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A.TNG QUAN V M N LIN......................................................................................4
I.Phn loi sn phm m n lin:...............................................................................4
II. Th trng tiu th trn th gii v Vit Nam........................................................8
1.Trn th gii...................................................................................................... 8
2. Xt v th trng Vit Nam..............................................................................10
LCH S HNH THNH M N LIN...........................................................................11
NGUYN LIU............................................................................................................13
Bt m....................................................................................................................14
Phn loi: ........................................................................................................... 14
Bt m c cc thnh phn c bn nh sau:..........................................................14
Thnh phn ho hc ca bt m:.........................................................................15
Nc. .................................................................................................................... 16
Shortening.............................................................................................................17
Vai tr ca shortening:........................................................................................17
Nhc im ca shortening:...............................................................................18
Mui. .....................................................................................................................18
CMC(carboxyl methyl cellulose) :...........................................................................19
c k hiu l E464, l mt dn sut ca cellulose, c to thnh sau phn ng vi
kim v acid chloroacetic.CMC khng c. ...............................................................19
CMC hu ht tan trong nc lnh, v c s dng ch yu kim sot nht m
khng to gel (ngay c khi c mt ca ion Ca 2+) ....................................................19
N c dng lm cht n nh trong thc phm v to dai cho si m. .............19
Nc tro.(kansui).......................................................................................................19
QUY TRNH SN XUT...............................................................................................19
I. GIAI ON NHO.................................................................................................21
Ha nc trn bt. .............................................................................................21
2. Trn kh: ......................................................................................................21
Nho bt. ........................................................................................................... 22
II. GIAI ON TO HNH..........................................................................................24
Cn bt. ............................................................................................................. 24
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+ M khng chin.
Th ba l da vo s khc bit nhau mt hng v:
+ M dnh cho ngi n king(m chay).
-
+ M khng chay.
Mt s loi m trn th trng:
M gi
M ly
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M bt:
Quy cch:
M khng chin
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M chin
M chay:
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Chu : Nht Bn, Hn Quc, n , Trung Quc, Indonexia, Thi Lan, Vit
Nam,.
Page 8
M n lin Nht Bn
M n lin i Loan
M n lin Hn Quc
Trong , th trng c sc tiu th ln nht l cc nc chu .
Xt v s lng tiu th, theo s liu thng k nm 2005:
1.Trung Quc tiu th nhiu m n lin nht vi 44,3 t gi bn ra.
2.Indonesia ng th hai vi 12,4 t gi
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Nm 2005, ton th gii tiu th 85,7 t gi m n lin, bnh qun mi ngi 12 gi,
trong Nissin chim th phn ln nht, vi 10 t gi. Cng ty Nissin cn cung cp m n
lin cho nh du hnh v tr ngi Nht Soichi Noguchi trong chuyn bay trn tu con thoi
M Discovery ln Trm V tr quc t ISS.
Ngy 5/1/2007, Momofuku Ando qua i ti Osaka v mt cn nhi mu c tim, hng
th 96 tui. n lc cui i, ng vn s dng sn phm m n lin Ramen v t ho xem
l mt trong nhng b quyt gip ng lun khe mnh v sng th n vy.
NGUYN LIU
M n lin c sn xut t ngun nguyn liu chnh l bt m, nc, du Shortening. Bn
cnh tu theo yu cu dinh dng c th m c thm cc ph gia: trng, tm, bt, c
chua, bt ngt, hnh, tiu, t, ng, mui
Cng thc nguyn liu cho mt gi m n lin 85g :
Nguyn liu
S lng(g)
Bt m
73.3
0.12
0.33
Natri polyphosphate
0.1
Mui n
0.8
Bt mu thc phm
0.03
Du shortening
15.5
Page 13
Gia v
5.5
Bt m
Hnh 2.1: Bt m
Phn loi:
Bt m c ch bin t ht la m. Bt m c 2 loi:
-
khong.
