Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TI LIU K THUT
Hng dn nh gi s ph hp ca cng ngh x l
nc thi v gii thiu mt s cng ngh x l
nc thi i vi ngnh Ch bin thu sn,
Dt may, Giy v bt giy
H Ni, 2011
BAN BIN TP
TS. Nguyn Th ng
GS.TS. Trn Hiu Nhu
PGS.TS. Cao Th H
TS. ng Vn Li
ThS. Nguyn Th Thin Phng
ThS. Thanh Bi
TS. Nguyn Phm H
TS. Nguyn Th Phng Loan
ThS. Phm Th Kiu Oanh
MC LC
Mc lc ............................................................................................................ i
Danh sch ch vit tt ................................................................................... iii
Danh sch hnh ............................................................................................... v
Danh sch bng............................................................................................. vii
Li ni u
Chng 1 Hng dn nh gi s ph hp ca cng ngh x l nc
thi ................................................................................................................. 1
Chng 2 Ngnh cng nghip Ch bin Thy sn .................................. 13
2.1 Gii thiu chung ..................................................................................... 15
2.2 Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin thu sn .................................................. 16
2.3 Lu lng v thnh phn nc thi ........................................................ 19
2.4 Cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp xut ........................................... 20
2.4.1 Hin trng cng ngh x l nc thi ca ngnh Ch bin Thy
sn ......................................................................................................... 20
2.4.2 Cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp xut ................................ 21
2.5 Mt s cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin thy sn c nh gi ph
hp ................................................................................................................ 26
2.5.1 H thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty ch bin thy sn 01 (Cng
ty CBTS 01), cng sut 3.600 m3/ngy m ......................................... 27
2.5.2 H thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty ch bin thy sn 02 (Cng
ty CBTS 02), cng sut 1.200 m3/ngy m ......................................... 34
2.5.3 H thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty ch bin thy sn 03 (Cng
ty CBTS 03), cng sut 400 m3/ngy m ............................................ 43
Chng 3 Ngnh Cng nghip Dt may ................................................... 53
3.1 Gii thiu chung ..................................................................................... 55
3.2 Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ................................................................. 55
3.3 Lu lng v thnh phn nc thi ........................................................ 57
3.4 Cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp xut ........................................... 58
3.4.1 Hin trng cng ngh x l nc thi ca ngnh Dt may .......... 58
3.4.2 Cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp xut ................................ 58
ii
iii
vi
vii
viii
ix
LI NI U
Sau hn 30 nm thc hin qu trnh cng nghip ha v hin i ha,
Vit Nam c cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut v khu cng ngh cao
57/63 tnh thnh, thu ht hng chc ngn d n xy dng nh my vi loi
ngnh ngh v hn 300.000 c s cng nghip bn ngoi cc KCN/KCX. Bn
cnh vic sn xut ra mt khi lng ln sn phm phc v nhu cu trong nc
v xut khu, cc c s cng nghip cng tiu th mt khi lng khng l cc
ngun ti nguyn thin nhin v nng lng, ng thi thi vo mi trng mt
khi lng tng ng cc loi cht thi (lng, kh, rn v bn). Trong nc
thi thng l ngun thi c quan tm nht do chng thung c lu lng
ln, nng cc cht nhim cao, thnh phn nhim kh x l hoc chi ph
x l tn km v to nn khi lng ln sn phm ph ngoi mun. Mc d
s lng cc c s sn xut cng nghip xy dng h thng x l nc thi
tng ln r rt trong nhng nm qua nhng cht lng nc thi sau x l
thng khng t tiu chun x vo ngun tip nhn. Nhiu khi cn vt tiu
chun cho php x thi hng chc ln, gy ra nhim mi trng nghim trng.
C nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra tnh trng trn, nhng nguyn nhn quan trng l
vic la chn cng ngh khng ph hp v/hoc xy dng khng ng thit k vn hnh sai quy trnh.
Trong iu kin cng tc bo v mi trng ngy cng c quan tm,
cng tc thi hnh Lut Bo v mi trng v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong
lnh vc mi trng ngy cng c sit cht th bt buc cc c s cng nghip
phi thc hin nghim tc cng tc x l nc thi bo v mi trng. Nhm h
tr cho cc c s cng nghip thc hin tt cng tc x l nc thi v cc S
Ti nguyn v Mi trng a phng trong vic h tr doanh nghip trong la
chn cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp gp phn bo v mi trng, Tng cc
Mi trng xy dng v xin trn trng gii thiu cun Ti liu k thut
Hng dn nh gi s ph hp ca cng ngh x l nc thi v gii
thiu mt s cng ngh x l nc thi i vi ngnh Ch bin Thu sn,
Dt may, Giy v bt giy .
Ti liu hng dn bao gm cc hai phn (1) hng dn nh gi s ph
hp ca cng ngh x l nc thi, (2) nh gi v xut cng ngh x l
nc thi ph hp ca ngnh Ch bin Thy sn, Dt may, Giy v bt giy.
Ban bin tp xin chn thnh cm n cc nh khoa hc, cc nh qun l,
cc chuyn gia ng gp kin cho cun Ti liu ny.
Ban bin tp cng xin chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o cc nh my
h tr chng ti trong qu trnh thc hin nh gi s ph hp ca cng ngh x
l nc thi.
Trong qu trnh bin son, chc chn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st,
Ban bin tp rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp Ti liu c tip
tc hon thin hn na./.
Ban bin tp
Chng 1
Hng dn nh gi s ph
hp ca cng ngh x l
nc thi
Ai
i 1
Bj
j 1
p 1
Cp
Dq
q 1
TT
Tiu ch
Tiu ch k thut
Mc tun th cc quy nh v x
thi (QCVN)
C 3 ln ly mu, tt c cc ch tiu
u t quy nh
1/3 ln ly mu, c xc xut t nht
mt ch tiu khng t quy nh
1/3 ln ly mu, c xc xut t nht
hai ch tiu khng t quy nh
C 3 ln ly mu, c xc sut t nht
mt ch tiu khng t quy nh
Hiu qu ca cng ngh (% loi b
cht nhim)
Hiu qu x l t trn 80% (i vi
t nht 5 ch tiu chnh c la chn
ph thuc vo c tnh ca ngnh
cng nghip)
Hiu qu x l t 60-80% (i vi t
nht 5 ch tiu chnh c la chn
ph thuc vo c tnh ca ngnh
cng nghip)
Tui th, bn ca cng trnh,
thit b
Thi gian sa cha ln 5 nm/ln
(1)
48
A1
15
V d
khong
dao ng
15
11-14 im
1-10 im
0
A2
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
A3
5
5
Dao ng
t 2-4 im
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
TT
4
im s
V d
ti a minh ha
Tiu ch
T l ni a ha ca h thng my
mc, thit b
Ton b thit b, linh kin c sn
xut v ch to trong nc
50% thit b, linh kin c sn xut
v ch to trong nc
Ton b thit b, linh kin do nc
ngoi sn xut v ch to
Kh nng thay th linh kin, thit b
Thit b, linh kin c sn ti a
phng
Thit b, linh kin khng c sn ti
a phng (nhng c Vit Nam)
Thit b, linh kin khng c Vit
Nam (phi nhp khu)
Kh nng thch ng khi tng nng
hoc lu lng nc thi u
vo
Hiu qu x l khng (hoc t) b nh
hng khi nng hoc lu lng
thay i (+/-) 15% so vi thit k
H thng ch c kh nng x l ng
vi lu lng v nng thit k
Thi gian xy dng h thng (t xy
dng n khi chnh thc a vo s
dng)
Thi gian xy dng, lp t v vn
hnh th mc thp (tn t thi
gian)
Thi gian xy dng, lp t v vn
hnh th mc trung bnh
Thi gian xy dng, lp t v vn
hnh th mc cao (tn nhiu
thi gian)
Mc hin i, t ng ha ca
cng ngh
A4
V d
khong
dao ng
5
5
Dao ng
t 2-4 im
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
A5
5
5
Dao ng
t 2-4 im
Dao ng
t 0-2im
A6
3
Dao ng
t 0-2im
A7
4
Dao ng
t 2-3 im
Dao ng
t 0-1im
A8
Dao ng
t 1-2 im
Dao ng
t 0-1 im
TT
9
10
im s
V d
ti a minh ha
Tiu ch
Kh nng m rng, ci tin modul
ca cng ngh
