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Tp hp con
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d:
.2- Tp hp cc s t nhin. Ghi s t nhin
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
3- Php cng v php nhn
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
4- Php tr v php chia
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
5- Lu tha vi s m t nhin
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
6. Th t thc hin php tnh
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
7 Tnh cht chia ht ca mt tng
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
8 Du hiu chia ht cho 2, cho 5
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
1
a
a :b =
b
n
b) 339 v 1121
Bi 4: So snh hai hiu, hiu no ln hn?
a) 7245 7243 v 7244 7243
Bi 5. Tm xN, bit:
a) 16x < 1284
b) 5x.5x+1.5x+2 100..........0 :218
18 ch s 0
2
3
Bi 6: Cho S = 1 + 2+ 2 + 2 + ... + 29.
So snh S vi 5.28.
Bi 7: Gi m l s cc s c 9 ch s m trong cch ghi
ca n khng c ch s 0. Hy so snh m v 10.98.
Bi 8: Hy vit s ln nht bng cch dng 3 ch s 1,2,3
vi iu kin mi ch s dng mt v ch mt ln.
Bi tp b sung
Chuyn 2:
Ch s tn cng ca mt tch ca mt lu tha:
I/ L thuyt
1. Tm ch s tn cng ca mt tch.
- Tch cc s l l 1 s l.
- Tch ca mt s l c tn cng l 5 vi bt k s l no
cng c tn cng l 5.
- Tch ca mt s chn vi bt k s t nhin no cng
l mt s chn.
2. Tm ch s tn cng ca mt lu tha .
- Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng 0,1,5,6 khi nng ln
lu tha bt k (khc 0 ) vn gi nguyn ch s tn cng
ca n.
- Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng ch s 3,7,9 nng ln
lu tha 4n u c tn cng l 1.
...34n = ...1
...74n = ...1
...94n = ...1
- Cc s t nhin c tn cng bng ch s 2,2,8 nng ln
lu tha 4n (n 0) u c tn cng l 6.
...24n = ...6
...44n = ...6
...84n = ...6
( Ring i vi cc s t nhin c ch s tn cng l 4 hoc
9, khi nng ln lu tha l u c ch s tn cng l
chnh n; khi nng ln lu tha chn c ch s tn cng
ln lt l 6 v 1.)
3
II/ Bi tp
Bi 1: Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau.
7430 ; 4931 ; 8732 ; 5833 ; 2335.
Bi 2: Tm hai ch s tn cng ca s 5n.(n>1)
Bi 3: Chng t cc tng hiu sau chia ht cho 10.
a) A = 98.96.94.92 91.93.95.97
b) B = 405n+ 2405 + m (m , n N ; n 0)
Bi 4: Tm ch s tn cng ca cc s sau:
7
5
a) 23456
b) 57967
Bi 5: Tm cc s l lin tip c tn cng l 7. Hi tch
c bao nhiu tha s?
Bi 6: Tch 2.22.23.....210 . 52.54.56....514 .
Tn cng bng bao nhiu ch s 0?
Bi 7: Cho S = 1 + 31+ 32 + 33 + ... + 330 .
Tm ch s tn cng ca S, t suy ra S khng phi l
s chnh phng.
Bi tp b sung
Chuyn 3
S nguyn t. Hp s
Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
1. Xc nh s lng cc c ca mt s:
Nu M phn tch ra tha s nguyn t c M =
x
a .by...cz th s cc c ca M l (x+1)(y+1)...(z+1).
2. Khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t, s chnh phng
ch cha cc tha s nguyn t vi s m chn.
3. Tnh cht chia ht lin qua n s nguyn t.
Nu tch ab chia ht cho s nguyn t p th hoc a M
p hoc b Mp.
c bit nu anMp th aMp
III/ V d: 1. Tm hai s nguyn t bit tng ca chng
bng 601
2. Cho A = 5 + 52+53+ ...+5100.
a) S A l s nguyn t hay hp s
b) S A c phi l s chnh phng khng?
4
n ch s1 n ch s1
Chuyn 4
Nguyn l iricl v bi ton chia ht
Bi 155: Chng minh rng trong 11 s t nhin bt k bao gi
cng c t nht hai s c hai ch s tn cng ging nhau.
Bi 154: Chng minh rng tn ti mt bi ca 13 gm ton
ch s 2.
Bi 154: Cho dy s : 10; 102; 103; ...;1020.
Chng minh rng tn ti mt s chia 19 d 1.
Bi 158: Chng minh rng tn ti mt s l bi ca 19 c tng
cc ch s bng 19.
Bi 159: Cho ba s l. Chng minh rng tn ti hai s c tng
cc ch s bng 19.
Bi 160: Cho ba s nguyn t ln hn 3. Chng minh rng tn
ti hai s c tng hoc hiu chia ht cho 12.