T l (%)
tro Cellulose
Tinh
bt
Protein
Lipid
Pentoza
Ht
100
1,74
68,90
15,51
2,06
6,42
1,51
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0,47
0,13
80,16
10,28
0,25
1,59
Loi I
22,4
0,53
0,22
77,84
11,15
1,20
1,84
Loi II
47,5
1,20
0,48
75,52
14,80
2,02
3,44
Cm
18,4
5,40
8,35
13,80
16,17
4,77
22,02
Thnh phn ho hc ca bt m:
1. Protein:
Trong sn xut m n lin, dai, do ca si m ch yu ph thuc vo
lng gluten trong bt m tc l thnh phn gliadin v glutenin trong bt.
, , (khi lng t 30.00045.000 alton ) v ( khi lng t 60.000 - 80.000 alton).
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Nc.
-
nh sau:
+ Trong sut, khng c v l, khng c vi sinh vt gy bnh .
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20con/l .
+ pH :
6,5 - 7 .
+ cng :
< 7,9mg/l
Shortening.
Vai tr ca shortening:
- Vai tr c bit ca shortening l ngn cn s kt dnh gluten li vi nhau, nh
tng n v to cu trc xp cho sn phm. V vy, shortening c ng dng
nhiu trong cng nghip sn xut m n lin.
-
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Nhc im ca shortening:
- Khi tin hnh hydro ha du m s sinh ra mt loi axit bo xu: Transfat. Transfat
khi i vo c th s lm tng lng cholesterol xu (LDL: low density lipoprotein ) v lm
gim lng cholesterol tt(HDL: high density lipoprotein).
- Axt bo cu hnh Trans cng l mt trong nhng yu t lm tng nguy c mc cc
bnh v tim mch.
Mui.
-
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Nc tro. (kansui)
L dung dch kim NaOH, KOH, Na 2CO3 c pha ch theo t l khc
nhau tu theo tng loi m, tng ni sn xut. Nc tro c tc dng lm tng kh
nng h ho v tng dai ca si m v b sung cc kim loi, tng ln lc ion
c tc dng lm cht khung gluten, nc tro cn c dng trung ho chua
ca bt; gip bt nhanh chn trong giai on hp.
Mt s thnh phn khc nh hnh, tiu, t, du xa t, cht ph gia to mu vng
cho si m ca nhm carotenoids hay mu tng hp tartrazine, v cht chng oxy
ha.
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Bt m
Lm sch
Nc
Ph gia
Nguyn liu
ph
Giai
on
nho
Lm sch
Trn kh
Ha nc trn bt
Nho bt
Giai on
to hnh
Cn
Ct si
Hi nc
ngng
Hp
Hi nc
Giai on
x l
nhit
Thi ngui
Ct nh lng
Ti gia v
Nc gia
v
Qut ro
V khun
Chin
Gia nhit
Lm ngui
ng gi
Shortening
Sy
Bao b
Hon thin
sn phm
Sn phm
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C nh cu trc si m.
Lm mt hot tnh ca cc loi enzyme c trong nguyn liu v tiu dit vi sinh vt.
Lm cho b mt si m nhn.
b. Yu cu
Si m chn u, mm, nhn, c tnh n hi, khng b bt dnh, t mt di v chn
n tn tm ca si.
c. Cch tin hnh
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Thay li hp
-
Khng phun hi nc trc tip qua m m phi phun ln thnh thit b trnh
ng nc trn si m.
To hnh cho vt m.
b. Yu cu
-
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t m bo an ton(thit b h,..)
Kh m bo v sinh(rui,.)
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S bin i ha l trong nguyn liu: trong qu trnh chin, nhit cao s lm cho
nc trong si m chuyn pha, hin tng ny cho si m sau khi chin c m
thp hn so vi si m trc khi chin.
S bin i sinh hc v ha sinh: nhit chin cao s lm v hot bt thun
nghch cc enzyme, v lm gim mt cc vi sinh vt trong si m. V mc
gim s ty thuc vo gi tr nhit v thi gian chin.
Cc bin i ca du chin:
Ngoi s bin i ca si m th trong qu trnh chin cng xy ra s bin i ca du
chin di tc dng ca nhit cao v nht l trong iu kin c oxi li to ra nhng
sn phm khng c li cho sc khe.
