Bo co thc tp tt nghip H v tn: Nguyn Th Ngn Lp: in t 8_K49 ti: HSDPA cho h thng UMTS Ni dung cng Chng

ng 1: Gii thiu 1.1 Cng ngh WCDMA v tnh trng trin khai WCDMA(wideband code division multiple access) l chun lin lc 3G song hnh cng vi chun GSM. WCDMA l cng ngh nn tng cho cc cng ngh 3G khc nh l UMTS v FOMA.WCDMA c tp on EITS NTT Docomo Nht bn pht trin ring cho mng 3G FOMA. Sau NTT trnh c t ny ln lin hip truyn thng quc t ITU v xin cng nhn di danh ngha l mt thnh vin ca chun 3G c tn gi IMT2000. ITU chp nhn v cng nhn WCDMA l giao din nn tng cho UMTS. FOMA c NTT Docomo a vo ng dng t nm 2001 v c coi l dch v 3G thng mi u tin trn th gii.Mc d cng da vo nn tng WCDMA song FOMA li khng tng thch vi UMTS. Tnh hnh trin khai

1.2 Tin trnh trin khai cng ngh v tiu chun ha HSPA, HSDPA. HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access: Truy cp tc cao) l mt cng ngh truyn dn khng dy ang c ng dng cho cc thit b thng tin di ng. Hin HSPA c hn 130 mng ang hot ng trn ton cu v khong 50 mng ang c xy dng. HSPA hin ang h tr tc d liu 14.4 Mbps cho ng xung (HSDPA) v 1.4 Mbps cho ng ln (HSUPA). Cng ngh ny gip tng gp i dung lng mng v gim thi gian tr i vi cc dch v tng tc. Tnh trung bnh, ngi s dng c th download vi tc nhanh gp 20 ln so vi kt ni GPRS ang c cc nh khai thc ti Vit Nam cung cp hin nay. Trong tng lai gn, HSPA s c nng cp ln Release 8 vi tc 42 Mbps cho ng xung v 12 Mbps cho ng ln Gii thiu HSDPA HSDPA l mt phng thc truyn ti d liu theo phng thc mi. y

c coi l sn phm ca dng 3.5G. Cng ngh ny cho php d liu download v my in thoi c tc tng ng vi tc ng truyn ADSL, vt qua nhng cn tr c hu v tc kt ni ca mt chic in thoi thng thng. y l gii php mang tnh t ph v mt cng ngh v c pht trin trn c s ca h thng 3G WCDMA. HSDPA c tc truyn ti d liu ln ti a gp 5 ln so vi khi s dng cng ngh WCDMA. V mt l thuyt, HSDPA c th t tc truyn ti d liu ln ti 8-10 Mbps (Megabit/giy). Mc d c th truyn ti bt c dng d liu no, song mc tiu ch yu ca HSDPA l d liu dng video v nhc. HSDPA c pht trin da trn cng ngh W-CDMA, s dng cc phng php chuyn i v m ha d liu khc. N to ra mt knh truyn d liu bn trong W-CDMA c gi l HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel), hay cn gi l knh chia s ng xung tc cao. Knh truyn ti ny hot ng hon ton khc bit so vi cc knh thng thng v cho php thc hin download vi tc vt tri. V y l mt knh chuyn dng cho vic download. iu cng c ngha l d liu s c truyn trc tip t ngun n in thoi. Song qu trnh ngc li, tc l truyn d liu t in thoi n mt ngun tin th khng th thc hin c khi s dng cng ngh HSDPA. Cng ngh ny c th c chia s gia tt c cc user c s dng sng radio, sng cho hiu qu download nhanh nht. Ngoi HS-DSCH, cn c 3 knh truyn ti d liu khc cng c pht trin, gm c HSSCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel knh iu khin dng chung tc cao), HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel knh iu khin vt l dnh ring tc cao) v HS-PDSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel knh vt l chia s ng xung tc cao). Knh HS-SCCH thng bo cho ngi s dng v thng tin d liu s c gi vo cc cng HS- DSCH Trong nm 2007, mt s lng ln cc nh cung cp dch v di ng trn ton th gii bt u bn cc sn phm USB Modem c chc nng kt ni di ng bng thng rng. Ngoi ra, s lng cc trm thu pht HSDPA trn mt t cng tng nhanh p ng nhu cu thu pht d liu. c gii thiu l c tc ln ti 3.6 Mbit/giy, song y ch l con s c th t c trong iu kin l tng. Do vy, tc ng truyn s khng nhanh nh mong i, c bit l trong iu kin phng kn. Tnh hnh trin khai ca HSDPA Theo s liu ca Nghip on di ng ton cu (GSA) cng ngh 3,5G (HSDPA) chim n 69% trong tng s mng di ng. trn ton cu. Nu nh 2006, c 166 mng di ng h tr HSDPA ti 75 nc, th kt thc nm 2007, s nh mng s dng cng ngh ny l 204, 89 quc gia. Cc nh mng trang b cng ngh ny c phn b ti nhiu vng khc nhau trn th gii, Ty u (61 mng), tip l Nam (35), ng u (34), Trung ng v chu Phi (20), chu M v vng Caribbe (16).HSDPA ti nhiu vng c tc download ln ti 7,2 MB/giy, cn bnh thng cng t t 800 KB/giy n 3 MB/giy. Tuy nhin, tc gia cc mng cng khng u nhau. C ti 62% s mng c tc download cao nht l 3,6 MB/giy, trong khi ch c 21% s mng t 7,2 MB/giy. GSA cho rng, s pht trin ca mng 3,5G nh hng n cc dch v bng tn trn ton cu, nhiu nh mng ang thm HSPA (bao gm HSDPA v HSUPA). S lng cc nh mng s dng HSPA ch mi bt u trong nm va ri, v ln ti con s 26, ti 22 quc gia. 1.3 Gii php dung lng v tuyn vi HSPA