Bi 161: Chng minh rng trong ba s t nhin bt k lun
chn c hai s c tng chia ht cho 4.
Bi 162: Cho by s t nhin bt k, chng minh rng ta lun
chon c ba
s c tng chia ht cho 4.
Bi 163: Cho nm s t nhin bt k, chng minh rng ta lun
chn c ba
s c tng chia ht cho 3.
Bi 164: Cho 5 s t nhin l bt k, chng minh rng ta
lun chn c
n tp chng I
Bi 166: Thc hin php tnh bng cch hp l nht.
a) 19 + 19 +...+19 + 77 + 77 + ...+77
23 s hng
19 s hng
b) 1000! . (456.789789 789.456456)
Bi 167: Cho biu thc 252 84: 21 + 7
a) Tnh gi tr biu thc
b) Nu dng du ngoc th c th c nhng gi tr no
khc.
10
Bi 168: Tm x bit:
a) x + (x + 1) + (2+x) +..+(x+30) = 1240
b) 1 + 2 + 3 +...+x = 210
Bi 169: Chin thng ng a vo ma xn nm 1978. Trong
h m CAN CHI nm l nm no?
Bi 170: Chng minh:
a) 10n + 53 M9
b) 4343 -1717 M10
2n ch s 5
Bi 171: Tm s t nhin nh nht sso cho chia n cho 17 d
5 ; chia n cho 9 d 12
Bi 172: Ngy 1 thng 2 nm 2003 l ngy th 7.
a) Hi ngy 1 thng 3 ; ngy 1 thng 4 ca nm ny l ngy
th my?
b) Ngy 1 thng 2 nmm 2004 l ngy th my?
Bi 173: Cho A = 4 + 42 + 43 + ...+ 423 + 424 . Chng minh :
A M20 ; A M21 ; A M420
Bi 174: Cho n = 29k vi k N. Vi gi tr no ca k th n l :
a) S nguyn t.
b) L hp s.
Bi 175: Tm x, y N bit (x+1)(2y-5) = 143.
Bi 176: Cho a l hp s, khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t
ch cha hai s nguyn t khc nhau p1 v p2. Bit a3 c tt
c 40 c hi a2 c bao nhiu c ?
Bi 177: Tm a N bit 355 chia a d 13 v 836 chia cho a
th d .
11
1. Tp hp Z cc s nguyn. Th t trong Z
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 180.
Bi 180
Bi 183: Cho A = {x Z | x > -9}
B = {x Z | x < - 4}
C = {x Z | x - 2}
Tm A B ; B C ; C A
b) | x | > 21
d) | x | < -1
Bi tp b sung
y { -1 ; 1; 0; 1; ...; 5}
Bit : x + y = 3.
193. Tnh nhanh :
a) -37 + 54 + (-70) + (-163) + 256
b) 359 + 181 + (-123) + 350 + (-172)
c) 69 + 53 + 46 + (-94) + (-14) +78
194. Tnh tng cc s nguyn x bit:
a) 17 x 18
b) |x| < 25
195. Cho S1 = 1 + (-3) +5 +(-7) + ...+17
S2 = -2 +4 +(-6) +...+(-18)
Tnh tng S1 + S2
196. Cho x v y l nhng s nguyn t c 3 ch s. Tm gi
tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca tng x + y.
197. Chng minh rng s i ca tng hai s bng tng hai
s i ca chng.
198.Cho |x| = 5 ; |y| = 11. Tnh x + y
199*. Cho x, y l hai s nguyn cng du . Tnh + y bit |x| +
|y| = 10.
200. Tnh tng :
a) S1 = a + |a| vi a Z.
b) S2 = a + |a| + a + |a| + ...+ a vi a Z- v c 101 s
hng.
201*. Cho 18 s nguyn sao cho tng ca 6 s bt k trong
cc s u l mt s m. Gii thch v sao tng ca 18
13
Tm x v y ?
206. Tm x Z bit :
a) |x + 8| = 6
b) | x+ a | = a vi a Z.
207. Tm x Z , bit:
1 < | x 2| < 4.
208. Tm x, y Z, bit | x + 35 40 | + | y + 10 11| 0.
209*. Cho x < y < 0 v |x| - |y| = 100. Tnh x y
210. Cho x {-2 ; -1; 0 ; 1; ...; 11}
y { -89; -88; - 87;...; -1; 0 ; 11}
Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr h nht ca x y.
211. Cho x, y Z.
a) Vi gi tr no ca x th biu thc A = 1000 - |x + 5| c
GTLN, tm GTLN .
b) Vi gi tr no ca y th biu thc B = |y - 3| + 50 c
GTNN, tm GTNN .
c) Vi gi tr no ca x, y th biu thc
C = | x 100 | + | y + 200 | - 1 c GTNN, tm GTNN .
