-1MC LC

M U..........................................................................................................................23
1.Tnh cp thit ca ti..............................................................................................23
2. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti ...................................................................23
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TI LIU........................................................................24
1.1.Molipden v d lng ca n trong mi trng ...................................................24
1.1.1.Gii thiu v Molipden..........................................................................................24
1.1.2.Ngun gc xut hin ca Molipden trong sp l ................................................24
Vai tr quan 1.1.3.Vai tr ca Molipden..............................................................24
1.1.4.Tc hi ca Molipden............................................................................................24
1.2.Cc phng php v c ha mu ...........................................................................25
1.2.1.Phng php v c ha mu kh.........................................................................25
1.2.2.Phng php v c ha mu t .........................................................................25
1.2.3.Phng php v c mu kh t kt hp .........................................................25
1.3.Cc phng php xc nh vi lng Molipden......................................................26
1.3.1.Phng php quang ph pht x nguyn.............................................................26
1.3.2.Phng php quang ph hp th nguyn t (AAS)............................................26
1.3.3.Phng php trc quang phn t UV-VIS..........................................................26
1.4.Phng php quang ph hp th UV-VIS..............................................................27
1.4.1.Gii thiu phng php quang ph hp th phn t UV-VIS...........................27
C s l thuyt ca phng php trc quang phn t UV VIS....................27

1.4.2.Cc iu kin ti u cho phng php phn tch................................................28

1.7.S lc vi nt v sp l .........................................................................................35
CHNG 2 : THC NGHIM V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU...................36
2.1.Dng c ,thit b ,ha cht........................................................................................36

-22.1.1.Dng c...................................................................................................................36
2.1.2.Thit b....................................................................................................................36
2.1.3.Ha cht .................................................................................................................36
2.2.Cch pha cc loi dung dch ....................................................................................36
2.2.1.Pha dung dch chun gc amonimolipdat (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O....................36
2.2.2.Pha cc dung dch khc ........................................................................................37
2.3.Ni dung nghin cu ........................................................................................38
-Chn cc phng php chnh xc , hin i c kh nng thc hin trong iu
kin phng th nghim nc ta............................................................................38
-Nghin cu cc iu kin ti u xc nh nguyn t Molipden...................38
-Nghin cu p dng thc tin trn mt s mu thc t ..................................38
-Xy dng mt quy trnh tng i hon chnh ,c kh nng thc hin trong iu
kin phng th nghim ...........................................................................................38
2.4.Thc nghim nghin cu iu kin v c ha mu ...........................................38
2.4.1.Dung mi v c ha mu ..............................................................................38
Ta tin hnh v c ha mu bng phng php kh t kt hp .Sau khi tro
ha xong ,trn c s nghin cu cc ti liu v c im ca mu sp l chng ti
chn dung mi HCl v nc ha tan hon ton tro............................................38
2.4.2.Kho st nhit v thi gian nung ti u.....................................................38
Sau khi chn c dung mi thch hp, chng ti tin hnh kho st thi gian
nung thu tro trng . em nung cc nhit khc nhau , chn nhit nung ti
u...........................................................................................................................38
C nh nhit v thay i thi gian chn thi gian nung ti u.............38
2.5.Thc nghim nghin cu iu kin ti u phn tch hm lng Molipden trong
sp l bng phng php trc quang phn t UV-VIS............................................38
2.5.1.Kho st chn vch o...................................................................................38
Cch tin hnh : Cho 5ml dung dch Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml vo bnh
nh mc 50 ml . Sau thm ln lt 25ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml
H2SO4(d=1,84), 1ml dung dich thioure 1% v 1ml dung dich amonithioxyanat
50% ,lc u to phc Molipdenthioxianat c mu da cam. em qut bc sng
trong khong t 400-800 nm..................................................................................39

-32.5.2.Kho st s bn mu ca phc gia Mo5+ vi thuc th theo thi gian .......39

Ly 2 ml dung dch Amonimolipdat 0.1 mg/ml sau thm vo bnh ln lt
25ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml H2SO4(d=1,4), 1ml dung dich thioure 1%
v 1ml dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% lc u to phc Molipdenthioxianat c
mu da cam . o D ti max trong cc khong thi gian : o ngay , 5 pht , 10
pht ,15 pht , 20 pht , 25 pht , 30 pht , 35 pht ,40 pht , 45 pht , 50 pht , 55
pht , 60 pht ........................................................................................................39
2.5.3.Kho st nh hng ca Cu2+.......................................................................39
Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml ..................................39
+Thm vo 2 ml Mo6+ 0.1 mg/ml .......................................................39
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................39
+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5ml , 1.5ml ,3ml , 5ml ,10 ml Cu2+ 0.01 mg/ml...............39
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .Sau em o D ti bc sng
max......................................................................................................................39
2.5.3.Kho st nh hng ca Fe3+ ......................................................................39
-Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml..................................39
+Thm vo 2ml Mo6+ 0.1mg/ml ..............................................................39
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................39
+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5 ml, 1 ml , 2ml ,5 ml ,10 ml Fe3+ 0.01 mg/ml...................40
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% . Sau em o D ti bc sng
max......................................................................................................................40
2.5.4.Kho st khong nng tuyn tnh .............................................................40
- Chun b 13 bnh nh mc 50 ml.................................................................40
- Th tch ca Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml ln lt l: 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml,
4ml ,5 ml ,6ml , 7ml, 8ml, 9ml, 10 ml, 15 ml .........................................................40
- Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................40
- Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% ........................................................40
- nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml v o D ti bc sng max..................40
2.5.5.Xy dng ng chun .............................................................................40

-4-Chun b 13 bnh nh mc 50 ml.........................................................................40

-Th tch ca Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml ln lt l: 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,
5 ml ,6ml , 7ml, 8ml, 9ml, 10 ml, 15 ml , 20 ml ......................................................40
-Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................40
-Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% ........................................................40
-nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml .o mt quang ca phc ti bc sng
max. .................................................................................................................... 40
2.7.nh gi hiu sut thu hi ..............................................................................40
xc nh hiu sut thu hi ca phng php ta tin hnh phn tch trn 5
mu gi vi nng ban u ca Mo6+ bit chnh xc. Tin hnh v c ha mu
v to phc Molipdenthioxianat. o mt quang ca phc Molipdenthioxianat
bc sng max t nh gi hiu sut thu hi ca phng php.......................41
2.8.nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php .....................................................41
nh gi sai s thng k, chng ti tin hnh v c ha mu theo quy trnh
phn tch vi cc iu kin ti u chn mc 2.4 v 2.5 trn 5 mu gi, mi
mu 5 ln vi nng ban u ca Mo6+ bit chnh xc..................................41
2.9.Quy trnh kho st ..........................................................................................41
Trn c s nghin cu cc iu kin ti u ca phng php xc nh hm lng
Molipden xt trn, chng ti tin hnh xy dng quy trnh phn tch xc nh
hm lng Molipden trong sp l, t p dng xc nh cc mu sp l thc t
trn a bn cc ch thuc thnh ph Nng......................................................41
2.10.p dng phn tch mt s mu sp l thc t trn a bn cc ch thuc thnh
ph Nng . ........................................................................................................41
2.10.1. Chun b mu sp l...................................................................................41
Sp l c mua ti ch trn a bn thnh ph Nng trong khong t thng
3 n thng 4 nm 2012.Sp l c ra sch v ra li bng nc ct hai ln, ct
nh khong 1cm, v c bo qun lm mu phn tch. Cc mu c ct nh
v c xay nhuyn trong ci xay sinh t v trn u...........................................41
2.10.2.Cc a im ly mu ..............................................................................41
Chng ti tp trung ly cc mu sp l a im ch Ha Khnh thuc
thnh ph Nng. ...............................................................................................41
CHNG 3:KT QU V BN LUN.........................................................................43
3.1.Kt qu kho st iu kin v c ha mu .......................................................43

-53.1.1.Kt qu kho st dung mi v c ha mu ....................................................43

- 0.5 ml HClO4 c , 4ml HNO3 c ,2 ml H2SO4 c , 5ml H2O2 30 % , 4 ml
KNO3 10 % lm cht bo v ..................................................................................43
3.1.2.Kt qu kho st nhit v thi gian nung mu .........................................43
Nhit nung (0C).................................................................................................44
450.........................................................................................................................44
460......................................................................................................................... 44
470.........................................................................................................................44
480.........................................................................................................................44
490.........................................................................................................................44
500.........................................................................................................................44
Hin tng ............................................................................................................. 44
-..............................................................................................................................44
+............................................................................................................................ 44
+............................................................................................................................ 44
+............................................................................................................................ 44
+............................................................................................................................ 44
+............................................................................................................................ 44
D............................................................................................................................ 45
0.9157.................................................................................................................... 45
0.9168.................................................................................................................... 45
0.9475.................................................................................................................... 45
0.9365.................................................................................................................... 45
0.9245.................................................................................................................... 45
0.9164.................................................................................................................... 45
Bng 1 .Kt qu kho st nhit nung ................................................................46
Thi gian ( gi )...................................................................................................... 47
1............................................................................................................................. 47