- S bin i ha hc:
+u tin l qu trnh thy phn du t triglyceride ln lt to thnh cc sn phm
diglyceride, monoglyceride, ri n glycerol v cc acid bo t do. Cc acid bo t do
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- Qu trnh tin hnh nhit 150-160C. Thi gian lu ca m trong cho chin
khong 100-110 giy. Du s c tun hon lin tc gia cc thit b trao di nhit v
cho chin:
+ Trong cho chin, c h thng bng ti chuyn ng tun hon a cc si m cn
chin vo cho, ng thi tho sn phm chin ra ki cho. Trong qu trnh hot
ng ton b si m s ngp trong du.
+ Trong qu trnh hot ng,khi bng ti vn chuyn nguyn liu vo trong cho chin
th nhit ca shortening s b gim xung. Do , cc nh sn xut s s dng mt
bm khc tho lin tc shortening ra khi cho chin v tun hon shortening tr li
sau khi x l.Trong qu trnh bm, du s c qua thit b lc th v lc tinh loi
b m vn v chy. Hin nay cc nh my sn xut m n lin th c 8 ting ngi ta
thaydu. Du s dng chin c i qua b phn lc ri hi lu tr li v thm du
mi vo th tch cho chin v ng thi ngi ta cho cht chng oxi ha vi
lng qui nh vo du. Nh thit b lc m du chin s lu b oxi ha hn.
Cc cht chng oxi ha c chia thnh 2 nhm: t nhin v tng hp.
+ T nhin: tan trong du nh tocopherol.
+ tng hp: BHA(butylated hydroxyanisol); BHT( butylate hydrotoluen); PG(propyl
gallate); TBHQ(tertiary butylhydroquinone..
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Ngoi phng php ph bin nh nu trn, trong cng nghip thc phm cn s
dng mt phng php chin khc, l chin phun.
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Qu trnh Sy
Mc ch cng ngh:
Sy trong sn xut m n lin khng chin l qu trnh tch nc ra khi si m.
Trong cng nghip thc phm ni chung v trong cng nghip sn xut cc dng
m si ni ring, sy c ng dng rt rng ri lm kh sn phm.
Cc sn phm thc phm u l nhng cht giu dinh dng nn khi m cao v
nhit thch hp th cc vi sinh vt s pht trin nhanh chng lm h sn phm.
M si c lm kh ti m di 13% ri bo qun trong kho sch s v kh
ro ( m khng kh khong 70%) th s gi c lu m cht lng t b thay i. Do
, y l mt khu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut m si.
C. Cc bin i cng ngh:
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- Mc ch bo qun:
+ Trnh vt m ht m t khng kh.
+ Hn ch s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt.
- Hon thin sn phm: tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm
- Thun tin cho vn chuyn
b. Yu cu
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- Gi bt nm: c phi trn theo cng thc thch hp cho tng loi m, gm
cc nguyn liu ch yu sau: bt ngt, mui, tiu, hnh, ng,ti, t, c ci, c
trn u di dng bt kh, sau nh lng v ng thnh tng gi nh khong
3g.
- Gi du sa t: nu nu bng du tinh luyn (du,m) vi cc gia v khc nhau
nh: bt t, ng v hng, ti kh, sau lc ly phn du , nh lng v ng
gi thnh tng gi nh khong 2g.
Qu trnh bao gi c thc hin bi thit b ng gi t ng.
-C hai loi bao b thng s dng: giy king v giy kraft
+ Giy king: thi gian bo qun 6 thng
+ Giy kraft: thi gian bo qun 3 thng
Sau khi ng gi m c xp vo thng, thng c 3 loi thng 30, 50, 100 gi/
thng.
Sn phm m n lin: Tiu chun cht lng sn phm.
Tiu chun cht lng ca m n lin ca Vit Nam c quy nh trong
TCVN5777:2004.
Ch tiu cm quan:
Tn ch tiu
1- Trng thi
Yu cu
Vt m trc khi nu: Nguyn vn, u n,
si m bng u, khng c khuyt tt ng
k.
M sau khi nu: cho nc si vo, sau 4 pht
si m vn dai c trng. Sau 8 pht si m
trng n khng ng k.