C kh nng lp ghp, ci tin modul
v m rng cng ngh
Khng hoc t c kh nng lp ghp
v ci tin, m rng modul cng ngh
Thi gian tp hun cho cn b vn
hnh h thng x l nc thi cho
n khi cn b vn hnh thnh
tho
Trn 01 thng
A9
2
2
Dao ng
t 0-1 im
A10
3
3
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
Di 01 thng
II
11
Tiu ch kinh t
Chi ph xy dng v lp t thit b
(tnh theo sut u t)
Chi ph xy dng v lp t thp
Chi ph xy dng v lp t trung
bnh
25
B1
9
9
Dao ng
t 4-8 im
Dao ng
t 2-4 im
B2
9
Dao ng
t 4-8 im
Dao ng
t 2-4 im
III
14
V d
khong
dao ng
B3
7
7
Dao ng
t 3-6 im
Dao ng
t 1-3 im
17
C1
4
4
Dao ng
t 1-3 im
TT
15
16
17
18
IV
19
im s
V d
ti a minh ha
Tiu ch
Nhu cu s dng nguyn liu v
nng lng
Mc s dng ha cht, nng lng
mc thp (s dng t ha cht, nng
lng)
Mc s dng ha cht, nng lng
mc trung bnh
Mc s dng ha cht, nng lng
mc cao
Kh nng ti s dng cht thi th
cp
C thu hi, ti s dng nc thi, kh
thi cho mc ch s dng khc
Khng hoc t c kh nng thu hi,
ti s dng nc thi, kh thi cho
mc ch s dng khc
Mc x l cht thi th cp
C kh nng x l tt cht thi th
cp
t hoc khng c kh nng x l cht
thi th cp
Mc ri ro i vi mi trng
v gii php phng nga, khc
phc khi xy ra s c k thut
C cc gii php phng nga, khc
phc s c nhanh
Khng hoc t c gii php hoc kh
nng phng nga, khc phc s c
chm
Tiu ch v mt x hi
Mc m hc v cm quan ca h
thng
C2
4
4
Dao ng
t 2-3 im
Dao ng
t 1-2 im
C3
3
3
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
C4
3
3
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
C5
3
3
Dao ng
t 0-2 im
10
D1
c thit k v xy dng p, ph
hp vi phi cnh khng gian
Kh nng thch ng vi cc iu
kin vng, min
V d
khong
dao ng
Dao ng
t 1-2 im
D2
Dao ng
t 0-3 im
TT
21
im s
V d
ti a minh ha
Tiu ch
Ngun nhn lc qun l v vn
hnh HTXLNT
Nhn lc qun l v vn hnh h
thng gm k s mi trng v cng
nhn
Nhn lc qun l v vn hnh h
thng gm k s kim nghim v
cng nhn
Nhn lc qun l v vn hnh h
thng ch c cng nhn
TNG S IM
D3
V d
khong
dao ng
3
3
Dao ng
t 1-2 im
Dao ng
t 0- 1 im
100
100
Tiu ch I.1 10
Tng im 50
50 Tng im 70
Tng im 70
Khng nn p dng
C th p dng
Khuyn khch p dng
10
11
T chc, c nhn
H s cng ngh
C quan t chc
nh gi cng ngh
t yu cu
Thnh lp v hp Hi ng nh gi
Gim st nh gi
hin trng (nu cn)
C quan nh gi
hin trng thc hin
Bo co kt qu
nh gi hin trng
Hi
ng nh
giassessment
theo tiu ch
e results
of site
C quan t chc
nh gi cng ngh
t
Cng ngh ph hp
12
Chng 2
Hnh 2.1 Kim ngch xut khu thy sn ca Vit Nam (t nm 2008 2011)
15
16
Nguyn liu
Ngm 1
Ct tit
Ngm 2-Ngm 3
Fillet - Cn
Ra 1
Lng da - Cn
Ra 2
Sa c/Chnh hnh
Ra 3
Kim tra Cn
To hnh hon chnh
Ra 4
Quay bng
Phn loi - Cn
Ra 5
Xp khun
ng IQF
Cp ng
Ti ng
Tch khun
Cn
ng gi
Thnh phm
Hnh 2.2 Quy trnh tng qut ch bin c tra v basa fillet ng lnh
17
X l
Nghin p
Ra
p nh hnh
Phi trn cc
ph gia
Kh nc
Lc
Vo khun
Cp ng
Thnh phm
18
Nguyn liu
Tip nhn
Ra ln 1
S ch
ng IQF
Ra ln 3
Ngm
Ra ln 2
M bng, ti
ng
Bao PE, vo
hp
R kim loi
ng thng
Thnh phm
Hnh 2.4 Quy trnh tng qut ch bin tm ng lnh
n v
Tm
ng lnh
C da trn
(tra-basa)
pH
SS
COD
BOD5
Ntng
Ptng
Du v m
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
6,5 - 9
100- 300
800- 2.000
500-1.500
50 - 200
10-120
-
6,5 - 7
500-1.200
800- 2.500
500-1.500
100-300
50-100
250-830
Thy sn
ng lnh
hn hp
5,5-9
50-194
694-2.070
391-1.539
30-100
3-50
2.4-100
Da vo Bng 2.1 cho thy thnh phn nc thi pht sinh t ch bin thu
sn c nng COD, BOD5, cht rn l lng, tng nit v photpho cao.
Nc thi c kh nng phn thy sinh hc cao th hin qua t l BOD/COD,
t l ny thng dao ng t 0,6 n 0,9. c bit i vi nc thi pht
sinh t ch bin c da trn c nng du v m rt cao t 250 n 830
mg/L. Nng photpho trong nc thi ch bin tm rt cao c th ln n
trn 120 mg/L.
19
Song chn rc
B kh trng
B lng
B cha bn
B iu ha
Tun hon bn
Bn thi
Hnh 2.5 S cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin thy sn p dng cng ngh sinh
hc hiu kh vi bn hot tnh l lng
Mng tch du & m
My tch rc
Thit b lc rc tinh
B tip nhn
B iu ha
B to bng
B tuyn ni
B sinh hc BHTDB
B sinh hc BHTLL
B Anoxic
B lng
B trung gian
B lc p lc
B kh trng
Nc thi
20
Song chn rc
B iu ha
B kh trng
B lng
B sinh hc hiu kh
B k kh
B cha bn
Nc thi
Tun hon bn
Bn thi
Hnh 2.7 S cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin thy sn p dng qu trnh sinh
hc k kh kt hp hiu kh
21
22
Tin x l
Nc thai
Nc thai
(NT1)
SCRM
SCRT
Be tach m
Ho thu gom
Be ieu hoa
X l bc 1: Cm x l ha l, tch du m v SS
PA 1:
Chat
keo tu
Polymer
Nc thai
sau lang (NT2)
NT1
Bun lang
Be keo tu
PA 2:
Chat
keo tu
Be tao bong
Be cha bun
Be lang
Polymer
NT1
Nc thai
sau tuyen noi (NT2)
23
PA 1:
Tai
s dung
Kh CH4
Bnh hap
thu kh
NT2
MTK
Be sinh hoc k kh
(UASB)
Be trung gian
PA 2:
NT2
Nc thai
sau lang (NT3)
THB
Bun lang
Be lang
Be anoxic
Be cha bun
MTK
Nc
sau lang (NT3)
THB
Be anoxic
Be lang
Bun lang
Be
cha bun
PA 3:
Vung thieu kh
Nc
sau lang (NT3)
NT2
Vung hieu kh
THB
Be lang
24
Bun lang
Be
cha bun
PA 1:
Polymer
Chat
keo tu
NaOCL
Nc thai
sau x ly
NT3
Be trung gian
Be keo tu
Bun lang
Be tao bong
Be lang
Be
cha bun
Be tiep xuc
NaOCL
PA2:
NT3
Ghi chu:
ng nc
Be trung gian
Be loc ap lc
Be tiep xuc
Hnh 2.8 Cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin thy sn c khuyn khch p dng
25
Nc thai
sau x ly
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
26
CBTS
01
37
CBTS
02
36
CBTS
03
30
15
12
12
3
1
3
1
1
1
18
7
7
19
8
8
22
8
9
10
2
2
2
2
12
3
2
2
3
11
3
2
2
1
S
TT
18
IV
19
20
21
CBTS
01
CBTS
02
CBTS
03
7
3
2
8
3
3
8
2
3
72
75
71
n v
pH
SS
COD
BOD5
Ntng
Ptng
Du v m
Coliform
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
MPN/100mL
Nng
u vo
2.400
1.400
520
90
66,7
21 x 104
Hiu qu
x l (%)
98
98
97
96
85
99
QCVN 11:2008,
Ct A
6-9
50
50
30
30
10
3.000
27
Al2(SO4)3
Polymer
MTK
Nc thai
SCRM
SCRT
Ho thu gom
Be tach m
Be keo tu
Be ieu hoa
NaOCL
Bon
tao ap
Vung thieu kh
Nc thai au ra
Vung hieu kh
THB
Be tiep xuc
Be lang
Ghi chu:
Polymer
ng nc
MTK
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
Bun a tach nc
May ep bun
28
Be cha bun
29
30
SL
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
01
01
01
01
01
Tlu
(pht)
9
11
415
0,13
8
1.620
230
25
-
31
Thng s k thut
Q = 150 m3/h; H = 10 m
Khe h KT = 5 mm;
Q = 300 m3/h
Khe h: 1 mm;
Q = 250 m3/h
Q = 8 m3/pht;
H=5m
Q = 75 m3/h; H = 10 m
D = 4,2 m;
H = 1,1 m
Q = 20 m3/h; H = 50- 60 m
Q = 750 l/pht
V = 70 vng/pht
V = 30 vng/pht
My sc kh b mt
B lng 2
H thng gt bn
V = 4 vng/pht
Bm bn tun hon Q = 20 25 m3/h; H = 10m
Bm bn d
Q = 50 m3/h; H = 10 m
B cha bn
Bm bn n my
Q = 4 m3/h; H = 2-3 bar
p bn
My p bn
Q = 4 m3/h
H thng nh lng ha cht
nh lng phn
Bm nh lng
Q = 200 l/h; H = 5 6 bar
Motor khuy
V = 70 vng/pht
nh lng
polymer Anion
Bm nh lng
Q = 200 l/h; H = 5-6 bar
Motor khuy
V = 70 vng/pht
nh lng Javen
Bm nh lng
Q = 150 l/h; H = 5-6 bar
nh lng polymer p bn
Bm nh lng
Q = 150 l/h; H = 5-6 bar
Motor khuy
V = 70 vng/pht
ng h o lu
Q = 0 180 m3/h
lng
32
SL
Xut x
Ci
Nht
Ci
Vit Nam
Ci
Ci
Nht
3
1
Ci
B
Nht
M
4
1
1
1
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
VN
Singapore
Singapore
Ci
Malaysia/
c
2
6
2
Ci
Ci
Ci
Singapore
Ci
VN
2
1
Ci
Ci
1
1
Ci
Ci
Singapore
Ci
2
1
Ci
Ci
an Mch/
Anh
n v
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
MPN/
100mL
7,6-7,7
4-5
20-32
11-27
8-13
0,05-0,50
4-10
Hiu
qu x
l (%)
99
99
99
41-86
65-87
QCVN
11:2008
Ct A
69
50
30
10
1
-
360 -2900
100
3.000
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
7 -7,1
742-795
1960-2320
1803-2158
22-63
0,01-0,02
23-41
6x105-1,2x106
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 2.7 Ha cht tiu th cho h thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty CBTS 01
Loi
Cht tr keo t
Cht keo t
Cht kh trng
Ha cht
Polimer anion
Polimer cation
Al2 (SO4)3 .18 H2O
NaOCl 10%
S lng cng nhn vn hnh: 05 nhn vin trong c 02 nhn vin qun
l v 03 nhn vin vn hnh.