14
Bi tp b sung
Bi tp b sung
15
y 1= x 1= 1
y 1 = x 1 = 1
x = 2; y = 2
x = 0; y = 0
IV. Bi tp:
220. Tm x Z bit:
16
a) x(x+3) = 0
b) (x 2)(5 x) = 0
c) (x-1)(x2 + 1) = 0
221. Thu gn cc biu thc sau:
a) 7x 19x + 6x
b) ab ba
2
2
222. Cho A = (5m 8m 9m2)(-n3 + 4n3)
Vi gi tr no ca m v n th A 0
223. Tm x bit:
a) 12(x 5) + 7(3 x) = 5
b) 30(x + 2) 6(x 5) 24x =100
224. Tm x Z bit:
a) | 2x 5 | = 13
b) 7x + 3| = 66
c) | 5x 2| 0
225. Tm x Z bit:
a) (x 3) (2y + 1) = 7
b) (2x + 1) (3y 2) = - 55.
226. Tm x Z sao cho :
(x- 7) (x + 3) < 0
227. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc sau mt cch h l:
a) 125.(-61).(-2)3.(-1)2n (n N*)
b) 136.(-47) + 36.(-304)
c) (-48).72 + 36.(-304)
228. Tm x Z bit:
a) (x +1) + ( x+3) + (x + 5) + ... + (x + 99) = 0
b) (x -3) + ( x - 2) + (x - 1) + ... + 10 + 11 = 0
229. Cho m v n cc s nguyn dng:
A=
2+4+6+...+2m
m
B=
2+4+6+...+2n
n
17
Bi tp b sung
6. Bi v c ca mt s nguyn
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
1. Cc tnh cht v chia ht (hay khng chia ht) i
vi s t nhin vn ng vi s nguyn.
2. Nu al bi ca b th - a cng l bi ca b. Nu b l c ca a th -b cng l c ca a. Do nu s nguyn m
c k c t nhin th c thm k c m ( l cc s i ca
cc c t nhin).
3. Ch :
- Trong tp hp s Z , mt s chia 3 d 1; d 2 c biu
di bi cng thc 3k + 1; 3k + 2 hoc gp li l 3k 1.
- S l c vit l 2k + 1 hoc 2k 1
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
237. Cc s sau c bao nhiu c?
a) 54 ; b) 196.
238. Chng minh rng nu a Mb th |a| M|b|
239. Vi n Z, cc s sau l chn hay l?
A = (n 4)(n 15)
B = n2 n 1
18
Bi tp b sung
7. n tp chng II
V d: Tm x, y, z bit :
x y = - 9 ; y x = 10 ; z + x = 11
V d: Cho x Z hy so snh x2 v x3
Ch : so snh A v B ta thng xt hiu A B .
Nu A B > 0 th A > B ; Nu A B < 0 th A < B
Bi tp:
247. Tnh gi tr ca bi thc A vi x = - 43; y = 17
A = - 125(x + x + ...+ x y y ... y)
(x c 8 s hng, y c 8 s hng)
248. Cho biu thc B = 1
10 100. Hy in vo c
trng du ca cc php tnh cng, tr, nhn , chia v
thm du ngoc (nu cn) B l s nguyn ln nht, s
nguyn nh nht.
19
Mt khc v 19 l s l nn 2x + 5y l s l
2x l s chn v 5y l s l:
Do y = 1 hoc y = 3.
Vi y = 1 ta c: 2x + 5.1 = 19
2x = 14
x =7
Vi y = 3, ta c: 2x + 5.3 = 19
2x = 4
x=2
Vy vi x = 7 v y = 1 ; x = 2 v y = 3
Cch 2: T (1) ta c:
20
x=
x N
19 - 15y
y-1
= 10 - 3y +
2
2
y-1
th 2 N hay y = 2n +
1 vi n N, do x = 7
5n 0
n = 0 hoc n = 1. Tng ng ta c x, y.
V d 2: Trm tru trm c. Tru ng n nm, tru nm n
ba, l kh tru gi, ba con mt b. Hi s tru mi loi?
Bi tp:
Chng III. Phn s
x
3
=
15
y
v x < y < 0
IV. Bi tp:
258. Trong cc s sau, s no l phn s:
-5
7
43
1
5
(a
a-3
Z);
9
(a
a 5
2
Z)
7: 2a
(a
10
Z)
-5
a-3
vi a < 3
6
2
-a -1
263. Tm x Z , bit :
a)
111
91
<x<
37
13
264. Cho A =
b)
-84
108
< 3x <
14
9
3n- 5
n+4
21
Tm x Z A c gi tr nguyn.
