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PHNG PHP LP TRNH CHO PLC

Gii thiu: Mnh xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt phng php lp trnh PLC rt l kinh in nhng rt hiu qu trn thc t m hnh nh mnh thy t bn bit: Phng php lp trnh tun t. Nh tn gi ca n, phng php ny c p dng hiu qu trong qu trnh lp trnh cc qu trnh iu khin tun t, ht bc 1 th chuyn sang bc 2.. ln lt ti bc n. Do phng php ny cc k hiu qu vi vic lp trnh cc trm trong mn MPS ca ngnh C in t. Trc tin, mnh s nu ln u im ca phng php ny cc bn hng th theo di. Th nht l phng php ny rt d vit, v d c chng trnh. Khi bn bit cch ri th vit rt nhanh (hu nh ch copy, paste v edit thi). Th hai l phng php ny khng dng SET v RESET. Nu cc bn lp trnh PLC ri th cc bn cng bit l khi dng SET v RESET th mnh phi kim sot lung chng trnh rt cht ch. Khng th n mu thun vi nhau v b sai ngay. Th ba l phng php ny rt hiu qu (mnh dng t kinh in ni v n). c bit l mn Thc tp PLC (cc bi vi Pittong Xilanh kh nn) hoc MPS th y l phng php s 1! Qung co nhiu qu ri, by gi xin gii thiu cch lp trnh theo phng php ny.

L thuyt: Bc 1: Vit quy trnh v tm tt quy trnh hot ng. Quy trnh c th bn s nhn c trn bi, trn yu cu do gio vin a ra hoc bn s phi vit li theo yu cu thc t ca bi ton iu khin (V d nh mn MPS th bn phi vit li theo Quy trnh hot ng ca tng trm). Nn s dng cc k hiu ngn gn v d gi nh vit tm tt quy trnh ny. Chia tng cho quy trnh (mi tng l n gin l thc hin mt thao tc hoc nhiu thao tc song song (din ra cng mt lc). Bc 2: Lp trnh nui cc bin nh tm (nh du tng ang thc hin). Bc ny c thc hin nh sau: u tin l iu kin bt u mt tng. Thng th tng mi c bt u khi tng c hon thnh xong nhim v ca n. V d iu kin bt u tng 2 l ang tng 1 v gp cng tc hnh trnh no (bo hiu thc hin xong nhim v) Tip theo l PH NH (Not) ca cc iu kin kt thc tng (thng l tng tip theo c bt u hoc khi nhn nt Stop, Reset..). Cng xin c nhc li nh lut DeMorgan: ~(A.B.C) = ~A+ ~B + ~C ~(A+B+C) = (~A).(~B).(~C) V d: iu kin ngt tng 2 l: tng 3 c thc thi HOC nt Stop c nhn. Di dng biu thc, ta c: DKNT = TANG3 + STOP. Vy PH NH ca iu kin ny l ~DKNT= ~TANG3 . ~STOP. Hay din t di dng cu ch th l (Not ca TANG3) AND vi (Not ca nt STOP). Not ca TANG3 lun l tip im thng ng NC cn Not ca nt nhn th cn ty thuc vo nt nhn loi g. (Hnh nh ny dng cho nt Stop thng ng NC)

iu kin ngt tng 2 v Not iu kin ngt tng 2 Cui cng l ly tip im t nui n. Tip im c a vo trong chng trnh song song vi iu kin bt u mt tng.

Bc 3: Tp hp cc trng hp cho ng ra vt l (cc c cu chp hnh). Gi s TANG 1, TANG 3 tc ng ti c cu chp hnh

V d thc t: Ly v d trm 1 ca h thng MPS vit chng trnh v gii thch cho cc bn d hnh dung. (Cc bn khng phi l sinh vin ngnh C in t hoc cha tip xc vi trm ny th cc bn ng lo, ti s trnh by c th). , cng ni r l quy trnh hot ng ca trm ny do ngi vit t ra (c th khng ging trn lp hc u nh!).