33
Tn sut bo tr
Hng ngy
Hng thng
Hng nm
34
n v
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
Nng
u vo
6,6
700
1.634
1.250
119
104
Hiu qu x
l (%)
93
97
98
87
96
TCVN 5945:2005
Ct A
6-9
50
50
30
15
4
35
MTK
Phen nhomPolymer
Nc thai
SCRM
SCRT
Be tach dau va m
Be keo tu
Be ieu hoa
Ho thu gom
Be tuyen noi
sieu nong
May
nen kh
Bon
tao ap
MTK
NaOCL
Nc thai
au ra
Be loc ap lc
Be trung gian
THB
Be lang
Polymer
Ghi chu:
Be
tron bun
ng nc
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
Bun a tach nc
May ep bun
36
Be nen bun
Be anoxic
37
38
39
Th tch
(m3)
SL
Tlu (pht)
Mng tch du v m
01
H thu gom
01
9,6
B iu ha
299
01
360
B keo t
01
4,3
3,8 x 2,5
11
01
14
B thiu kh
140
01
169
448
01
537
169
01
203
10,0 x 4,0
314
01
203
B trung gian
15
01
18
B lc p lc
14
01
18
B tip xc
59
01
70
B nn bn
59
01
Nh t my p bn
01
Nh iu hnh
01
Cng trnh n v
B lng sinh hc
40
SL
H thu gom
My tch rc th
Bm nc thi chm
01
02
Thit b lc rc tinh
01
Thng s k thut
Q = 60 m3/h; H = 7 m
Q = 50 - 60 m3/h;
Khe h: 2 mm
Xut
x
Nm
sn
xut
VN
G8/EU
2006
2006
VN
2006
G8/EU
2006
M
G8/EU
2006
2006
VN
L
VN
2006
2006
2006
L
VN
VN
G8/EU
2006
2006
2006
2006
G8/EU
2006
G8/EU
2006
M
VN
2006
2006
B iu ha
My thi kh b iu ha
02
Q = 2,3 m3/pht;
H = 4,5 m
D = 120 mm
Q = 50 m3/h; H = 8 m
01
KT khung gt: 10 m
G8/EU
VN
2006
Mng rng ca
ng lng trung tm
Bm tun hon
B lc p lc
Bm cao p
B nn bn
Bm bn
My p bn
H thng pha ha cht
Bn cha ha cht
Bm nh lng
T iu khin
01
01
02
SUS304
RxH=1.500x1.600 mm
Q = 30 m3/h; H = 7 m
VN
VN
G8/EU
2006
2006
2006
02
Q = 50 m3/h; H = 40 m
G8/EU
2006
01
01
Q = 5 m3/h; H = 8 m
Q = 4 m3/h
G8/EU
L
2006
2006
03
03
01
V = 1000 L
Q = 200 lt/pht
VN
G8/EU
HQ
2006
2006
2006
41
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
pH
7,1-7,1
7,6-7,7
6-9
SS
mg/L
456-494
4-8
98-99
COD
mgO2/L
1.600-1.775
20-32
98-99
50
BOD5
mgO2/L
1.491-1.728
11-30
98-99
30
Amoni
mg/L
24,7-35,9
8-25
28-48
10
Clo d
mg/L
KPH-0,01
KPH-0,07
Ptng
mg/L
27,5-52,3
3-10
64-94
360-2.600
100
3.000
Ch tiu
Coliform*
MPN/
100mL
1,5 x 10
- 2,4 x 106
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 2.12 Ha cht tiu th cho h thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty CBTS 02
Loi
Ha cht
Cht tr keo t
Polimer
1.080
Ha cht keo t
Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O
77.760
Ha cht kh trng
NaOCl
6.480
42
Tn sut bo tr
My bm
Hng ngy
Hng tun
o cch in ca bm.
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
Hng ngy
Hng tun
My thi
kh
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
- Lm sch b lc u ht v cc b phn bn
ngoi my thi kh.
- Th van an ton bng tay
- Kim tra r ca ton b h thng kh
- Kim tra du bi trn v thay th nu cn thit.
- Thay du nht.
- Kim tra ng h p lc
- Kim tra v v sinh b phn gim thanh (tiu
m) u y
- Thay dy coroa v van 1 chiu cao su u
y
43
Nng
u vo
Hiu qu x
l (%)
TCVN 5945:2005
Ct B
pH
6,9
5,5-9
SS
mg/L
240
58
100
COD
mgO2/L
1860
96
80
BOD5
mgO2/L
1610
97
50
Ptng
mg/L
85
93
Ntng
mg/L
115
74
30
Ch tiu
44
PAC
NaOH
MTK
Nc thai
MB
SCRM
SCRT
Ho thu gom
Be tach dau va m
Be trung gian
Be ieu hoa
Ghi chu:
MTK
NaOCL
ng nc
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
Be lang
Be tiep xuc
Cong ty x ly bun
Be tuyen noi
MB
MB
Xe hut bun
Be cha bun
45
May
nen kh
Bon
tao ap
46
47
Kch thc
(DxRxH) (m)
3,3 x 1,5 x 1,0
4,5 x 9,0 x 2,0
1,5 x 1,5 x 3,0
1,5 x 1,5 x 3,0
B tch vng m
B iu ha
B keo t
B to bng
B tuyn ni
B bn hot tnh hiu kh
11,4 x 4,9 x 3,5
B lng
3,2 x 3,2 x 3,5
B kh trng
3,99 x 1,0 x 1,9
Ngn cha bn
1,5 x 1,0 x 3,6
B cha bn
4,9 x 3,9 x 3,1
B pha ho cht NaOH
1,0 x 1,25
B pha ho cht NaOCl
1,0 x 1,25
B pha ho cht PAC
1,0 x 1,25
Nh iu hnh
9,0 x 4,5 x 4,0
Tng thi gian x l ca ton quy trnh: 31,5 gi
Tng din tch s dng: 210 m2
Th tch
(m3)
5
79
6,8
6,8
195,5
36
7,6
5.4
59
1
1
1
162
SL
01
01
01
01
02
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
Tlu
(pht)
5
540
160
230
45
500
335
80
-
SL
Thng s k thut
Xut
x
01
01
02
01
Q = 17 m3/h
ng PVC khoan l 2 mm
Q= 15 20 m3/h, H = 14 m
Q = 17 m3/h; KT khe = 1 mm
VN
VN
Nht
VN
02
04
Q = 20 m3/h; H = 10 m
Vt liu: Inox
Nht
VN
01
VN/L
01
01
01
01
VN
L
VN
L
48
Tn thit b
SL
B thu bn
H thng mng trn
ng phn phi
Tm chn hng dng
B sinh hc hiu kh
My thi kh
H thng phn phi kh
Gi th vi sinh
Thit b tch vt liu m
B lng
H thng mng trn
ng phn phi
Thanh gt bn
Bm tun hon bn
Ngn cha bn
Bm bn
H thng nh lng ha cht
Bm nh lng
Bm ht bn
Thng pha ch v tiu th ha
cht
Thng s k thut
01
01
01
Xut
x
VN
VN
VN
02
01
02
01
Czech
M
VN
VN
01
01
01
01
Q = 15 20 m3/h; H = 15 m
VN
VN
VN
Nht
01
Q = 8 m3/h; H = 14 m
Nht
04
01
Q = 100 l/h
Cng sut: 1,5 Hp
04
VN
n v
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
MPN/
100mL
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
Hiu qu
x l(%)
6,46-6,94
225-240
2223-2254
1785-1840
7,15-7,51
35-58
75-84
44-49
75-84
96-97
97-98
QCVN
11:2008
Ct B
5,5 9
90
90
45
16x104
180-1.700
100
5.000
49
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 2.17 Ha cht s dng cho h thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty CBTS 03
Loi
Cht tr keo t
Cht keo t
Cht kh trng
Ha cht
Polimer
PAC
NaOCl 10%
Hng ngy
Hng thng
Hng nm
50
H thu
Song chn rc th
B iu ha
Song chn rc mn
B lng
B lc p lc
Hnh 2.12 H thng x l nc thi ch bin thy sn ca Cng ty CBTS 02, cng
sut 1.200 m3/ngym
51
52
Chng 3
53
Nguyn liu th
Si
Dt
Vi th
Ha cht tr,
thuc
nhum, ncthi,
Bi;
hi ha cht
Vn si,
Nc thi
Bi, n
Vn si
Sn phm
May
Bi, n
Nhum/hon tt
Nc thi, Kh thi,
Hi ha cht
Hnh 3.1 Cc cng on chnh v pht sinh dng thi ca ngnh Dt may
55
Dt
Nu
Git
Git
Nhum
Git
Ty
Trung ha
Vt nc
H hon tt
Sy kh
Sn phm
Si, vi
Dng thi pht sinh theo quy trnh cng ngh sn xut
. Trong qu trnh sn xut ca ngnh Dt may tiu th rt
nhiu nc, nguyn liu th, nhin liu v nng lng. V th nhiu loi cht
th
mhi
. Tng quan v
ngun gc pht sinh cht thi v cc tc ng n mi trng ca ngnh Dt
may c trnh by trong Bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1 Ngun gc cht thi v tc ng n mi trng ca ngnh dt may
Ngun gc
Hot ng ca nh my si
Bi; ting n
Hot ng ca nh my dt
Hot ng ca nh my nhum
hon tt
Hot ng ca my nn
Ting n; nhit d
56
n v
0
C
Pt-Co
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Nng
8,6 - 9,8
36 52
350 3710
69 380
360 2448
200 1450
22 43
0,9- 37,2
0,093 0,364
KPH-0,007
KPH-0,00025
KPH
KPH-0,013
57
thi.
