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LI NI U

in nng l mt dng nng lng ph bin nht hin nay. Trong bt k lnh vc no
nh sn xut, sinh hot,an ninh... u cn s dng in nng. Vic m bo sn xut in
nng phc v cho nhu cu s dng nng lng l mt vn quan trng hin nay. Bn
cnh vic sn xut l vic truyn ti v vn hnh h thng in cng ng vai tr rt quan
trng trong h thng in. Do nhu cu v in nng ngy cng tng, h thng in ngy
cng c m rng, ph ti tiu th tng thm cng ng ngha vi vic kh nng xy ra
s c nh chm chp, ngn mch cng tng theo. Chnh v vy cn phi tng cng cc
thit b bo v cho h thng in c th gim thiu, ngn chn cc hu qu ca s c
c th gy ra.
n mn hc Bo v rle gip cho sinh vin cng c c cc kin thc c bn v
bo v rle. T sinh vin s c nh gi ng n i vi tng loi bo v.
Trong qu trnh lm n ny, em nhn c s gip nhit tnh ca cc thy
c b mn, c bit l ca thy gio Th.s T Tun Hu. D rt c gng nhng do kin
thc ca em cn hn ch, kinh nghim tch ly cn t nn bn n kh trnh khi nhng
sai st. Em rt mong nhn c s nh gi, nhn xt, gp ca cc thy c bn n
cng nh kin thc ca bn thn em c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c, c bit l thy gio Th.s T Tun Hu
gip em hon thnh bn n ny.
H Ni thng 11 nm 2010
Sinh vin thc hin
Chu Vn Tun

Sinh vin thc hin: Chu Vn Tun Lp 2H2

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N MN HC R LE

H tn sinh vin: Chu Vn Tun

Lp: 2H2
Khoa: H thng in
*********************
I. PHN L THUYT
I.1 Nhim v v cc yu cu c bn ca bo v r le:
+ Nhim v ca bo v r le:
Khi thit k hoc vn hnh bt k 1 h thng in no cng phi k n cc kh nng
pht sinh cc h hng v tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng trong h thng in y.
Ngn mch l loi s c c th xy ra v nguy him nht trong h thng in. Hu
qu ca ngn mch l:
- Lm gim thp in p phn ln ca h thng in
- Ph hy cc phn t s c bng tia la in.
- Ph hy cc phn t c dng in ngn mch chy qua do tc dng ca nhit v c.
- Ph v s n nh ca h thng.
Ngoi cc loi h hng, trong h thng in cn c cc tnh trng lm vic khng
bnh thng nh l qu ti. Khi qu ti, dng in tng cao lm nhit ca cc phn dn
in vt qu gii hn cho php, lm cho cch in ca chng b gi ci v i khi b ph
hng.
m bo s lm vic lin tc ca cc phn t khng h hng trong h thng in
cn c cc thit b pht ghi nhn s pht sinh ca h hng vi thi gian b nht, pht hin
ra cc phn t b h hng v ct n ra khi h thng in. Thit b ny c thc hin nh
cc kh c t ng gi l r le. Thit b bo v thc hin nh nhng r le gi l thit b
bo v r le.
Nh vy, nhim v chnh ca thit b bo v r le l t ng ct phn t h hng ra
khi h thng in. Ngoi ra, cn ghi nhn v pht hin nhng tnh trng lm vic khng
bnh thng ca cc phn t trong h thng in. Ty mc m bo v r le c th tc
ng i bo tn hiu hoc ct my ct.
+ Nhng yu cu c bn i vi bo v r le l:
1/ Tin cy:
L tnh nng m bo cho cc thit b lm vic ng, chc chn. Phn bit 2 loi
tin cy.
- tin cy tc ng l kh nng bo v lm vic ng khi c s c xy ra trong
phm vi c xc nh trong nhim v bo v.

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- tin cy khng tc ng l kh nng ca bo v trnh lm vic nhm ch

vn hnh bnh thng hoc khi c s c xy ra ngoi phm vi bo v c qui nh.
nng cao tin cy ngi ta s dng r le v h thng r le c kt cu n gin,
chc chn, c th thch qua thc t s dng v cng cn tng cng mc d
phng trong h thng.
2/ Tnh chn lc:
Kh nng ca bo v ch ct phn t h hng ra khi h thng in gi l tc ng
chn lc.
Theo nguyn l lm vic, cc bo v c phn ra:
- Bo v c chn lc tuyt i l nhng bo v ch lm vic khi s c xy ra trong
mt phm vi hon ton xc nh, khng lm nhim v d phng cho bo v cc phn t
ln cn.
- Bo v c chn lc tng i ngoi lm nhim v bo v chnh cho i tng
c bo v cn c th thc hin chc nng bo v d phng cho cc bo v t cc
phn t ln cn.
3/ Tc ng nhanh:
Phn t b ngn mch cng c ct nhanh, cng hn ch c mc ph hoi cc
thit b, cng gim c thi gian st p cc h dng in v cng c kh nng duy tr
c n nh s lm vic ca cc my pht in v ton b h thng in.
gim thi gian ct ngn mch cn phi gim thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v
r le. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp thc hin yu cu tc ng nhanh th khng
th tha mn yu cu chn lc. Hai yu cu ny i khi mu thun nhau, v vy ty iu
kin c th cn xem xt k cng hn v 2 yu cu ny.
4/ nhy:
nhy c trng cho kh nng cm nhn s c ca r le hoc h thng bo v.
nhy c c trng bng hng s nhy Kn l t s ca i lng vt l t vo r le
khi c s c v ngng tc ng ca n. H s nhy:

kn =

I N min
I k

Yu cu: k n 2 : i vi bo v chnh.
k n 1,5 : i vi bo v d phng.

nhy thc t ph thuc vo nhiu yu t.

