Amino Acid

Mr. V. Kuzhandai Velu M.Sc. (Med Biochem) Tutor, Dept. of Biochemistry, IGIDS (kuzandai2707@gmail.com)
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Amino Acid

What is an Amino Acid (AA)?

Linear polymers of amino acid form structural feature of all proteins. General formula is RCH(NH2)COOH
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Amino Acid

Importance of Amino Acids (AA)

Components of peptides and proteins Neurotransmitters Glutamate, Glycine Hormones thyroid hormone Precursors for other metabolites Glucose in gluconeogenesis, Heme etc Glycine in bile salts.
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Amino Acid

Structure of Amino Acids (AA)

300 AA exist in nature only 20 is required for mammalian
proteins. 21 Selenocysteine and 22 Pyrrolysine. 20 AA only code for DNA AA has one Carboxyl group (except Proline), Primary amino group, side chain R-group.

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Amino Acid

Let Draw the general structure of L-Form Amino Acid

Carboxylic group

COO

Amino group

+ H3 N R group
sathish

H
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Amino Acid

Structure Side Chain (Polarity) metabolic function nutritional requirement

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Amino Acid
Mono Amino mono carboxyl acids

Aliphatic

Mono amino dicarboxylic acids

Aromatic

Dibasic Mono Carboxylic acids

Structure

Heterocyclic

Derived

Derived

Non Protein AA

Imino Acid

Non Alpha AA

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Amino Acid

Simple Mono amino mono carboxylic acids Branched Hydroxy Sulphur Amide

Glycine, Alanine

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

Serine, Theronine Cysteine, Methionine Asparagine, Glutamic Acid
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Amino Acid

Simple Amino Acids

Glycine - Gly (G) Alanine - Ala (A)

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Amino Acid

Branched Chain amino acids

Valine - Val (V) Leucine -Leu (L)

Isoleucine -Ile (I)

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Amino Acid

Hydroxy amino acids

Serine -Ser (S)

Theronine - Thr (T)

Tyrosine - Tyr (Y)

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Amino Acid

Sulphur containing amino acids

Cysteine - Cys (C)

CH2

CH

COOH

SH

NH2
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Amino Acid

Amide with amino acids

Asparagine - Asn

Glutamine - Gln
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Amino Acid

Mono Amino Dicarboxylic Acids

Aspratic acid - Asp (D)

Glutamic acid - Glu (E)

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Amino Acid

Di Basic Mono carboxylic Acids

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Amino Acid

Aromatic amino acid

Phenylalanine - Phe (F)

Tyrosine - Tyr (Y)

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Amino Acid

Heterocyclic amino acid

Imidazole group

Indole group

Tryptophane - Trp (W) Imino acid Proline - Pro (P)

COO
NH2
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+

Pyrrolidine Group

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Amino Acid

Try to match ?
Aromatic Suphur Aliphatic Iminoacid Basic Hetrocyclic Tryptophan Proline Histidine Valine Phenylalanine Methionine

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Amino Acid

Derived amino acid

Derived amino acids found in proteins:
After synthesis of protein some amino acid are modified Eg:- Hydroxy proline and hydroxyl lysine (Collagen)

Derived amino acids not seen in proteins (Non-

Protein)
Produce for metabolism of amino acid Free in the cell Eg Ornithine, Citrulline, and Homocystine
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Amino Acid

Non alpha amino acids;

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) Glutamic Acid
Beta alaine Constituent of Pantothenic Acid

Otherwise called as non standard amino acids

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Amino Acid

Polar side chain Non polar side chain

Side Chain

uncharged polar side chain

Acidic Side chain Basic Side chain

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Amino Acid

Polar amino acids:

hydrophilic R group : Can form hydrogen bond with H2O.

- OH group : as in serine, threonine and tyrosine

- SH group : as in cysteine - amide group: as in glutamine and aspargine - NH2 group or nitrogen act as a base (basic amino acids ): as lysine,arginine and histidine.

- COOH group ( acidic amino acids): as aspartic and glutamic .

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Amino Acid

Non - Polar amino acids:

R is alkyl hydrophobic group.

Cant enter in hydrogen bond formation.

Non polar amino acids ( glycine, alanine, valine, leucine,

isoleucine, phenyl alanine, tryptophan, proline and

methionine).

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Amino Acid

Uncharged polar side chain These have zero net charge at neutral pH Eg. Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Aspargine, Glutamine, Cysteine.

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Amino Acid

Acidic side chains

At neutral pH, the side chains of these amino acids are fully ionized, containing a negatively charged carboxylate group (-COO-). Eg, Aspartic acid (Aspartate) Glutamic acid (Glutamate)

Basic side chains

At neutral pH, the side chains of these amino acids accept protons, are fully ionized and positively charged.

Eg, Histidine, Lysine, Arginine

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Amino Acid

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Amino Acid

Metabolic function

Purely Ketogenic Both Ketogenic & Glucogenic Purely Glucogenic

Leucine Aromatic AAs Phe, Try, Tyr, Ileu and Lys Other 14 AAs

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Amino Acid

Nutritional Requirement

Essential

Methionine, Arginine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Phenylalanine & Lysine
Histidine & Arginine

Semi - Essential

Non Essential

Other 10 AAs
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