265. Tm n Z cc phn s sau c gi tr nguyn:
12 ; 15
n
n-2
8
n+1
266. Tm x Z, bit :
a)
x-1= 8
9
3
-4
b) - 9x =
x
18
c) x4 =
x+1
267. Tm x, y Z bit:
x = 9
a) 7
v x > y
y
y
b) -x2 = v x < y < 0
5
268. Tm x, y Z bit:
x - 4 = 4 v x y = 5
y-3 3
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 6. Php tr phn s.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 7. Php nhn phn s. Tnh cht c bn ca php
nhn phn s.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 8. Chuyn : Tng cc phn s vit theo quy lut
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 9. Php chia phn s
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 10. Hn s. S thp phn. Phn trm.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 11. Ba bi ton c bn v phn s.
23
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
12. Chuyn
Ton cng vic lm ng thi
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
Bi 13. Chuyn
Ton v tnh tui.
I/ Kin thc c bn
II/ Kin thc nng cao.
III/ V d: 1
IV. Bi tp:
14. n tp chng
M
24
1. Cho A =
x+5
.
x+2
Tm x :
a) C gi tr l mt s nguyn b) A c gi tr ln nht
2. Tm cp s nguyn (x;y) bit;
x -1 1
1
+ =
9
3 y+2
2x + 5
Cho A = 2x 1 .
a)
3.
b)
3x + 1 2 y 2
+
=
18
12 9
v x - y = -1
Tm x Z :
a) A l phn s ?
b) A l mt s nguyn
c) Tm x A c gi tr ln nht, nh nht?
4. Tm s nguyn x bit;
a)
x 2 x x + 1 2x + 1 3
+
+
+
=
2
3
4
6
8
b)
3
10
6
12
+
=
2x + 1 4 x + 2 6x + 3 26
b)
7
1
1
1 5
< +
+ ... +
<
12 21 22
40 6
5. Chng minh
a)
1 1
1
1
< + + ... +
<1
2 51 52
100
6. Cho S =
6 6
6
+ + ... +
15 16
19
4n + 1
.
2n + 3
Tm n Z :
a) A l mt s nguyn
b) Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca A?
8. Tm hai s nguyn a v b bit rng :
a 1
1
=
.
7 2 b +1
1
1
n
=
a a + n a(a + n)
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
S2
1.2 2.3
99.100
2
2
2
+
+ ... +
10.12 12.14
999.1000
9. a) Chng minh:
S1 =
S3 =
4
4
4
+
+ ... +
1.5 5.9
2001.2005
25
11. Cho P =
2
2
2
+
+ ... +
1.3 3.5
(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
1
1 1
1
1
> 2 >
+
n -1 n n
n -1 n
99
1
1
1
99
> 2 + 2 + ... +
>
2
100 2
3
100
202
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
1.4 4.7
2002 .2005
p dng tnh:
P=
3
3
3
+
+ ... +
1.6 6.11
96.101
Q=
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
1.2.3 2.3.4
98.99.100
A = 1+
C=
B=
1 1 1
1
1
+ 2 3 + ... + 100 101
3 3 3
3
3
1
1
1
1
+ 3 + ... +
<
2
2
5
6
2007
4
Phng GD
b)
1
1
1
1
+ 3 + ... +
>
2
2
5
6
2007
5
26
Qun Cu giy
2006
Mn Ton 6 - thi gian 120 pht
Bi 1( 4):
Tnh nhanh:
A = 1 + 3 - 5 -7 + 9 + 11 ... - 397 - 399
B = 2100 - 299 - 298 - ... - 22 - 21 - 1
Bi 2 (4):
S 36 chia cho s nguyn a ri tr i a. Ly kt qu ny
chia cho a ri tr i a. Li ly kt qu ny chia cho a ri tr i
a. Cui cng c s -a. Tm s a?
Bi 3(3):
Cho bit a + 4b chia ht cho 13, (a,bN). Chng minh 10a
+ b chia ht cho 13.
Bi 4 ( 3):
Cho phn s
57643
85357
Bi 5 ( 6):
Cho gc BOC bng 750 . A l mt im nm trong gc BOC.
Bit gc BOA bng 400.
a) Tnh gc AOC.
b) V OD l tia i ca OA. So snh hai gc BOD v COD.
27
1) Cho biu thc A =
2n + 2
2n 4
vi n Z.
a) Vi gi tr no ca A th A l phn s.
b) Tm gi tr ca A A l s nguyn.
2. Rt gn phn s :
a) M =
9 4.27 5.36.34
38.814.234.82
b) N =
1
n
1
1
1
1
.
= .
n n +1
n n +1
1
(n
n +1
4 6.95 + 6 9.120
84.312 611
p dng tnh:
a)
1
2.3
1
1
1
+ ...
3.4 4.5
99.100
b) B =
1
1
1
1
1
1
+ + + + + +
30 42 56 72
90 110
1
132
28