cng o
.
rong h thng x l
c s dng nh l
58
59
Hoa chat
keo tu - chnh pH
Hoa chat
tr keo tu
Nc thai
sau lang (NT1)
MTK
Nc thai
Be tao bong
Be lang
Bun
lang
Be
cha bun
Be ieu hoa
PA 1:
Tai
s dung
Kh CH4
Bnh hap
thu kh
chnh pH
MTK
Nc thai
sau lang (NT2)
chat
dinh dng
NT1
Be trung gian
THB
Be sinh hoc
k kh UASB/EGSB
PA 2:
Chat
dinh dng+
chnh pH
MB
Bun lang
Be lang
Be cha bun
MTK
Nc thai
sau lang (NT2)
NT1
THB
Be lang
MB
60
Bun lang
Be cha bun
PA1:
Polymer
Hoa chat
keo tu+
chnh pH
NaOCL
NT2
Nc thai
sau x ly
Be trung gian
Be keo tu
Bun lang
Be tao bong
Be lang
Be cha bun
Be tiep xuc
PA 2:
NaOH
Nc thai
sau x ly
NT2
Be trung gian
Bun lang
Be lang
61
Be
cha bun
Be ieu chnh pH
PA 4:
May ozone
Ghi chu:
NT2
ng nc
ng bun
Be trung gian
MB
Be loc ap lc
Be suc kh ozone
Nc thai
sau x ly
ng kh
ng hoa chat
PA3:
Chat keo
tu + chnh pH
Polymer
NT2
Be keo tu
Be tao bong
Bun lang
Be lang
Be Be trung gian
cha bun
MB
Be loc ap lc
Be loc
than hoat tnh
Nc thai
sau x ly
Hnh 3.3 Cng ngh x l nc thi i vi ngun nguyn liu l polyester v hn hp cotton/polyester c khuyn khch p dng
62
PA1:
1:
Tai
s dung
Kh CH4
Bnh hap
thu kh
MTK
MTK
Nc thai
sau lang (NT1)
Nc thai
SCRT
Chat dinh
dng+ chnh pH
Ho thu gom
Be sinh
hoc k kh UASB
/ EGSB
Be trung gian
Be ieu hoa
PA2:
MTK
Chat
dinh dng+
chnh pH
Nc thai
THB
MB
Be lang
Ho thu gom
Be cha bun
MTK
Nc thai
sau lang (NT1)
Chat dinh
dng+ chnh pH
SCRT
Bun lang
Be ieu hoa
THB
Be trung gian
63
MB
Be lang
Bun lang
Be
cha bun
PA1:
Hoa chat
keo tu+
chnh pH
Hoa chat
tr keo tu
NT1
Nc thai
sau lang (NT2)
Bun lang
PA 2:
Chat
keo tu
Be tao bong
Be keo tu
Be cha bun
Be lang
Polymer
NT1
Nc thai
sau tuyen noi (NT2)
PA 1:
NaOH
Nc thai
sau x ly
NT2
Be trung gian
Be oxy hoa(Fenton)
Bun lang
Be lang
Be
cha bun
64
Be ieu chnh pH
Ghi chu:
PA 2:
ng nc
May ozone
ng bun
ng kh
NT2
ng hoa chat
Be trung gian
MB
Be loc ap lc
Nc thai
sau x ly
Be suc kh ozone
PA3:
Chat keo
tu + chnh pH
Polymer
NT2
Be keo tu
Be tao bong
Bun lang
Be lang
Be Be trung gian
cha bun
MB
Be loc ap lc
Hnh 3.4 Cng ngh x l nc thi i vi ngun nguyn liu l cotton c khuyn khch p dng
65
Be loc
than hoat tnh
Nc thai
sau x ly
DM01
DM02
DM03
Tiu ch v mt k thut
35
41
38
10
15
15
10
II
Tiu ch v mt kinh t
19
15
16
11
12
66
S
TT
DM01
DM02
DM03
13
III
Tiu ch v mt mi trng
11
13
14
15
16
17
Mc x l cht thi th cp
18
Mc ri ro i vi mi trng v gii
php phng nga, khc phc khi xy ra s
c k thut
IV
Tiu ch v mt x hi
10
19
Mc m hc v cm quan ca h thng
20
21
Tng s
73
73
77
67
Nng
u ra
Hiu qu x l
(%)
30
30
4,4
7,4
Pt-Co
492
67
86
COD
mgO2/L
192
91
53
BOD5
mgO2/L
76
46
40
mg/L
48
21
55
mg/L
0,02
KPH
mg/L
0,10
KPH
mg/L
0,20
0,08
60
Ch tiu
Nhit
pH
mu
SS
Cu
Cr
6+
Du khong
n v
o
68
MTK
MTK
Be trung gian
SCRT
Ngan tiep nhan
Be ieu hoa
PAC
Polymer, NaOCL
Nc thai au ra
Ho cha nc sau x ly
Be lang
MB
Be
tao bong
Be keo tu
Be lang
Polymer
Be tron bun
Ghi chu:
ng nc
n v x ly
ng bun
Bun a
tach nc
ng kh
May ep bun
69
ng hoa chat
MB
Be nen bun
MB
i ti
.
i 40o
60o
p cho qu trnh x
l sinh hc pha sau.
cm b x l sinh hc vi 5 b bn
hot tnh hiu kh l lng v 3 b bn hot tnh dnh bm. Nng
vi nng trong b c duy tr khong 2.000 mg MLVSS/L.
VSV k
c cung cp y oxy.
hot tnh vi vt li
liu l tm nh
(vt
u kin thun l
.
. Bn t b lng
c a sang b
cm x l sinh h
tch n
my p bn t
tip tc x l.
ha trn ha cht
keo t vi nc thi, sau ti b to bng polymer c thm vo tng
kch thc ca cc bng cn. Ha cht kh trng cng c chm vo b to
bng nhm mc ch loi b vi sinh vt gy b
t kh trng s dng l NaOCl.
Sau qu trnh t
. Ti b
lng, bng cn c tch khi nc thi di tc dng ca trng lc. N
p tc chy qua mng tip xc v cu
cha, nc t h cha c chy vo mng l
2 v cu
Vi
t B QCV
.