2- Mu sc
3- Mi v
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Nc m: mi thm bo c trng ca m v
gia v, c v ngt, khng c v l.
d. Ch tiu ha l
Tn ch tiu
Mc
10
2. m(%)
5.0
15 20
2.0
4.0
6. Hm lng tro khng tan trong acid HCl, tnh theo phn trm cht kh
0.1
2.0
Trong vt m
0.4
Trong du sa t
0.5
Loi gi
70g
85g
1000g
10
MY MC THIT B
Cc thit b cn c trong sn xut m n lin gm c:
1. H thng sng lc bt.
Page 41
Ch thch:
ng c
Trc quay
Cnh khuy
Thit b trn
NGUYN LIU
Page 42
cnh
khuy. C hai trc quay gn song song vi nhau, trn mi trc c gn 25 cnh khuy. Cnh
khuy trn hai trc xp so le vi nhau 720. Hai trc quay c l nh vo mt ng c c
cng sut 11 KW. Trn ca thng c ng hnh tr khoan l phun nc soup vo khi
bt
Nguyn l hot ng
Ci trn bt hot ng theo kiu gin on. Cho bt m vo theo trng lng xc
nh (theo cng thc ca lch sn xut). ng np ci trn bt li, m cng tc khi ng
ng c. Trn bt kh khong 3-5 giy, sau m van x nc soup theo liu lng nh
sn. Trn bt n khi t dai, do nht nh th dng li, thng t 15 20 pht, thi
gian trn c n nh bi rle thi gian.
Thi gian trn bt khng nn qu ngn v s khng to ng u v mu sc
cng nh m ca khi bt nho, v cng khng nn qu di v s to nn nhiu l kh
trong khi bt lm b mt tm bt khng bng phng cho gia on cn p sau ny.
Mt s thng s k thut ca ci:
- ng c: 11 KW
-
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Trong :
N l lng nc trn (lt).
B: khi lng bt cn trn (kg).
W1: m ca bt trc khi trn (%).
W2: m ca bt sau khi trn (%).
Ch : lng nc N bao gm dung dch nc trn v nc cho thm vo
My cn bt
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Cn th gm c 2 cp trc:
L1 = L2 = 5 mm.
Bn th gm 1 cp trc:
L 3 = 4mm.
Bn tinh gm 3 cp trc:
L 4 = 3-3,5 mm.
L5 = 2-2,5mm.
L6 = 1,2-1,5mm.
Cn tinh gm c 2 cp trc:
L7 = 1-1,2mm
L8 = 0,8-0,9mm
My ct
My ct si gm hai trc chuyn ng ngc chiu v n khp vi nhau. Ty theo tng
loi m m nh my dng my ct si vi cc trc c bc rng ph hp:
- i vi m si nh: bc rng l 1.25 mm
- i vi m si ln: bc rng l 2 mm.
Khe h gia 2 trc c th iu chnh c bi vt iu chnh. Chiu di trc dao ct
si l 500mm.
o
ngc
Bopha
ntruye
no
ng
Hnh3: Sdoca
utaodaoca
t si
Page 46
Hnh my ct
dao
= 0,33-0,48m/s;
Vli = 0,08-0,1m/s.
Page 47
Phng hp c dng hnh hp ch nht lm bng inox, c cch nhit bng bng
thy tinh, kch thc di x rng x cao: 7 x 0.8 x 0.9 (m). Cc ca bn c th m ra d dng
thun tin cho vic v sinh thit b.
Bng ti m c b tr thnh 3 chng i trong phng hp 3 tng. Mi tng ca
phng hp u c ng dn hi b tr dc chiu di. Cc ng ny c c l phun hi gia
nhit cho m. Hai u phng hp c ng thot hi th ra ngoi.
Nguyn l hot ng
Phng hp l thit b truyn nhit hai v, kiu tip xc trc tip.
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Hnh 2.10: My ng gi
My ng gi gm cc b phn chnh sau:
Xch nh v: l xch ti trn c cc thanh chn nhm nh v cc vt m trc khi
ng gi.
Ngm p dc: ngm c gia nhit nng in tr, c nhim v p v hn kn mp
dc ca cun giy.
Ngm p ngang v dao ct: p v hn ngang giy theo tng on nht nh, sau
kt hp ct ri ch va hn to thnh tng gi m ring bit.
My in: gm bnh cha mc in v vi phun. Vi phun s ht mc t bnh cha mc
v in date ln bao b m bng phng php phun.