-61.5.......................................................................................................................... 47
2............................................................................................................................. 47
2.5.......................................................................................................................... 47
3............................................................................................................................. 47
Hin tng ............................................................................................................. 47
-..............................................................................................................................47
+............................................................................................................................ 47
+............................................................................................................................ 47
+............................................................................................................................ 47
+............................................................................................................................ 47
D............................................................................................................................47
0.8962....................................................................................................................47
0.9375.................................................................................................................... 47
0.9436....................................................................................................................47
0.9324....................................................................................................................47
0.9285.................................................................................................................... 47
Bng 2.Kt qu kho st thi gian nung .................................................................47
(-) : Mu cha chuyn mu , ( +) : Mu ha tro trng ......................................47
Kt lun : Nung mu nhit 470 oC trong 2 gi ............................................47
3.2.Kt qu kho st iu kin xc nh Molipden...................................................47
3.2.1.Kt qu kho st chn vch o ....................................................................47
Bng 3: Kt qu kho st vch o ca Mo...............................................................47
Vch o (nm)..........................................................................................................47
Abs- ln1................................................................................................................47
Abs- ln2................................................................................................................47
Abs- ln 3............................................................................................................... 47
Trung bnh..............................................................................................................47

-7450.........................................................................................................................47
0.7891....................................................................................................................47
0.7956....................................................................................................................47
0.7965....................................................................................................................47
0.7937....................................................................................................................47
460......................................................................................................................... 47
0.8895.................................................................................................................... 47
0.8924....................................................................................................................47
0.8978....................................................................................................................47
0.8932....................................................................................................................47
470.........................................................................................................................47
0.7896....................................................................................................................47
0.7935.................................................................................................................... 47
0.7962....................................................................................................................47
0.7931....................................................................................................................47
Da vo bng s liu ta chn vch ph l 460 nm..................................................47
3.2.2.Kt qu kho st bn mu ca phc theo thi gian ..................................47
Ly 2 ml dung dch Amonimolipdat 0.1 mg/ml sau thm vo bnh ln lt
25ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml H2SO4(d=1,4), 1ml dung dich thioure 1%
v 1ml dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% lc u to phc Molipdenthioxianat c
mu da cam .Tin hnh o mt quang D ti cc thi im khc nhau.Thi gian
c kho st ti bng sau.....................................................................................47
Bng 4:Kt qu kho st bn mu ca phc .....................................................49
Thi gian o (pht).................................................................................................49
o ngay ................................................................................................................. 49
Sau 5' .................................................................................................................... 49
Sau 10'................................................................................................................... 49
Sau 15'................................................................................................................... 49
Sau 20'................................................................................................................... 49

-8Sau 25'...................................................................................................................49
Sau 30'................................................................................................................... 49
D............................................................................................................................49
0.4438....................................................................................................................49
0.4554.................................................................................................................... 49
0.4913....................................................................................................................49
0.4955.................................................................................................................... 49
0.4978....................................................................................................................49
0.4954.................................................................................................................... 49
0.4948....................................................................................................................49
Thi gian o (pht).................................................................................................49
Sau 35' ..................................................................................................................49
Sau 40' ..................................................................................................................49
Sau 45' ..................................................................................................................49
Sau 50'...................................................................................................................49
Sau 55' ..................................................................................................................49
Sau 60'................................................................................................................... 49
D............................................................................................................................49
0.4944....................................................................................................................49
0.4936....................................................................................................................49
0.4929....................................................................................................................49
0.4921....................................................................................................................49
0.4919....................................................................................................................49
0.4915....................................................................................................................49
...............................................................................................................................49
Vy nn o mt quang sau khi phc to mu khong 20 pht dung dch mu
n nh ..................................................................................................................49
3.2.3.Kt qu kho st nh hng ca Cu2+ i vi vic xc nh Molipden .........49

-9-Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml ...................................49

+Thm vo 2 ml Mo6+ 0.1 mg/ml .......................................................49
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................49
+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5ml , 1.5ml ,3ml , 5ml ,10 ml Cu2+ 0.01 mg/ml...............50
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .Kt qu thu c bng sau:...50
Bng 5: Kt qu kho st nh hng ca ng ......................................................50
Nng Mo6+ (mg/ml)..........................................................................................51
Nng Cu2+ (mg/ml) ..........................................................................................51
Mt quang D ..................................................................................................... 51
0,004...................................................................................................................... 51
0,0000....................................................................................................................51
0,4946....................................................................................................................51
0,004...................................................................................................................... 51
0,0001....................................................................................................................51
0,4976....................................................................................................................51
0,004...................................................................................................................... 51
0,0003....................................................................................................................51
0,5012....................................................................................................................51
0,004...................................................................................................................... 51
0,0006....................................................................................................................51
0,5065.................................................................................................................... 51
0,004...................................................................................................................... 51
0,0010....................................................................................................................51
0,5070.................................................................................................................... 51
0,004...................................................................................................................... 52
0,0020.................................................................................................................... 52
0,5107.................................................................................................................... 52

-10.......................................................................................................................... 53
............................................................................................................................... 53
Da trn biu th ta nhn thy ng hu nh khng nh hng n Molipden 53
3.2.4.Kt qu kho st nh hng ca Fe3+ i vi vic xc nh Molipden ..........53
-Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml....................................53
+Thm vo 2ml Mo6+ 0.1mg/ml ..............................................................53
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................53
+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5 ml, 1 ml , 2ml ,5 ml ,10 ml Fe3+ 0.01 mg/ml...................53
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .Kt qu thu c bng sau....53
........................................................................................................................... 53
Bng 6: Kt qu kho st nh hng ca st

................................................54

Nng Mo6+ (mg/ml)..........................................................................................55

Nng Fe3+ (mg/ml) ..........................................................................................55
Mt quang D ..................................................................................................... 55
0,004...................................................................................................................... 55
0,0000.................................................................................................................... 55
0,4957.................................................................................................................... 55
0,004...................................................................................................................... 55
0,0001.................................................................................................................... 55
0,5079.................................................................................................................... 55
0,004...................................................................................................................... 55
0,0002.................................................................................................................... 55
0,5407.................................................................................................................... 55
0,004...................................................................................................................... 55
0,0004.................................................................................................................... 55
0,5728.................................................................................................................... 55
0,004...................................................................................................................... 55

-110,0010.................................................................................................................... 55
0,5879.................................................................................................................... 55
0,004...................................................................................................................... 56
0,0020....................................................................................................................56
0,6159....................................................................................................................56
............................................................................................................................... 57
Nh vy st nh hng ng k n vic xc nh Moliden...................................57
3.2.5.Loi tr nh hng ca Fe3+.........................................................................57
-Loi tr nh hng ca Fe3+ bng NaF.........................................................57
-Kt qu loi tr c th hin bng kt qu v s sau:............................57
Bng 7:Kt qu loi tr nh hng ca st.............................................................57
Nng Mo6+........................................................................................................58
(mg/ml).................................................................................................................. 58
Nng Fe3+ (mg/ml)...........................................................................................58
Th tch NaF 4%..................................................................................................... 58
(ml)........................................................................................................................ 58
Mt quang D...................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.000...................................................................................................................... 58
0............................................................................................................................. 58
0.4972.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58
0............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5549.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58

-121............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5503.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58
2............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5467.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58
3............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5356.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58
4............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5224.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58
5............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5025.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 58
0.001...................................................................................................................... 58
6............................................................................................................................. 58
0.5145.................................................................................................................... 58
0.004...................................................................................................................... 59
0.001...................................................................................................................... 59
7............................................................................................................................. 59
0.5257.................................................................................................................... 59
............................................................................................................................... 59

-133.4.Kho st khong nng tuyn tnh ................................................................59

