Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cu 1. t chy hon ton m g mt cht bo (triglixerit) cn 0,805mol O2 sinh ra 0,57mol CO2 v 0,53mol
H2O.Cng m g cht bo ny tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH th khi lng mui to thnh l:
A.10,14g
B.11,5g
C.9,14g
D.8,34g
HD: p dng lbt khi lg cho phn ng chy: m c.bo = mCO2 +mH2O - mO2 =8,86 g
p dng l bo ton nguyn t O : 6.n (c.bo) +2nO2 =2nCO2 +nH2O
=> n c.bo = 0,01 mol ( Trong cht bo lun c 6 nguyn t O nh bn)
Khi thy phn th n NaOH =3n bo =0,03 mol
m mui = m bo + mNa+ - m (-C3H5-) = 8,86 +(0,03*23)-(0,01 *41)=9,14 g
Chn C
Cu 2. Hn hp M cha 3cht hu c X,Y,Z c cng nhm nh chc vi cng thc phn t t ng ng
CH4,C2H6O,C3H8O3. t chy hon ton mt lng M sau phn ng thu c 2,24lit CO2 v 2,7g H2O. Mt
khc 40g M ho tan ti a 9,8g Cu(OH)2.Phn trm khi lng ca X trong M l
A.38%
B.8%
C16%
D.4%
HD: D thy Z l glixerol, trong 40 g hh c 0,2 mol glixerol
=> %m C3H8O3 = 0,2*92/40 = 46%
Nh vy trong m gam hh ban u th % ca glixerol l 46%
Gi x,y,z ln lt l s mol ca CH4,C2H6O,C3H8O3
Ta c:
x+2y+3z= nCO2 =0,1
2x+3y+4z=nH2O= 0,15
92z/(16x + 46y +92z)=46%
Gii h ta c: x=z=0,0125 mol, y= 0,025 mol
D dng tnh c %m ca CH4 l 8%
Cu 3: Khi thu phn m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Gly (H+ xc tc) thu c 0,5 mol Ala-Gly, 0,3 mol GlyVal, 0,4 mol Ala, cn li l Gly v Val vi tng khi lng l a gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 177,3 gam
B. 142,5 gam *
C. 145,2 gam
D. 137,7
Bi gii: Nhn thy n(ala) = 0,9 mol = n(X). Trong t X l: Ala-Gly-Val-Gly
Nh th n(gly) = 1,8 mol v n ( Val) = 0,9 mol
Nh th trong a gam thu c c n(gly) = 1,8-0,5-0,3 = 1 mol
n (Val) = 0,9 - 0,3 = 0,6 mol.
Vy gi tr ca a = 145,2 gam
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt peptit X (X c to thnh t cc amino axit ch cha 1 nhm NH2 v
1 nhm -COOH) cn 58,8 lt O2 (ktc) thu c 2,2 mol CO2 v 1,85 mol H2O. Nu cho 0,1 mol X thu phn
hon ton trong 500ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c m gam cht rn. S lin kt peptit trong X v gi tr m ln
lt l
A. 8 v 92,9 gam
B. 8 v 96,9 gam
C. 9 v 92,9 gam
*D. 9 v 96,9 gam
HD: Do cc aminoaxit ch cha 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm - COOH.
Gi A l 1 aminoaxit TQ to peptit X. Vy X l: KA-(K-1)H2O.(0,1 mol).
Vy n(O) trong X l 2k.0,1 -( k -1).0,1
X + 58,8 lt O2 2,2 mol CO2 + 1,85 mol H2O. Vy bo ton nguyn t O. Ta c
n (O) trong X = 1 mol
Vy c 2k.0,1 - (k-1).0,1 = 1 Vy k = 9. C 9 lin kt peptit.
X + 58,8 lt O2 CO2 + H2O + 9/2 N2.
2,2 1,85 0,45
Vy BTKl m(X) = 58,7 gam
Khi thu phn X trong NaOH : (9A - 8 H2O) + 9 NaOH mui + H2O
Vy khi lng cht rn thu c l: 58,7 + 0,5.2.40 - 18.0,1 = 96,9 gam
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm glyxin, alanin, valin v axit glutamic. tc dng va vi 42,8 gam hn hp X cn
500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc t chy hon ton 42,8 gam hn hp X cn 40,32 lt O2 (ktc) thu
c H2O, CO2 v 4,48 lt N2 (ktc). Khi lng ca CO2 to ra l
*A. 66 gam
B. 59,84 gam
C. 61,60 gam
D. 63,36 gam
HD: t CTTQ ca X l R(COOH)k
Cu 10: HCHC X c cng thc phn t l C4H12O5N2. Cho x tc dng v NaOH th thu c mui Na ca
aminoaxi( c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2) v 2 cht kh iu kin thng u c kh nng lm mt mu
qu tm m. S cng thc cu to ph hp vi X l:
A. 4;
B. 5;
C. 3;
D. 2
HD: X (C4H12O5N2 ) l mui ca amino axit vi H2CO3 v NH3 hoc amin:
NH4OOCCH2CH2NH3HCO3 ;
NH4OOCCH(CH3)NH3HCO3;
CH3NH3OOCCH2NH3HCO3
(theo anh ngh ni i mu qu tm s hp l hn l mt mu)
Cu 11: Cho hn hpX gm CH2O,CH2O2,C2H2O2 c s mol bng nhau,mch h. t chy hon ton X thu
CO2 v H2O.Hp th hon ton sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d .sau phn ng khi lng gim 17g
so vi dd Ca(OH)2 ban u. Nu cho hn hp X vo AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c bao nhiu gam Ag.
