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    Shadmƛn Rƛzzƛq
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    This document discusses different types of manometers used to measure fluid pressure. It begins by defining a manometer as a device that uses measuring liquids of high density to determine pressure in reservoirs. It then describes three main types of manometers: simple manometers that use a U-shaped tube to measure gauge pressure; differential manometers that measure the difference in pressure between two points; and inverted differential manometers used when pressure differences are small. Equations for calculating pressure from liquid heights in each manometer type are provided.

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    Lecture 5

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    This document discusses different types of manometers used to measure fluid pressure. It begins by defining a manometer as a device that uses measuring liquids of high density to determine pressure in reservoirs. It then describes three main types of manometers: simple manometers that use a U-shaped tube to measure gauge pressure; differential manometers that measure the difference in pressure between two points; and inverted differential manometers used when pressure differences are small. Equations for calculating pressure from liquid heights in each manometer type are provided.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views15 pages

    Fluid Mechanics: DR Farid Khan

    Uploaded by

    Shadmƛn Rƛzzƛq
    This document discusses different types of manometers used to measure fluid pressure. It begins by defining a manometer as a device that uses measuring liquids of high density to determine pressure in reservoirs. It then describes three main types of manometers: simple manometers that use a U-shaped tube to measure gauge pressure; differential manometers that measure the difference in pressure between two points; and inverted differential manometers used when pressure differences are small. Equations for calculating pressure from liquid heights in each manometer type are provided.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 15

    Fluid Mechanics

    Dr Farid Khan
    1

    Manometer
    Used to measure pressure of fluids (liquids or gases) in a reservoirs (tanks, pipes, pressure vessels) Measuring liquid (manometer liquid) is used Liquids with high density or specific weights are used as measuring liquid e.g. -Water, mercury, oil, salt solutions, alcohols, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide

    Simple Manometer
    U-Shaped manometer Gives gauge pressure readings Can be used for positive as well as negative pressures
    PA Ah1 mh2 PA mh2 Ah1

    PA w Smh2 S Ah1

    hA

    PA

    Sm h2 S Ah1
    3

    Simple Manometer
    hA

    PA

    Sm h2 S Ah1

    In terms of head of water

    PA mh2 Ah1

    PA

    m hA h2 h1 A

    In terms of head of liquid in pipe

    Simple Manometer
    A
    PA

    m hA h2 h1 A

    In terms of head of liquid in pipe

    PA

    Sm hA h2 h1 SA

    Simple Manometer
    h1 10 cm h 2 8 cm

    Hg 132.83 kN/m3
    PB Water h2 h1

    Hg
    6

    Simple Manometer
    h1 10 cm h 2 8 cm

    Hg 132.83 kN/m3
    PB Water h2 h1

    PA wh2 Hg h1 0 PA wh2 Hg h1

    Hg
    7

    Simple Manometer
    h1 = 20 cm h2 = 10 cm Hg = 132.83 kN/m3

    P wh1 Hg h2 0 B

    P wh1 Hg h2 B
    hB

    PB

    Hg h1 h2 w
    PB Water

    h2

    h1 S Hg h2
    hB = ------ m of water

    h1

    Hg
    8

    Differential Manometer
    Used to measure difference in pressure at two points
    B Sp. Gr. S3

    h3
    A Sp. A S1 Gr.

    h2

    h1

    Sp. Gr. S2 (a) (b)


    9

    Differential Manometer
    PA Ah2 2h1 B h3 P 0 B
    PA P 2h1 B h3 Ah2 B
    h3
    A Sp. A S1 Gr. B Sp. Gr. S3

    PA P B

    S2 h1 S B h3 S Ah2

    h2

    h1

    hA hB S2h1 SB h3 S Ah2
    (m of water)
    Sp. Gr. S2
    10

    Differential Manometer
    PA Ah2 2h1 B h3 P 0 B
    PA P Ah2 2h1 B h3 B

    PA P B

    S Ah2 S2h1 S B h3
    h1

    h3
    B Sp. Gr. S3

    A Sp. Gr. S1

    h2

    hA hB S Ah2 S2h1 SB h3

    Sp. Gr. S2
    11

    Differential Manometer
    Problem: When pressure difference b/w two point is less then it is difficult to measure pressure difference accurately Solution?
    A Sp. A S1 Gr.
    B Sp. Gr. S3

    h3

    h1 h2

    Sp. Gr. S2
    12

    Inverted Differential Manometer


    Sp. Gr. S2 B Sp. Gr. S3

    h3
    A Sp. A S1 Gr.

    h2 h1

    h1 h2
    B Sp. Gr. S3 Sp. Gr. S2

    A Sp. Gr. S1

    h3

    13

    Inverted Differential Manometer


    When pressure difference b/w two point is less then inverted differential manometer measure pressure difference accurately Specific gravity of measuring fluid must be less than that of liquids in pipes
    Sp. Gr. S2

    h2 h1
    A Sp. Gr. S1

    h3
    B Sp. Gr. S3
    14

    Inverted Differential Manometer


    PA Ah1 2h2 B h3 P 0 B
    PA P Ah1 2h2 B h3 B
    Sp. Gr. S2

    PA P B

    S Ah1 S2 h2 S B h3

    h2

    h1
    A Sp. Gr. S1

    hA hB S Ah1 S2h2 SB h3
    B Sp. Gr. S3

    h3

    15

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