Gii thch phn cng: Trm ny thc hin nhim v cung cp phi. * Trm c 3 c cu chp hnh: Mt Xy lanh kh nn y phi ra v kp phi, Xy lanh ny hot ng c iu khin bi mt Valse kh nn. N hot ng th ny: bn cp 24V cho cun dy iu khin ca Valse th Xy lanh s y phi ra, bn gi nguyn 24V cho cun dy iu khin th Xy lanh vn gi nguyn trng thi kp phi; bn ngt in, Xy lanh i v, khng kp phi na. Mt tay gp s dng kh nn. Tay gp ny c iu khin bi mt Valse kh nn. Tay ny hot ng nh sau: khi bn cp in cho cun Y1 (tm gi nh vy) th tay my i v pha c phi ( ly phi). Khi bn cp in cho cun Y2 th tay my s i v phatrm 2 ( cp phi cho trm ny). Khi bn ngng cp in hay cp in ng thi c 2 cun dy th tay my s ng yn ti v tr ang ng. Mt gic ht chn khng ht phi. N c hai cun dy iu khin. Cp in cho mt cun th n s ht phi (to chn khng ht). Cp in cho cun cn li th n s nh phi ra.

* Trm cn c ba nt nhn iu khin: Start (thng h - NO). Stop (thng ng - NC). Reset (thng h - NO).

* Cm bin c dng trong trm Trm dng 1 cm bin quang pht hin c vt ti v tr ng cha phi. Cm bin ny thng ng NC. Bnh thng khng c phi, bn pht pht ra nh sng, bn thu s nhn c nn c mc Logic ng ra l mc 1 (mc cao). Khi c phi trong ng cha phi th n chn nh sng ny lm bn thu khng nhn c nh sng nn n s c ng ra l mc 0 (mc thp). thun tin cho s dng, ti t k hiu l cm bin COVAT. Xy lanh y vt c hai Cng tc hnh trnh pht hin ht hnh trnh (i ra ht hoc i v ht). Hai cm bin ny l cm bin in t (mnh nh man mn vy). Tc l n s nhn bit c Nam chm. trong Xy lanh kh nn ngi ta c b tr ming nam chm cui xy lanh. Khi xy lanh i ti ht hnh trnh th s tc ng ln cc cm bin c b tr . Cng tc khi Pittong i ht v pha y ra v kp phi ti s k hiu l KEP v khi pittong i ht hnh trnh v pha ngc li ti ky hiu l KHONGKEP. Tay gp c hai cng tc hnh trnh bo kt thc hnh trnh. Cng tc ny l tip im C kh. Khi tay gp i ti cui hnh trnh th n s cc cng tc ny. Cng tc hnh trnh b tc ng khi tay gp v tr c phi ti k hiu l VETRAM1, v cng tc b tc ng khi tay gp v tr pha bn trm 2 ti k hiu l QUATRAM2. Gic ht c mt cm bin pht hin ht c vt. Cm bin ny thc ra l mt cm bin p sut. Nu p xut nh hn mt p xut gi tr nht nh th ng ra s ln mc 1 (cao). Ti k hiu cng tc ny l COHUT. M t phn cng nh vy l r rng ri phi khng cc bn? Tuy n hi chn mt cht nhng rt cn thit cho vic theo di chng trnh v sau.

Phng php lp trnh: bc tng bc * Bc 1: Xc nh quy trnh lm vic v tm tt li quy trnh. A, Quy trnh lm vic nh sau: Ban u, tay gp v tr phi, gic ht khng ht vt v Xy lanh y phi khng y phi ra. Khi bn nhn Start. Nu c phi v tr cp phi th quy trnh s din ra theo trnh t nh sau: 1, Tay gp i qua v tr trm 2. 2, Xy lanh y phi i ra v kp phi. 3, Tay gp quay v pha trm 1 4, Bt gic ht ln ht phi. 5, Xy lanh lui v (khng kp phi na) 6, Tay gp i v pha trm 2. 7, Nh phi ra. 8, Tay gp tr li v tr ban u (trm 1) khng lm cn tr hot ng ca trm 2. Kt thc chu trnh. Chu trnh c th tip tc khi bn nhn nt Start. B, K hiu cc c cu chp hnh: Xy lanh kp phi: A Qu trnh kp phi l A+ Tr v (khng kp phi na) l ATay gp : B i qua pha trm 2 : B+ i v v tr cp phi (i v pha trm 1): BGic ht : C Ht vt : C+ Nh vt : CC, Tm tt quy trnh hot ng v chia tng :