Nguyn l hot ng:
M t h thng lm ngui theo bng ti c xp ln lt vo xch nh v ri
chuyn ng theo xch nh v vo ng v tr bao khi ng gi. Bao b c gp li v
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My sy
My sy bng ti
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Ha cht E102
Tng qut
E102 l k hiu ch cht nhum mu nhn to Tartrazine. y l cht bt mu vng, tan
trong nc c s dng lm cht to mu khng ch trong ngnh sn, mc in, nha, da
m cn xut hin trong m phm, dc phm v c bit l thc phm.
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Tc hi
Trn th gii, lin tip c nhng cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc vi tin cy cao khng
nh s c hi ca phm mu vng E102 trong thc phm vi sc khe ngi tiu dng.
Cc nh nghin cu ti i hc Southampton (Anh) ch ra:
Phm mu vng E102 c trong ch n s lm tng s hiu ng thi qu v gy km
tp trung tr 3 tui v 8-9 tui.
Ti Australia, mt nghin cu khc a ra kt lun v s thay i hnh vi kh chu,
bn chn v ri lon gic ng ca tr c lin quan n vic s dng E102.
Khng ch tc ng ti tr em l nhng i tng c sc khng yu, phm mu vng
E102 cn c nguy c gy tn thng nghim trng n sc khe sinh sn ca nam gii.
Ti M, trong mt nghin cu khoa hc thc hin trn chut c c tim Tartrazine, kt
qu cho thy: S lng tinh trng gim v gy nn nhng bt thng v hnh thi ca tinh
trng. Nghin cu ny c cng b trn Tp ch "Dc hc v c dc" uy tn ti M
gy bng hong d lun bi nu s dng sn phm c cht ny, rt c th gy hu qu
khn lng cho con ngi trong tng lai.
Page 55
Ban K thut Codex quc t v ph gia thc phm (CCFA) ang hon thin cc iu
khon quy nh mc ti a ca E102 cho khong 80 loi thc phm thuc cc nhm khc
nhau.
Nhiu tiu chun Codex c nu r mc ti a trong sn phm. Tiu chun Codex cho m
n lin (Codex stan 249-2006 Codex standard for instant noodles) quy nh mc ti a cho
Tartrazine l 300mg/kg.
Vit Nam
Ban K thut v ph gia thc phm ca y ban Codex Vit Nam hp v kt lun: Phm
mu E102 c JECFA cng nh Hi ng khoa hc thuc C quan An ton thc
phm chu u (EFSA) nghin cu nh gi nhiu ln trn c s cc bng chng khoa hc
v thc nghim u thng nht quy nh mc n vo hng ngy chp nhn c (ADI) l
7,5mg/kg th trng/ngy. E102 vn nm trong danh mc cc cht ph gia thc phm ca
Codex (cp nht 2010) vi s hiu INS102, c quy nh c tnh k thut, mc ADI=7,5.
Lu khi s dng
Khng nn n m n lin vi s lng trn trong mt thi gian di v s tch ly ca cht
E102 trong c th s gy hi.
Ty theo tui c khu phn n hp l. c bit, khng nn cho tr em n nhiu m
n lin lin tc trong mt thi gian di, cc bc ph huynh nn thay i thnh phn ba n
tng thm cht dinh dng v b sung nhiu cht thay v vic ch s dng m n lin.
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KT LUN
S ra i ca m n lin nm 1958 bi ng Momofuku Ando v ang tc ng rt ln
n cuc sng con ngi. M n lin tr thnh mt thc phm n lin hu dng, tin li v
ngy cng khng th thiu i vi hu ht ngi tiu dng. Vi s ci tin khng ngng v
quy trnh sn xut cng cc trang thit b, sn phm m n lin ngy mt hon thin hn,
p ng c nhu cu v cm quan v cht lng ca hu ht ngi s dng. Tuy nhin,
m n lin vn cn tim n mt s mi nguy i vi sc khe con ngi v s thiu cn
bng v dinh dng. Do , ngi tiu dng nn s dng m n lin ng cch bo v
Page 58
2. L Vn Vit Mn,
TI LIU INTERNET
2.
http://community.h2vn.com
3.
http://diendandaihoc.vn
4.
http://violet.vn
5.
http://doanhnhansaigon.vn
6.
http://www.khoahoc.com.vn
7.
http://vietbao.vn
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