Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Sn

Th thut lm bi trc nghim phn v c v i cng

BI 1. TH THUT LM BI TRC NGHIM V C V I CNG TI LIU BI GING

1. Cu to nguyn t v nh lut tun hon - bi cho tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t < 52, tm s e, p hay Z : Ta ly tng chia 3, chn s nguyn nh hn, gn nht. V d 1: Tng s ht c bn ca mt nguyn t l 52, s khi ca nguyn t l: A. 37. B. 34. C. 38. D. 35. Ta c s P = 52/3 17. N = 52 17.2 = 18; A = 17 + 18 = 35: D - bi yu cu lp CTPT t hai nguyn t: t chn mt v d mt nguyn t quen thuc c cu hnh e tng t. V d 3: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l A. 50,00%. B. 27,27%. C. 60,00%. D. 40,00%. V d 4: Cng thc phn t ca X vi hiro l H2X. Trong H2X : %m X

X .100 94,12 X 2

X 32 (S)

Cng thc phn t trong oxit cao nht ca X l XO3 :

%m X

32 .100 40, 00% 32 3.16

- So snh tnh cht ca cc n cht v hp cht: chn mt s bin i lm mc, cc s bin i khc ngc nhau gia chu k v nhm.

BNG TUN HON

Tnh kim loi gim

V d 5: Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l A. P, N, F, O. B. N, P, F, O. C. P, N, O, F. D. N, P, O, F. 2. Phn ng oxi ho kh - Xc nh sn phm ca phn ng theo s thay i s oxi ho: phn ng lun km theo ng thi s tng v gim mc oxi ho - Cn bng nhanh cc phn ng oxi ho kh V d 1: Hy cho bit, phn ng no sau y HCl ng vai tr l cht oxi ha ? A. Fe + KNO3 + 4HCl FeCl3 + KCl + NO + 2H2O. B. MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O. C. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2. D. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O. V d 2: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: (I) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (II) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch H2S. (III) Sc hn hp kh NO2 v O2 vo nc. (IV) Cho MnO2 vo dung dch HCl c, nng. (V) Cho Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. (VI) Cho SiO2 vo dung dch HF. S th nghim c phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l A. 6. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. 2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi ha v tnh V d 3: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu kh l
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 1 -

Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Sn

Th thut lm bi trc nghim phn v c v i cng

A. 7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6. 3. Dung dch, s in li V d 1: C 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha mt cation v mt loi anion. Cc loi ion trong c 4 dung dch gm: Ca2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, Na+, SO42-, Cl-, CO32-, NO3-. l 4 dung dch g ? A. BaCl2, MgSO4, Na2CO3, Pb(NO3)2. B. BaCO3, MgSO4, NaCl, Pb(NO3)2. C. BaCl2, PbSO4, MgCl2, Na2CO3. D. Mg(NO3)2, BaCl2, Na2CO3, PbSO4. S dng phng php loi tr: cc cht BaCO3. PbSO4 khng tan. V d 2: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn? A. 1,8. B. 1,5. C. 1,2. D. 2,0. V d 3 (A-2009): C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2, Cr(NO3)3, K2CO3, Al(NO3)3. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, s ng nghim c kt ta l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. 4. Cc phi kim quan trng - Tnh cht ca cc hp cht quan trng ca phi kim nh NH3; HsS; SO2 c xc nh theo s thay i s oxi ho. - Khi xt phn ng gia hai cht nu ko c cc cht oxi ho v kh in hnh, ta xc nh thao tnh axit ba ca cc ion. - Cht c tnh oxi ho cng mnh th tnh kh ca ion cng yu. V d 1: Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t tng dn tnh kh: S, SO2, H2S, Br2, Cl2 A. Br2 < Cl2 < H2S < S < SO2 B. H2S < S < SO2 < Br2 < Cl2 C. Cl2 < Br2 < SO2< S < H2S D. SO2< S < H2S < Cl2 < Br2 V d 2: NH3 c phn ng vi tt c cc cht trong nhm cht no sau y? A. H2SO4, KNO3, SO2, Cl2. B. H2SO4, AgCl, CuO, Cl2. C. H2SO4, FeCl3, O2, NaOH. D. KNO3, Na, O2, CuSO4. 5. Kim loi - Khi cho Fe hoc hn hp kim loi c Fe tc dng vi dung dch mui m sau kim loi cn d th thu c Fe2+. - Khi cho hn hp kim loi tc dng hn hp mui, s lng sn phm thu c xc nh theo dy in ho. - La chn mt phng n th. V d 1: Cho hn hp kim loi Mg, Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X gm 3 mui v cht rn Y gm ba kim loi. Ba mui trong X l A. Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3 B. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 C. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3 D. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2 V d 2 (A-2009): Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. C. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. V d 3: Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim loi M l A. NO v Mg. B. NO2 v Al. C. N2O v Al. D. N2O v Fe. V d 4: Kh hon ton 4,06 gam mt oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thnh kim loi. Dn ton b kh sinh ra vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy to thnh 7 gam kt ta. Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra ho tan ht vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,176 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cng thc oxit kim loi l A. FeO. B. Fe3O4. C. CuO. D. Cr2O3. V d 5 (B-2009): Cho 3,024 gam kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml kh NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim loi M l A. NO v Mg. C. N2O v Al. HD: M N O x y B. NO2 v Al. D. N2O v Fe.