Cht lng ca mt h thng v tuyn c xc nh thng qua vic cc chng trnh ng dng c s dng thng qua mng v tuyn nh th no.Thut ng kha c th xc nh cht lng cc chng trnh ng dng bao gm tc d liu v thi gian tr mng. Cc chng trnh ng dng vn c th c n nhn vi tc bt chm vi vi chc kbps nhng yu cu tr phi thp, ging nh kiu VoIP v cc tr chi hnh ng thi gian thc. Mt khc, thi gian ti xung ca s lng ln cc file ch c xc nh bi tc d liu ln nht, v thi gian ch khng ng vai tr g. GPRS Re99 cung cp 30-40kbps vi thi gian ch l 600ms.EGPRS Re4 khng ch tng tc bt ln cao hn t 3-4 ln m cn gim thi gian ch xung cn 300ms.Tc d liu v thi gian ch cho php cho php cht lng cc chng trnh ng dng u n i vi cc chng trnh ng dng di ng c s bao gm duyt giao thc ng dng khng dy(WAP) v n ni (push to talk). WCDMA cho php tc d liu l 384kbps vi thi gian ch l t 100- 200ms,n cng lm cho vic truy nhp Internet gn nh nhanh nht n kt ni ng dy thu bao s v cung cp cht lng tt i vi cc chng trnh ng dng giao thc Internet tr thp. HSPA t n tc bt 1-2Mbps trong thc t v c th ln n 3 Mbps trong iu kin tt. HSPA cng lm cho thi gian ch mng gim xung di 100ms, v ngi s dng cui cng c th c thng thc cht lng chng trnh ging nh i vi cc kt ni ng dy DSL.Khng hoc ch c mt vi vic c yu cu a cc chng trnh ng dng trn mng ti mi trng di ng. Ch yu HSPA l truy nhp bng rng vi kh nng lin mch v bao ph rng ri. Gii php dung lng v tuyn t GPRS ti HSPA c minh ha trong hnh 1.9 HSPA hin ti ang c thit k to ra tc bt cao khng ch i vi cc ng dng thi gian thc.Kt qu tnh ton trn hnh v ch ra,tuy nhin, HSPA c th p ng dung lng hot ng cng nh l i vi cc chng trnh ng dng c thi gian tr v tc bt thp nh VoIP. 3GPP Re6 v 7 cng ci thin c hiu sut ca HSPA i vi VoIP v cc ng dng tng t khc.

