr Analog khong chia t le tai ngo ra out co the c tryen i di dang mot so nguyen 16 bits en ngo giao tie p d lie u hoac trc tiep en ngoai vi. HCM Chng trnh: Khoi FC106 nam trong th vien Standard Library trong chng TP. huat Ky t trnh S7 TI-S7 Converting Block cua phan memaStep7. m 5.4 V du ng dung ieu khien mu nc trong bon n Trc quye 5.4.1 Nguyen Ly hoaBaon g : t n Nc c bm t bnh cha 1 le n bnh 2 ban g bm ly tam ,bm ly tam hoat ong theo hai che o co the ieu khien bang tay hoac ieu khien t PLC bang num chuyen hai che o AUTO va MAN, bm hoat ong hieu ien the xoay chieu 220-240 VAC ,cong suat la 30 W, lu lng nc khoang 20 lt/phut, no c tac o ng bi 2 rle(250 VAC/5A). Don g nc qua bm chia lam 2 phan, 1 lng se qua van solenoid va 1 lng c hoi ve be 1 e bao am an toan cho bm khi van solenoid ong lai. Van solenoid cung co the c ieu khien bang tay hoac bang PLC dun g e o ng m tc thi do ng nc len bon cha 1 khi ieu khien. Ap suat hoat o ng t 0-10 bar, cap dong 24 VDC, dong co the c cap t rle hoac trc tiep t PLC.
Dong tiep tuc qua bo phan hie n th lu lng dong c kh dung e ieu chnh lu lng sao cho v a phai on nh gi a 2 luon g nc phan nhan h t bm. Khi qua bo chuyen o i lu l ng bo pha n nay se hie n th gia tr lu l ng dong chay chnh xa c va truyen thon g so na y ve cho PLC x ly d i dang dong ien t 0/4 20 mA tuy theo gia tr ln nho cu a lu lng n c. PLC nhan 2 ngo vao analog la bo chuyen oi lu lng va cam bien, tuy thuo c vao chng trnh phan mem ieu khien c viet san ma PLC se ieu khie n proportional

H Su ng D

ph

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vale( vale ieu khien ty le ) e on g m gop m cu a van . Do o lu lng nc se c ieu khie n 1 ca ch ty le vi dong ma PLC xuat ra t ngo ra AO.
V 2 (0% -100 % ) Va n tuye n tn h L IS 1
4-20mA
S ta rt / S top

I0.1

B on 2
PS CPU DI DO AO AI
P Q W 2 88 P IW 2 7 2

1-100cm

Q0.2

I0.0

V4 V an xa

B O O M C
4-20mA

Q0.1

BO O L N G

V1 O N /O F F

B o n 1

uyen an q

H Su ng D ruo
B M

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

V3 O N /O F F

Hnh 5.16. S o kho i ieu khien mc n c.

5.4.2 S o khoi cua he thon g t ong


ess SP N

PID Fuzzy (FB58) control

Bon nc 2

PV

Cam bien Ca mc o m bien


Hnh 5.17. S o kho i cua he thong t ong

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PID control: c ieu khien thong qua cu c PLC Bo n nc 2: la o i t ng ieu khien Cam bien o : cam bie n o mc n c d a va o ap lc e len be ma t t 0 0.1 bar e a ra dong va ap tng ng t 4-20mA Tn hie u nhie u ess do tac ong cu a van xa Trong o : SP : la gia tr t nhap vao ( c nhap vao t ben ngoai ). PV : la gia tr hien tai co trong bo n n c (gia tr c oc t vung nh vao analog) Ta lay gia tr hien tai PV so vi gia tr a vao SP ta c ess = SP-PV S o ie u khien
FC105 AI A/D
Vun g nh So thc IN

FB58 FB 30
So thc

FC106 A0 D/A Tn hieu ra

4-20 mA

PIW

PQW

5.4.3. Khai Bao Thong So Phan C ng:


Slot 1 Nguon 230VAC - 24VDC PS 307 5A 6ES7 307 1EA00-0AA0

Slot 2 va slot 3 T CPU 315 en 8DI/D0 x 24V/ quy 0.5A Ban (S7-300) 6ES7 323 CPU 315- 2DP 1BH00-0AA0 6ES7 315 2AF03-0AB0V1.2

Su g DH nSlot 4 ruo

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

Slot 5 AI 2x 12 bit (4-20 mA) 6ES7 3317KB02-0AB0

Slot 6 A0 2x 12 bit (4-20 mA) 6ES7 332 5HB01-0AB0

Hnh 5.18. Khai bao phan cng cho tram PLC

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Ban g a ch vao ra a Ch I0.0 I0.1 Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 AI 0 AI 1 AO 0 Phan mem ieu khien
K pham y th

Ten thiet b S1 Nut Start/Stop LIS1 Cam bien phat hien ngn g tren en bao tran g thai Start/ Stop Van V3 va Bm Van V1 LIS1 Cam bien o mc 420mA FIS1 Cam bien o lu lng 420mA V2 Van tuyen tnh
M

P. HC at T u

uyen an q

H Su ng D ruo

OB1: Network 1 A "Start/Stop push button" FN M 0.0 S "Start/Stop push lamp" S "Pump_Valve3"

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Network 2 A "Level_Switch" = "V1" Network3 // Lay gia tri hien thoi cua level CALL "SCALE" IN :=MW10 HI_LIM :=1.000000e+002 LO_LIM :=0.000000e+000 BIPOLAR:=FALSE RET_VAL:=MW12 OUT :="Curr_Level" L T "Curr_Level" ng D Truo "db58".PV_IN quyen n a
B H Su

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

// Lay SP cua PID Controller

L T

"Level_SP" "db58".SP_INT

CALL "TCONT_CP" , "db58" PV_IN := PV_PER := DISV := INT_HPOS:= INT_HNEG:= SELECT :=1 PV := LMN := LMN_PER := QPULSE := QLMN_HLM:= Trang 78

QLMN_LLM:= QC_ACT := CYCLE := CYCLE_P := SP_INT := MAN := COM_RST := MAN_ON := L T "db58".LMN_PER "Proportional_Valve"

// Lay % do mo vua Van V2 L T "db58".LMN "Op_Per_V2"


B T H Su ng D ruo

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

uyen an q

Network 4 A S S "db58".PID_ON M 0.2 "db58".LOAD_PID

Network 5 A A FN R R "Start/Stop push lamp" "Start/Stop push button" M 0.1 "Start/Stop push lamp" "Pump_Valve3"

OB100: Network1: Trang 79

SET R R DB58:

"db58".MAN_ON "db58".PVPER_ON

uyen an q

H Su ng D ruo

K pham

y th

P. HC at T u

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