5/ Tnh kinh t:
i vi cc trang thit b in cao p v siu cao p, chi ph mua sm, lp t thit
b bo v thng ch chim mt vi phn trm gi tr cng trnh. V vy yu cu v kinh t

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khng ra, m bn yu cu k thut trn ng vi tr quyt nh, v nu khng tha mn

cc yu cu ny s dn n hu qu tai hi cho h thng in.
i vi li in trung p v h p, s lng cc phn t cn c bo v rt ln, v
yu cu i vi thit b bo v khng cao bng thit b bo v cc nh my in hoc
li truyn ti cao p. V vy cn phi tnh ton kinh t k thut trong vic la chn cc
thit b bo v.
I.2 Cc nguyn tc bo v hc
a) Bo v qu dng in: l loi bo v tc ng khi dng in i qua phn t c bo
v vt qu mt gi tr nh trc. Theo nguyn tc m bo tnh chn lc chia
thnh 2 loi:
- Bo v dng in cc i.
- Bo v dng in ct nhanh.
- Bo v dng in cc i:
Bo v dng in cc i l loi bo v m bo tnh chn lc bng cch chn thi
gian lm vic theo nguyn tc tng cp, bo v cng gn ngun cung cp th thi gian tc
ng cng ln.
- Bo v dng in ct nhanh: l loi bo v m bo tnh chn lc bng cch chn gi
tr dng in khi ng ca bo v ln hn gi tr dng in ngn mch ln nht i qua
ch t bo v khi c h hng u phn t tip theo.
b) Bo v so lch dng in:
Bo v so lch dng in: l loi bo v lm vic theo nguyn tc so snh trc tip
bin dng in hai u phn t c bo v. Nu s sai lch vt qu tr s cho
trc th bo v s tc ng.
c) Bo v khong cch:
Bo v khong cch l loi bo v dng r le tng tr c thi gian lm vic ph thuc
vo quan h gia in p UR v dng in IR a vo r le v gc pha gia chng.

UR

, R
IR

t = f

Thi gian ny t ng tng ln khi khong cch t ch t bo v n ch xy ra s

c tng ln. Bo v t gn ch h hng nht c thi gian lm vic b nht. V vy bo v
khong cch m bo ct chn lc trong mng c cu hnh bt k ( s ngun cung cp ty
, thi gian lm vic tng i b).
d) Bo v dng in c hng:
- L loi bo v lm vic theo gi tr dng in ti ch ni r le v gc pha gia dng
in y vi in p trn thanh gp c t BU cung cp cho bo v. Bo v s tc ng khi
dng in vo r le vt qu gi tr chnh nh trc v gc pha ph hp vi trng hp
ngn mch trn ng dy c bo v.

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T , thy rng bo v dng in c hng chnh l bo v dng in cc i

cng thm b phn lm vic theo gc lch pha gia dng in v p vo r le.
e) Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t b:
- Thc cht l bo v qu dng s dng b lc th t khng ly thnh phn th t
khng ca dng 3 pha. Khi c ngn mch 1 pha chm t s xut hin dng th t khng
(3I0) chy vo r le. Nu dng ny ln hn gi tr t ca r le th s tc ng ct my ct.
- Cun s cp ca bo v chnh l cc thanh dn ca mch in cn bo v, th cp
qun trn mch t bc ly 3 pha.
f) Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t ln:
- Bo v ny ly dng in lm vic vo r le l dng tng ca 3 BI t 3 pha. Khi
c ngn mch 1 pha dng vo r le bao gm 3 ln thnh phn dng th t khng v thnh
phn dng khng cn bng. Ngi ta chn dng khi ng ca r le ln hn dng khng
cn bng tnh ton nhn vi 1 h s kat. Nn khi c ngn mch 1 pha chm t th dng
vo r le ln hn dng khi ng v bo v tc ng ct my ct. Khi xy ra cc loi
ngn mch khc th thnh phn 3 I0 khng tn ti v r le khng tc ng.
I.3 Nhim v, s nguyn l lm vic, thng s khi ng v vng tc ng ca
tng bo v t cho ng dy:
a) Bo v qu dng c thi gian:
- Nhim v: Dng bo v cho cc li h c 1 ngun cung cp, chng ngn mch gia
cc pha.
- S nguyn l lm vic: Chia lm 2 loi. S nguyn l nh sau:

1MC

CC

1MC1

Tn hiu

3 RI

4 RI

5 RT

6 TH

2BI

Hnh 1 S nguyn l ca bo v dng cc i

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+ Bo v qu dng c c tnh thi gian c lp: thi gian lm vic ca r le khng

ph thuc vo gi tr dng ngn mch.
- m bo tnh chn lc bng cch chn thi gian lm vic theo nguyn tc tng cp. Bo
v gn ngun c thi gian lm vic chm nht
Gi tr dng in khi ng ca bo v IK trong trng hp ny c xc nh bi:

I RL
K =

k at .k mm .
I lv max
k tv .n i

Trong :
Ilvmax: dng in lm vic ln nht.
kat: h s an ton m bo cho bo v khng ct nhm khi c ngn
mch ngoi do sai s khi tnh dng ngn mch.
kmm: h s m my, c th ly Kmm = (1.5 2,5).
ktv: h s tr v ca chc nng bo v qu dng, c th ly trong khong
(0,85 0,95).
Phi hp cc bo v theo thi gian:
Nguyn tc phi hp ny l nguyn tc bc thang, ngha l chn thi gian lm vic
ca bo v sao cho ln hn mt khong thi gian an ton t so vi thi gian tc ng ln
nht ca cp bo v lin k trc n (tnh t pha ph ti v ngun).
tn = t( n 1) max + t

Trong :
tn

: thi gian t ca cp bo v th n ang xt.

t(n-1)max: thi gian tc ng cc i ca cc bo v ca cp bo v ng trc n.

t

: bc chn lc v thi gian.

