Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Farid Khan
1
Manometer
Used to measure pressure of fluids (liquids or gases) in a reservoirs (tanks, pipes, pressure vessels) Measuring liquid (manometer liquid) is used Liquids with high density or specific weights are used as measuring liquid e.g. -Water, mercury, oil, salt solutions, alcohols, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide
Simple Manometer
U-Shaped manometer Gives gauge pressure readings Can be used for positive as well as negative pressures
PA Ah1 mh2 PA mh2 Ah1
PA w Smh2 S Ah1
hA
PA
Sm h2 S Ah1
3
Simple Manometer
hA
PA
Sm h2 S Ah1
PA mh2 Ah1
PA
m hA h2 h1 A
Simple Manometer
A
PA
m hA h2 h1 A
PA
Sm hA h2 h1 SA
Simple Manometer
h1 10 cm h 2 8 cm
Hg 132.83 kN/m3
PB Water h2 h1
Hg
6
Simple Manometer
h1 10 cm h 2 8 cm
Hg 132.83 kN/m3
PB Water h2 h1
PA wh2 Hg h1 0 PA wh2 Hg h1
Hg
7
Simple Manometer
h1 = 20 cm h2 = 10 cm Hg = 132.83 kN/m3
P wh1 Hg h2 0 B
P wh1 Hg h2 B
hB
PB
Hg h1 h2 w
PB Water
h2
h1 S Hg h2
hB = ------ m of water
h1
Hg
8
Differential Manometer
Used to measure difference in pressure at two points
B Sp. Gr. S3
h3
A Sp. A S1 Gr.
h2
h1
Differential Manometer
PA Ah2 2h1 B h3 P 0 B
PA P 2h1 B h3 Ah2 B
h3
A Sp. A S1 Gr. B Sp. Gr. S3
PA P B
S2 h1 S B h3 S Ah2
h2
h1
hA hB S2h1 SB h3 S Ah2
(m of water)
Sp. Gr. S2
10
Differential Manometer
PA Ah2 2h1 B h3 P 0 B
PA P Ah2 2h1 B h3 B
PA P B
S Ah2 S2h1 S B h3
h1
h3
B Sp. Gr. S3
A Sp. Gr. S1
h2
hA hB S Ah2 S2h1 SB h3
Sp. Gr. S2
11
Differential Manometer
Problem: When pressure difference b/w two point is less then it is difficult to measure pressure difference accurately Solution?
A Sp. A S1 Gr.
B Sp. Gr. S3
h3
h1 h2
Sp. Gr. S2
12
h3
A Sp. A S1 Gr.
h2 h1
h1 h2
B Sp. Gr. S3 Sp. Gr. S2
A Sp. Gr. S1
h3
13
h2 h1
A Sp. Gr. S1
h3
B Sp. Gr. S3
14
PA P B
S Ah1 S2 h2 S B h3
h2
h1
A Sp. Gr. S1
hA hB S Ah1 S2h2 SB h3
B Sp. Gr. S3
h3
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