0,9408 0, 042 (mol) 22, 4 Theo phng php bo ton electron, n e nhn = 8n N 2 O = 0,336 mol.

22.2

44

N 2O ; n N 2 O

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

- Trang | 2 -

Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Sn

Th thut lm bi trc nghim phn v c v i cng

Gi n l s electron m M nhng, ta c ne = Ta c

3,024.n mol. M

3, 024.n = 0,336 M

M = 9n; n = 3 v M = 27 (Al)

V d 6 (B-2010): Cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng x mol/l, thu c dung dch Y v 4,68 gam kt ta. Loi b kt ta, thm tip 175 ml dung dch KOH 1,2M vo Y, thu c 2,34 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l A. 1,2. HD. Bi ton tr thnh: 150+175 = 325 ml KOH1,2M + 100 ml AlCl3 xM thu c 4,68 + 2,43 gam kt ta vi lu rng y l lng OH- ln nht cn cho phn ng: OH- max = 4Al3+ - Al(OH)3 Tnh c Al3+ = (0,325.1,2 + 0,09)/4 = 0,12. x = 1,2. V d 7 (A-2010). Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l A. K v Ba. B. Li v Be. C. Na v Mg. D. K v Ca. HD. Gi s ch l KLK. nhh = 2.0,25 = 0,5; M = 7,1/0,5 = 14,2 Gi s ch l KLKT. nhh = 0,25 = 0,25; M = 7,1/0,25 = 28,4 Vy 14,2 < M < 28,4. Ch c Na v Mg ph hp V d 8 (C 2010) Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c V lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta, lc ht lng kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,448 B. 0,224 C. 1,344 HD.
Al Al2 O3 HCl H2 : V (lit) NaAlO2 NH3 Al(OH) 3 Al2O3

B. 0,8.

C. 0,9.

D. 1,0.

D. 0,672

- p dng phng php tng gim khi lng : khi lng O2 = 2,04 - 1,56 = 0,48. - p dng phng php mol: S mol 2H2 = 4O2; H2 = 0,03 V = 0,672 V d 9 (C-2010) Cho hn hp gm 6,72 gam Mg v 0,8 gam MgO tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,896 lt mt kh X (ktc) v dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 46 gam mui khan. Kh X l A. N2O. B. NO2. C. N2. NO. HD. S mol Mg(NO3)2 = Mg + MgO = 0,28 + 0,02 = 0,3 mol. Khi lng mui = 0,3.148 = 44,4 gam Khi lng NH4NO3 = 1,6; n = 0,02 Bo ton e: 2.Mg = 8.NH4NO3 + a.X Tm c a = 10: N2 Gio vin: Phm Ngc Sn Ngun: Hocmai.vn

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

- Trang | 3 -