Hiu sut tri ph cao v dung lng t bo cao c yu cu p ng tc bt cao hn v mt vi thit b mi vi cng nhng v tr trm gc hin ti. Hnh 1.10 minh ha cho dung lng t bo d tnh trn mt sector trn 5MHz vi WCDMA, vi HSPA c s v vi HSPA c ci tin trong mi trng v m t bo.HSPA c s bao gm c mt anten nhn Rake trong thit b u cui v 2 an ten nhnh a dng trong cc trm gc.HSPA ci tin th bao gm 2 anten iu chnh di dng v b kh nhiu trong trm gc.Kt qu m phng ch ra rng HSPA c th em li li ch v cht lng v dung lng. HSDPA c s c dung lng t bo cao gp 3 ln ca WCDMA v HSDPA ci tin th c dung lng t bo cao gp 6 ln WCDMA. Hiu sut tri ph ca HSDPA ci tin b gii hn l 1bit/s/Hz/cell.Mc ci thin dung lng ng ln ca HSDPA c d on l trong khong t 30% n 70%.Dung lng HSPA khng ch thch hp i vi cc dch v i xng m cn vi c dch v khng i xng vi tc d liu v dung lng ng xung cao. Chng 2. Khi qut v tiu chun ha HSPA 2.1 3GPP 3GPP l t chc chun ha cc cng ngh mng thng tin di ng t bo cho c HSDPA v HSUPA v t c kt qu rt tt nh i vi bn pht hnh cng ngh a truy cp phn chia theo m bng rng WCDMA. Hn th, 3GPP cn chu trch nhim cho vic chun ha gii php ton cu v tc d liu ci tin v h thng di ng cho h thng ton cu (GSM/EDGE).Nn ca 3GPP ngy nay khi m cng ngh WCDMA ang c chun ha theo vic la chn cng ngh k thut t cc khu vc khc nhau trong nm 1997.Theo , WCDMA c

la chn mt vi khu vc nh l c s cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3, v tr thnh nguyn l cng ngh cho hot ng mt vi khu vc ln cn. Do , n cui nm 1998, M, chu u, Hn Quc v Nht Bn la chn v to ra 3 GPP. Trung Quc sau cng la chn. Mc u tin t c l vo cui nm 1999 khi Re99 c cng b, bao hm c y cc c tnh k thut ca cc bn pht hnh WCDMA. Re4 pht hnh vo u nm 2001. Chu trnh ca cc phin bn thng ch l 1 nm vi vic cho php cc phin bn ln hn th c c ly tn s gim i. iu ny cng cho php c c s ch nhiu hn ti mc cn thit v ni dung bn pht hnh hn l s ra i cc phin bn d liu cn thit.

