Fluid Mechanics

Dr Farid Khan
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Notch
Is used for the measurement of discharge in tanks/reservoirs

An opening in one side of a tank or a reservoir, with the liquid level below the top edge of the opening
The bottom edge, over which the liquid flows, is known as sill or crest of the notch A notch is, usually made of a metallic plate and is used to measure the discharge of liquids.

Notch

Notch Types

Trapezoidal notch

Rectangular notch

triangular notch

Stepped notch

Flow over rectangular notch

dQth bdh 2 gh
dQact Cd bdh 2 gh
H

Qact Cd b 2 g h dh
0

Qact

2 Cd b 2 g h 3

H 2 0

Qact

3 2 Cd b 2 g H 2 3

H = Height of water above sill of notch b = Width or length of the notch Cd = Coefficient of discharge
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Flow over Triangular notch

dQth bdh 2 gh
dQact Cd bdh 2 gh
b 2 H h tan 2 2
b

b 2H h tan

dQact 2Cd H h tan

2 ghdh

H = Height of water above apex of the notch Cd = Coefficient of discharge

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Flow over Triangular notch dQact 2Cd H h tan 2 ghdh 2

Qact 2Cd tan 2 2 g H h h dh
0 3 2 H

Qact

2 2Cd tan 2 g Hh 2 3

2 h 5

H 2 0

Qact

5 8 Cd tan 2g H 2 2 15

Flow over trapezoidal notch

Q Qrect Qtri
H = Height of water above sill of notch b = Width of rectangular portion of the notch Cd1 = Coefficient of discharge for the rectangular portion Cd2 = Coefficient of discharge for the triangular portion
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Flow over trapezoidal notch

Q Qrect Qtri

3 5 2 8 2 2 Q Cd 1b 2 g H Cd 2 2 g H tan 3 15 2

Flow over stepped notch

H1 = Height of the liquid above the sill of notch 1 b1 = Breadth of notch 1 H2, b2 = Corresponding values for notch 2, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge for both the notches

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Flow over stepped notch

Qact Q1 Q2

Qact

3 3 3 2 2 2 2 H 2 Cd b1 2 g H1 Cd b2 2 g H 2 1 3 3

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