y Xy lanh kp vt trong sut qu trnh tay gp tr v v qu trnh ht vt nn A+ c thc hin song song vi B- v C+ tng th 3 v tng 4

* Bc 2: Lp trnh nui cc bin nh tm (cc tng) Cc tng y chnh l cc bin nh tm M

iu kin bt u tng 1 din ra khi ang c vt pht hin bi cm bin COVAT (tip im thng ng NC) V (AND) vi nhn nt Start. iu kin kt thc tng 1 l tng 2 bt u HOC (OR) nhn nt Stop (thng ng - NC). Chng ta phi ly PH NH ca iu kin kt thc tng a vo Ladder. Vy network ca tng 1 c vit nh sau :

Tng t, iu kin bt u tng 2 l ang tng 1 v tay gp vt B i qua ti trm 2 (tc ng cng tc hnh trnh QUATRAM2) iu kin kt thc tng 2 l bt u sang tng 3 hoc nt Stop c nhn. Ta c network cho tng 2 nh sau :

Tng t, iu kin bt u tng 3 l ang tng 2 v Xy lanh y phi y phi ra n v tr cho tay gp thc hin gp v kp phi (cm bin KEP c tc ng) iu kin kt thc tng 3 l bt u sang tng 4 hoc nt Stop c nhn. Ta c network cho tng 3 nh sau :

Bn d dng nhn thy l mi mt thi im ch c mt tng duy nht c thc hin. Khi tng 2 c thc hin, n ngt tng 1 (pha trc n). V khi tng 2 thc hin xong (xy lanh y phi ra xong) th tng 3 bt u v tng 3 s ngt tng 2. Bn cng d dng rt ra nhn xt l : cc network ny na n ging nhau, nn bn ch cn Copy, Paste v Edit cho ph hp m thi (nh Edit cn thn nh, edit st hay nhm l khng chy c u) Tng t cho cc network, cc tng khc

* Bc 3: T hp cc tng iu khin cc c cu chp hnh Gi s ta c phn k hiu cho cc c cu chp hnh nh sau :

Trong quy trnh bc 1, ta thy thao tc A+ tc ng vo xy lanh y phi ra v kp phi v tr c thc hin cc tng 2, tng 3, tng 4. Do , ta c network nh sau:

y, A+ l mt ng ra ca PLC tc ng ti cun dy y phi ra Thao tc A- tng 5 khng cn tc ng ti ng ra no, v ch cn ngt in cun dy A+ th xy lanh s t ng li v Thao tc B- cn c thc hin tng 3 v 8 nn ta c network sau:

Tip tc cho tt c cc c cu chp hnh khc

Kt thc: By gi th chng trnh ca bn cng xong ri. Khng h dng ti mt php Set hoc Reset no, nhng vn rt lgic, hp l. V ti m bo vi bn l c th chy tt na! Cc bn c lm th, nht l cc bn ang hc thc tp MPS. V cho mnh bit kt qu nh. Vit mt qu tri, cng phi bit mnh vit c gip c g cho cc bn khng ch ! V nu cha ng, cha hay th cng bit ch no cn sa li na. Nu cc bn ng h th mnh s vit tip mt s ch khc na nh PCS hay Vi iu khin AVR... Cc bn nh Comment cho mnh nha ! Chc vui! (Blog: Hic! Hn 2h sng ri, i ng thi. Vit say sa t chiu ti gi, cn ng qun o cha git na ch.. M vit nhiu qu, khng bit c ai c ht khng na? Hehe.. M d sao i na cng xong ri, vui gh...!)

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