70
71
Kch thc
(DxRxH) (m)
Th tch
(m3)
SL
17 x 12 x 5
1.020
01
17 x 15 x 5
1.275
01
3x4x5
60
01
17
48 x 65 x 5
15.600
09
3.750
20 x 17 x 5
1.700
01
480
32 x 6 x 5
660
01
180
2 x 4,7 x 5
42
01
24
2 x 4,7 x 5
42
01
24
23 x 7 x 5
550
01
317
01
01
1,9 x 2,9 x 5
27
01
21 x 9 x3,5
600
01
346
6 x 4,7 x 5
141
01
9,7 x 4,7 x 5
228
01
7 x 5 x 3,5
123
01
Tlu (pht)
922
)
(b to
bng)
cha bn
72
SL
ti
Nm
sn xut
Xut x
B iu ha
Thit b
7,5
2006
15
2004
10
2003
0,25
2005
HK
37,5
2004
150
2008
2,5
2008
2008
1,5
2004
2004
0,13
2005
0,13
2005
2008
10
1,5
2004
12
2004
B sinh hc hiu kh
sinh hc
B keo t
B to bng
Cm ha cht
Shuneiko
B
X l bn
; Q=8-10 m3/h
73
Nng
u ra
Hiu qu
x l (%)
QCVN
13:2008
Ct B
41 - 43
31 - 36
40
7,7 - 8,5
6,8 - 7,1
5,5 9
Pt-Co
901 - 3.134
10 - 96
93 - 100
150
BOD5
mgO2/L
245 - 520
9 - 45
82 - 97
45
COD
mgO2/L
540 - 800
16 - 64
88 - 97
135
SS
mg/L
36 - 69
2 - 10
72 - 96
90
Du m
khong
mg/L
8,8 - 14,3
0,9 - 1,4
84 - 94
4,5
Cr6+
mg/L
0,264-0,364
0,004-0,072
73 - 99
0,09
Cr3+
mg/L
0,695 - 1,08
0,071-0,232
67 - 93
0,9
Cu
mg/L
0,094-0,103
0,041-0,05
52 - 70
1,8
MPN/
100mL
15.102 -7 5.103
5.000
Ch tiu
Nhit
pH
mu,
pH = 7
Coliform*
n v
o
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 3.9 Ha cht s dng cho h thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty DM 03
Loi
Ha cht
Cht tr keo t
Polimer
2-2,5
Al2(SO4)2.18 H2O
180-200
Ha cht
Cht ty mu
10-20
Ha cht
NaOCl
10-15
Cht keo t
74
Tn sut bo tr
Kim tra thit b c hot ng hay khng, khi
bm hot ng th phi kim tra c nc chy
hay khng, c ting ku l hay khng.
Kim tra cch ly ca v motor, m bo
khng b r in
Kim tra v o lu lng nc, ha cht xem c
cn iu chnh van hay khng.
Kim tra tng th
Kim tra tng th bo dng bm.
Hng ngy
My bm
nc thi v
bm
nh
lng ha
cht
Hng tun
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
Chi ph u t: 31.808.322.000 VN
Chi ph vn hnh thc t: 7.745 VN/m3 nc thi
3.5.2 H thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty dt may 02 (Cng ty DM 02),
cng sut 2.500 m3/ngym
A. Thng tin chung v nh my
Sn phm: nhum v
i nylon/nm
n v
C
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
o
BOD5
COD
SS
Nng
u vo
5-9
50
900
1.500
300
Hiu qu
x l(%)
95
91
70
QCVN 13:2008, Ct
B
5,5 - 9
40
45
135
90
75
MTK
Nc thai
Be keo tu
SCRT
May
Bon
nen kh tao ap
Hoa chat chnh pHPAC- Polymer
THB
Be keo tu
MTK
Be lang
MB
Be trung gian
Bon tao ap
May nen kh
Polymer
Ghi chu:
ng nc
Bun a tach nc
MB
May ep bun
Be cha bun
Nc tach bun
ve be ieu hoa
76
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
MB
2 mgO2
.
t c tiu chun hay quy chun x th
kt h
l phn cht hu c cn li v kh
Hp ph v
c s d
sinh hc cn li sau cc qu trnh x
l t QCVN 13:2008, c
.
u im v nhc im ca h thng x l nc thi
u im:
- Cng ngh x l nc thi thch hp vi loi hnh sn xut vi nguyn
liu polyester v nguyn liu hn hp (polyester v cotton);
77
Cng ty DM 02
.
Nhc im:
Bn cnh nhng u im v hiu qu x l, chi ph u t xy dng - lp t
thit b, trnh chuyn mn ca cn b vn hnh v mc s dng t, h
thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty DM 02vn c mt s nhc im sau:
- S liu phn tch ba ln ly mu ti h thng cho thy t c QCVN
13:2008, ct B th h thng x l nc thi khng cn u t b hp th
than hot tnh (cng on ny lm tng chi ph u t v vn hnh);
- Chi ph vn hnh cao (28.260 VN/m3 nc thi) do s dng nhiu ha
cht (trong qu trnh x l ha l, chim 75% tng chi ph vn hnh),
than hot tnh, v chi ph in nng (bm v my thi kh).
-
78
1
1
2
3
2
2
Th tch
(m3)
SL
Tlu (gi)
1500
9,8
45
1300
725
560
9,8
45
80
15
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
14
0,08
0,33
24-48
3
0,08
0,33
0,14
Tn thit b
SL
1
Thng s k thut
55o
< 350C,
Vt liu: FRP
Q = 28 m3
0- 14 pH, 1990mv
Q = 2HP, 180rpm
2
1
AHA-42
Q = 2HP, 180 rpm,
, PAC)
(polymer)
500
79
= 10 Kg f/cm2
VT
Tn thit b
Bm
SL
ci
ci
Bn cha
Bn ch
Thng s k thut
Q = 15HP
2
5
40 cm( ) x 120 cm
V= 4.500 ml
32-32
6,7-7,5
Hiu
qu x
l (%)
-
QCVN
13:2008
Ct B
40
5,5 9
771-1221
61-77
92-94
150
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
585-883
1.058-1.680
59-185
7-19
31-39
4-7
98-99
96-98
93-97
45
135
90
mg/L
5,4-36,8
0,2-0,4
96-99
4,5
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
MPN/
100mL
0,01-0,052
0,053-0,141
0,095-0,261
KPH-0,008
KPH-0,018
0,023-0,039
3x1029,1x103
85
87
76-85
0,09
0,9
1,8
5000
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
C
-
40-55
8,7-10,4
Pt-Co
n v
o
80
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 3.14 Ha cht s dng cho h thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty DM 02
Loi
Ha cht
Cht tr keo t
Polimer
Cht keo t
PAC
Ha cht
H2SO4
278,6
14.885,7
9.000
S lng cng nhn vn hnh: 04 nhn vin trnh trung cp v cao ng,
c o to v s dng, vn hnh h thng.
Tn sut bo tr
Hng ngy
Bm nh
lng ha
cht, bm
nc thi
My thi kh
Hng tun
o cch in ca bm.
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
Hng ngy
Hng tun
- Lm sch b lc u ht
- Lm sch cc b phn bn ngoi my thi kh
- Th van an ton bng tay xem xt n c b
kt hay khng.
Hng thng
Hng qu
- Thay du nht
- Kim tra ng h p lc.
- Kim tra v v sinh b phn gim thanh (tiu
m) u y.
Hng nm
- Thay dy coroa
- Thay van 1 chiu cao su u dy
81
Nng
u vo
Hiu qu
x l (%)
QCVN 13:2008
Ct B
9,5-10
5,5 9
BOD5
mgO2/L
1.100-1.200
95
45
COD
mgO2/L
1.200-1.400
92
135
mg/L
600-650
92
90
Ch tiu
pH
SS
82
NaOH/
H2SO4
Al2(SO4)3,
chat loai mau
Polymer
H3PO4
Ure
MTK
MTK
Nc thai
Be
Be ieu
chnh pH phan
ng
Be
keo tu
Be tuyen noi
SCRT
May
nen kh
Be ieu hoa
Bon
tao ap
MB
Be lang
NaOCL
Nc thai sau x ly
Polymer
Be tiep xuc
Be tron bun
Ghi chu:
NB01
ng nc
ng bun
Bun a tach nc
ng kh
May ep bun
THB
ng hoa chat
Be nen bun
83
Be trung gian
84
85
Th tch
(m3)
Tlu (pht)
Nm sn
xut
10 x 10 x 3
300
720
2008
B iu chnh pH
16
20
2008
B phn ng
16
20
2008
B keo t
16
20
2008
B tuyn ni
54
79
2008
B cha vng bt
2x3x3
18
2008
B sinh hc
9 x 10 x 5
450
1.140
2008
315
408
2008
2x3x3
18
26
2008
B tip xc
8,5
11
2008
B cha nc thi
sau x l
8,5
11
2008
B nn bn
83
2008
B trn bn
15
2008
Cng trnh n
v
B iu ho
B lng
B trung gian
86
87
n v
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
8,2-8,5
7,2-7,4
5,5-9
650-980
35-120
88-95
150
Pt-Co
BOD5
mgO2/L
439-661
32-45
90-95
45
COD
mgO2/L
534-887
55-67
88-94
135
mg/L
0,07
0,05
29
1,8
MPN/
100mL
8.100-9.200
180
5.000
Cu
Coliform*
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 3.19 Ha cht s dng cho h thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty DM 03
Ha cht
Polimer
900
PAC
30.000
Ha cht
H2SO4
7.500
Ha cht
NaOH
15.000
Loi
Cht tr keo t
Cht keo t
88
Tn sut bo tr
My bm
nc thi v
bm nh
lng ha
cht
Hng ngy
Hng tun
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
Hng ngy
Hng tun
- Lm sch b lc u ht ca my nn kh
- V sinh thit b v khu vc t thit b
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
My nn kh
My nn kh
89
B iu ha
Bn to p ca b DAF
B lng bn sinh hc
B lc p lc
Hnh 3.8 H thng x l nc thi dt may ca Cng ty DM 02, cng sut 2.500
m3/ngym
90
Chng 4
93
94
nh r
Cc hp cht c trong
giy c
Nghin
Si, cc cht bn ha
tan.
