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1
Gio sinh: ng Minh Nht
Lp dy: 10A12
Tit th: Tn chng: PHNG PHP TA TRONG
MT PHNG
Tn bi: GC KHONG CCH
I. Mc tiu bi hc:
1.Kin thc:
Gip HS bit c:
Gc gia 2 ng thng.
Khong cch t mt im n 1 ng thng.
2. K nng:
Tnh gc gia 2 ng thng.
Tnh khong cch t mt im n 1 ng thng.
3. T duy- Thi :
Quy l v quen,cn thn chnh xc, bit ng dng ca ton hc.
II. Chun b ca gio vin v hc sinh:
1.Chun b ca gio vin:
dng dy hc, gio n.
2.Chun b ca hc sinh:
dng hc tp, SGK, bi dy trc.
III. Gi v phng php dy hc:
S dng phng php dy hc c bn gip HS pht hin chim lnh kin thc
nh: gi m, vn p, pht hin v gii quyt vn .
IV. Tin trnh ln lp:
1.n nh t chc:
2.Tin trnh bi ging:
Hot ng ca gio vin v hc
sinh
Ni dung ghi bng
HOT NG 1: kim tra bi c
GV t cu hi: Trong mp to
cho hai t c phng trnh:
1
A : a
1
x + b
1
y + c
1
= 0
2
A : a
2
x + b
2
y + c
2
= 0
Khi gii h phng trnh
1 1 1
2 2 2
a x +b y +c = 0
(I)
a x +b y +c = 0
+H (I) c 1 nghim
)
,c v s nghim, v nghim
th c
kt lun g v v tr tng i ca 2
ng thng trn.
(HS tr li:
Cho d: 3x-2y+1=0. Hy xt vtt ca d vi cc
t sau:
d
1
: -3x +2y - 3=0
d
2
: y=-2x
Gii:
+ Xt d v d
1
, ta c hpt sau:
{
hpt v nghim v
3 2 1
3 2 3
= =
Vy d // d
1
+ Xt d v d
2
, ta c hpt sau:
Gio n Hnh Hc 10 2011
2
+
H (I) c 1 nghim
)
1
A ct
2
A ti
)
+H (I) c v s nghim
1 2
A A
.
+ H (I) c v nghim
1 2
/ / A A .)
GV vit bi yu cu 1 HS ln
bng lm.
GV nhn xt , nh gi cho im.
{
{
hpt c 1 nghim (-1/7; 2/7)
Vy d ct d
1
ti (-1/7; 2/7)
HOT NG 2: Bi mi:
GV v 2 ng thng
1 2
; A A ct
nhau t cu hi: nu ch xt cc
gc b hn 180
o
th
1 2
; A A ct nhau
to thnh my gc?
(HS tr li 4 gc)
GV nh du 2 gc nhn v nu
khi nim gc gia 2 ng thng .
GV nu: v ta ch ly gc nhn nn
ta c tnh cht th nht.
GV xt cc trng hp khi gc gia
2 ng thng l 0
o
v 180
o
.
GV nhc li gc gia 2 vecto. Tnh
cht
1 2
0 ( , ) 180
o o
n n s s
GV yu cu HS nhc li cch tnh
gc gia 2 vecto.
(HS tr li:
1 2
1 2
1 2
.
os( , )
.
n n
c n n
n n
= .)
GV gii thch do
0 0
1 2
0 ( ; ) 90 s A A s
1 2
os( ; ) 0 c A A > nn ta cn du gi
tr tuyt i. c ta ca
1 2
, n n nn
ta th vo v c cng thc tnh
gc gia 2 ng thng
1
A ,
2
A
.GV: hng dn gii . ch sao khi
tnh ( )
1 2
cos ; A A suy ra ( )
1 2
; A A =?.
GV nu thm cc trng hp c
bit. v lien h vi h s gc lp 9.
2. Gc gia hai ng thng:
a/ Khi nim:
Gc c s o nh nht to bi hai ng thng
Gi l gc gia 2 ng thng.