A. 108
B. 129.6
C. 86.4
D. 64.8
Li gii: S mol mi cht ban u l a, bo ton C v H ta c:
nCO2 = nCH2O + nCH2O2 + 2nC2H2O2 = 4a, tng t: nH2O = 3a mol
khi hp th hon ton vo Ca(OH)2 d th ton b CO2 chuyn vo CaCO3 (4a mol)
Bo ton khi lng c: 44.4a + 18.3a + mdd trc = mdd sau + 100a.4
400a 176a 54a = 17 => a = 0,1 mol
X gm HCHO (0,1 mol); HCOOH (0,1 mol); OHC-CHO (0,1 mol)
nAg = 4 nHCHO + 2nHCOOH + 4n(CHO)2 = 1 mol => mAg = 108 gam => Chn A.
Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp X gm C2H2,C2H4 v H2 nung nng c xc tc Ni th phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu 8.96 lt hn hp Y. Hn hp Y c D/H2=8. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X ri cho sn phm vo dd
Ca(OH)2 d thu bao nhiu gam kt ta
A. 40
B. 20
C. 18
D. 24
Li gii: V bn cht t chy X hay Y u thu c cng lng nh nhau (v lng cc cht khng h i)
do so snh gia X v Y, hn hp no n gin hn th ta gii theo hn hp .
Nhn xt: Mtb Y = 16 => phi c H2 d (v cc cht cn li u c M > Mtb Y); v hiu sut hon ton nn ton b
C2H2 v C2H4 chuyn ha thnh C2H6, vy hn hp Y gm C2H6 v H2.
Ti y dng ng cho, ta tnh c nC2H6 = nH2 =0,2 mol.
Vy t chy Y bi ton n gin hn; tng t nh trn: d thy n = nCO2 = 2nC2H2 = 0,4 mol
Khi lng kt ta: 0,4.100 = 40 gam => Chn A.
Cu 13: Cho HCHC X ch cha 1 loi nhm chc.un nng X vi d d HCl long thu c 2 cht hu c Y v
Z .hai cht Y v Z c khi lng mol bng nhau . t chy hon ton Z th thu c khi lng CO2 gp 88/45
khi lng H2O.Cng thc phn t l
A. C7H14O2
B. C6H12O2
C. C5H10O2
D. C4H8O2
Li gii: Vi bi ton trn nu gii quyt theo hng t lun ta s phc tp, (c th t lun s cho thm d
kin). Quan st bi v kt hp p n nhn thy X l este n chc.
t chy Z c n CO2 = 2 mol; n H2O = 2,5 mol => Z c cng thc CnH2n+2O vi n = 2 : (2,5 -2) = 4
Z l C4H10O (c M =74). Khi lng phn t axit = M ancol = 74 => C3H6O2
X l este no, n chc c to t axit no, n chc, mch h C3H6O2 v ancol no, n chc mch h
=> cng thc phn t X l C7H14O2 (CnH2nO2)
Cu 14: Cho hh X gm 0.09 mol C2H2,0.15 mol CH4 v 0.2 mol H2 . Nung nng hh X c xc tc Ni thu hh
Yhn hp Y qua Br2 th bnh ng nc Br tng 0.82g v thot ra hn hp kh Z c t khi hi so vi H2 bng
8. S mol trong hn hp Z
A. 0.15;0.08;0.09
B. 0.15;0.07;0.05
C. 0,12;0.1;0.06
D. 0.15;0.06;0.06
Li gii:
C2H2 + H2 C2H4 ; C2H2 + 2H2 C2H6; v C2H2 d l z mol
x x x
y 2y y
c : x + y + z = 0,09 mol v c khi lng dung dch Brom tng c C2H4 x mol; C2H2 z mol
28x + 26z = 0,82 gam.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng s c: mZ = 0,09.26 + 0,15.16 + 0,2.2 0,82 = 4,32 gam.
(v mX = mY = mdd Brom tng + mZ)
nZ = 4,32 : 16 = 0,27 mol