Phi ch
Xeo giy
Ct cun
96
n v
pH
Mu
Nhit
SS
COD
BOD
Ntng
Ptng
SO42-
Pt- Co
0
C
mg/L
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Nguyn liu t
g mm
Sn phm giy
carton
6,9
1.500
4.244
4.000
1.800
43,4
2,0
116
Sn phm giy
bao b
6,0 7,4
1.058 9.550
28 - 30
431 1.307
741 4.130
520 3.085
0,7 4,2
-
97
98
Tin x l
Nc thai
SCRT
Bun lang
Be
cha bun
Be lang s cap
PA 1:
Sang nghieng
thu hoi bot giay
Chat Polymer
keo tu
MTK
NT1
SCRT
Be ieu hoa
Be keo tu
Bun lang
Be lang
Be tao bong
Be cha bun
PA 2:
Sang nghieng
thu hoi bot giay
NT1
Chat
keo tu- Polymer
MB
SCRT
Be ieu hoa
Be keo tu
Be tuyen noi sieu nong
May
nen kh
Bon
tao ap
99
PA1:
Tai
s dung
Kh CH4
Bnh hap
thu kh
MTK
Nc thai
sau lang (NT3)
chat
chnh pH
dinh dng
NT2
PA 2:
Be trung gian
Be sinh hoc
k kh UASB/EGSB/IC
Chat
dinh dng+
chnh pH
THB
Bun lang
Be lang
MB
Be cha bun
MTK
Nc thai
sau lang (NT3)
NT2
THB
Be lang
MB
Bun lang
Be
cha bun
PA 1:
NaOH
Nc thai
sau x ly
NT2
Be trung gian
Bun lang
Be lang
Be
cha bun
100
Be ieu chnh pH
PA 2:
May ozone
NT3
MB
Be trung gian
PA 3:
Be loc ap lc
Polymer
Chat
keo tu+
chnh pH
NaOCL
NT3
Nc
thai sau x ly
Be
Bun lang
cha bun
Be trung gian
Nc thai
sau x ly
Be suc kh ozone
Be keo tu
Be lang
Be tao bong
Be tiep xuc
Hoa chat
NaOCL
Nc
thai sau x ly
Ghi chu:
ng nc
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
May
nen kh
Bon
tao ap
Hnh 4.3 Cng ngh x l nc thi giy v bt giy c khuyn khch p dng
101
Be tiep xuc
SXG&
BG 01
SXG&
BG 02
SXG&
BG 03
Tiu ch v mt k thut
42
34
44
14
10
14
Mc hin i, t ng ha ca cng
ngh
10
102
S
TT
SXG&
BG 01
SXG&
BG 02
SXG&
BG 03
II
Tiu ch v mt kinh t
19
19
20
11
12
13
III
Tiu ch v mt mi trng
13
13
14
14
15
16
17
Mc x l cht thi th cp
18
Mc ri ro i vi mi trng v gii
php phng nga, khc phc khi xy ra s
c k thut
IV
Tiu ch v mt x hi
10
19
Mc m hc v cm quan ca h thng
20
21
Tng s
82
76
87
103
Nng
u vo
Hiu qu
x l (%)
QCVN 12:2008;
Ct A
7,2
6-9
BOD5
mgO2/L
1.050
97
27
COD
mgO2/L
2.010
96
72
TSS
mg/L
2.200
98
45
Ch tiu
pH
104
Sang nghieng
(thu hoi bot giay)
NaOH
va PAC
Polymer
MTK
Nc thai
MB
SCRT
SCRT
Be phan ng
Be tao bong
Be lang 1
Ghi chu:
ng nc
ng bun
Lo hi
ng kh
Kh CH4
Bnh hap
thu kh
Be cha
bun hoa ly
MTK
ng hoa chat
Chat
dinh dng
MTK
MB
Be lang 2
VMFLOCK
Be phan phoi
Be ieu hoa
Be k kh IC
MTK
MB
MTK
MB
MB
Be kh mau
Be trung gian
Be lang 3
Be loc
ap lc
Be loc than
hoat tnh
MB
105
Be cha bun
sinh hoc
Be
nen bun
MB
Be cha
bun sau nen
MB
May ep bun
Bun a
tach nc
106
107
Kch thc
(DxRxH)/
(DxH) (m)
9,0 x 9,0 x 3,0
3,0 x 3,0 x 2,5
3,0 x 3,0 x 2,5
7,3 x 3,0
9,0 x 9,0 x 3,0
7,22 x 6,60 x 6,99
17 x 15,3 x 4,5
6,5 x 24
Th tch
(m3)
SL
Ngn tp trung
202
1
B phn ng
36
2
B b to bng
36
2
B lng I
209
2
Mng lng
202
1
Thp gii nhit
214
1
B iu ha
1.040
1
B k kh (IC)
729
1
B phn phi
16,4 x 5,5 x 5,65
464
1
nc
B bn hot tnh
27 x 10,6 x 5,65
4.421
3
hiu kh
B lng bn sinh
21 x 4,2
1.281
1
hc
B kh mu
27 x 10,8 x 4,5
2.333
2
B lng bn ha
21 x 4,2
1.281
1
cht
Ngn trung gian
4,8 x 4,0 x 2,65
34,4
1
Ngn phn phi
4,0 x 1,0 x 2,65
8,6
1
nc
Bn lc ct
2,0 x 4,0
22
2
Bn lc than
2,0 x 4,0
22
2
Tng thi gian x l ca ton qui trnh theo thit k: 43gi
Tng thi gian x l ca ton qui trnh theo thc t: 94 gi
Tng din tch s dng: 2.882m2
3,5
15,16
33,2
4,39
9,6
8,00
17,5
4,39
9,6
0,12
0,26
0,03
0,06
0,08
0,08
0,16
0,16
Ghi ch: Tt c cc cng trnh n v u c xy dng bng b tng ct thp tr thp gii
nhit, b k kh, bn lc ct v bn lc than c cu to bng thp.
108
109
SL
Xut x
L
01
01
Ci
01
Ci
02
Ci
Nht
02
Ci
Ci
02
Ci
02
Ci
02
02
Cc thit b
B iu ha
SL
Xut x
01
Ci
02
Ci
01
01
Ci
01
Ci
03
Ci
Loi: bm mng
Model: LK A57VH-04
Q = 6,0 -7,0 l/pht; H = 0,7m
ng c:Model: IK
V = 1400 vng/pht
02
Nht
Thng s k thut
Loi: ly tm trc ngang
Bm ln sng
nghing
My thi kh
a phn phi kh
Bm b k kh
Bm mi nc
Loi: trc ng
u bm: Model: CSV
Q = 3 m3/pht; H = 10m
ng c: Model: BBFC-DW
u thi kh:
Loi: Root; Model: LT 150
Q = 20m3/pht; H = 0,45
kg/cm2
ng c:Model: FBFCW;
Nm sn xut 2005
Loi: bt kh th
Bm s1
Loi: ly tm trc ngang
u bm ri;
Nm sn xut: 2005
Q = 3 m3/pht, H = 8 m
Bm s2
Loi: ly tm trc ngang
u bm ri;
Model: S3-125-400DD
Q = 81,9 m3/h; H = 31,5 m
ng c:Model: F3FC;
Nm sn xut: 2005
Loi: ly tm trc ngang
u bm ri;
Nm sn xut: 2006;
Model: MXA50/160
Q = 0,3 m3/pht; H = 10m
03
B sinh hc k kh
Qut ht kh
B phn phi
Bm nh lng
cht dinh dng
(Ur)
110
SL
Xut x
Bm chuyn lu
03
Ci
My thi kh
u thi kh:
Loi: Root; Model: LT 200
Q = 25m3/pht; H = 0,45 kg/cm2
ng c: Model: FBFC W;
Nm sn xut 2005
03
Ci
Bm bn tun
hon
02
Ci
Motor gt bn
gt vng
Model: AEUL
Motor: tc v = 1705rpm
Hp gim tc;
Model: WX-CDS60;
v vng = 4 vng/pht
01
Ci
nh lng VM
FLOCK
Loi: bm mng
Model: AEUL PAWB2
Q = 49 L/h; H = 10bar
01
Ci
My thi kh
u thi kh:
Loi: Root; Model: LT 150
Q = 20 m3/pht; H = 0,45
kg/cm2
ng c: Model: FBFC W
Nm sn xut 2005
02
Ci
Bm bn tun
hon
03
Ci
My gt bn gt
vng
Model: AEUL
Motor: tc 1705 rpm
01
Hp gim tc: Model: WX-CDS60
Vvng = 1/0,12
Ci
Cc thit b
Thng s k thut
B bn hot tnh hiu kh
B lng bn s II
B kh mu
B lng s III
111
Cc thit b
B nn bn
Thng s k thut
Bm s1
Loi: ly tm trc ngang
u bm ri;
Nm sn xut: 2005
Q = 90 m3/h;H = 20 m
Bm bn
Bm s2:
Model: S3 125 350 CD
Loi: ly tm trc ngang
u bm ri,
Nm sn xut: 2005
Q = 180 m3/h; H = 30 m
SL
Xut x
Ci
01
01
B cha bn
My thi kh
01
Ci
Bm bn vo my
p bn
03
Ci
Qut ht chn
khng
01
Ci
Bm ra bng ti
p bn
ng c:Model: EFFC;
Nm sn xut: 2005
02
Ci
Bm nh lng
Polymer
u bm:
Loi: bm mng
Model: AHA42-PCT-FN
Q = 4,6/5,6 L/pht; H = 5
kg/cm2
ng c: Model: AEUL-AWB2
v = 1405 vng/pht
03
Ci
Model: MPD-1000
Q = 1000 L/h; H = 1,5 kg/cm2
Nm sn xut: 02/2011
01
Ci
My p bn
112
n v
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
Hiu qu
x l (%)
pH
Pt - Co
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
6,4-7,5
192-1050
3.807-6.220
2.290-3.660
1.320-4790
5,7-15,0
1,21-1,33
0,6-1,2
4,5-14,5
6,2-7,8
29-88
36-40
13-15
KPH-8
2,8-5
KPH
3,4-10,2
KPH-0,1
70-92
99
99-100
100
51-67
-
COD
BOD5
SS
SO42S2Ntng
Ptng
QCVN
12:2008
Ct A
6-9
45
72
27
45
-
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 4.7 Ha cht s dng cho h thng x l nc thi Cng ty SXG&BG 01
Loi
Cht tr keo t
Cht keo t
Ha cht
Ha cht
Polimer
PAC
Ur
Cht kh mu
NaHPO4
NaOH 32%
113
Tn sut bo tr
u ht ca
bm thit b
Hng ngy
My p bn
bng ti
Hai qu
Hng tun
Hng thng
Hng nm
Hng thng
- V sinh vi nc sch
- Loi b cc mng bm t bit trn cnh bm
- Co b hon ton r st v sn Epoxy nu cn
thit
- Kim tra xem bm c b h hng hay khng
- Kim tra v sit cht cc bu-lng, ai c
Kim tra du nhn nu b vn c th thay du.