-Chun b 13 bnh nh mc 50 ml.....................................................................59
-Th tch ca Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml ln lt l: 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,5
ml ,6ml , 7ml, 8ml, 9ml, 10 ml, 15 ml ...................................................................59
-Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................59
-Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .........................................................59
-nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml v o D ti bc sng 460 nm .Kt qu thu
c bng sau.....................................................................................................60
Bng 8: Kt qu kho st khong nng tuyn tnh.............................................60
CMo6+(mg/ml).......................................................................................................61
0,001 .....................................................................................................................61
0,002 .....................................................................................................................61
0,004 .....................................................................................................................61
0,006 .....................................................................................................................61
0,008 .....................................................................................................................61
0,010 .....................................................................................................................61
D............................................................................................................................61
0.2132....................................................................................................................61
0.312...................................................................................................................... 61
0.4917....................................................................................................................61
0.7248....................................................................................................................61
0.908...................................................................................................................... 61
1.102...................................................................................................................... 61
CMo6+(mg/ml).......................................................................................................61
0.012...................................................................................................................... 61
0,014...................................................................................................................... 61
0,016...................................................................................................................... 61
0,018...................................................................................................................... 61

-140,020 .....................................................................................................................61
0.03........................................................................................................................61
D............................................................................................................................62
1.2536....................................................................................................................62
1.4231....................................................................................................................62
1.7341....................................................................................................................62
2.8124....................................................................................................................62
2.7751....................................................................................................................62
2.687...................................................................................................................... 62
...............................................................................................................................63
Vy khong nng thch hp tin hnh php o l t 0,001 mg/ml n 0,016
mg/ml..................................................................................................................... 63
3.5.Kt qu xy dng ng chun .......................................................................63
-Dy chun gm 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml .........................................................63
-Thm vo mi bnh ln lt 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,5 ml Mo6+ 0.1 mg/ml
...............................................................................................................................63
- Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1% ......................................................................63
- Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% ........................................................63
- nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml v o D ti bc sng 460 nm .Kt qu thu
c bng sau.....................................................................................................63
Bng 9: Kt qu xy dng ng chun.................................................................63
Nng Mo6+(mg/ml)...........................................................................................64
D............................................................................................................................64
0.001...................................................................................................................... 64
0.2134....................................................................................................................64
0.002...................................................................................................................... 64
0.3115....................................................................................................................64
0.004...................................................................................................................... 64

-150.4921....................................................................................................................64
0.006...................................................................................................................... 64
0.7252.................................................................................................................... 64
0.008...................................................................................................................... 64
0.8854.................................................................................................................... 64
0.01........................................................................................................................65
1.105...................................................................................................................... 65
...............................................................................................................................66
th biu din s ph thuc gia mt quang ca phc Molipdenthioxyanat vo
hm lng Mo6+....................................................................................................66
3.6.Kt qu kho st hiu sut thu hi ca phng php........................................66
xc nh hiu sut thu hi ca phng php, chng ti tin hnh phn tch
hm lng Molipden trn 5 mu gi.Sau tin hnh nh cc iu kin ti u
chn cc mc trn.Kt qu th hin trn bng ....................................................66
Bng 10:Kt qu tnh hiu sut thu hi ca phng php.......................................66
Ln o.................................................................................................................... 67
Nng Mo6+ thc t (mg/ml)..............................................................................67
Nng Mo6+ o c (mg/ml).............................................................................67
Hiu sut thu hi (%)..............................................................................................67
1............................................................................................................................. 67
0.004...................................................................................................................... 67
0.00353..................................................................................................................67
88.25...................................................................................................................... 67
2............................................................................................................................. 67
0.004...................................................................................................................... 67
0.00347..................................................................................................................67
86.75...................................................................................................................... 67
3............................................................................................................................. 67
0.004...................................................................................................................... 67

-160.00355..................................................................................................................67
88.75...................................................................................................................... 67
4............................................................................................................................. 67
0.004...................................................................................................................... 67
0.00351..................................................................................................................67
87.75...................................................................................................................... 67
5............................................................................................................................. 67
0.004...................................................................................................................... 67
0.00350..................................................................................................................67
87.5........................................................................................................................67
H trung bnh...........................................................................................................68
87.8........................................................................................................................68
Hiu sut thu hi trung bnh l 87.8%, t yu cu ca phng php phn tch vi
lng......................................................................................................................69
3.7.Kt qu nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php .........................................69
Chun b hai mu gi: hai mu c nng khc nhau, tin hnh quy trnh phn tch
mu gi nh khi xc nh hiu sut thu hi , lm 5 ln th nghim. Kt qu thu c
th hin trn bng 1 v kt qu tnh mt s i lng c trng sai s thng k ca
phng php c th hin trn bng 2.................................................................69
Bng 11:Gi tr nng Mo6+ o c ca mu gi sau 5 ln o.........................69
Ln o.................................................................................................................... 70
1............................................................................................................................. 70
2............................................................................................................................. 70
3............................................................................................................................. 70
4............................................................................................................................. 70
5............................................................................................................................. 70
Nng Mo6+ (mg/ml)..........................................................................................70
0.004 .....................................................................................................................70
0.00342..................................................................................................................70

-170.00345..................................................................................................................70
0.00351..................................................................................................................70
0.00344..................................................................................................................70
0.00353..................................................................................................................70
0.006...................................................................................................................... 71
0.00532..................................................................................................................71
0.00546..................................................................................................................71
0.00535..................................................................................................................71
0.00534..................................................................................................................71
0.00541..................................................................................................................71
Bng 12: Mt s kt qu nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php......................72
Cc i lng c trng..........................................................................................73
Nng Mo6+ 0.004 (mg/ml).................................................................................73
Nng Mo6+ 0.006 (mg/ml).................................................................................73
Nng trung bnh ................................................................................................73
3.47x10-3............................................................................................................... 73
5.38x10-3............................................................................................................... 73
Phng sai S2.........................................................................................................73
2.25x10-9............................................................................................................... 73
3.35x10-9............................................................................................................... 73
lch chun ca php o S.................................................................................73
4.74x10-5............................................................................................................... 73
5.79x10-5............................................................................................................... 73
lch chun ca i lng trung bnh cng ........................................................73
2.12x10-5............................................................................................................... 73
2.59x10-5............................................................................................................... 73
H s bin ng Cv%..............................................................................................73

-181.36........................................................................................................................73
1.07........................................................................................................................73
Bin gii tin cy ................................................................................................... 73
5.88x10-5...............................................................................................73
7.18x10-5............................................................................................................... 73
Sai s tng i %................................................................................................74
1.69.......................................................................................................................74
1.33........................................................................................................................74
(vi = 0.95, k = 4, t,k = 2.776).........................................................................75
Kt qu cho thy, sai s tng i % nh chng t phng php c chnh xc
cao, h s bin ng nh chng t lp li tt.....................................................75
3.8.Quy trnh phn tch xc nh hm lng Molipden trong sp l ........................75
Trn c s kt qu kho st cc iu kin ca phng php phn tch hm lng
............................................................................................................................... 75
Molipden trong sp l t mc 3.1 n mc 3.7 chng ti tin hnh xc nh quy
trnh....................................................................................................................... 75
phn tch Molipden trong sp l .............................................................................75
Sp l sau khi mua v ra sch nhiu ln bng nc ct, sau xay nh bng
my xay sinh t .Cn chnh xc khi lng sp l trong khong t 20-50 g .Sau
thm vo mu 0.5 ml HClO4 c , 2ml HNO3 c ,1 ml H2SO4 c , 2ml H2O2 30
% , 2 ml KNO3 10 % lm cht bo v.Sau ta em nung trn bp in n tro en
, sau em nung trong l nung nhit 470oC trong 2 n tro trng .Sau ha
tan bng HCl 20% v nh mc ..............................................................................75
Thm vo bnh ln lt 25ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml H2SO4(d=1,4),
1ml dung dich thioure 1% v 1ml dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% ,lc u to
phc Molipdenthioxianat c mu da cam. yn sau thi gian 20 pht phc n
nh mu ri em i o mt quang ca dung dch bc sng 460 nm ............75
Mu trng c chun b tng t nh trn nhng khng c mt ca Mo6+ ,
thc hin qu trnh v c ha mu trong mu nc................................................75
Hm lng Mo6+ c tnh theo cng thc sau: (mg/kg).................................75
Trong m: khi lng mu rau mung ly phn tch...............................75
x: hm lng Mo6+ tnh theo ng chun (mg)............................75

-19S phn tch mu :.............................................................................................75

...............................................................................................................................76
3.9.Kt qu phn tch mu thc t .........................................................................76
T quy trnh phn tch xy dng, tin hnh phn tch hm lng Molipden trong
sp l cc ch thuc thnh ph Nng. Kt qu phn tch c thng k trong
bng .
...............................................................................................................77
Bng 13: gi tr hm lng Molipden trong mt s mu sp l...............................77
Mu sp l.............................................................................................................. 78
Ngy mua mu ..................................................................................................... 78
a im ly mu................................................................................................... 78
Loi mu sp l...................................................................................................... 78
Hm lng Mo6+....................................................................................................78
(mg/kg)................................................................................................................... 78
1............................................................................................................................. 78
9/3/2012.................................................................................................................78
Ch Ha Khnh ......................................................................................................78
Sp l xanh ...........................................................................................................78
4.22........................................................................................................................78
2............................................................................................................................. 78
12/3/2012............................................................................................................... 78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l xanh............................................................................................................ 78
5.45........................................................................................................................78
3............................................................................................................................. 78
16/3/2012............................................................................................................... 78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l xanh............................................................................................................ 78
4.45........................................................................................................................78