+ Bo v qu dng vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc: thi gian tc ng ca bo v ph

thuc vo dng in qua bo v khi bi s ca dng so vi dng I k tng i nh v t
ph thuc hoc khng ph thuc khi bi s ny ln.
Bo v qu dng c c tuyn thi gian c lp trong nhiu trng hp kh thc hin
c kh nng phi hp vi cc bo v lin k m vn m bo c tnh tc ng nhanh
ca bo v. Mt trong nhng phng php khc phc l ngi ta s dng bo v qu
dng vi c tuyn thi gian ph thuc. Hin nay cc phng thc tnh ton chnh nh
rle qu dng s vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc do a dng v chng loi v tiu chun

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nn trn thc t vn cha c thng nht v mt l thuyt iu ny gy kh khn cho

vic thm k v kim nh cc gi tr t.

t1

t
t6
t2
t
t3
t
Hnh 2: Phi hp c tuyn thi gian ca bo v qu dng trong
li in hnh tia cho trng hp c tuyn ph thuc v c tnh c lp
Rle qu dng vi c tuyn thi gian ph thuc c s dng cho cc ng dy c
dng s c bin thin mnh khi thay i v tr ngn mch. Hin nay ngi ta c xu hng
p dng chc nng bo v qu dng vi c tuyn thi gian ph thuc nh mt bo v
thng thng thay th cho cc rle c c tuyn c lp.
T hnh v ta thy thi gian tc ng khi xy ra s c trn cng 1 on c bo v
th s c xy ra cng gn ngun th bo v tc ng cng nhanh. chnh l u im ca
bo v qu dng c c tnh thi gian ph thuc so vi c tnh thi gian c lp.
+ Vng tc ng:
vng tc ng ca r le bo v qu dng c thi gian l ton b phn ng dy tnh
t v tr t bo v v pha ti. Bo v t gn ngun c kh nng lm d phng cho bo
v t pha sau vi thi gian ct s c chm hn 1 cp thi gian l t.

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b) Bo v qu dng ct nhanh:
i vi bo v qu dng thng thng cng gn ngun thi gian ct ngn mch cng
ln, thc t cho thy ngn mch gn ngun thng th mc nguy him cao hn v cn
loi tr cng nhanh cng tt. bo v cc ng dy trong trng hp ny ngi ta
dng bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50), bo v ct nhanh c kh nng lm vic chn lc
trong li c cu hnh bt k vi mt ngun hay nhiu ngun cung cp. u im ca n
l c th cch ly nhanh s c vi cng sut ngn mch ln gn ngun. Tuy nhin vng
bo v khng bao trm c hon ton ng dy cn bo v, y chnh l nhc im
ln nht ca loi bo v ny.
m bo tnh chn lc, gi tr t ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh phi c chn
sao cho ln hn dng ngn mch cc i ( y l dng ngn mch 3 pha trc tip) i qua
ch t rle khi c ngn mch ngoi vng bo v. Sau y chng ta s i tnh ton gi
tr t ca bo v cho mng in trong n.
i vi mng in hnh tia mt ngun cung cp gi tr dng in khi ng ca bo
v t ti thanh gp A c xc nh theo cng thc:
Ik = kat.INngmax
Trong :
kat: h s an ton, tnh n nh hng ca cc sai s do tnh ton ngn mch, do
cu to ca rle, thnh phn khng chu k trong dng ngn mch v ca cc bin dng.
Vi rle in c Kat = (1,2 1,3), cn vi rle s kat = 1,15.
INng max: dng ngn mch 3 pha trc tip ln nht qua bo v khi ngn ngoi
vng bo v. y l dng ngn mch 3 pha trc tip ti thanh gp B.
u im:
- Lm vic 0 giy i vi ngn mch gn thanh gp.
Nhc im:
- Ch bo v c 1 phn ng dy 70 80%
Phm vi bo v khng c nh ph thuc vo ch ngn mch v ch lm vic h
thng. Chnh v vy bo v qu dng ct nhanh khng th l bo v chnh ca 1 phn t
no m ch c th kt hp vi bo v khc.

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INmax
INmin
Ikd

LCNmin

INngoaimax

LCNmax

Hnh 3: Bo v dng in ct nhanh ng dy mt ngun cung cp

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PHN II TNH TON C TH

bi
A. S LIU BAN U

B1

HT

MC1

D1
BI1

MC2

tpt1

B2
115 kV

D2
BI2

tpt2

P2

P1

24 kV

1. H thng:
SNmax = 1500 MVA; SNmin = 0,7.SNmax = 1050MVA; X0HT = 0,8.X1HT
2. My bin p B1 v B2:
Sdd = 2*30 MVA ; U1/U2 = 115/24kV ; Uk% = 12,5%
3. ng dy.
D1: L1 = 15km; AC-100;
Z1 = 0,27 + j0,39 /km; Z0 = 0,48 + j0,98 /km
D2: L2 = 10km; AC-75;
Z1 = 0,36 + j0,41 /km; Z0 = 0,56 + j1,02 /km
4. Ph ti :
P1 = 4 MW; cos1 = 0,9; tpt1 = 1s
P2 = 3 MW; cos2 = 0,8; tpt2 = 0,75s
5. c tnh thi gian ca rle:

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t=

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80
Tp ,s
I 1
2
*

CHNG I
CHN BI V TNH TON NGN MCH PHC V BO V RLE
I. TNH TON CHN CC BI PHC V CHO BV1 V BV2:
chn cc BI cho cc D1 v D2, ta ch chn t s bin i nBI ca BI.
Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI chn theo quy chun ly theo gi tr ln.
Dng th cp ly bng 1A.
T s bin i ca BI c tnh nh sau:
n BI =

IS
IT

Trong :
IT dng in th cp qua BI, IT = 5A.
IS dng in s cp qua BI.
IS c chn theo iu kin:
max
I S I lvBI
max
Vi I lvBI dng in lm vic ln nht qua BI.
2
Cc BV1 v BV2 lm vic in p trung bnh U tb = 24kV .