- Kim tra mc du hp s. Chm thm du nu
mc du nm di vch gia ca ci o du.
- Kim tra ting n ca my c khc thng
khng.
- Kim tra rung ca my c khc thng
khng.
- Kim tra cc dy curoa. Cn chnh li nu dy
curoa b trng.
- Kim tra dy curoa c b t khng? Thay mi
nu dy curoa b t.
- Bm thm du m cho cc vng bi (bc n)
- Thay du hp s
- V sinh bu lc gi
Kim tra motor v hp s c b r st hay khng.
Co b hon ton r st v sn li bng sn epoxy
Kim tra v sit chc cc bu-lng, ai c
Thay u hp s
- Kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca bm, lau chi
hon ton bi bn bm trn bm
- Kim tra mc du hp s, chm thm du nu
mc du nm di vch gia ca ci o du.
Thay du
- Kim tra ting n ca my c khc thng
khng.
- Kim tra rung ca bm c khc thng
khng.
- Quan st kim tra b r r khng.
Thay du ca thy lc v du ca lc
V sinh bng ti
Bm thm du m cho cc vng bi
Thay du
Bm thm du m cho cc vng bi
Hng nm
Thay du hp s
Hng ngy
Hng nm
Hng ngy
Bm chm
v bm trc
ngang
Hng thng
Hng nm
Hng ngy
My thi kh
Hng thng
My gt bn
my khuy
Hng ngy
Hng thng
Hng nm
Bm nh
lng
Hng ngy
Bm nh
lng
Hng nm
My khuy
v motor
khuy
Thit b p
rc
Thit b d
mc nc
114
Nng
u vo
Hiu qu
x l (%)
QCVN 12:2008,
Ct B
6-9
5,5-9
BOD5
mgO2/L
2.500
98
50
COD
mgO2/L
3.200
94
200
TSS
mg/L
1.500
93
100
Ch tiu
pH
115
Phen nhom
va Polymer
Sang nghieng
(thu hoi bot giay)
Nc thai
MB
MB
Be keo tu
SCRT
Ngan tap trung
nc va lang
Tai
s dung
Kh CH4
May
nen kh
Bnh hap
thu kh
Bon
tao ap
Hoa chat
Chat dinh
NaOH
dng (Ure)
MTK
Nc thai
sau x ly
Be loc ap lc
MB
THB
Be trung gian
Be lang
MB
MB
THB
Be sinh hoc
hieu kh (BHTLL)
MB
Ghi chu:
ng nc
Be tron bun
Polymer
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
Bun a tach nc
MB
May ep bun
116
Nc tach bun
ve be ieu hoa
117
Kch thc
(DxRxH) hay
(RxH) (m)
Tlu (gi)
Th tch
(m3)
SL
234
Thit k
Thc t
7,5
16,1
B tp trung
1,35 x 56 x 3,4
Sng nghing
(tch s si)
2,9 x 2,9
B cha nc sau
tuyn ni
43
1,4
2,9
B tuyn ni siu
nng
H = 0,56m;
D = 5,54
11
0,4
0,8
B cha nc
45
1,4
3,1
B k kh ba ngn
337
10,8
23,1
B bn hot tnh
hiu kh
4x6x6
137
4,4
9,4
B lng
H=3,3 m ; D = 5m
59
1,9
4,0
B trung gian
2 x 2 x2
0,2
0,5
Bn lc p lc
H=2,5 m ; D = 1m
13
0,4
0,9
B b cha bn
41
1,3
2,8
119
Q = 20 m3/h, H = 25-30m
sch
Bm tun hon
VNnc vo b tuyn
Ci
01
Q = 220 m3/h, H = 25m
Hungary
ni
My nn kh
Ci
01
L
Q = 100 m3/h, H = 20m
Motor truyn
ng trn b tuyn
Ci
01
Nht
V = 20 vng/pht
ni
Motor gt vng
Ci
01
Nht
V = 20 vng/pht
Bm nh lng
USA/
Loi bm mng
01
phn nhm
Ci
Nht
Q = 10 lt/pht
Bm nh lng
USA/
Loi bm mng
Ci
01
polymer
Nht
Q = 18,6 lt/pht
B cha nc sau tuyn ni
Bm tun hon
Model: WS125 - 350
nc v sinh my
Ci
01
Nht
Bm trc ngang
xeo
Q = 160 m3/h, H = 25-30 m
Bm nc vo b
Bm trc ngang
Ci
01
Nht
tuyn ni
Q = 210 m3/h, H = 25-30 m.
Bm nc vo b
Bm trc ngang: Q = 210
Ci
01
Nht
cha bn
m3/h, H = 25-30 m.
B k kh ba ngn
Bm nc vo b
VNCi
01
Q = 60m3/h, H = 20m
k kh ba ngn
Hungary
120
Thit b
SL
Xut x
Motor khuy
trong b k kh ba
ngn
Ci
03
Nht
Ci
02
Nht
Qut ht
Ci
03
Nht
Bm tun hon
bn t ngn
Ci
01
th ba
Bm nh lng
Ci
01
cht dinh dng
Bm nh lng
Ci
01
NaOH
B bn hot tnh hiu kh l lng
VNHungary
USA/
Nht
USA/
Nht
Thng s k thut
Model: S.F.
V = 40 vng/pht
Model: S.F
V = 40 vng/pht
Model: SB150HT-R313
V = 1400 vng/pht
Model: 3K112M4
Q = 60 m3/h, H = 20 m
Loi bm mng
Q = 10 lt/pht
Loi bm mng
Q = 10 lt/pht
Model: 3K132M4
Q = 300 m3/h, H = 5 m
270 mm
Q = 12 m3/h
My thi kh
Ci
02
a phn phi kh
30
Bm nc cp
vo b bn hot
tnh hiu kh
Ci
01
Q = 60 m3/h, H = 20 m
Bm nh lng
Ci
01
USA/
Nht
Bm bn d
Ci
Bm nc vo
bn lc p lc
Ci
My p bn
Ci
01
VN
Bm bn
Ci
01
VNHungary
Bm p
Ci
01
Italia
Loi bm mng
Q = 10 lt/pht
Model: DWO400
Q = 60 m3/h, H = 20 m
Model: XST32-160/30
Q = 60 m3/h, H = 20 m
Dng bng ti
Q=3-4 m3/h
Bm trc ngang
Q=20 m3/h, H = 12 m
Bm trc ngang
Q = 20 m3/h, H =25m
Ci
01
VNHungary
Ci
01
VNHungary
CS: 10HP/380V/50Hz
Ci
01
Nht
V = 120 vng/pht
Ci
01
Nht
V = 40 vng/pht
Ci
01
Nht
Loi: Bm mng
Q = 10 lt/pht
Ci
01
VNHungary
V = 30 vng/pht
Motor bm nc
ra bng ti my
p bn
Motor khuy hn
hp bn - polymer
Motor khuy b
pha Polymer
Motor khuy b
to bng
Bm nh lng
Polymer
Motor khuy c
c bn trong b
cha bn
Nht
02
03
121
n v
Nng
u vo
Nng
u ra
Hiu qu
x l (%)
pH
Pt - Co
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
6,2-6,6
231-441
4.530-5.736
2.220-2.940
2.240-3.100
96-143
1,8-2,2
4,3-22
0,5-8,9
7,2-7,9
3-77
30-32
10-13
15-28
2-7
KPH
3,2-5,7
1,2-1,7
67-99
99
100
99-100
93-98
-
COD
BOD5
SS
SO42S2Ntng
Ptng
QCVN
12:2008
Ct B1
5,5-9
100
200
50
-
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Lng ha cht s dng
Bng 4.12 Ha cht s dng cho h thng x l nc thi Cng ty SXG&BG 02
Loi
Cht tr keo t
Cht keo t
Cht dinh dng
Ha cht
Polimer
Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O
(NH2)2CO
122
Tn sut bo tr
Hng ngy
Hng tun
Hng thng
Hng qu
Hng nm
Hng ngy
- Kim tra mc du
- Kim tra my khi c ting ku hay rung ng l
Hng tun
- Lm sch b lc u ht v cc b phn bn
ngoi my thi kh.