Phin bn5 ra i nm 2002 v phin bn 6 ra i nm 2004. c tnh k thut ca Re7 c chp nhn vo na cui nm 2006. 2.1.1 S chun ha HSDPA trong 3GPP Khi m bn pht hnh 99 ra i, HSDPA v HSUPA khng cn phi bn ci. Trong sut nm 2000, trong khi va hiu chnh vi Re99 th cng ng thi lm vic kt hp vi Re4, v d, TD-SCDMA, n tr ln hin nhin i vi s cn thit ci thin truy nhp gi. a ra mt gii php, mt nghin cu c tnh kh thi v HSDPA bt u vo thng 3 nm 2000.Cc cng ty nhn bt u cng vic vi HSDPA l Motorola v Nokia t bn cung ng, cn pha bn hot ng th c BT/Cellnet, T-Mobile v NTT DoCoMo. Vic nghin cu tnh kh thi c xc nh l cho TSG RAN vo thng 3 nm 2001 v cc kt lun c cng b ch ra nhng li ch r rt trong vic nghin cu gii php ny. Trong cc vn nghin cu HSDPA, c s tho lun v vic lm th no ci thin vic truyn dn d liu gi ng xung trong Re99. Vn a ra l vic truyn dn qua lp vt l v tin trnh c s BTS cng c nghin cu cp n l iu ch v m ha,k thut thu nhn v truyn dn nhiu nten, vn nhiu u vo nhiu u ra(MIMO) cng nh l vic la chn cell nhanh nht (FCS). Khi m Re5 c pht hnh 1 nm sau , vo thng 3 nm 2002, y r rng c s hiu chnh c th lm vi HSDPA, nhng chc nng chnh vn l nhng k thut ca lp vt l.Cng vic phn no b chm li v nhng hot ng hiu chnh cn thit din ra song song i vi thit b u cui Re99 v mng ang b chuyn ra. c bit l phng din giao thc, vic kim tra nhy cho thy s cn thit hiu chnh chi tit v lm sng t vn k thut v y l vn i vi nhng thit b i trc Re99 v s bt u ca cc t chc thng mi Chu u vo na cui nm 2002. T nhng vn lin quan n HSDPA, khi nim MIMO vn cha th thc hin c trong Re5 v th 6, m vn c em ra tho lun sau ny khi m y l u im c gii thiu cho s ra i ca Re7. 2.1.2 Tiu chun ha HSUPA trong 3GPP Mc d HSUPA l mt thut ng c s dng rng ri trn th trng, trong tiu chun ha 3 GPP cho HSUPA vn c thc hin di tn knh dnh ring ng ln ci tin(E-DCH).Cng vic bt u vi s hiu chnh pha i vi HSDPA, bt u vi vic nghin cu thut ng s ci tin ng ln cho knh truyn dn dnh ring vo thng 12 nm 2002. T nhng bn cung ng nh Motorola, Nokia, Ericsson l nhng cng ty tr ct bt u nghin cu trong 3 GPP. S u t v cng ngh trong vic nghin cu HSUPA c ch ra trong hnh sau

Sau khi nghin cu chi tit v gii thiu v bo co vn nghin cu cho thy nhng li ch r rng t s u t cng ngh. Bn bo co cng ch ra khng cn phi khuch i in p khi s dng bc iu ch cao hn trong kt ni ng ln trc tip, kt qu cng ch ra vic iu ch thch hp khng bao gm cc cng vic nh hin ti. Vn nghin cu kt thc vo thng 3 nm 2004, vi vic bt u ca 3GPP vi lp vt l HARQ v k thut da vo node B i vi ng ln cng nh l di TTI ng ln ngn hn. Do ,chi tit hnh thnh nhanh hn i vi DCH s c a ra bn cnh cng vic ca 3GPP, nhng vic tho lun vn c a ra di dng cc vn khc nhau trong Re6 ca 3GPP, da trn nhng pht hin trong sut thi k nghin cu. 3GPP bt u cng vic vi tiu Ci tin ng ln FDD nhn mnh cu trc HSUPA theo yu cu ca bo co nghin cu. Ni dung TDD vn cha c tin trin g vo thi im ny nhng n bt u c thc hin trong Re7. Vo thng 3 nm 2005, nhng cng vic hon thnh cho cc chc nng v k thut, cu trc s c chuyn i hiu chnh v bo dng. Trong sut nm 2005,vic tho lun m cng nh cc yu cu thc hin c xc nh. Qu trnh tiu chun ha 3GPP i vi HSUPA l mt v d c ch ra trong hnh 2.5. Bc cui cng

i vi HSUPA l hon thnh kh nng tng thch pha sau giao thc, vi vic cho php gii thiu thit b trn th trng.

2.1.3 y mnh s pht trin ca HSUPA v HSDPA. Trong khi HSUPA ang c thit lp th din ra s pht trin trong vic ci tin Re6 HSDPA cng nh mt vi khu vc, c th nh: Hiu qu ca nhng c tnh k thut i vi tnh nng u cui vi s a dng v b thu v nhng u im b thu s ch ra trong chng 11. Ci thin phm vi ng ln vi ti u ha tn hiu quay li ng ln, s ch ra trong chng 4. S ci tin trong khu vc di ng HSDPA bng tn hiu nhanh hn v thi gian x l ngn i, c m t chng 4. i vi Re7, mt cng vic c xc nh l kt ni lin tip i vi nhng ngi s dng gi d liu, vi vic gim bt bit trn u trong qu trnh phc v m yu cu l gi nguyn kt ni nhng khng cn thit tip ni dng d liu. Khi nim thut ng MIMO cng c a ra tho lun y trc vi nguyn l l khi c hai hoc nhiu anten cng pht vi cc phn cui khc nhau dng thng tin v sau li dng 2 hoc nhiu anten thu v u im ca qu trnh x l tn hiu trong thit b u cui c th chia s c dng con khc nhau vi nguyn l c m t trong hnh 2.6.