I.1 Chn t s bin i cho BI2:

Dng lm vic ln nht ca BI2:

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I pt 2 =

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

P2
3.U 2 cos 2

3
3.24.0,8

= 0,09(kA)

max
I lvBI
2 = k qt .I pt 2 = 1,4.0,09 = 0,126( kA) = 126( A)

Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI chn theo dy: 10-12.5-15-20-25-30-40-50-60(A) v

cc bi s 10-100-1000 ca n.
max
I S2 I lvBI
2 = 126( A)

Nn ta chn IS2 =150A.

Nh vy t s bin i ca BI2 l: nBI 2 =

150
= 30
5

I.2. Chn t s bin i cho BI1:

Dng lm vic ln nht ca BI1:
I pt1 =

P1
3.U 1 cos 1

4
3.24.0,9

= 0,107(kA)

max
I lvBI
1 = k qt .( I pt1 + I pt 2 ) = 1,4.(0,107 + 0,09) = 0,276( kA) = 276( A)

Dng in s cp danh nh ca BI chn theo dy: 10-12.5-15-20-25-30-40-50-60(A) v

cc bi s 10-100-1000 ca n.
max
I S1 I lvBI
1 = 276( A)

Nn ta chn IS1 =300A.

Nh vy t s bin i ca BI2 l: nBI 2 =

300
= 60
5

II. TNH TON NGN MCH PHC V BO V RLE:

Gi thit qu trnh tnh ton ngn mch ta b qua:
+ Bo ho t.
+ Dung dn k sinh trn ng dy, in tr ca MBA v c ng dy.
+ nh hng ca ph ti
II.1 Tnh ton chnh xc trong h n v tng i vi:
Scb= SdB= 30MVA; UcbI= Utb = 24kV khi ta c:

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U cbII = U cbI / k = 24 x

115
= 115(kV )
24

Dng in c bn trn cc on:

S cb

I cbI =

3.U cbI

I cbII =

S cb
3.U cbII

30
3.24

= 0,722(kA)

30
3.115

= 0,151(kA)

Xc nh thng s ca cc phn t trn s :

H thng:
EHT=Utb/UcbII=115/115=1
X 1HT

U tb2 S cb S cb
=
.
=
S N U cb2
SN

X0HT =0,8 . X1HT

Ch cc i:
SNmax =1500MVA
X 1HT =

U tb2 S cb S cb
30
. 2 =
=
= 0,02
S N U cb S N 1500

X0HT =0,8 . 0,02=0,016

Ch cc tiu:
SNmin =0,7. SNmax =0,7.1500=1050MVA
X 1HT =

U tb2 S cb S cb
30
. 2 =
=
= 0,029
S N U cb S N 1050

X0HT =0,8 . 0,029=0,023

Trm bin p:
My bin p l phn t ng yn nn: X1B=X2B=XB;
X0B ph thuc vo s u dy.
X B*( cb ) =

2
U k % U dm
S
12,5 115 2 30
.
. 2cb =
.
.
= 0,125
100 S dmB U cbII 100 30 115 2

X1B=X2B=XB=0,125
ng dy:
ng dy l ng dy n nn ta c:

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X D*( cb ) = xi .Li .

S cb
2
U cbI

Vi ng dy D1: L1 = 15 km, AC 100

X 1D1 = x1 .L1 .

S cb
30
= 0,39.15. 2 = 0,305
2
U cbI
24

X 0 D1 = x 0 .L0 .

S cb
30
= 0,98.15. 2 = 0,766
2
U cbI
24

Vi ng dy D2: L2 = 10 km, AC 75
X 1D 2 = x1 .L1 .

S cb
30
= 0,41.10. 2 = 0,214
2
U cbI
24

X 0 D 2 = x 0 .L0 .

S cb
30
= 1,02.10. 2 = 0,531
2
U cbI
24

Ph ti:
Trong tnh ton ngn mch ta b qua nh hng ca ph ti.
II.2 Tnh ton ngn mch:
II.2.1. S thay th:
Chia mi ng dy thnh 4 on bng nhau, ta c 9 im cn tnh ngn mch.

X d1
4

XB
E1

XHT
XB

X d1
4
6

X d1
4
8

X d1
4

+ Ngn mch ti cc im trn on ng dy D1 (t N1 n N5)

- Ngn mch ti N1 :

X 1 N1 =X 1 HT +

XB

X 0 N1 =X 0 HT +

XB

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- Ngn mch t N2 n N5
Tng qut:

Vi

X 1 N+ i = X 1 Ni +

X 1D1

X 0 N+ i = X 0 Ni +

X 0 D1

X 1D 1 0, 305
4

=0, 076;

X 0 D 1 0, 766
4

=0,192

+ Ngn mch ti cc im trn on ng dy D2 (t N6 n N9)

- Ngn mch ti N6 :

X 1 N 6 = X 1 N 5 +

X 1D 2

X 0 N6 =X 0 N5 +

X 0 D2

4
4

- Ngn mch t N7 n N9

Vi

X 1 N+ i =X1 Ni +

X 1D2

X 0 N+ i =X 0 Ni+

X 0 D2

X 1D 2
4

4
4

0, 214
X
0, 531
= 0, 054 ; 0 D 2 =
= 0,133
4
4
4

- S th t thun:

XB

E1

E1

Xdi

X1HT
XB
B

I1

i
U1N

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U11N
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- S th t nghch:
XB
Xdi

X2HT
XB
B

I2

E1

X2

i
U2N

U2N

- S th t khng:
XB

E1

Xdi

X0HT
XB
B

I0

X0
i

i
U0N

U0N

II.2.2 Tnh dng ngn mch ch max:

ch lm vic max ta c:
X1HT = 0,02; X0HT=0,016
Hai MBA lm vic song song: XB/2 = 0,0625
Cc dng ngn mch cn xt: N(3); N(1,1); N(1)
kho st s c ngn mch trn ng dy ta chia mi on ng dy lm 4 on
bng nhau, tc l ta s c 9 im tnh ngn mch c k hiu trong hnh t N1 N9 ta c:

X 1D1
4

X 1D 2
4

X
0,305
0 D1 = 0,766= 0,192
= 0,076 ;
4
4
4

0, 214
X 0 D2 0,531
= 0, 054 ;
=
= 0,133
4
4
4

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Ta tin hnh tnh ton cc dng ngn mch ln lt cho 9 im N1 N9 .

