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Transistor l mt linh kin bn dn thng c s dng nh mt thit b khuch i hoc mt kha in t.

Tranzitor l khi n v c bn xy dng nn cu trc mch my tnh in t v tt c cc thit b in t hin i khc. V p ng nhanh v chnh xc nn cc tranzitor c s dng trong nhiu ng dng tng t v s, nh khuch i, ng ct, iu chnh in p, iu khin tn hiu, v to dao ng.Tranzitor cng thng c kt hp thnh mch tch hp (IC),c th tch hp ti mt t tranzitor trn mt din tch nh.

Mt s tranzito

Cng ging nh it, tranzito c to thnh t hai cht bn dn in. Khi ghp mt bn dn in m nm gia hai bn dn in dng ta c mt PNP tranzito. Khi ghp mt bn dn in dng nm gia hai bn dn in m ta c mt NPN tranzito. Mi tranzito u c ba cc: 1. Cc gc (base) 2. Cc gp (collector) 3. Cc pht (emitter) phn bit PNP hay NPN tranzito ta cn c vo k hiu linh kin da vo mi tn trn u pht. Nu mi tn hng ra th tranzito l NPN, v nu mi tn hng vo th tranzito l PNP. NPN PNP

Phn bit cc loi Transistor PNP v NPN ngoi thc t. Transistor Nht bn : thng k hiu l A..., B..., C..., D... V d A564, B733, C828, D1555 trong cc Transistor k hiu l A v B l Transistor thun PNP cn k hiu l C v D l Transistor ngc NPN. cc Transistor A v C thng c cng sut nh v tn s lm vic cao cn cc Transistor B v D thng c cng sut ln v tn s lm vic thp hn. Transistor do M sn xut. thng k hiu l 2N... v d 2N3055, 2N4073 vv... Transistor do Trung quc sn xut : Bt u bng s 3, tip theo l hai ch ci. Ch ci th nht cho bit loi bng : Ch A v B l bng thun , ch C v D l bng ngc, ch th hai cho bit c im : X v P l bng m tn, A v G l bng cao tn. Cc ch s sau ch th t sn phm. Th d : 3CP25 , 3AP20 vv.. 1. xc nh bng cch dng VOM: o ln lt cc cp chn ca transistor ( in thun ri o chiu li) tng cng l 6 ln o. Trong c 2 ln ln kim v trong 2 ln ln kim c 1 que c nh v chn que c nh l chn B .nu que c nh ny l en th trans l loi PNP cn ngc li l NPN [sa]Chc

nng

Tranzito l linh kin in t th ng, tc l cn ngun cung cp nng lng hot ng, c th, cn phi phn cc cho tranzito n hot ng. Ty theo mc ch m tranzito c mc ni vi mch in cc kiu khc nhau thc hin nhng chc nng sau: Kha in t Truyn dn in B khuch i

[sa]Vng

hot ng

Tranzito hot ng c nh t mt in th mt chiu vo vng bin (junction). in th ny gi l in th kch hot (bias voltage) Mi vng trong tranzito hot ng nh mt it. V mi tranzito c hai vng v c th kch hot vi mt in th thun hoc nghch. C tt c bn cch thc (mode) hot ng cho c hai PNP hay NPN tranzito.

Cch thc hot ng (Operating Mode)

EBJ

CBJ

Phn cc nghch Cut-Off

Nghch (Reverse) Nghch (Reverse)

Phn cc thun nghch Active

Thun (Forward) Nghch (Reverse)

Phn cc thun Saturation

Thun (Forward

Thun (Forward)

Phn cc nghch thun Reverse-Active Nghch (Reverse) Thun (Forward)

Phn cc thun nghch (The Active mode) dng cho vic khuch i in thun Phn cc nghch thun (Reverse-Active) dng cho vic khuch i in nghch Vng (The Cut-Off) and (Saturation) modes dng nh cng tc (switch) v biu hin trng thi 1,0 trong in s. 1.1 - Cu to ca Transistor. ( Bng bn dn ) Transistor gm ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai mi tip gip P-N , nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor thun , nu ghp theo th t NPN ta c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu to Transistor tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau .

Cu to Transistor Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc , lp gia gi l cc gc k hiu l B ( Base ), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng tp cht thp. Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht ( Emitter ) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp ( Collector ) vit tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P ) nhng c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v cho nhau c.

1.2 - Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor. * Xt hot ng ca Transistor NPN .

Mch kho st v nguyn tc hot ng ca transistor NPN

Ta cp mt ngun mt chiu UCE vo hai cc C v E trong (+) ngun vo cc C v (-) ngun vo cc E. Cp ngun mt chiu UBE i qua cng tc v tr hn dng vo hai cc B v E , trong cc (+) vo chn B, cc (-) vo chn E. Khi cng tc m , ta thy rng, mc d hai cc C v E c cp in nhng vn khng c dng in chy qua mi C E ( lc ny dng IC = 0 ) Khi cng tc ng, mi P-N c phn cc thun do c mt dng in chy t (+) ngun UBE qua cng tc => qua R hn dng => qua mi BE v cc (-) to thnh dng IB Ngay khi dng IB xut hin => lp tc cng c dng IC chy qua mi CE lm bng n pht sng, v dng IC mnh gp nhiu ln dng IB Nh vy r rng dng IC hon ton ph thuc vo dng IB v ph thuc theo mt cng thc .

IC = .IB Trong IC l dng chy qua mi CE IB l dng chy qua mi BE l h s khuych i ca Transistor

Gii thch : Khi c in p UCE nhng cc in t v l trng khng th vt qua mi tip gip P-N to thnh dng in, khi xut hin dng IBE do lp bn dn P ti cc B rt mng v nng pha tp thp, v vy s in t t do t lp bn dn N ( cc E ) vt qua tip gip sang lp bn dn P( cc B ) ln hn s lng l trng rt nhiu, mt phn nh trong s cc in t th vo l trng to thnh dng IB cn phn ln s in t b ht v pha cc C di tc dng ca in p UCE => to thnh dng ICE chy qua Transistor. * Xt hot ng ca Transistor PNP . S hot ng ca Transistor PNP hon ton tng t Transistor NPN nhng cc tnh ca cc ngun in UCE v UBE ngc li . Dng IC i t E sang C cn dng IB i t E sang B.
14/11/2011 langtumotthoi

0 tranzitor npn c s dng nhiu t trc kia,c hnh mi tn quay vo ming bn dn .V sau tranzitor pnp v npn s dng nhiu bng nhau ti th trng vit nam nn cc k s,th in t vit nam thi bao cp(t mn t m)gi tranzitor npn phn ln s dng mt dng xut x xhcn c mi tn quay vo ch

lm vic ging vi n in t l thun mi tn quay ra l tranzitor ngc l nhng nm197x-198x .V sau sau na in t khi tbcn trn ngp th trng tranzzitor phn ln s dng tranzitor pnp mt m .n in t tuyt chng,hng in t khi xhcn km v gi thnh cht lng s lng bn nn thnh ph liu ht. l nm198x v sau

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