Th thch chnh l chng minh c y l nh hng ca vic gia tng khuch i vn cho php khi m to thnh ti khon bn thu thc hin c ci tin chy trn Re6 hay nhng kh nng khc ci tin dung lng c a vo bn pht v d nh vic i t cu hnh 3 thnh phn n cu hnh 6 thnh phn. Nhng kt qu khng nm trong d bo ca 3GPP khi mi trng macro-cell HSDPA v MIMO dng nh khng mang li bt k li ch no v mt dung lng qua b thu a dng v nhng u im ca n cc thit b u cui. Cc cng vic lin quan n hot ng ca HSDPA v HSUPA bao gm c chuyn mch knh(CS) v chuyn mch gi(PS), tr thc hin cuc gi-ang c gi mc thp hn v thi gian chuyn t trng thi ngh sang hot ng (Cell-DCH).Hu ht tt c cc bc trong vWCDMA vn c gi nguyn, bt chp l cuc gi cs hay ps. Vic ci tin s c ch i vi vic s dng HSDPA/HSUPA cng nh thit lp cuc gi thng thng. Cng vic ny s tp trung u tin vo vic lm th no ci thin s thit lp mt cuc gi thoi Re99 v s bt u cng nh phng php a vo i vi cc thit b tn ti. By gi phi tp trung vo iu chnh ln hn m khng lm vic c vi thit b tn ti, nhng li c tim nng cho vic ci thin bi v s thay i vi cc thit b u cui cng c th c thc hin. iu c ngha l vic ci tin y s din ra Re7 vi cc thit b tt c vn . 2.2 Tham kho

Chng 3: Cc giao thc v cu trc HSPA 3.1 H thng qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn. Chc nng qun l ti nguyn v tuyn vi HSDPA v HSUPA c rt ra t nhng chuyn i so vi Re99. Trong Re99 vic iu khin k hoch u da hon ton vo b iu khin mng v tuyn(RNC) trong khi trong trm c s hay node B trong cng ngh 3GPP y chnh l iu khin cng sut lin kt chc nng. Trong Re99 nu nh c n 2 RNC xung quanh mi ni th s c phn phi li. RNC cung cp_SRNC l ci ang c kt ni ti mng li kt ni kia c th iu khin s i vi knh dnh ring DCH v n cng c kt ni ti trm thu nhn c s BTS cng cho php iu khin knh chung(ging nh FACH). Khi s sp xp dch chuyn ti BTS, y c mt s thay i trn ton b kin trc ca RRM. SRNC vn s gi iu khin chuyn giao v y l mt im s thch ng vi vic nh x i vi tham s cht lng dch v(QoS). Vi HSDPA, vn ny rt n gin v y khng c chuyn giao mm i vi d liu HSDPA, do khng cn chy d liu ngi s dng qua nhiu hnh trnh Iub v giao din Iur v mc d HSDPA c truyn dn qua Iur trong quy trnh k thut, th vic s dng ca giao din Iur c th b ph hy bi vic thc hin nh v li SRNC, khi m vic cung cp cell knh chia s ng xung tc cao(HSDSCH) nm di mt iu khin khc RNC(CRNC). Vi Re99 iu ny khng b ph hy ti bin vng RNC khi chuyn giao mm c s dng gia hai trm c s di cc RNC khc nhau. Cui cng th din tin ca HSDPA c th c trnh by bi ch mt RNC n.