Dng in ngn mch th t thun ca mi dng ngn mch u c tnh theo cng
I 1N

thc:

(n)

1
X 1 + X

( n)

vi X(n) l in khng ph ca loi ngn mch n.

Tr s dng in ngn mch tng ti cc pha c tnh theo cng thc IN(n) = m.I1N(n)

Ta c bng tm tt sau:
Dng ngn
mch

X(n)

m(n)

N(1)

X2 + X0

N(2)

X2

N(1,1)

1,1

X2 // X0

N(3)

3 1

X 2 X 0
( X 2 + X 0 )2

a. Xt im ngn mch N1:

in khng th t thun l:
X1N1=X1HT+X1B/2=0,02+0,125/2=0,0825
in khng th t nghch l:
X2N1=X1N1=0,0825
in khng th t khng l:
X0N1=X0HT+ X0B/2=0,016+0,125/2=0,0785
Tnh in khng ph cho cc dng ngn mch:
in khng ph ngn mch mt pha l:
XN1(1)=X0N1+X2N1=0,0825+0,0785=0,161
in khng ph ngn mch 2 pha chm t l:
X (1N,11) =

X 0 N1 .X 2 N1
0,0825.0,0785
=
= 0,04
X 0 N 1 + X 2 N 1 0,0825 + 0,0785

Tnh cc dng ngn mch:

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Dng in ngn mch 3 pha l:

I N(31)* =

1
X 1 N 1*

1
= 12,121
0,0825

Dng in ngn mch 3 pha trong h n v c tn:

I N( 31) = I N( 31)* .I cb1 = 12,121.

30
3.24

= 8,752(kA)

Dng in th t thun khi ngn mch mt pha l:

I 1(N1)1 = 1 /( X 1 N 1 + X (1N) 1 ) = 1 /(0,0825 + 0,161) = 4,107

Dng in th t khng khi ngn mch mt pha l:

I 0(1N) 1 = I 1(N1)1* = 4,107

Dng in th t khng khi ngn mch mt pha trong h n v c tn:

I 0(1N) 1 = I 1(1N)1* .I cb1 = 4,107.

30
3.24

= 2,965(kA)

Dng in ngn mch mt pha tng hp l:

I N(11)* = mI 1(1N)1* = 3.4,107 = 12,321

Dng in ngn mch mt pha trong h n v c tn:

I N(11) = I N(11)* .I cb1 = 12,321.

30
3.24

= 8,895(kA)

Dng in th t thun khi ngn mch 2 pha chm t l:

I 1(N1,11) = 1 /( X 1 N 1 + X (1N,11) ) = 1 /(0,0825 + 0,04) = 8,163

Dng in th t khng khi ngn mch 2 pha chm t l:

I 0(1N,11) = I 1(1N,11) .

X 2 N1
0,0825

= 8,163
= 4,183
X 2 N1 + X 0 N1
0,0825 + 0,0785

Dng in th t khng khi ngn mch 2 pha chm t trong h n v c tn:

I 0(1N,11) = I 0(1N,11)* .I cb1 = 4,183.

30
3.24

= 3,015(kA)

Dng in ngn mch 2 pha chm t tng hp l:

I N(11,1*) = mI 1(1N,11) = 3 1

0,0825.0,0785
8,163 = 12,224
(0,0825 + 0,0785) 2

Dng in ngn mch 2 pha trong h n v c tn:

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30

I N(11,1) = I N(11,1*) .I cb1 = 12,224.

3.24

= 8,826(kA)

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9 ta lp c
bng nh sau:

Bng 1: Tng hp tnh ton cc tr s dng in ngn mch trong ch max

ti cc im ngn mch ng vi tng loi ngn mch.

V tr

8.752

4.555

3.079

2.325

1.868

1.639 1.460

1.316

1.198

IN

8.895

3.687

2.325

1.698

1.337

1.164 1.031

0.925

0.838

I0

2.965

1.229

0.775

0.566

0.446

0.388 0.344

0.308

0.279

IN

8.826

4.238

2.825

2.122

1.700

1.489 1.326

1.194

1.087

I0

3.015

1.032

0.623

0.446

0.347

0.301 0.265

0.238

0.215

I N max

8.895 4.555

3.079

2.325

1.868

1.639 1.460

1.316

1.198

I 0 N max

3.015 1.229

0.775

0.566

0.446

0.388 0.344

0.308

0.279

9.045

2.325

1.698

1.338

1.164 1.032

0.924

0.837

Dng NM
I N( 3)
I N(1)

(1,1)
N

3.I 0 N max ( kA)

3.687

II.2.3. Tnh dng ngn mch ch min:

Hon ton tng t ch max:
ch lm vic min ta c:
* X1HT=0,029; X0HT=0,023
* Ch c mt my bin p lm vic: XB=0,125
* Cc dng ngn mch cn xt: N(2), N(1,1) , N(1)
* kho st s c ngn mch trn ng dy ta chia mi on ng dy lm 4
on bng nhau, tc l ta s c 9 im tnh ngn mch c k hiu trong hnh t N1N9

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Ta tin hnh tnh ton mt cch tng t nh ch max. Kt qu thu c trong bng
di y:

Bng 2: Tng hp tnh ton cc tr s dng in ngn mch trong ch min

ti cc im ngn mch ng vi tng loi ngn mch.

V tr
Dng NM
I N( 2)

N1

N2

5.094

3.146

N3
2.276

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

1.783

1.465

1.301

1.169

1.062

0.973

IN

4.720

2.968

2.191

1.741

1.445

1.290

1.165

1.062

0.976

I0

1.604

0.793

0.527

0.395

0.315

0.277

0.246

0.222

0.202

IN

4.750

2.708

1.893

1.456

1.182

1.045

0.936

0.848

0.775

I0

1.583

0.903

0.631

0.485

0.394

0.348

0.312

0.283

0.258

I N min (kA)

4.720

2.708

1.893

1.456

1.182

1.045

0.936

0.848

0.775

I 0 N min

1.583

0.793

0.527

0.395

0.315

0.277

0.246

0.222

0.202

4.749

2.379

1.185

0.945

0.831

0.738

0.666

0.606

I N(1,1)

I N(1)

3I0Nmin(kA)

1.581

II.3 Xy dng quan h gia dng in ngn mch vi chiu di ng dy:

Trong ch cc i, ta c:
Bng 3: Kt qu tnh ton dng ngn mch trong ch cc i

Dng ngn
N1
mch
I N max ( kA)
I 0 N max

N2

4.55
5
1.22
3.015
9
8.895

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

3.07
9
0.77
5

2.32
5
0.56
6

1.86
8
0.44
6

1.63
9
0.38
8

1.46
0
0.34
4

1.31
6
0.30
8

Sinh vin thc hin: Chu Vn Tun Lp 2H2

N9
1.198
0.279
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3.I 0 N max (kA)

9.04
5

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3.68
7

2.32
5

1.69
8

1.33
8

1.16
4

1.03
2

0.92
4

0.837

Hnh 1: Bin thin dng ngn mch theo di ng dy

Trong ch cc tiu:
Ta c bng tng hp gi tr cc dng ngn mch sau
Bng 4: Kt qu tnh ton dng ngn mch trong ch cc tiu

Dng ngn
N1
mch

N2

I N min (kA)

4.720

2.708 1.893 1.456 1.182 1.045 0.936 0.848

0.775

I 0 N min

1.583

0.793 0.527 0.395 0.315 0.277 0.246 0.222

0.202

3.I 0 N min (kA)

4.749 2.379 1.581 1.185 0.945 0.831 0.738 0.666 0.606

N3

N4

N5

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N7

N8

N9

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IN(kA)

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Dng in ngn mch trong ch cc tiu

7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

L(km)

Hnh 2 Bin thin dng ngn mch trong ch cc tiu theo di ng dy

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CHNG 3
TNH TON CC THNG S CI T
III.1 Bo v qu dng in ct nhanh:
+ Ct nhanh theo dng pha:
Tr s ca dng khi ng bo v ct nhanh c chn theo cng thc:
Ik = kat.INngmax
Trong :
- kat = 1,2: h s an ton.
- INngmax: dng ngn mch ngoi ln nht ng vi khi ngun mang
cng sut cc i, thng ly bng gi tr dng ngn mch trn thanh ci cui ng dy
(dng ngn mch 3 pha).
Ta chn dng khi ng cho bo v ct nhanh cc on ng dy L1 v L2.
+ on L1:
c INngoaimax = IN5 = 1,868 kA
Ik1 = 1,2.1,868 = 2,2416 kA
+ on L2:
c INngoaimax = IN9 = 1,198 kA
Ik2 = 1,2.1,198 = 1,4376 kA
+ Ct nhanh th t khng:
Dng lm vic ca bo v ct nhanh th t khng cng c chn tng t nh
trng hp ct nhanh theo dng pha.
I0k = kat.3I0Nmax
Vi bo v trn ng dy D1, D2:
I0k1 = kat.3I0N5max = 1,2.1,338 = 1,6056 kA
I0k2 = kat.3I0N9max = 1,2.0,837 = 1,0044 kA
III.2) Bo v qu dng c thi gian:
Dng khi ng ca bo v qu dng c thi gian c chn theo cng thc sau:

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I kd(51) =

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

kat.kmm
I lvmax
kv

(Ly

kat.kmm
= 1,6)
kv

Trong :
- kv : H s tr v.
- kmm: H s m my ca cc ph ti ng c c dng in chy qua
cht bo v
- kat : H s an ton.
- I lvmax : Dng in lm vic ln nht
Chn dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng c thi gian trn on ng dy:
+ on L1:
Ilvmax1 = 276 A
Ik1 = 1,6.276 = 626,02 A=0,626kA
+ on L2:
Ilvmax2 = 126 A=0,126kA
Ik2 = 1,6.126= 201,6A=0,202kA
Chn thi gian lm vic ca bo v:
c tnh thi gian ca rle: t =

80
Tp ,s
I 1
2
*

Vi: I* =

I
I kd

III.3.1 Ch cc i:
Vi ng dy D2: Ik = 0,202 kA

Xt im ngn mch N9: IN9 = 1,198 kA

I* =

I N 9 1,198
=
= 5,931
I kd 0,202

t 2 N 9 = t pt 2 + t = 0,75+0,3=1,05 s

Tp2

I *2 1
5,9312 1
=
.t 2 N 9 =
.1,05 = 0,449
80
80

Xt im ngn mch N8: I8 = 1,316 kA

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I* =

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

IN8
I k 251

1,316
= 6,515
0,202

80
80
T
=
.0,449 = 0,867 s
p
2
I *2 1
6,515 2 1

t2N 8 =

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch trn ng dy D2:

Gi tr thi gian khi ng ca cc r le cho tng im ngn mch

I N max , kA
t2, s

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

1.868
0.425

1.639
0.554

1.460
0.701

1.316
0.867

1.198
1.05

Vi ng dy L1:
Xt im ngn mch N5: IN5 = 1,868 kA; tpt1 = 1s; t2N5=0,425
I
1,868
I* = N 5 =
= 2,984
I kd 1 0,626

t1N 5 = max t 2 N 5 , t pt1 + t

t1N 5 = 1 + 0,3 = 1,3s
I *2 1
2,984 2 1
T p1 =
.t1N 5 =
.1,3 = 0,128( s )
80
80
Xt im ngn mch N4: IN4 = 2,325 kA
I* =

IN4
I k 151

t1N 4 =

2,325
= 3,714
0,626

80
80
T p1 =
.0,128 = 0.8( s )
I 1
3,714 2 1
2
*

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch trn ng dy D1:

Gi tr thi gian khi ng ca cc r le cho tng im ngn mch

N1
I N max , kA 8.895

N2

N3

N4

N5

4.555

3.079

2.325

1.868

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t1, s

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0.051

0.197

0.442

0.800

1.3

T cc s liu tnh ton ta v c c tnh thi gian ca bo v qu dng c c tnh thi

gian ph thuc trong ch cc i nh sau:

c tnh thi gian trong ch cc i

III.3.2 Ch cc tiu:
Vi ng dy D2: Ik = 0,202 kA

Dng ngn
N1
mch

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

I N min (kA)

4.720

2.708

1.893

1.456

1.182

1.045

0.936

0.848

0.775

I 0 N min

1.583

0.793

0.527

0.395

0.315

0.277

0.246

0.222

0.202

Xt im ngn mch N9: IN9 = 0,775 kA

I* =

I N 9 0,775
=
= 3,837
I kd 0,202

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t 2 N 9 = t pt 2 + t = 0,75+0,3=1,05 s

Tp 2

I *2 1
3,837 2 1
=
.t 2 N 9 =
.1,05 = 0,18
80
80

Xt im ngn mch N8: I8 = 0,848 kA

I* =

I N8
I k 251

t2 N 8 =

0,848
= 4,198
0,202

80
80
T
=
.0,18 = 0,866 s
p
2
I *2 1
4,1982 1

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch trn ng dy D2:

Gi tr thi gian khi ng ca cc r le cho tng im ngn mch

N5
I N min , kA

t2, s

N6
1.182
0.433

N7
1.045
0.559

N8
0.936
0.703

N9
0.848
0.866

0.775
1.050

Vi ng dy L1:
Xt im ngn mch N5: IN5 = 1,182 kA; tpt1 = 1s; t2N5=0,433
I
1,182
I* = N 5 =
= 1,888
I kd 1 0,626

t1N 5 = max t 2 N 5 , t pt1 + t

t1N 5 = 1 + 0,3 = 1,3s
I *2 1
1,8882 1
T p1 =
.t1N 5 =
.1,3 = 0,042( s )
80
80
Xt im ngn mch N4: IN4 = 1,456 kA
I* =

IN4
I k 151

t1N 4 =

1,456
= 2,326
0,626

80
80
T p1 =
.0,042 = 0.762( s )
I 1
2,326 2 1
2
*

Tnh ton tng t cho cc im ngn mch trn ng dy D1:

Gi tr thi gian khi ng ca cc r le cho tng im ngn mch

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N1

I N min , kA

N2

4.720

t1, s

0.060

N3

N4

N5

2.708

1.893

1.456

1.182

0.190

0.413

0.762

1.300

T cc s liu tnh ton ta v c c tnh thi gian ca bo v qu dng c c tnh thi

gian ph thuc trong ch cc i nh sau

t(s)
1.3

1.3
1.2
1.1

1.05

1
0.9

0.866

0.8
0.762

0.7

0.703

0.6

0.559

0.5
0.4

0.433

0.413

0.3
0.2

0.19

0.1
0.06

0
N1

N2

N3

N4

N5

N6

N7

N8

N9

L(km)

c tnh thi gian ca bo v r le trong ch cc tiu

III.3.3 Bo v qu dng th t khng ct nhanh:

Tr s dng khi ng ca bo v ct nhanh dng th t khng c chn theo
biu thc:
Ik = kat .I0ngmax
Trong :
- kat: h s an ton, bng 1,2.
I0ngmax dng in ngn mch th t khng ngoi ln nht khi c s
c chm t ngoi vng bo v.
Chn dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng th t khng trn on ng dy L2 :

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Dng th t khng ngoi max l 3.I0N9max = 0.837kA

Ik(50N) = k0at.3I0N9max=1,2.0.837=1,0044 kA
Chn dng khi ng cho bo v qu dng th t khng trn on ng dy L1:
Dng th t khng ngoi max l 3I0N5max = 1,338 kA.
Vy dng khi ng l:
Ik(50N) = 1,2.1,338 = 1,6056 kA
III.3.4 Bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian:
Dng khi ng ca bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian c tnh theo cng
thc:

I kd(51N) = k0.I ddBI 2

Ik(51N)=k0.IddBI
Trong :

k0 H s chnh nh, bng 0,3

IdBI: Dng in danh nh BI,
Vi bo v trn on ng dy D1:
I0k1 = 0,3.300 = 90 A
Vi bo v trn on ng dy D2:
I0k2 = 0,3.150 = 45A
III.3.4.1 ng c tnh thi gian lm vic ca bo v th t khng:
Thi gian lm vic ca bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian chn theo c tnh
c lp
t02 = tpt2 + t = 0,75 + 0,3 =1,05 s
t01 = max(tpt1,t02) + t = 1,05+ 0,3=1,35 s

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3
2.5
2
1.35

1.35

1.5
1

1.05

1.05

0.5
0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

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80

90

100 110

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CHNG IV

XC NH VNG BO V V NHY CA BO V

I.Phm vi bo v ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh

I.1 Phng php th

- Chn dng in khi ng cho bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy D2 l:
Ik2 = 1,4376 kA
- Dng in khi ng ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh trn on ng dy D1 l:
Ik1 =2,2416 kA

IN(kA)

IN(3)

IkD1
IkD2

Nhn vo biu trn ta thy khong ng dy bo v 1 c th bo v c l nm

trong khong t im ngn mch N1 n sau im ngn mch N4 tc l khong 75%
chiu di ng dy D1. Chiu di bo v khong 7,5 km
Tng t vi bo v 2 ta thy bo v c khong t im ngn mch N5 n sau
im ngn mch N7 tc l khong 50% chiu di ng dy D2 khong 5 km

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 n mn hc Rle

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

I.2 Phng i s
Ch max
)Vi bo v 1:
30
xD1 = 0,39. 2 = 0, 0203
24
1

Ik1(50)=I

(3)
N

XB
(lcn1 )= X
+ xD1 lcn1 max
HT max +
max

1
2, 2416. 3.24
0,125
= 0, 02 +
=
+ 0, 0203*lcn1max
30
2

Vng bo v ca bo v 1 l: lcn1max =11,796 km

)Vi bo v 2:
30
xD 2 = 0, 41. 2 = 0, 0214
24
I kd 2(50) = I N (3) (lcn 2 max ) =

XB
+ X D1 + xD 2 lcn 2 max
2
1
1, 4376. 3.24
= 0, 02 + 0,125 + 0,305 + 0, 0214* l max =
cn2
30
2
X H max +

Vng bo v ca bo v 1 l: lcn2max= 5,351 km

Xc nh vng bo v ct nhanh th t khng:
Ch max
)Vi bo v 1:
30
x0 D1 = 0,98. 2 = 0, 051
24
Ik1(50N)/3=IN(1)(l0cn1max)=

1
X1 + X 2 + X 0

3
2, 2416. 3.24
=>
= 2. 0, 02 + 0,125 + 0, 0203. l max + 0, 016 + 0,125 + 0, 051 . l max

0cn1
0cn1
30
2
2

Vng bo v ca bo v 1 l: l0cn1max =11,729km

)Vi bo v 2:

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 n mn hc Rle
x0 D1 = 1, 02.

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

30
= 0, 053
242

Ik2(50N)/3=IN(1)(l0cn2max)=

1
X1 + X 2 + X 0

1, 256. 3.24
=
10
3
0,125
125

2. 0, 02 +
+ 0,305 + 0, 0203. l0cn2 max + 0, 016 +
+ 0, 766 + 0, 053 . l0cn2 max
2
2

Vng bo v ca bo v 2 l: l0cn2max =6,096km

1. nhy bo v qu dng c thi gian
nhy c xc nh theo cng thc:

kN =

I N min
I k

iu kin kN

1.5

a - Vi ng dy 1
Ta c

k N 1.51> =

I N 5min 1,182
=
= 1,89 > 1,5
I k 1.51> 0, 626

Nn bo v 1 t yu cu.
b - Vi ng dy 2
Ta c

k N 2.51> =

I N 9min 0, 775
=
= 3,837 > 1,5
I k 2
0, 202

Nn bo v 2 t yu cu.
2. nhy bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian
a - Vi ng dy 1

k N 0.51> =

I 0 N 5min 0,945
=
= 10,5 > 1,5
I 0 k 1.51> 0, 09

Nn bo v 1 t yu cu.
b - Vi ng dy 2

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 n mn hc Rle

k N 2.51> =

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

I 0 N 9min 0, 606
=
= 13, 467 > 1,5
I 0 k 2.51> 0, 045

Nn bo v 2 t yu cu.
Vy cc bo v u c nhy tha mn
S nguyn l bo v cho ng dy L1,L2

50N

50N

50

50

51

51

MBA1
L1

HT

L2
S2
S1

115k V MBA2 24k V

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 n mn hc Rle

GVHD: Ths.T Tun Hu

MC LC

I. PHN L THUYT.....................................................................................................................2
I.1 Nhim v v cc yu cu c bn ca bo v r le:.................................................................2
I.2 Cc nguyn tc bo v hc.................................................................................................4
a) Bo v qu dng in: l loi bo v tc ng khi dng in i qua phn t c bo v
vt qu mt gi tr nh trc. Theo nguyn tc m bo tnh chn lc chia thnh 2 loi:...4
b) Bo v so lch dng in:....................................................................................................4
c) Bo v khong cch:.............................................................................................................4
e) Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t b:..............................................5
f) Bo v dng th t khng trong mng c dng chm t ln:.............................................5
I.3 Nhim v, s nguyn l lm vic, thng s khi ng v vng tc ng ca tng bo v
t cho ng dy:.......................................................................................................................5
a) Bo v qu dng c thi gian:..............................................................................................5
b) Bo v qu dng ct nhanh:................................................................................................8
PHN II TNH TON C TH....................................................................................................10
CHNG I.....................................................................................................................................11
CHN BI V TNH TON NGN MCH PHC V BO V RLE...................................11
I. TNH TON CHN CC BI PHC V CHO BV1 V BV2:............................................11
I.1 Chn t s bin i cho BI2:.............................................................................................11
I.2. Chn t s bin i cho BI1:............................................................................................12
II. TNH TON NGN MCH PHC V BO V RLE:..................................................12
II.2 Tnh ton ngn mch:......................................................................................................14
II.2.1. S thay th:.............................................................................................................14
II.2.2 Tnh dng ngn mch ch max:............................................................................16
II.2.3. Tnh dng ngn mch ch min:...........................................................................19
II.3 Xy dng quan h gia dng in ngn mch vi chiu di ng dy:............................20
CHNG 3....................................................................................................................................23
TNH TON CC THNG S CI T...................................................................................23
III.1 Bo v qu dng in ct nhanh:........................................................................................23
III.2) Bo v qu dng c thi gian:...........................................................................................23
III.3.1 Ch cc i:............................................................................................................24
III.3.2 Ch cc tiu:...........................................................................................................26
III.3.3 Bo v qu dng th t khng ct nhanh:...................................................................28
III.3.4 Bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian:...............................................................29
CHNG IV..................................................................................................................................31
XC NH VNG BO V V NHY CA BO V.....................................................31
I.Phm vi bo v ca bo v qu dng ct nhanh.......................................................................31
I.1 Phng php th...........................................................................................................31
I.2 Phng i s....................................................................................................................32

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