-204............................................................................................................................. 78
20/3/2012............................................................................................................... 78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l trng ...........................................................................................................78
6.32........................................................................................................................78
5............................................................................................................................. 78
22/3/2012............................................................................................................... 78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l xanh............................................................................................................ 78
5.67........................................................................................................................78
6............................................................................................................................. 78
25/3/2012...............................................................................................................78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l trng ...........................................................................................................78
6.44........................................................................................................................78
7............................................................................................................................. 78
27/3/2012............................................................................................................... 78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l trng ...........................................................................................................78
6.12........................................................................................................................78
8............................................................................................................................. 78
30/3/2012............................................................................................................... 78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l trng ...........................................................................................................78
7.78........................................................................................................................78
9............................................................................................................................. 78
3/4/2012.................................................................................................................78

-21Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l xanh............................................................................................................ 78
3.89........................................................................................................................78
10...........................................................................................................................78
5/4/2012.................................................................................................................78
Ch Ha Khnh.......................................................................................................78
Sp l trng ..........................................................................................................78
6.45........................................................................................................................78
BYT /867.................................................................................................................79
15.00...................................................................................................................... 79
Qua bng kt qu phn tch cho thy hu ht cc mu sp l u c cha hm
lng Molipden nhng cha vt qu gii hn cho php ca BYT. Trong hai loi sp
l th sp l trng c hm lng Molipden cao hn so vi sp l xanh.Tuy nhin , sp
l trng mua ch Sn c hm lng Molipden cao nht (7.78 mg/kg) . iu
ny cng ph hp vi cc cng trnh nghin cu trc y v hm lng Molipden
trong sp l nhiu a im ...............................................................................80
KT LUN...............................................................................................................81
Kho st c dung mi v c ha mu ,nhit v thi gian nung mu ,kho st
chn vch o , bn mu ca phc theo thi gian v kho st cc yu t nh
hng ....................................................................................................................81
2 . Xc nh c khong tuyn tnh v lp ng chun ca Mo ........................81
3. Xc nh c hiu sut thu hi l 87.8 %.........................................................81
4. nh gi c sai s v lp li ca php o..................................................81
5. xut thnh cng quy trnh phn tch Mo trong sp l ...................................81
6. Quy trnh xut phn tch cc mu sp l trn a bn cc ch thuc
thnh ph Nng ................................................................................................81
KIN NGH.............................................................................................................. 81
1 .Phn tch hm lng cc kim loi khc c bit l cc kim loi c hi ..............81
2.Phn tch Mo trong cc loi rau khc nhau t c c s , k hoch bn
phn v ci to t tng nng sut cy trng ...................................................81
TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................................82

-22[1]. Phm Th H (2008), Cc phng php phn tch quang hc, TP. Nng.......82
[2]. Tng Th Vit H (2009), Nghin cu xc nh hm lng asen trong nc b
mt bng phng php quang ph hp th phn t UV-VIS, TP. Nng...............82
[3]. L Th Mi (2007), Ha hc phn tch nh lng, TP. Nng.........................82
[4]. T Vng Nghi, Hunh Vn Trung, Trn T Hiu (1986), Phn tch nc, NXB
Khoa hc v k thut H Ni....................................................................................82
[5]. http://dantri.com.vn/c7/s7-148482/anh-huong-cua-asen-doi-voi-suc- khoe.htm 82
[6]. http://danang-upload.dng.vn/images/fr7tmesqkfxep23dj19l.jpg.......................82

-23M U
1.Tnh cp thit ca ti
Hin nay dn s gia tng nhanh trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam, ngi ta cn c
nhiu lng thc, thc phm, c th l cung cp trong cc ba n hng ngy. Rau cng l
ngun thc n b dng nui sng con ngi. Rau khng nhng cung cp mt lng ln
sinh t A, B, C, m cn cung cp mt phn cc nguyn t vi,lng rt cn thit trong cu
to t bo.
Rau cn l mt ngun dc liu qu gp phn bo v sc kho cho con ngi.
Nhng nu trong rau cha mt lng ln kim loi nng th s gy hi cho con ngi.
D lng cn li ca cc kim loi nng trong rau ,trong Molipden l nguyn
nhn gy ra nhiu cn bnh cho ngi v ng vt . gp phn nh gi hm lng
Molipden trong rau , chng ti thc hin ti :Nghin cu phn tch hm lng
Molipden trong sp l bng phng php trc quang phn t UV-VIS.
2. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti
ti gp phn xy dng quy trnh phn tch hm lng Molipden trong sp l
ph hp vi iu kin ca phng th nghim Vit Nam. Trn c s p dng vo phn
tch mt s mu thc t, nh gi mc nhim kim loi Molipden trong sp l trn mt
s khu vc ch thuc thnh ph Nng .

-24CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TI LIU

1.1.Molipden v d lng ca n trong mi trng
1.1.1.Gii thiu v Molipden
Molipen c nh ha hc Thy in l Cac Vinhem Sele (Karl Wihelm
Scheele) pht hin ra vo nm 1778.
Molypden l mt nguyn t ha hc thuc nhm 6 vi k hiu Mo v s nguyn
t 42, l mt kim loi chuyn tip vi m in 1,8 trn thang Pauling v nguyn t
lng 95,9 g/mol.
1.1.2.Ngun gc xut hin ca Molipden trong sp l
Nguyn nhn lm cho s tch lu lng Molipden trong sp l cao ch yu do s
dng lng phn m dng ha hc v phn bn vi lng qu nhiu v bn gn thi gian
thu hoch.Hoc do ngun nc v t trng c cha qu nhiu lng ny .
Vai tr quan 1.1.3.Vai tr ca Molipden
trng nht ca cc nguyn t molypden trong cc sinh vt sng l cc nguyn t d-kim
loi trong khu vc hot ha ca mt s enzym nht nh. Molipden c vai tr quan trng
trong c nh nit mt s loi vi khun, enzym nitrogenaza tham gia vo bc cui cng
kh phn t nit thng cha molypden trong khu vc hot ha .
Molypden c mt trong khong 20 enzym ng vt, bao gm anehyt oxidaza,
sulfit oxidaza, xanthin oxidaza. mt s ng vt, s xi ha xanthin thnh axt uric, mt
qu trnh d ha purin, c xc tc bng xanthin oxidaza, mt enzym cha molypden.
1.1.4.Tc hi ca Molipden
Nhu cu hp th trung bnh mi ngy i vi molypden l khong 0,3 mg. Hp th
trn 0,4 mg c th gy ng c. Thiu ht molypden, gy ra do hp th di 0,05 mg/ngy,
c th gy ra ci cc, gim ngon ming v gim kh nng sinh sn. Tungstat natri l tc
nhn km hm v c ch molypden.

-25Mt lng ln molypden c th gy cn tr s hp th ng ca c th, bng s

ngn chn cc protein ca huyt tng trong vic lin kt ng cng nh gia tng lng
ng b bi tit theo ng nc tiu.
Cc ng vt nhai li nu tiu th lng ln molypden s pht sinh cc triu chng
nh tiu chy, ci cc, bnh thiu mu v mt sc t lng.
1.2.Cc phng php v c ha mu
1.2.1.Phng php v c ha mu kh
Nguyn tc :
K thut tro ha kh l k thut nung x l mu trong l nung nhit thch
hp (4500C 7000C), sau ha tan mu bng dung dch mui hay axit ph hp. Khi nung,
cc cht hu c ca mu s b t chy hon ton thnh CO2 v H2O.
1.2.2.Phng php v c ha mu t
Nguyn tc
Dng axit c c tnh oxi ha mnh ( HNO3, HClO4 ,), hay hn hp cc axit c
c tnh oxi ha mnh ( HNO3+ HClO4) hoc hn hp mt axit mnh v mt cht oxi ha
mnh ( HNO3 + H2O2 ), phn hy ht cht hu c v chuyn cc kim loi dng
hu c v dng cc ion trong dung dch mui v c. Vic phn hy c th thc hin
trong h ng kn (p sut cao ), hay trong h m ( p sut thng). Lng axit thng
phi dng gp t 10 15 ln lng mu, ty thuc mi loi mu v cu trc vt l, ha
hc ca n. Thi gian phn hy mu trong cc h h, bnh Kendan, ng nghim, cc
thng t vi gi n hng chc gi, cng ty loi mu v bn cht cc cht, cn nu
dng l vi sng h kn th ch cn vi chc pht. Khi phn hy xong phi ui ht axit
d trc khi nh mc v tin hnh o ph.
1.2.3.Phng php v c mu kh t kt hp
Nguyn tc
Mu c phn hy trong chn hay cc nung mu .Trc tin ngi ta thc hin x
l t s b trong cc ,hay chn nung bng mt lng nh axit v cht ph gia ph