K hiu:
1 2
( ; ) A A
*.Tnh cht:
+/.
0 0
1 2
0 ( ; ) 90 s A A s
+/.
1 2 0
1 2
1 2
//
( ; ) 0
A A
A A =
A A
+/.
0
1 2 1 2
( ; ) 90 A A = A A
b) cng thc xc nh gc
1 2
( ; ) A A :
cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh:
1
A : a
1
x + b
1
y + c
1
= 0 c vtpt
)
2
A : a
2
x + b
2
y + c
2
= 0 c vtpt
)
( )
1 2
; A A bng hoc b vi gc gia 2 vecto
.
Ta c: ( )
1 2
cos ; A A =
1 2
1 2
1 2
.
os( , )
.
n n
c n n
n n
=
Khi gc gia 2 ng thng
1
A ,
2
A tnh
bi cng thc sau:
Gio n Hnh Hc 10 2011
3
GV hng dn v d:
mun tnh gc gia 2 ng thng
th u tin cn tm ci g?
(HS tr li: vtpt ca 2 t)
Sau p dng cng thc hc l
tm c p s.
T ptts ta suy ra c vtcp t suy
ra vtpt.
GV: nu cng thc tnh khong
cch. Ch trng hp im thuc
ng thng.
GV: hng dn gii.
( )
1 2 1 2
1 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a a b b
cos ;
a b a b
+
A A =
+ +
Ch :
+
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
. 0 n n n n a a bb A A = + =
+ Nu
1 1 1
: y k x m A = + ,
2 2 2
: y k x m A = + th
1 2 1 2
. 1 k k A A =
V d: Tnh gc gia 2 ng thng sau:
1.
1
: 4 2 6 0 x y A + = v
2
: 3 1 0 x y A + = .
2.
1
: 8 10 12 0 x y A + = v
2
6 5
:
6 4
x t
y t
= +
A
=
.
Gii:
1.
1
A c vtpt
1
(4; 2) n
A
= .
2
A c vtpt
2
(1; 3) n
A
= .
Ta c:
( )
1 2
2 2 2 2
4.1 ( 2)( 3)
cos ;
4 ( 2) 1 ( 3)
+
A A =
+ +
=
.
( )
1 2
; 45
o
A A = .
2.
1
A c vtpt
1
(8;10) n
A
= .
2
A c vtcp
2
(5; 4) u
A
= nn c vtpt
2
(4;5) n
A
=
Ta c:
( )
1 2
2 2 2 2
8.4 10.5
cos ;
8 10 4 5
+
A A =
+ +
=1.
( )
1 2
; 0
o
A A = .
7. Cng thc tnh khong cch t mt im
n mt ng thng:
Trong mp Oxy cho ng thng A
:ax+by+c=0
V im
). Khong cch t im M
o
n ng thng A, k hiu: d(M
0
; A) c
tnh bi cng thc:
0
2 2
( ; )
+ +
A =
+
o o
ax by c
d M
a b
V d:1. Tnh khong cch t cc im M(-2;
1) v O(0; 0) n ng thng A: 3x-2y-1=0.
2. Tm im M thuc Ox v cch
Gio n Hnh Hc 10 2011
4
GV: lu ta ca im thuc cc
trc ta .
M Ox e nn ta M l ( ) ; 0
M
x
N Oy e nn ta M l ( ) 0;
N
x .
ng thng (d): 3x-4y-5=0 mt khong bng
5.
Gii:
1.
+( )
|()|
()
;
+ ( )
||
()
.
2.v M Ox e nn ta M l ( ) ; 0
M
x .
Ta c ( )
|
()
3. 5 1
3 5 1
3 5 1
2
4 / 3
M
M
M
M
M
x
x
x
x
x
=
=
Vy M (2; 0) hoc M(4/3; 0).
3.Cng c :
Khi nim gc gia hai ng thng v cch xc nh gc gia chng.
Cch tnh khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng.
Bi tp v nh: cc bi tp trong SGK v khong cch trong sch cng.
V. KINH NGHIM: