C}u lnh c bn trong ANSYS Ansys L{m sao dng c c}u lnh trong ANSYS?

? ANSYS l{ mt phn mm mnh v tnh to|n kt cu v{ hi tr m hnh kt cu cu vi nhiu i tng. Nhng ANSYS c mt c im l{ gip ngi dng trn trn giao din ha kh nng trung bnh. Vy m hnh mt b{i to|n c n h{ng nghn node nm chng cho ln nhau th chc nng pick im ca ANSYS t ra km hiu qu. Gii quyt vn bn nn hc c|ch s dng dng c}u lnh trong ANSYS:

1. t tiu cho vic m hnh b{i to|n: /TITLE, tn b{i to|n, ng{y th|ng 2. Chc nng ghi ch: !* ghi ch ni dung

3. Bt u to marco thc hin c|ch lnh ca chng trnh: /PREP7 4. n v o US hay SI: /UNIT, SI hay US 5. To iu kin bin cho b{i to|n: /SOLUTION 6. Kt thc vic m hnh: FINISH 7. To khung nhn cho m hnh: GPLOT hoc EPLOT (xem c|c th{nh phn ~ to ln), NPLOT xem ta node 8. To d liu cho b{i to|n: /POST1 9. Thm th{nh phn (element type) : ET, tn th{nh phn. V d: ET, LINK1 ET, BEAM4 ET,BEAM23 ET,CONTACT39 .....

10. chnh sa mt s th{nh phn c bn trong element type: KEYOPT,s th t ca kiu th{nh phn, v tr cn sa, th t cn sa VD: BEAM23 c KEYPOT,2,2,3 <-- sa BEAM23 th{nh thp ng knh trn 11. To d liu cho kiu kt cu: R, th t ca kiu kt cu,d liu a v{o. VD: LINK1 v tr 1 cn nhp din tch R,1,2 lnh n{y s lin h vi ET,LINK1

12. To vt liu: MP thay vic bn v{o Material -> Material Model to V d:

MP,EX,1,30e6 ! M un {n hi ca thp MP,GXY,1,11.2E6 ! lc ct {n hi ca thp MP,DENS,7800 ! trng lng ring ca thp kg/m3 MP,HF,1,2 ! h s i lu hay h s m{ng MP,KXX,2,0.5 ! tnh dn nhit ca b tng MP,ALPX,1,11.7e-6 ! h s n nhit ca thp MP,RSVX,1,1 ! sut in tr 13. To node v{ ta im trn m{n hnh (thay cho vic v{o Model -> Create -> Node -> Active CS) N,th t node, ta x, ta y, ta z VD: N,,1,1,1 ! Node n{y c to ra vi ta x,y,z l{ 1,1,1, v{ s th t t ng tng dn

Hoc nu bn to 10 node m{ c c|c khong c|ch node l{ nh nhau th: N,1,0,0,0 ! to node 1 trc

N,10,10,0,0 ! to ra node cui dng FILL,1,10 ! t ng in tip 8 node cn li cho bn

14. copy t v tr n{y sang v tr kh|c: NGEN, COPIES, INC, NODE1, NODE2, NODINCR, DX, DY, DZ COPIES= s lng node s copy bao gm node bt u INC= node s bt u tng dn NODE1= node u tin ca d~y cho ban u NODE2= node cui cng ca d~y cho ban u NODINCR= s gia gia c|c node trong mt h{ng DX, DY, DZ= bc nhy theo phng X, Y Z V d: c mt d~y node l{ : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,8 nm trc X. Gi cn phi copy node n{y chy dc theo trc OZ vi s lng 10. Mi h{ng node c|ch nhau 1m: NGEN,10,1,1,8,0,0,0,1 15. t kiu vt liu trc khi thc hin lnh ni c|c ELEMENT vi nhau: TYPE, s th t ca element type MAT, s th t ca vt liu REAL, s th t ca tnh cht ca element type VD: TYPE,1 MAT,1 REAL,1 16. To ra element trn m{n hnh, vic n{y bn phi pick c|c im kh| vt v nhng tn dng lnh n{y th rt gn thi gian c cho bn: E,node 1, node 2, node 3,..... node n VD:

TYPE,1 MAT,1 REAL,1 E,1,2 E,2,3

! kiu kt cu (element type) 1 ! kiu vt liu 1 ! d liu 1 ! Element 1, nodes 1-2 ! Element 2, nodes 2-3

17. Copy element, nhiu khi bn ca phi l{m i l{m li mt cng vic trong mt h{ng node vic n{y s rt ngn thi gian nu nm chc vic n{y: EGEN, COPIES, NODINCR, ELEM1, ELEM2, ELINCR hoc EGEN, COPIES, NODINCR, -NUM Kh| ging vi NGEN: COPIES tng s element cn copy bao gm ca element gc NODINCR Node s bt u tng ch gia ln gia c|c node ELEM1 element u tin trong d~y cn copy ELEM2 element cui cng trong d~y cn copy ELINCR S gia gia c|c elemetn vi nhau -NUM s ln gn nht c ~ c nh trong d~y element V d: bn c element: 1-2 (1,2 l{ node) cn copy n th{nh 4 element kh|c nhau: EGEN,4,1,-1 Lnh n{y s t ng copy cho bn: element: 2-3, 3-4, 4-5 vi 2,3,4,5 l{ node. 18. Chuyn v: t chuyn v cho mt node n{o m{ ~ bit tn node: D,NODE,UX,UY,UZ,RX,RY,RZ,ALL,VOLT,TEMP V d: D,1,UY,0 ! t gi ta cho node 1 l{ gi trt D,3,UX,0,,,,UY !t gi ta cho node 3 l{ cht D,4,ALL !Ti node 4 s t l{ g{m D,2,TEMP,300 ! ti node s c nhit t|c ng v{o 300C 19. t lc cho mt node n{o : F,node, hng, gi| tr: F,1,FX,3000 !node 1 s c gi| tr lc l{ 3000 20. Lc ph}n b:SFBEAM,element,keyload,PRES, gi| tr u, gi| tr cui VD: SFBEAM,1,1,PRES,60 ! c element s chu t|c dng lc ph}n b l{ 60 SFBEAM,1,1,PRES,60,70 !element n{y s chu lc t|c dng hnh thang Ch : Keyload vi lc rt quan trng khi t lc, keyload i din cho mt phng m{ ti trng s c t ln. Mi mt th{nh phn kt cu c mt keyload ring bit. V d SHELL63 th keyload = 2 l{ mt trn theo chiu ca th{nh phn SHELL63. hay BEAM3 th keyload = 1 tc l{ lc s t|c dng ln phng FY. Chiu ca keyload ph thuc v{o node i trc hay sau, mun bit c v tnh cht n{y ca tng vy liu bn nn tm hiu thm trong HELP ca ANSYS. V d nh SHELL63 c 4 nodes. N s bt u t I-J-K-L, v{ v tr ca tng im I, J, K, L v{ chiu ca n. Khi keyload mi c nhp v{o. Nh hnh di d}y l{ ta I-J-K-L ca SHELL63, bn nn ch n OX, OY, OZ t ng Keyload. Keyload -2 mt trn, 5 mt bn YOZ,...

V d bi v biu m men cho m: thc tp c ANSYS v hiu c cch ly moment, lc ct v ni lc trong ANSYS. Bn cn phi thc tp nhng bi ton c bn sau. Cho dm n gin, s dng ANSYS m hnh bi ton v a ra biu moment v lc ct. Chiu di dm l 10in (Ti dng lun n v in v bi ton ny ti lm bng n v in)

y l v d c bn, cc bn s hiu c lm cch no nhp d liu v s l d liu ca mt bi ton khi c m hnh vo ansys. Sau khi khi ng ANSYS 10ED bn s nhn thy mt mn hnh nh di y: [Unviewed]

Phn mm ANSYS c 2 menu c bn. Menu trn cng l menu thao tc cc chc nng nh a ra kt qu, khung nhn, gc nhn, hay hin tn tng node (keypoints)... Menu th 2 bn tay tri, chc nng chnh l dng nhp s liu, x l tnh ton, m hnh bi ton, Lm cch no gii bi ton trn? gii c bi ton trn bn cn lm theo nhng bc sau (trong tng bc ti s c gng m t k lng nhng iu bn cn hay nhng tip gip bn c th lm vic nhanh hn nhng ln sau) 1. Thay i tn cng vic: Menu trn cng bn vo FILE -> CHANGE JOBNAME, bn thay i tn JOBNAME. iu ny rt quan trng v s tn file ca bn khi bn lu n li.

Bi ton ny ti thay i tn bi ton l "Knuckle Joint pin", sau bn bm OK nh hnh di.

2. Thay i li ng dn: Cng vic ny gip bn tm kim file nhanh hn khi ghi li file. Thc t, nu bn khng thay i li ng dn th chng trnh s t ng ghi vo mt th mc mc nh ca n, bn s rt mt cng tm kim. V vy tt nht bn nn thay i n trc khi thc hin cng vic ca mnh.

Sau khi chn xong ng dn bn bm OK kt thc cng vic ny. Tip: Bn c th xem qua bi LM QUEN VI ANSYS r hn v chc nng ny v thc hin cng vic nhanh hn. 3. M hnh bi ton v chn cch x l cho my tnh: Bn tay tri bn nh ni trn l menu nhp s liu v m hnh bi ton. Mi bi ton bn cn phi s dng Menu ny.

Chn Preferences chc nng ny kh l quan trng trong tng bi ton ca bn, phng php gii hay l kt qu ca bi ton. Nh bi ton ny th c gii theo kt cu thun ty (Structural), cn mt s bi khc bn cn xem bi ton yu cu g v d nh l: x l lung kh, nhit (Thermal) hay dng chy (Fluid) bn s chn nhng chc nng . iu ny c li hay hi? iu ny gip cho bn tit kim c rt nhiu ti nguyn cng nh thu ngn li thanh Menu, b rc ri khi bn tt c m hnh bi ton trn. [unviewed]

4. Chn tit din dm v nhp s liu: Chn Preprocessor ->Element Type: [unviewed]

Mt ng dng l ELMENT TYPES hin ln, chn kiu phn t bn bm vo ADD. Library of Element Types s hin ln cho bn la chn kiu phn t. Bn s thy Structural Mass c LINK, BEAM, PIPE, SOLID, SHELL, CONSTRAINT... vy nhng phn t ny c chc nng g? Phn t LINK ch dng cho tnh ton dn, phn t ny c hiu mc nh l khng c Moment. Phn t BEAM phn t ny dng tnh ton dm, phn t ny 3 gi tr Moment, lc ct v ni lc Pipe phn t thnh dng ng Solid v Shell phn t dng tm, thng tnh ton v m hnh bi ton vi sn hoc tng. Constraint: Phn t ny kh l hay, khi bn tnh ton mng hay mt nn n hi th phn t kh hu dng cho php bn t tnh hung nn n hi c mt cng K no . Khi bi ton s st thc t hn.

Trong bi ton ny bn BEAM, BEAM c 2D elastic 3 v Plastic 23, thng th cc bi ton kt cu c tnh ton cho ELASTIC, cn PLASTIC khi tnh ton bin dng ca kt cu c ngh khi kt cu c thuyt s b gy. TAPEREC 54, phn t ny tnh cho tit din khng u ca kt cu. V d u A c cao h1 nhng u B c cao h2. Cn 3D finite strain dng m hnh dm trong tnh ton kt cu 3 chiu.

Vy sau khi chn 2D ELASTIC 3, ELEMENT TYPE s hin ln nh hnh v. di cui chn tip OPTIO, mc ch chn tnh ton kt qu ca dm ny. Thng thng b qua, Bc ny cng c v ANSYS vn a ra kt l Moment v ni lc. [unviewed]

5. Khai bo gi tr ca BEAM. y l bc kh quan trng, nu bn khng khai bo th tnh ton c th tht bi, d khng tnh n bn cng nn khai bo l 1 cho tt c cc phn t. Chn Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete

 c sn BEAM 3 (nh lc ny n c cho t th vin phn t). Bn chn BEAM v bm OK. Real Constant window cho Beam 3 hin ln nh sau:

Bn cn phi nhp din tch (AREA), Moment qun tnh IZZ v chiu cao ca dm (HEIGHT). Shear deflect constrant (SHEARZ) v INITIAL STRAIN v ADDMAS th bn khng cn quan tm v sao, v bi ny dm khng c mt lc c chuyn v cho trc, v khng c ko ban u ca dm, hay dm cng khng cho trng lng ring trn mt di c bn. Nn bn c th b qua cng on ny. 6. Khai bo vt liu Vt liu ca bi ton, y l iu cng kh quan trng, bn phi khai bo nhng vn c bn ca dm l M un n hi (E) v h s Poisson (esp) cho bi ton. Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models, mn hnh xut hin Define Material Models Behavior window s c m. Bn chn isotropic (ng hng), linearly (tuyn tnh), elastic (n hi), structural (kt cu) Material Models Available: Bn chn > Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic. Linear Isotropic Properties for Material Number 1 s xut hin: Bn cn phi nhp 30e6 cho EX (Xut Young) v 0.3 cho PRXY (h s Poission). cui cng l bm OK. Nu bn mun k trng lng bn thn th bn cn chn DENSITY v nhp trng lng bn thn ca vt liu vo V d: B tng: 2400kg/cm3, Thp: 7850kg/cm3 hay Gch l: 470kg/cm3 [unviewed]

Sau khi bm OK bn c th vin c bn cho vt liu dm ca bn. 7. M hnh bi ton.

Bi ton c th gii theo Node hoc Keypoints, vy im khc nhau gia Node v Keypoint l g? Node ch yu gii cho kt cu khi n c m hnh thnh nhiu node. Dng Keypoint khi bn cha bit kt cu ca bn s nh s dng nh th no, nn bn c th dng Mesh (chia nh) to thnh mt li cho kt cu. y ti dng Keypoints. Preprocessing > Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In Active CS

X, Y ,Z l ta im m bn cn phi in m t kt cu ca mnh. NPT l s th t im (1,2,3,....) Bn nhp cc v tr sao y. in NPT l 1, X = 0. Y= 0, Z=0 th ti v tr 0,0,0 im keypoint 1. Bn APPLY v nhp ln lt vi cc Keypoint khc. KP # 1: X=0, Y=0, Z=0 KP # 2: X=2, Y=0, Z=0 KP # 3: X=4, Y=0, Z=0 KP # 4: X=6, Y=0, Z=0

KP # 5: X=10, Y=0, Z=0 Trong bi ton ny do BEAM 3 l 2D ELASTIC nn khng th gii c trong khng gian, do vy Z = 0. Nu bn mun gii trong 3D th bn cn phi chn 3D ELASTIC. tip: Nn nhp tng dng mt sau bm APPLY, nu bn bn OK, bn s phi chn li Trong trng hp bn b li bn c th xa Keypoint bng cch. Preprocessing > Modeling > Delete > Keypoints

Chn nhng Keypoint b li v bm OK, bn xa c keypoint li ri. Sau khi kt thc bn bm OK mn hnh s cho bn gi tr nh sau:

Trong trng hp s th t keypoint m khng hin ln nh hnh v, t Menu trn cng bn chn PlotCtrls > Numbering > put a checkmark next to keypoint numbers > OK

Tip: Vi NODE v ELEMENT bn mun hin s hay cc ch th mu khc nhau th chn tng t. Hoc hin kt qu v tr ta ca cc im keypoint bn chn nh sau: List > Keypoint > Coordinates Only (nh hnh trn)

Bc tip theo chng ta cn phi ni cc im Keypoint li to thnh mt dm thng. Bng cch Preprocessing > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Lines

Ln lt chn im 1 v im 2 sau bm APPLY (cn nh tip trc, khng nn OK khi cha kt thc nhp) ln lt nh vy cho n khi keypoint 4 v keypoint 5 c chn th bn bm OK kt thc m hnh bi ton. Nu mt li xy ra trong qu trnh m hnh bn c th xa n i bng cch: Preprocessing > Modeling > Delete > Lines Only, ri chn li Line va v xa n. Sau khi kt thc bn s c c m hnh nh sau:

No by gi iu quan trng y l, nu bn c 5 im nh trn th kh nng v biu Moment s khng c chnh xc v bn c qu t im. Nu biu moment c v ln th cha chc n i theo nh mun m n s hin ra ton ng thng ( Bn c th th li sau khi lm xong v d ny. Bn s hiu ti sao) Keypoint gip bn to mt li d dng hn so vi Node. Nh y nu Node th bn cn khong trn 10 nodes m hnh v v biu moment cho p th Keypoint bn ch cn t hn s sau bn dng cng c Mesh thc hin n. Preprocessing > Meshing > Size Cntrls > Manual Size > Lines > All Lines

Bn cn phi in vo Element edge lengthl 0.1 tc l mt li ca bn c chia nh n 0.1 (10/0.1) khong 100 im. Ch y l ty thuc vo phn ANSYS s hi tr bn bao nhiu im chia ANSYS 10ED hi tr khong 1000 im chia. Bn bm OK kt thc cng vic ny. By gi bn bt u to mt li cho dm ca mnh: Preprocessing > Meshing > Mesh > Lines t mn hnh Mesh Lines bn cn phi chn Pick ALL, th chc nng Mesh s t ng to mt li cho dm ca bn. Sau khi ton thnh bn s thu c nh sau.

Nhn qua chng thy im keypoint no na, v dm ca bn c chia nh thnh cc mt li ri. 8. S l v a ra kt qu. Sau khi hon thnh cng vic nhp kt qu nh trn bn cn phi gii bi ton ny c kt qu. T Menu bn chn: Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis

y c nhiu loi kho st bi ton. Statics kho st kiu tnh nh, tc l vi cc kt cu thun ty gii a ra kt qu ni lc v moment. Kiu Modal, kho st bi ton di dng ng lng tc l khi b nh hng bi ng t hay va chm. Harmonic gii bi ton theo iu ha hay tun hon (thng cho kh v nhit )

Kho st kiu Eigen Buckling a vt th b b cong hoc h hng. Transient: Va chm tc thi, c th s dng trong tnh ton kt cu c nh hng ti ng t Spectrum: Kho st bi ton di dng quang ph, hay di tm m. Trong bi ton ny chng ta s chn Statics tnh ton vn c bn ca kt cu. Thm ngoi lc v t ngi t cho dm. Hin ti dm ca ang b bao ph hon ton bng mt li hin r nhng thnh phn bn cn : Plot > Multiplots v Plot > Keypoints > Keypoints (Hin keypoint)

By gi chng ta mi th thm ngoi lc vo c, nh lc ny th rt kh chn LINE no thm ngoi lc. Solutions > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment > On Keypoints

Bn cn phi chn t KEYPOINT c th m hnh bi ton nh u bi a. V tr ngoi lc tc dng: KP1 KP1 KP2 KP2 KP3 KP4 KP5 FY 400 MZ 400 FY -400 MZ -400 FY 200 FY -200 FY 400

By gi chng ta cn phi nhp lc phn b cho bi ton. Solutions > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams. APPLY PRES on BEAMS s hin nn bn cn phi chn BEAM c lc tc dng ln, y chnh l lc phn b). Bn chn LINE gia keypoint 2 v 3, v in gi tr 100 vo Pressure at Node I, Nu ngoi lc phn b l hnh tam gic th bn cn phi in vo Node J, cn khng th b qua. Mc nh ca phn mm Load Key l 1, cn nu bn mun tm hiu hn v Load Key (bn c li bi Lm quen vi ANSYS

Tng t vi cc LINE cn li. KP3 v KP4: -100. KP4 v KP5: 100 Cui cng mn hnh s a ra nh sau: (Nhn c v phc tp phi khng, nhng n l m hnh li ca bi ton)

Nu bn mun xem di dng 3D ca dm bn c th lm nh sau xem hnh nh 3D n gin ca bi ton. Plot Controls > Style > Size and Shape Mn hnh Size and Shape s xut hin, Bn cn phi bt chc nng Display of Element xem hnh nh 3D ca dm ny. Nh hnh di y.

Chn OK kt thc, s dng thanh cng bn tay phi xem hnh nh khng gian 3 chiu ca dm.

Bc tip theo gii bi ton ny bn chn Solution > Solve > Current LS. Mn hnh s hin ln thng bo v Solve Current Load Step, chn OK. Nu mn hnh hi bn mt li l Verify thng bo rng c li g hay bo ng nhng khng phi li nghim trng bn c th bm OK chy tip. Nu l li nghim trng mn hnh s a ra thng bo li vi hnh ch X mu , v bn khng th gii c bi ton. Sau khi my tnh chy xong mt thng bo hon thnh cng vic (SOLUTION IS DONE). y bn ch bm DONE hay CLOSE (ty thuc vo phin bn) bt u mt nhim v mi l khai thc kt qu ca bi ton. 9. V biu Moment v Lc Ct. Trong trng hp c rt nhiu cch xem chi tit biu lc ct v moment. Cc n gin bn c th xem qua menu LIST gc trn mn hnh, cch ny a cho bn mt bng cc con s v bn phi bit xem im u im cui. Nhng cc di y a ra nh cc phn mn khc l hin th ngay trn mn hnh ha ca phn mm. Menu GENERAL POSTPROC rt quan trong khi cn xem kt qu ca bi ton. Vic u tin chng ta cn phi nh ngha mt bng d liu cho dm, t my tnh mi c th v c biu Moment cho bn. General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table, Hi thoi Element Table Data s hin ln, vic lm ca bn l bm ADD.

Mn hinh Define Addtional Element Table Items, bng nh ngha cho BEAM 3. Ghi nh y l, User Label for ITEM s c dng li. y bn cn phi nh li mt cht. Mt thanh thng s c 6 thnh phn chuyn v cho 3 phng mt u (3 thnh phn lc, 3 thnh phn chuyn v xoay). Th nn mt thanh c 2 u, 1 l I v u kia l J. Tip: Bn nn t tn cho USER LABLE FOR ITEM l I moment v J Moment b nhm ln gia 2 u ca thanh. Do tnh nng xut ra theo tng thanh mt, v sau ny v t tri sang phi ca mn hnh s l chiu +.

Gi ly Moment cho u th nht: USER LABLE for ITEM bn t l I moment, chn By Sequence num bn kia chn SMISC, v g s 6 chnh l moment theo phng Z ca dm. Vi J moment , bn g vo l 12, (tng 1 thanh s c 12 thnh phn chuyn v). Bn xem hnh di y. Nh sau khi nhp I MOMENT xong bm APPLY, ng bm OK, nu khng bn s mt thi gian quay li cng vic.

Sau khi xong vic bn bm OK kt thc vi Moment. Tng t vi lc ct. SMISC, 2 v SIMSC, 8(y l lc ct theo phng OY, cn ni lc OX, th khi SIMSC l 1 v 7. Lc ct theo OZ, 3, v 9. Moment theo OX l 4 v 10, OY l 5 v 11). Sau khi kt thc bn s thu c bng kt qu nh sau:

ng bng ELement Table Data bng cch bm Close. By gi vic lm duy nht l v biu moment v lc ct cho bi ton. General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Line Elem Res Plot Line, cho Node I v Node J (mc d chng ta m hnh bi ton bng Keypoint nhng iu khng nh hng v 1 thanh vn c im u v im cui) ti NODE I chn I FORCE, v node J chn J FORCE nh hnh v di.

Def Shape Only: Ch hin chuyn v, Def + Undeformed: hin chuyn v v hnh ban u ca dm. ( Def vit tt ca ch Deflection). Bm OK bn s thu c biu lc ct nh sau:

Tng t vi biu moment bn cng c:

Tip: Trong trng hp bn mun xut kt qu ny ra WINWORD (WORD) bn c th lm nh sau b nn en ca mn hnh i m khng cn chnh sa. T menu chnh PlotCtrls -> Write Metafile -> Invert Black/White. Gi th bn c bn rt p. 10. Kim nh kt qu bng tnh ton tay. Nh ni trn, kt qu tnh tay cho thy s ngc du khi em so snh 2 kt qu li vi nhau. Do my tnh tnh ton k n cng ca dm v h s Poisson nn khi tnh ton, kt qu s gim i do nh hng bi cng. L do gy ra s ngc chiu gia 2 kt qu l, s quy c.

Ngun VIET3g.com