-26v cu trc ban u ca cc hp cht mu v to iu kin gi mt s nguyn t c

th bay hi khi nung .Sau mi em nung nhit thch hp
1.3.Cc phng php xc nh vi lng Molipden
1.3.1.Phng php quang ph pht x nguyn
Phng php AES da trn s xut hin ph pht x ca nguyn t t do ca
nguyn t phn tch trng thi kh khi c s tng tc vi ngun nng lng ph hp.
Hin nay, ngi ta dng mt s ngun nng lng kch thch ph AES nh ngn la n
kh, h quang in, tia la in, plasma cao tn cm ng (ICP)
Nhn chung, phng php AES t nhy rt cao (thng t n.10-3 n n.10-4%),
li tn t mu, c th phn tch ng thi nhiu nguyn t trong cng mt mu.
1.3.2.Phng php quang ph hp th nguyn t (AAS)
Phng php ph hp th nguyn t da trn s xut hin ca ph hp th nguyn t
khi nguyn t tn ti trng thi kh t do v trong mc nng lng c bn.
Phng php ny c th phn tch c lng vt ca hu ht cc kim loi v c
nhng hp cht hu c hay anion khng c ph hp th nguyn t
1.3.3.Phng php trc quang phn t UV-VIS
Nguyn tc: Phng php xc nh da trn vic o hp th nh sng ca mt
dung dch phc to thnh gia ion cn xc nh vi mt thuc th v c hay hu c trong
mi trng thch hp khi c chiu bi chm sng. Phng php nh lng php o:
A = K.C
Trong :

A: hp th quang
K: hng s thc nghim
C: nng nguyn t phn tch

Phng php ny cho php xc nh nng cht khong 10-5 - 10-7M v l mt

trong cc phng php c s dng kh ph bin.

-271.4.Phng php quang ph hp th UV-VIS

1.4.1.Gii thiu phng php quang ph hp th phn t UV-VIS
C s l thuyt ca phng php trc quang phn t UV VIS
C s l thuyt ca phng php quang ph hp th phn t l nh lut LambertBeer:

D = lg

I
= .C.l
I
0

Trong : I0 l cng nh sng ti, C l nng dung dch (mol/l), l l b dy

lp dung dch (cm), : H s tt phn t, ph thuc vo bn cht ca dung dch mu, bc
sng ca bc x i qua v nhit ( 105 ), D l mt quang (hay hp th nh sng
ca dung dch).
My o quang ph hp th phn t UV-VIS
Ty theo cu to ca cc loi thit b m ngi ta chia ra lm hai loi my o quang l my
mt chm tia v my hai chm tia.
S ca my ph trc quang mt tia sng vi hai ngun sng v mt gi ng
cuvet di ng c biu din trn hnh 1.

Hnh 1. S ca my so mu quang in hai chm tia

-28-

Trong : 1. n Vnfram; 2. Knh lc sng; 3. Cuvet cha dung dch so snh; 4. Cuvet
cha dung dch phn tch; 5. T bo quang in vi hiu ng quang in ngoi. 6. Gng;
7.T bo quang in; 8. in k chun ha 100% T.
1.4.2.Cc iu kin ti u cho phng php phn tch
1.4.2.1.nh sng n sc
Do tnh cht c trng ca cc cht mu ch hp th nhng bc x n sc c bc
sng thch hp nn nh lut Lambert- Beer ch ng khi dng nh sng n sc nghin
cu.
1.4.2.2.Ph hp th
Ph hp th l ng cong biu din s ph thuc gia mt quang v bc sng
. ng vi gi tr bc sng max l mt quang cc i Dmax. Vi mi dung dch nghin
cu ta phi xc nh bc sng max trc khi tin hnh phn tch nh lng.

-291.4.2.3.nh hng ca nng

Thc nghim chng minh rng mt quang D v nng dung dch C ch
tuyn tnh trong mt khong gi tr nng nht nh gi l khong tuyn tnh ca nh
lut Lambert- Beer

Hnh 2. S ph thuc ca mt quang vo nng cht phn tch

Khong tuyn tnh l khc nhau i vi cc my o khc nhau v vi cc i
tng phn tch khc nhau. Do phi xc nh khong tuyn tnh cho tng php phn tch
c th.
1.4.2.4.nh hng ca pH mi trng
Nu thuc th l axit hay baz mnh th pH ca mi trng khng nh
hng n bn ca phc
Nu thuc th l nhng axit yu, thng l nhng phm mu hu c c c
im l thay i mu sc theo gi tr pH ca dung dch, do ta nn chn thuc th c gi
tr pH to phc mu khc xa gi tr pH m ti n i mu. Khi ta phi i tm iu
kin mi trng pH ti u cho qu trnh xc nh
1.4.2.5.nh hng ca ion l
Cation l: N c th tc dng vi thuc th. Nu to mu th phi loi tr cn
nu khng to mu th c th chp nhn c vi iu kin l hng s bn ca phc to
thnh

-30Anion l: Nu n khng tc dng vi cation cn xc nh th khng nh

hng nhng ngc li th phi loi b bng phng php che hoc chit bng dung mi
hu c.
1.4.2.6.nh hng ca thi gian
Thi gian n nh mu ca phc gia cht cn phn tch vi thuc th phi
c kim tra v cng mu ca dung dch ch bn trong mt thi gian nht nh.
1.4.3.Cc phng php phn tch nh lng
1.4.3.1.Phng php ng chun
Chun b mt dy dung dch chun c nng xc nh tng dn theo th t nht
nh C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6. Dng thuc th thch hp a dung dch v phc mu. Tin
hnh o mt quang ca cc dung dch chun ti bc sng max kho st. Sau , xy
dng ng chun D = f(C) v tm c phng trnh ng thng D = aC + b.
1.4.3.2.Phng php thm
Nguyn tc chung ca phng php thm: Ly ngay dung dch cht phn tch lm
dung dch nn.
C hai phng php thm: Thm mt mu chun v thm mt dy chun
1.5. nh gi sai s thng k trong phn tch
1.5.1. Sai s tuyt i v sai s tng i
Sai s tuyt i khng cho thy mc chnh xc ca php phn tch. bit c
chnh xc ca php phn tch ngi ta thng dng sai s tng i.
Sai s tng i ( ) l t s gia sai s tuyt i v gi tr thc hoc gi tr
trung bnh X . Thng thng sai s tng i c biu th theo phn trm:
% =

.100

Hoc % =

.100
X

-31

Trong : X =

X 1 + X 2 + X 3 + ... + X 4
n

= X-
1.5.2. Cc i lng nh gi sai s trong phn tch
Khi tin hnh nhiu php phn tch, tc l tin hnh lp li th nghim, ta thu c
mt dy cc d kin thc nghim. Cc khi nim sau y c trng cho phn tn cc d
kin .
1.5.2.1. Phng sai
Phng sai l trung bnh cng ca cc bnh phng nhng hiu gia cc gi tr ring
bit v gi tr trung bnh, tc l:
S2 =

( X i X ) 2
n 1

trong n l s ln th nghim

y l i lng rt quan trng c trng cho phn tn dng tnh sai s ngu
nhin.
1.5.2.2. lch chun v lch tiu chun tng i
lch chun c xc nh bng cn bc hai ca phng sai.
S=

( X i X ) 2
.
n 1

lch chun ca i lng trung bnh cng Sx c tnh theo cng thc
Sx =

S2
=
n

(X

X )2

n(n 1)

lch tiu chun tng i (%RSD) tc l h s bin ng Cv c tnh theo cng

thc:

Cv =

S
100% .
X

lch chun, % RSD hay Cv cng nh th lp ca phng php cng ln.

1.5.2.3. Bin gii tin cy
Ta c th da vo chun student tm bin gii tin cy:

-32

= x

t.S
n

trong =

hoc
t.S
n

= x

l bin gii tin cy.

Gi tr thc nm trong khong x - < < x + vi xc sut tin cy no .

1.5.3. Cch xc nh sai s

kim tra lp ca phng php ti phng th nghim ta lm nh sau: o cng
mt mu 5 ln, sau tm lch chun ca phng php. lch chun cng nh th
lp li ca phng php cng cao.
Xc nh chnh xc ca phng php: o 5 ln i vi mt mu phn tch bit
trc nng tm chnh xc ca php o.
1.6.Tnh hnh nghin cu v kim sot hm lng kim loi nng trong rau Vit
Nam v trn th gii
1.6.1. Tnh hnh nghin cu v kim sot hm lng kim loi nng trong rau trn th
gii

-33-

-34Hin nay, nn kinh t th gii ang pht trin vi tc cao nhm p ng nhu cu cu
nhu cu ngy cng tng ca con ngi v t mc tiu to mc cn bng mi vi s n
nh th trn trn ton cu. Cng vi s gia tng dn s, nhu cu cung cp rau xanh cho loi
ngi cng ngy cng gia tng mnh m. Tuy nhin, cng vi s pht trin kinh t ko theo
hng lot cc vn c lin quan n mi trng xung quanh gy cn tr cc qu trnh pht
trin cng nh sc khe con ngi. Do s pht trin mnh m ca th v cng nghip cng
nh s gia tng lng phn ho hc, thuc tr su trong sn xut nng nghip gy nhim
mi trng v nh hng n sc kho con ngi.Trong nhng nm gn y, cc t chc
quc t nh t chc Nng lng (FAO), t chc Y t th gii (WHO) v cc t chc khc v
vn mi trng a ra cc khuyn co, hn ch vic s dng ho cht nhn to vo nng
nghip, xy dng cc quy trnh sn xut theo cng ngh sch, cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh
s dng ngun nng lng ti to . T chc Y t th gii c tnh rng mi nm c 3 %
nhn lc lao ng nng nghip cc nc ang pht trin b nhim c kim loi nng trong
rau qu .
c cht c th tn ti nhiu hnh thc khc nhau nh cht v c hay hu c, th hp
cht hay n cht, dng lng, rn hay kh. Chng c mt trong c ba mi trng t, nc v
khng kh lan truyn v nh hng n h sinh thi ni chng tn ti. Do , tm hiu v xc
nh cc cht c trong mi trng s gip ta c bin php khng ch v x l n.
Theo tham kho kin ca mt s cc chuyn gia cho thy lm c cng vic ny
phi tn rt nhiu thi gian, kinh ph v sc lc v t c nhiu loi khc nhau v kh nng t
lm sch ca t cng nh kh nng m ca t l rt ln nn phi a ra rt nhiu cc thng
s c lin quan trong mi trng t nh thc vt, ng vt, kh nng lan truyn v hnh vi
ca cc c cht trong mi trng t, kh nng t x l v hp thu ca sinh vt trong mi
trng t
1.6.2.Tnh hnh nghin cu v kim sot hm lng kim loi nng Vit Nam
Mt lng ln kim loi nh km, ng, cadmium tch t trong rau c th gy ung th
t bin,ng c h thn kinh,ri lon chc nng thn.
Mt s cht c li c nhiu trong nhng loi rau ph bin nh rau dip, cn ty, ci bp,

-35khoai ty... Trc thc trng ny, lin tip trong nhng ngy gn y, U ban Khoa hc
Cng ngh v Mi trng ca Quc hi v B NN & PTNT t chc hp bn v vn
ny.
Th trng B NN & PTNT Bi B Bng cho rng ch vi thc t 3% rau xanh c
hm lng thuc bo v thc vt vt tiu chun cho php, tng ng vi hn 2 triu
ngi hng ngy phi n rau khng m bo. Thc t, vic hng ngy n phi rau khng
m bo tiu chun l mm mng gy nn nhiu cn bnh nguy him nh ung th, ng c
thn kinh, ri lon chc nng thn
1.7.S lc vi nt v sp l
Sp l, hay su l, bp su l, hoa l (ting Php: Chou-fleur),ci hoa, ci bng trng,
l mt loi ci n c, thuc loiBrassica oleracea, h Ci, mc quanh nm, gieo ging
bng ht. Phn s dng lm thc phm ca sp l l ton b phn hoa cha n, phn ny
rt mm, xp nn khng chu c ma nng. Phn l v thn thng ch c s dng
lm thc n cho gia sc
Vit Nam, cc vng trng sp l ph bin l min c kh hu lnh nh min Bc
vo ma ng hay cc vng ni cao nh Ty Nguyn, nht l vng Lt Lm ng.

-36-

CHNG 2 : THC NGHIM V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1.Dng c ,thit b ,ha cht
2.1.1.Dng c
Bnh tam gic ; a thy tinh ; phu lc, giy lc; cn phn tch in t Psecisa XT
220- A; cc thy tinh 50ml, 100ml, 250ml; bnh nh mc 50ml, 100ml; bp in; pipet
chun 2; 5;10 ml
2.1.2.Thit b
My quang ph hp th phn t UV - VIS: Jasca V 530 ca Nht Bn vi cuvet
thch anh
2.1.3.Ha cht
-

Amoni molipdat c nng 0.1mg/ml

Dung dch Cu2+ 0.01mg/ml,Fe3+ 0.01 mg/ml

NH4SCN 50%, NaCl 20% ,H2SO4(d=1,4),HCl (d=1.18) , NaF 4%

Dung dch thioure 1%

Nc ct 2 ln

2.2.Cch pha cc loi dung dch

2.2.1.Pha dung dch chun gc amonimolipdat (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O
Ha tan 2.0424 g (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O vo mt lng nc nh (nc ct nng).
Chuyn vo bnh nh mc dung tch 1000ml, lm ngui v thm nc ct n vch mc.

-372.2.2.Pha cc dung dch khc

Chun b dung dch amoni thioxyanat 50 % : ha tan 50g NH4CNS vo 50ml nc
ct.
Chun b dung dch NaCl 20%: ha tan 20 g NaCl vo 80 ml nc ct .
Thioure 1% : ha tan 1g thioure vo 99 ml nc ct .

-382.3.Ni dung nghin cu

-Chn cc phng php chnh xc , hin i c kh nng thc hin trong iu kin
phng th nghim nc ta
-Nghin cu cc iu kin ti u xc nh nguyn t Molipden
-Nghin cu p dng thc tin trn mt s mu thc t
-Xy dng mt quy trnh tng i hon chnh ,c kh nng thc hin trong iu kin
phng th nghim
2.4.Thc nghim nghin cu iu kin v c ha mu
2.4.1.Dung mi v c ha mu
Ta tin hnh v c ha mu bng phng php kh t kt hp .Sau khi tro ha
xong ,trn c s nghin cu cc ti liu v c im ca mu sp l chng ti chn
dung mi HCl v nc ha tan hon ton tro.
2.4.2.Kho st nhit v thi gian nung ti u
Sau khi chn c dung mi thch hp, chng ti tin hnh kho st thi gian nung
thu tro trng . em nung cc nhit khc nhau , chn nhit nung ti u.
C nh nhit v thay i thi gian chn thi gian nung ti u.
2.5.Thc nghim nghin cu iu kin ti u phn tch hm lng Molipden trong
sp l bng phng php trc quang phn t UV-VIS
2.5.1.Kho st chn vch o

-39Cch tin hnh : Cho 5ml dung dch Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml vo bnh nh mc
50 ml . Sau thm ln lt 25ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml
H2SO4(d=1,84), 1ml dung dich thioure 1% v 1ml dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% ,lc
u to phc Molipdenthioxianat c mu da cam. em qut bc sng trong
khong t 400-800 nm.
2.5.2.Kho st s bn mu ca phc gia Mo5+ vi thuc th theo thi gian
Ly 2 ml dung dch Amonimolipdat 0.1 mg/ml sau thm vo bnh ln lt 25ml
NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml H2SO4(d=1,4), 1ml dung dich thioure 1% v 1ml
dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% lc u to phc Molipdenthioxianat c mu da
cam . o D ti max trong cc khong thi gian : o ngay , 5 pht , 10 pht ,15 pht ,
20 pht , 25 pht , 30 pht , 35 pht ,40 pht , 45 pht , 50 pht , 55 pht , 60 pht .
2.5.3.Kho st nh hng ca Cu2+
Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml
+Thm vo 2 ml Mo6+ 0.1 mg/ml
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1%
+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5ml , 1.5ml ,3ml , 5ml ,10 ml Cu2+ 0.01 mg/ml
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .Sau em o D ti bc sng max.
2.5.3.Kho st nh hng ca Fe3+
-Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml
+Thm vo 2ml Mo6+ 0.1mg/ml
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1%

-40+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5 ml, 1 ml , 2ml ,5 ml ,10 ml Fe3+ 0.01 mg/ml

+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% . Sau em o D ti bc sng max
2.5.4.Kho st khong nng tuyn tnh
- Chun b 13 bnh nh mc 50 ml
- Th tch ca Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml ln lt l: 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,5 ml
,6ml , 7ml, 8ml, 9ml, 10 ml, 15 ml .
- Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4 ( d=1.4) ,
1 ml dung dch thioure 1%
- Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .
- nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml v o D ti bc sng max
2.5.5.Xy dng ng chun
-Chun b 13 bnh nh mc 50 ml
-Th tch ca Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml ln lt l: 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,5
ml ,6ml , 7ml, 8ml, 9ml, 10 ml, 15 ml , 20 ml .
-Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1%
-Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .
-nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml .o mt quang ca phc ti bc sng max.
2.7.nh gi hiu sut thu hi

-41 xc nh hiu sut thu hi ca phng php ta tin hnh phn tch trn 5 mu gi
vi nng ban u ca Mo6+ bit chnh xc. Tin hnh v c ha mu v to phc
Molipdenthioxianat. o mt quang ca phc Molipdenthioxianat bc sng max
t nh gi hiu sut thu hi ca phng php.
2.8.nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php
nh gi sai s thng k, chng ti tin hnh v c ha mu theo quy trnh phn
tch vi cc iu kin ti u chn mc 2.4 v 2.5 trn 5 mu gi, mi mu 5 ln
vi nng ban u ca Mo6+ bit chnh xc.
2.9.Quy trnh kho st
Trn c s nghin cu cc iu kin ti u ca phng php xc nh hm lng Molipden
xt trn, chng ti tin hnh xy dng quy trnh phn tch xc nh hm lng
Molipden trong sp l, t p dng xc nh cc mu sp l thc t trn a bn cc
ch thuc thnh ph Nng.
2.10.p dng phn tch mt s mu sp l thc t trn a bn cc ch thuc thnh
ph Nng .
2.10.1. Chun b mu sp l
Sp l c mua ti ch trn a bn thnh ph Nng trong khong t thng 3
n thng 4 nm 2012.Sp l c ra sch v ra li bng nc ct hai ln, ct nh
khong 1cm, v c bo qun lm mu phn tch. Cc mu c ct nh v c
xay nhuyn trong ci xay sinh t v trn u
2.10.2.Cc a im ly mu
Chng ti tp trung ly cc mu sp l a im ch Ha Khnh thuc thnh ph
Nng.

-42-

-43CHNG 3:KT QU V BN LUN

3.1.Kt qu kho st iu kin v c ha mu
3.1.1.Kt qu kho st dung mi v c ha mu
- 0.5 ml HClO4 c , 4ml HNO3 c ,2 ml H2SO4 c , 5ml H2O2 30 % , 4 ml KNO3 10
% lm cht bo v .
3.1.2.Kt qu kho st nhit v thi gian nung mu

-44Nhit

450

460

470

480

490

500

nung
(0C)
Hin
tng

-45D

0.9157

0.9168

0.9475

0.9365

0.9245

0.9164

-46Bng 1 .Kt qu kho st nhit nung

-47Thi gian

1.5

2.5

Hin tng

0.8962

0.9375

0.9436

0.9324

0.9285

( gi )

Bng 2.Kt qu kho st thi gian nung

(-) : Mu cha chuyn mu , ( +) : Mu ha tro trng
Kt lun : Nung mu nhit 470 oC trong 2 gi .
3.2.Kt qu kho st iu kin xc nh Molipden
3.2.1.Kt qu kho st chn vch o
Bng 3: Kt qu kho st vch o ca Mo
Vch o (nm)

Abs- ln1

Abs- ln2

Abs- ln 3

Trung bnh

450

0.7891

0.7956

0.7965

0.7937

460

0.8895

0.8924

0.8978

0.8932

470

0.7896

0.7935

0.7962

0.7931

Da vo bng s liu ta chn vch ph l 460 nm

3.2.2.Kt qu kho st bn mu ca phc theo thi gian
Ly 2 ml dung dch Amonimolipdat 0.1 mg/ml sau thm vo bnh ln lt 25ml
NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml H2SO4(d=1,4), 1ml dung dich thioure 1% v 1ml
dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% lc u to phc Molipdenthioxianat c mu da
cam .Tin hnh o mt quang D ti cc thi im khc nhau.Thi gian c kho
st ti bng sau.

-48-

-49Bng 4:Kt qu kho st bn mu ca phc

Thi gian o (pht) o ngay

Sau 5'

Sau 10'

Sau 15'

Sau 20'

Sau 25'

Sau 30'

0.4438

0.4554

0.4913

0.4955

0.4978

0.4954

0.4948

Thi gian o (pht) Sau 35'

Sau 40'

Sau 45'

Sau 50'

Sau 55'

Sau 60'

0.4936

0.4929

0.4921

0.4919

0.4915

0.4944

Vy nn o mt quang sau khi phc to mu khong 20 pht dung dch mu n nh

3.2.3.Kt qu kho st nh hng ca Cu2+ i vi vic xc nh Molipden
-Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml
+Thm vo 2 ml Mo6+ 0.1 mg/ml
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1%

-50+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5ml , 1.5ml ,3ml , 5ml ,10 ml Cu2+ 0.01 mg/ml
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .Kt qu thu c bng sau:
Bng 5: Kt qu kho st nh hng ca ng

-51Nng

Mo
6+

(m
g/

Nng
Cu2+
(mg/ml
)

Mt
quan
gD

ml)
0,004

0,0000

0,4946

0,004

0,0001

0,4976

0,004

0,0003

0,5012

0,004

0,0006

0,5065

0,004

0,0010

0,5070

-520,004

0,0020

0,5107

-53-

0 ,5

Gi tr D o c

0 ,4
0 ,3
M u i ch ng
M u o c

0 ,2
0 ,1
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T h t m u

Da trn biu th ta nhn thy ng hu nh khng nh hng n Molipden

3.2.4.Kt qu kho st nh hng ca Fe3+ i vi vic xc nh Molipden
-Qu trnh tin hnh : chun b 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml
+Thm vo 2ml Mo6+ 0.1mg/ml
+Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4
( d=1.4) ,1 ml dung dch thioure 1%
+ Cho 0 ml , 0.5 ml, 1 ml , 2ml ,5 ml ,10 ml Fe3+ 0.01 mg/ml
+Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .Kt qu thu c bng sau

-54-

Bng 6: Kt qu kho st nh hng ca st

-55Nng Mo6+
(mg/ml)

Nng Fe3+
(mg/ml)

Mt quang D

0,004

0,0000

0,4957

0,004

0,0001

0,5079

0,004

0,0002

0,5407

0,004

0,0004

0,5728

0,004

0,0010

0,5879

-560,004

0,0020

0,6159

Gi tr D o c

-57-

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

,7
,6
,5
,4
,3
,2
,1
0

M u i c h ng
M u o c

T h t m u

Nh vy st nh hng ng k n vic xc nh Moliden

3.2.5.Loi tr nh hng ca Fe3+
-Loi tr nh hng ca Fe3+ bng NaF
-Kt qu loi tr c th hin bng kt qu v s sau:
Bng 7:Kt qu loi tr nh hng ca st

-58Nng Mo6+
(mg/ml)

Nng Fe3+
(mg/ml)

Th tch NaF 4%

Mt quang D

(ml)

0.004

0.000

0.4972

0.004

0.001

0.5549

0.004

0.001

0.5503

0.004

0.001

0.5467

0.004

0.001

0.5356

0.004

0.001

0.5224

0.004

0.001

0.5025

0.004

0.001

0.5145

-590.004

0.001

0.5257

0 ,6
0 ,5
G tr D o c

0 ,4
0 ,3

M u i ch ng
M u o c

0 ,2
0 ,1
0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T h t m u

3.4.Kho st khong nng tuyn tnh

-Chun b 13 bnh nh mc 50 ml
-Th tch ca Mo6+ c nng 0.1mg/ml ln lt l: 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,5 ml ,
6ml , 7ml, 8ml, 9ml, 10 ml, 15 ml .
-Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4 ( d=1.4) ,1
ml dung dch thioure 1%
-Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .

-60-nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml v o D ti bc sng 460 nm .Kt qu thu c

bng sau
Bng 8: Kt qu kho st khong nng tuyn tnh

-61CMo6+(mg/ml)

0,001

0,002

0,004

0,006

0,008

0,010

0.2132

0.312

0.4917

0.7248

0.908

1.102

CMo6+(mg/ml)

0.012

0,014

0,016

0,018

0,020

0.03

-62D

1.2536

1.4231

1.7341

2.8124

2.7751

2.687

-63-

Vy khong nng thch hp tin hnh php o l t 0,001 mg/ml n 0,016 mg/ml
3.5.Kt qu xy dng ng chun
-Dy chun

gm 6 bnh nh mc 50 ml

-Thm vo mi bnh ln lt 0.5ml, 1ml ,2ml, 3ml, 4ml ,5 ml Mo6+ 0.1 mg/ml
- Cho vo mi bnh thm 25 ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl ( d=1.18) , 5 ml H2SO4 ( d=1.4) ,1
ml dung dch thioure 1%
- Thm vo 1 ml amonithiocianat 1% .
- nh mc bng nc ct n 50 ml v o D ti bc sng 460 nm .Kt qu thu c
bng sau

Bng 9: Kt qu xy dng ng chun

-64Nng

Mo6+
(mg/ml)
0.001

0.2134

0.002

0.3115

0.004

0.4921

0.006

0.7252

0.008

0.8854

-650.01

1.105

-66-

th biu din s ph thuc gia mt quang ca phc Molipdenthioxyanat vo hm

lng Mo6+
3.6.Kt qu kho st hiu sut thu hi ca phng php
xc nh hiu sut thu hi ca phng php, chng ti tin hnh phn tch hm
lng Molipden trn 5 mu gi.Sau tin hnh nh cc iu kin ti u chn
cc mc trn.Kt qu th hin trn bng .
Bng 10:Kt qu tnh hiu sut thu hi ca phng php

-67Nng Mo6+
Ln o

Nng Mo6+

thc t

o c

(mg/ml)

(mg/ml)

Hiu sut thu

hi (%)

0.004

0.00353

88.25

0.004

0.00347

86.75

0.004

0.00355

88.75

0.004

0.00351

87.75

0.004

0.00350

87.5

-68H trung bnh

87.8

-69-

Hiu sut thu hi trung bnh l 87.8%, t yu cu ca phng php phn tch vi lng.
3.7.Kt qu nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php
Chun b hai mu gi: hai mu c nng khc nhau, tin hnh quy trnh phn tch mu gi
nh khi xc nh hiu sut thu hi , lm 5 ln th nghim. Kt qu thu c th hin
trn bng 1 v kt qu tnh mt s i lng c trng sai s thng k ca phng
php c th hin trn bng 2.
Bng 11:Gi tr nng Mo6+ o c ca mu gi sau 5 ln o

-70Ln o
Nng

0.004

0.00342

0.00345

0.00351

0.00344 0.00353

-71Mo6+
(mg/
ml)

0.006

0.00532

0.00546

0.00535

0.00534 0.00541

-72Bng 12: Mt s kt qu nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php

-73Cc i lng c trng

Nng Mo6+ 0.004

Nng Mo6+ 0.006

(mg/ml)

(mg/ml)

Nng trung bnh X

3.47x10-3

5.38x10-3

Phng sai S2

2.25x10-9

3.35x10-9

4.74x10-5

5.79x10-5

2.12x10-5

2.59x10-5

1.36

1.07

lch chun ca php o

S
lch chun ca i
lng trung bnh cng

sX
H s bin ng Cv%
Bin gii tin cy

5.88x10-5

7.18x10-5

-74Sai s tng i %

1.69

1.33

-75(vi = 0.95, k = 4, t,k = 2.776)

Kt qu cho thy, sai s tng i % nh chng t phng php c chnh xc
cao, h s bin ng nh chng t lp li tt.
3.8.Quy trnh phn tch xc nh hm lng Molipden trong sp l
Trn c s kt qu kho st cc iu kin ca phng php phn tch hm lng
Molipden trong sp l t mc 3.1 n mc 3.7 chng ti tin hnh xc nh quy trnh
phn tch Molipden trong sp l .
Sp l sau khi mua v ra sch nhiu ln bng nc ct, sau xay nh bng my
xay sinh t .Cn chnh xc khi lng sp l trong khong t 20-50 g .Sau thm
vo mu 0.5 ml HClO4 c , 2ml HNO3 c ,1 ml H2SO4 c , 2ml H2O2 30 % , 2 ml
KNO3 10 % lm cht bo v.Sau ta em nung trn bp in n tro en , sau
em nung trong l nung nhit 470oC trong 2 n tro trng .Sau ha tan bng
HCl 20% v nh mc .
Thm vo bnh ln lt 25ml NaCl 20% , 7 ml HCl (d=1,16) ,5ml H2SO4(d=1,4), 1ml
dung dich thioure 1% v 1ml dung dich amonithioxyanat 50% ,lc u to phc
Molipdenthioxianat c mu da cam. yn sau thi gian 20 pht phc n nh
mu ri em i o mt quang ca dung dch bc sng 460 nm .
Mu trng c chun b tng t nh trn nhng khng c mt ca Mo6+ , thc hin
qu trnh v c ha mu trong mu nc.
Hm lng Mo6+ c tnh theo cng thc sau: C =

x
(mg/kg)
m

Trong m: khi lng mu rau mung ly phn tch

x: hm lng Mo6+ tnh theo ng chun (mg)
S phn tch mu :

-76Ly chnh xc 30 g sp l
xay nhuyn
+ 0.5 ml HClO4 c , 2ml H2SO4 c
+ 4ml HNO3 c , 5ml H2O2 30%
+4ml KNO3 10%

Than en

Nung 470oC trong 2h

Tro trng
Ha tan trong 5 ml HCl 10%,gn lc b cn v nh mc
bng nc ct ln 50 ml

Dung dch phn tch

+ 25ml NaCl 20%, 7ml HCl(d=1.16), 5ml
H2SO4( d=1.4)
1 ml dung dch thioure 1% , 5 ml NaF 4%
1ml dung dch NH4SCN 50%
Dung dch o quang

3.9.Kt qu phn tch mu thc t

-77T quy trnh phn tch xy dng, tin hnh phn tch hm lng Molipden trong sp l
cc ch thuc thnh ph Nng. Kt qu phn tch c thng k trong bng .
Bng 13: gi tr hm lng Molipden trong mt s mu sp l

-78Mu
s Ngy mua
p

mu

Hm lng Mo6+
a im ly mu

Loi mu sp l
(mg/kg)

l
1

9/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l xanh

4.22

12/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l xanh

5.45

16/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l xanh

4.45

20/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l trng

6.32

22/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l xanh

5.67

25/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l trng

6.44

27/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l trng

6.12

30/3/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l trng

7.78

3/4/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l xanh

3.89

10

5/4/2012

Ch Ha Khnh

Sp l trng

6.45

-79BYT /867

15.00

-80Qua bng kt qu phn tch cho thy hu ht cc mu sp l u c cha hm lng

Molipden nhng cha vt qu gii hn cho php ca BYT. Trong hai loi sp l th
sp l trng c hm lng Molipden cao hn so vi sp l xanh.Tuy nhin , sp l
trng mua ch Sn c hm lng Molipden cao nht (7.78 mg/kg) . iu ny
cng ph hp vi cc cng trnh nghin cu trc y v hm lng Molipden trong
sp l nhiu a im

-81KT LUN
Kho st c dung mi v c ha mu ,nhit v thi gian nung mu ,kho st chn
vch o , bn mu ca phc theo thi gian v kho st cc yu t nh hng .
2 . Xc nh c khong tuyn tnh v lp ng chun ca Mo
3. Xc nh c hiu sut thu hi l 87.8 %.
4. nh gi c sai s v lp li ca php o.
5. xut thnh cng quy trnh phn tch Mo trong sp l .
6. Quy trnh xut phn tch cc mu sp l trn a bn cc ch
thuc thnh ph Nng .

KIN NGH
1 .Phn tch hm lng cc kim loi khc c bit l cc kim loi c hi
2.Phn tch Mo trong cc loi rau khc nhau t c c s , k hoch bn phn v
ci to t tng nng sut cy trng .

-82TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Phm Th H (2008), Cc phng php phn tch quang hc, TP. Nng.
[2]. Tng Th Vit H (2009), Nghin cu xc nh hm lng asen trong nc b mt
bng phng php quang ph hp th phn t UV-VIS, TP. Nng.
[3]. L Th Mi (2007), Ha hc phn tch nh lng, TP. Nng.
[4]. T Vng Nghi, Hunh Vn Trung, Trn T Hiu (1986), Phn tch nc, NXB Khoa
hc v k thut H Ni.
[5]. http://dantri.com.vn/c7/s7-148482/anh-huong-cua-asen-doi-voi-suc- khoe.htm
[6]. http://danang-upload.dng.vn/images/fr7tmesqkfxep23dj19l.jpg

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