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I Phng php tip cn thu nhp chi tiu 1 Cc thnh phn trong tng chi tiu 2 S khc nhau gia u t theo k hoch v u t thc hin 3 Cn bng v m ngn hn da trn m hnh tng chi tiu 4 Cc yu t tc ng n ng tng chi tiu
P*
SRAS
Tng chi tiu d kin phn nh mc chi tiu d kin ti mi mc thu nhp vi gi nh mc gi cho trc
+ UI > 0 khi tng chi tiu nh hn tng thu nhp + UI < 0 khi tng chi tiu ln hn tng thu nhp
>1
....
Thu nhp ca nn kinh t tng ln Y = 1000 + 1000*0.9+ 1000*0.92 + ...... + 1000*0.9n = 1000* (1+ 0.9+ 0.92 + .... + 0.9n) = 1000* 1/(1-0.9) = 10000 (gi nh, ngi dn chi tiu 90% thu nhp ca mnh)
C C MPC*Yd
MPC
C APC Yd
APC + APS = 1
S APS Yd
+ Hm tiu dng trong nn kinh t c chnh ph (Yd = Y T) Thu ph thuc vo thu nhp T = t*Y
C C MPC*Y
C C MPC * (1 t ) * Y
Thu khng ph thuc vo thu nhp T T
C C MPC * (Y T )
XX
C I Y 1 MPC
MPS
m = 1/(1 MPC)
m = -MPC/(1 MPC)
+) nn kinh t m
Y 1 MPC * (C I G X ) *T 1 MPC (1 t ) MPM 1 MPC (1 t ) MPM
Bi tp
1) Nn kinh t ng c s tham gia ca chnh ph bit: C = 300 MPC = 0,8 I = 200 G = 300 t = 0,25 (25%) +) Hm chi tiu ca h gia nh, hm tng chi tiu theo k hoch (APE), tng chi tiu t nh ca nn kinh t? +) Ycb = ? +) Nu G = 200 th Ycb mi = ? +) Hm tit kim. S dng S I tnh Ycb
Bi tp
2) Nn kinh t m c s tham gia ca chnh ph bit: C = 10 MPC = 0,8 I = 5 X = 5 MPM = 0,14 G = 40 t = 0,2 (20%) +) Hm chi tiu ca h gia nh, hm tng chi tiu theo k hoch (APE)? +) Chi tiu t nh ca nn kinh t? +) Ycb = ? +) Nu G = 20, I = 5 th Ycb mi = ? +) Hm tit kim. S dngS I tnh Ycb
Bi tp
3) Nn kinh t m c s tham gia ca chnh ph bit: C = 100 MPC = 0,8 I = 500 X = 300 MPM = 0,2 G = 400 T = 100 +) Hm tiu dng, hm tng chi tiu, Ycb = ? +) Nu G = 100, T = 200 th Ycb mi = ? +) Hm tit kim. S dng S I tnh Ycb
4) Mt nn kinh t c biu din bng cc thng s sau: C= 100 + MPC.Yd I= 100 + MPI.Y G= 300 T= 20 + tY NX= 200 - MPM.Y MPC=0.8; MPM=0.1; MPI=0.16; t=0.2 Y*- Y = 100 U* = 5% a/ Xc nh mc sn lng cn bng v t l tht nghip thc t ca nn kinh t ny (xem li Okun law). b/ Khi chnh ph tng chi tiu v hng ho dch v thm 20 v tng thu thm 20. Th mc sn lng cn bng mi l bao nhiu? Cn bng Ngn sch trong cn cn thng d tng hay thm ht? c/ a nn kinh t ban u v nn kinh t sn lng tim nng th chnh ph iu chnh chnh sch ti kho nh th no? Liu lng l bao nhiu?
Bi tp
Bi tp
5) Cho C = 150 + 0.6 Y I = 200, G = 500, X = 150, IM (M) = 0,1Y T = 0,25Y +) Tnh MPS +) Tnh Ycb = ? +) Tnh BB=?, NX=? 6) Cho APE (AE) = 1800 + 0,5Y I = 500, G = 700, X = 400 IM(M) = 0,2Y T=0,1Y +) Tm hm tiu dng C=? +) Tnh Ycb = ?
S nhn thu
Khng c
ng c chnh ph
Thu t nh
Thu ph thuc vo thu nhp Thu t nh + ph thuc vo thu nhp
1 1 MPC
m'
MPC 1 MPC
1 m 1 MPC (1 t )
Khng c
m
m
m
1 1 MPC (1 t )
m'
MPC 1 MPC (1 t )
M c chnh ph
1 MPC (1 t ) MPM
1 1 MPC (1 t ) MPM
m'
Nhn xt: s nhn chi tiu khi c thu nh hn khi khng c thu; s nhn chi tiu trong nn kinh t m nh hn nn kinh t ng
Y1
Y1
Y0
Y AS
AD1
AD0
thu khng c lp vi thu nhp s nhn ngn sch (s nhn chi tiu)
tng G th tng thu nhp tng t trng hp gi nguyn thu
+ + +
Tng chi tiu theo k hoch (aggregate planned expenditure, planned aggregate expenditure) Chi tiu t nh (autonomous expenditure) Xu hng tiu dng cn bin (MPC), xu hng tit kim cn bin (MPS), xu hng nhp khu cn bin (MPM) Chnh sch ti kha (fiscal policy), chnh sch ti kha m rng (expansionary fiscal policy) chnh sch ti kha tht cht (contractionary fiscal policy) C ch t n nh (automatic stabilizer) Cn cn ngn sch (budget balance) cn cn ngn sch chu k (cyclical budget balance) Hiu ng/hin tng ln t (crowding-out effect), hiu ng/hin tng thoi lui u t (crowding-out domestic invesment effect)
Cu hi t duy
Ti sao Nht Bn li xy dng nhng cng trnh khng ai mun s dng? Liu chnh ph Nht Bn c t c mc ch ca mnh? Cch y chc nm (cui nhng nm 1990) cc quan chc Nht Bn quyt nh xy dng mt con ng di 160 dm pha bc o Hokkaido. Chi ph xy dng con ng ny rt t khong 60 triu $ cho mt dm (1,6km). Rt t ngi s dng con ng ny phn ln bi c mt ng cao tc min ph (khng thu ph) chy song song vi con ng . Cc quan chc c gng thu ht li xe bng vic a ra cc phn thng v t chc 1 cuc thi cho nhng ngi li xe qua con ng ny. Mc d chin dch thnh cng trong vic tng lng xe trung bnh i li con ng ny trong 1 ngy ln 862 xe, nhng y vn l 1 trong nhng con ng t c s dng nht Nht Bn. Trong thi gian ny, chnh ph Nht Bn cn xy dng mt tuyn tu in ngm Tokyo tr gi 10 t $, mt khon tin vt qu ngn sch qu nhiu. iu ng ni l tuyn tu ny khng khp kn thnh 1 vng hon chnh quanh thnh ph v th n gy kh khn cho hnh khch. Bn cnh l cc chng trnh xy hng ngn rp ht ti cc th trn nh, ng hm nhng ni ch cn xy ng l , lt ln lt xung nhng va h lt si