3.1.1 Kin trc giao thc phng ngi s dng HSDPA v HSUPA. Chc nng c s ca cc lp giao thc khc nhau c hiu lc vi HSDPA v HSUPA ging vi Re99. Kin trc c th c xc nh i vi tng phn phng ngi s dng thc hin d liu ngi s dng v iu khin phn phng. Lp RRC trong vic iu khin tng phn phng thc hin tt c cc tn hiu lin quan

n vic cu hnh cc knh, thit b qun l di ng,.. iu ny c n t u cui s dng v c ch ra thng qua kin trc giao thc trong hnh 3.3.

Giao thc chuyn i d liu gi (PDCP) c mt b nn tiu chc nng chnh v n khng thch hp i vi cc dch v chuyn mch. iu quan trng ca vic nn tiu l hiu khi no th tiu ca giao thc Internet khng c nn c th l 2 hay 3 ln kch thc ca chnh trng ti gi thoi ca n. Vic iu khin kt ni v tuyn(RLC) thc hin phn on v truyn dn li i vi c d liu ngi s dng v d liu iu khin. RLC c th hot ng trong ba ch khc nhau:
Ch trong sut, khi m khng c bit trn u c a vo lp RLC, v d nh m thanh AMR, v khng th dng c khi m cc knh truyn dn ca HSDPA v HSUPA c s dng. Ch khng bo nhn, khi khng c vic thc hin truyn dn li lp RLC. iu ny c s dng i vi cc yu cu m c th cho php vic mt mt vi gi, nh trng hp i vi VoIP, v khng th cho php s thay i tr theo mc truyn li RLC. Hot ng theo ch bo nhn, khi m vic phn phi d liu c thc hin c m bo vi vic nhng ln truyn li lp RLC vi u vo yu cu tt c cc gi u c phn phi.

Lp iu khin truy nhp trung bnh (MAC) trong Re99 tp trung vo nh x gia cc knh lgic v thc hin quyn u tin ging nh la chn ca tc d liu ang c s dng, v d nh vic la chn ca nh dng truyn dn ang c a vo. Chuyn mch knh truyn dn cng l mt chc nng ca lp MAC. C HSDPA v HSUPA u gii thiu nhng thnh phn mi trong kin trc. Cc chc nng lp MAC i vi HSDPA v HSUPA c th hot ng c lp trong hot ng ca DCH Re99, nhng li chim mt account khp c gii hn ti nguyn ca giao din. Hnh 3.4 mt t ton b kin trc giao din v tuyn i vi HSDPA v d liu ngi s dng HSUPA, lm r giao thc mi phn phi vi d liu ngi s dng. Tn hiu iu khin phng- xut hin trong hnh 3.4 c th kt ni n gin n RLC v c th mang d liu qua DCH hay qua HSDPA/HSUPA.

i vi d liu ngi s dng, PDCP thc hin nn tiu IP. y c mt vi PDCP v RLC y c ch ra trong hnh ch dn kh nng chy cc dch v song song. Chc nng sp xp trm BTS l mt chc nng lp MAC, v kt qu by gi y l mt giao thc mi y , MAC-hs(hs i vi tc cao) trong BTS. y l mt phn trong kin trc giao thc phng ngi s dng trong hnh 3.5,

n bao ph HSDPA, k thut a vo, v vic nh v ca n trong cc thnh phn ca mng. RNC gi li MAC-d(dnh ring) nhng ch chc nng gi li l chuyn mch knh truyn dn nh cc chc nng khc v d nh vic sp xp v thc hin u tin, c dch chuyn ti MAC-hs. Ch rng lp trn ca lp MAC c tn l lp RLC vn gi khng i, nhng c mt vi ti u ha i vi cc dch v RT nh l VoIP c gii thiu trong ch bo khng nhn(UM) trong Re99

Nh cp trong phn gii thiu, ngoi tr nu nh HSDPA gii thiu truyn dn li lp vt l, th lp RLC vn thc hin truyn li c th hot ng lp vt l b li hoc c bit th trong kt ni vi cc hot ng di ng khc ging nh chuyn i cell HSDSCH phc v. iu ny ang gi thit ch

bo nhn RLC hot ng. Trong trng hp ca UM-RLC, vic truyn dn li lp vt l ch c mt kh nng duy nht. Mt v d c th l cuc gi VoIP khi m truyn li lp RLC t RNC c th qu chm.