- Th van an ton bng tay
Hng thng
Hng qu
- Thay du nht.
- Kim tra ng h p lc.
- Kim tra v v sinh b phn gim thanh (tiu m)
u y.
Hng nm
- Thay dy coroa.
- Thay van 1 chiu cao su u y.
My bm
My thi
kh
123
Nng
u vo
Hiu qu
x l(%)
QCVN 12:2008
Ct B1
9-11
5,5-9
NTU
100-1.000
mu
Pt-Co
195-350
BOD5
mgO2/l
800-1.000
95
50
COD
mgO2/l
1.600-2.000
90
200
TSS
mg/l
1.800-2.000
95
100
Ch tiu
pH
124
Polimer
NaOH
Phn
nhm
SCRM
Tai
s dung
MTK
Nc thai
SCRT
Be keo tu
tao bong 1
Be trung gian
Be lang1
Be ieu hoa
Polimer
MTK
Phn
nhm
NaOH
Nc thai
sau x ly
Be cha nc
sau x ly
THB
Be loc cat
Be keo tu
tao bong 2
Be lang 2
Polymer
Ghi chu:
Be tron bun
ng nc
ng bun
ng kh
ng hoa chat
Bun a tach nc
MB
May ep bun
125
Be nen bun
Nhc im:
- Vi BOD5 ca nc thi dao ng t 530-560 mgO2/L, vic s dng qu
trnh keo t/to bng trc qu trnh sinh hc s lm gim ngun cht
hu c c kh nng phn hu sinh hc (l c cht i vi cng trnh sinh
hc) v tng gi thnh x l do tiu th ho cht cho qu trnh keo t/to
bng.
- Hiu qu x l ca cng on keo t v to bng thp do thi gian phn
ng v to bng cha ti u, c bit l qu trnh keo t/to bng bc hai.
- Thi gian lu nc ca b lng bn sinh hc (5,1 gi) l qu di. Thi
gian lu nc di c th gy ni bn trong b lng do phn hu bn trong
iu kin k kh v lm tng chi ph u t.
- H thng x l ho l bc hai khng c b lng nn b lc s phi c
ra thng xuyn dn n tng chi ph x l v nhn cng.
- H thng c u t vi chi ph u t cao vi sut u t l 9,09 triu
VN/m3 nc thi.
- Chi ph vn hnh h thng kh cao vi 14.200 VN/m3 nc thi, trong
ch yu l chi ph ho cht.
- H thng khng c b tip xc (kh trng) nn dn n ch tiu coliform
khng t QCVN 24:2009, Ct B.
Gii php nng cao hiu qu cng trnh x l nc thi ca Cng ty
SXG&BG 03
- Qu trnh lng (trng lc) hay tuyn ni c th thay th cho qu trnh keo
t/to bng gim chi ph ho cht v gi c nng cc cht hu c
c kh nng phn hy sinh hc i vi cng on sinh hc pha sau.
- Xy dng thm b lng sau cm x l ha l gim tn sut ra lc ca
b lc p lc, gy tn in v nc ra lc.
- B lng bn sinh hc vi thi gian lu nc t 5,1 gi gim cn 2-3 gi
trnh hin tng phn hu k kh gy pht sinh mi v bn ni.
- Xy dng thm b kh trng x l trit vi sinh gy bnh trong nc
thi trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
127
Kch thc
(m)
1,6 x 21,6 x 2,5/
1,6 x 10 x 2,5
20 x 21,6 x 6,5
4 x 4 x 3,5
20; H = 3,5 m
Th tch
(m3)
SL
34,5/16
02
1.442
48
1.000
01
01
01
5,2
10,4
216
8 x 8,1x 6,5
259
01
60
3,970 x 6,1x 1
11x 11x5
16 m; H = 3,5 m
1,8 x 1,8 x 2,44
2,650 m;
H = 6,610 m
3,4 x 6 x 3
48 x 5 x 3
10 m; H = 3,5 m
0,8 x 0,8 x 1,1
19,4
1630
643
6,6
01
01
01
01
9,4
774
306
3,2
1.000
01
50
50
250
0,5
01
01
01
01
24
29
8,5
-
Tlu
(pht)
128
n v
pH
Pt - Co
mgO2/L
mgO2/L
mg/L
COD
BOD5
SS
Nng
u vo
6,5 -6,8
720-780
3020-3210
530-560
925-950
Nng
u ra
6,3-7
60-80
125-150
29-35
80-90
Hiu qu
x l (%)
78-79
84-85
83-87
87-89
QCVN 12:2008
Ct B1
5,5-9
100
200
50
100
E. Ch vn hnh v bo tr
Bm cc loi
Hng thng
Hng nm
- V sinh vi nc sch
- Loi b cc mng bm t bit trn cnh bm
- Co b hon ton r st v sn Epoxy nu cn
thit
- Kim tra xem bm c b h hng hay khng
- Kim tra v sit cht cc bu-lon, ai c
Kim tra du nhn nu b vn c th thay du.
Ha cht
Al2(SO4)3.18H2O
129
My tch rc
B keo t/ to bng
B k kh IC
B lc ct v than
Mng lng bt
B lng
Sn nghing
B sinh hc hiu kh
B lng bn sinh hc
Ngn tp trung
My p bn
130
131
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
132
Ph lc
Ph lc 1. Mu H s thuyt minh cng ngh
1. Gii thiu
-
Tn cng ngh:
Ngun gc cng ngh (trong nc hoc nc ngoi):
T chc/c nhn chuyn giao cng ngh:
a ch:
in thoi, fax, e-mail:
Thuc d n u t:
Ni trin khai cng ngh:
2. Tm tt cng ngh
3. Nguyn l cng ngh
4. M t, thuyt minh cng ngh
4.1. Quy trnh cng ngh (theo s khi)
4.2. Chc nng ca mi cng on cng ngh
4.3. Nhng thit b chnh
TT
Tn thit b
n v
tnh
S
lng
1
2
5. Tnh ton thit k
5.1. Tiu chun thit k
5.2. Tnh ton thit k
6. Cn bng vt cht
7. Quy trnh vn hnh
8. Bn v
8.1. S mt bng
8.2. Cc bn v chi tit
9. Cc chi ph ca cng ngh
9.1. Gi xy lp v thit b
9.2. Chi ph vn hnh
9.3. Chi ph bo dng
133
Cng
sut
Nc
sn xut
Nm
sn xut
134
Hng mc
Thng s
Phng php/thit b
Tn sut
1
2
c) Mc an ton lao ng v mi trng.
d) Tnh thun tin khi khi ng, ng v duy tr hot ng n nh h
thng.
c) Tnh thun tin trong kim sot, vn hnh v bo dng.
d) K nng cn thit ca nhn vin vn hnh.
) Tnh trng h thng thit b, vt liu sau mt thi gian vn hnh nht nh.
e) Hin trng h thng vn hnh trong iu kin: Khong hm lng/nng
, lu lng u vo; Thnh phn v khong hm lng/nng cc cht
nhim chnh.
f) S dng cc nguyn liu, ho cht, in...
g) Cc iu kin khc nh hng n hiu qu x l.
135
Ph lc 3. Bo co kt qu nh gi hin trng
1. Phn m u
1.1. Cn c, mc ch v yu cu nh gi.
1.2. T chc, c nhn ch tr, phi hp tham gia thc hin.
1.3. Tm tt v c s p dng cng ngh
1.4. Tm tt v cng ngh x l cht thi
2. Phng php v thit b phc v nh gi
2.1. Cc phng php thc hin
2.2. Cc thit b chnh s dng
3. Ni dung v kt qu nh gi
3.1. K hoch thc hin
3.1. Kt qu nh gi theo cc ni dung c ph duyt
4. Nhn xt v kt qu nh gi
5. Kt lun v kin ngh
Cc ph lc
136