Professional Documents
Culture Documents
II.
Table
1) To c s d liu mi (CSDL)
Bc 1: Khi ng Access Start Run msaccess Enter Bc 2: Vo Menu File Chn New Click dng Blank Database ti hp thoi Task pane bn phi ca s Access
Click vo y to CSDL
Bc 3: Hp thoi File New Database xut hin thc hin hng dn nh hnh bn di
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2. Chn ni lu CSDL
1. Nhp tn CSDL cn to
3. Nhn Create to
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2) To Table
Bc 1: Ti CSDL hin hnh Chn th Table Double click vo dng Create table in Design view Bc 2: Hp thoi thit k Table hin ra:
Lp li th t t 1 n 4 nh trong hnh cho cc Field tip theo Bc 3: Xc nh kha chnh(Primary key) cho Table Bc 4: Lu Table Bc 5: Thc hin li cc bc 1 n bc 4 to cc Table cn li
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GV: Mai Lin Khng Kiu Number: Kiu s (d liu dng s) V d: Field Name SOLUONG DONGIA HOCPHI Data type Number Number Number Data type Date/Time Date/Time Date/Time
Kiu Date/Time
V d: Field Name NGAYSINH NGAYNHAP NGAYXUAT
Kiu Yes/No: Kiu lun l ch nhn 1trong 2 gi tr (true/false, Yes/no, 1/0) V d: Field Name PHAI LOAIVATTU GIADINH Data type Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Data type Currency Currency Currency
Kiu Autonumber: Gi tr t ng, t ng tng ln 1 khi thm mu tin mi Kiu Ole/Object: Kiu lu tr hnh nh Kiu Hyperlink: Kiu dng lin website (vd: www.yahoo.com )
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Khi nhp liu, ti ct DONGIA ch nhn gi tr t -32,768 n 32,768 (khng c s l) nhp s ln hn ta phi chn kiu khc Long Integer: 2,147,483,648 n 2,147,483,647 (khng c s l) Single: 3.402823E38 n 3.402823E38 Double: 1.79769313486231E308 n 1.79769313486231E308 Format: khun dng d liu khi hin th ca Filed dng Text, Number, Date/Time, Yes/No Vi kiu Text: Xt Field DIENTHOAI C Format: (@@@@)@@@.@@@
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Khi nhp d liu, ti ct DONGIA ch cn nhp 25000 khi qua ct mi hay dng mi ta s nhn c gi tr: 25,000 VND( Vi kiu Date/Time: Xt Field NGAYSINH c Format: DD/MM/YYYY
Khi nhp d liu, ti ct NGAYSINH khi nhp 26/12/81 khi qua dng hay ct mi ta s nhn c gi tr l: 26/12/1981 lu : Cch nhp ngy thng cn ty thuc vo quy nh trong Control panel Vi kiu Yes/No: Xt Field PHAI c Format: ;Nam;N Display Control: Text box (th Lookup)
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Khi nhp liu, ti ct MAHV do qui nh Input Mask l: LL l 2 ch ci bt buc nhp v 000 l cc ch s bt buc nhp do khi nhp, 2 k t u phi l k t ch v phi nhp 2 k t, cn 3 k t sau cng bc buc nhp v phi l s. Xt Field NGAYSINH c Input Mask: 99/99/9999
khi nhp d liu, ti ct NGAYSINH ta khng cn nhp 2 du / / phn cch ngy thng nm, ng thi k t s 9 m ch cho ta bit khng bt buc nhp 2 k s hay 4 k s
Default Value: Gi tr mc nh ban u khi nhp liu VD: Xt Field WEBSITE Default value: Khng c
khi nhp liu, ti ct WEBSITE khi thm mt mu tin mi th gi tr khng c s hin th m ta khng cn nhp.
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c. Cch to quan h cho cc bng Bc 1: Vo Menu Tools Realtionships Bc 2: Chn cc Table ti ca s Show Table sang ca s Ralationships (bng cch
Double click vo bng)
Bc 3: Click ti Field quan h ca bng th 1 v r sang Field quan h ca bng th 2. lc ny xut hin hp thoi Edit Relationship nh(hoc khng nh) du Check vo 3 dng nh trong hnh nhn nt Create
Enforce Referential Integity: Quan h b rng buc ton vn Cascade Update: Khi sa gi tr trn Field quan h ca bng 1 th Field quan h ca bng nhiu s c sa theo. Cascade Delete: Khi xa mt mu tin bn bng 1 th cc mu tin tng ng bn bng nhiu(c quan h) s c xa theo.
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III. Query
1) Cc bc to Query
Bc 1: Ti ca s Database hin hnh Click th Queries Double click vo dng Create Query in design view Bc 2: Ti ca s thit k query a cc bng ti ca s Show Table sang ca s thit k query (Double click vo bng) a cc Field t bng vo vng li (double click vo tn Field) Sort: Sp xp th t hin th cho Field Show: n hay khng n mt Field khi hin th Criteria: nhp iu kin cho Field
Bc 3: Chy query nhn nt Run trn thanh cng c hay phi chut ti thanh tiu ca ca s thit k query chn Datasheet.
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V d 2: Cho bit danh sch nhng hc vin c tn bt u bng k t H v c im t 5 tr i, gm Mahv, holot, ten, phi, ngaysinh,diem, mamh, tenmh
Lu trong cu ny ti ct H v tn, v trong table HOCVIEN hai Field HOLOT v TEN tch bit nhau ni 2 Field ny thnh 1 ta dng du & ni 2 Filed ny thnh 1 filed (Ho va ten). V d 4: Biu thc tnh ton trong Query Tn Field mi: <biu thc tnh ton> Tnh thnh tin cho tng ha n ca mi khch hng, gm Makh, TenKh, Sohd, Thanhtien
ThanhTien:[Soluong]*[Dongia]
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V d 5: Cho bit danh sch nhng hc vin c nm sinh t 1976 tr v sau, gm Mahv, h v tn, ngaysinh.
V d 6: Hm IIF C php: IIF(iu kin, gi tr ng, gi tr sai) Tnh kt qu u rt cho cc mn hc m hc vin thi, gm Mahv, H v tn, ngaysinh, diem, mamh, ketqua. iu kin cho Field Ketqua: >=5 th u ngc li rt Dng hm IIF tnh Ketqua:IIF([DIEM]>=5,Dau,Rot)
V d 7: Hm IIF lng nhau Tng t v d 6 nhng thm Filed Xp Loi vi iu kin nh sau: Diem >=8 Gii, DIEM >=6.5 n cn 8 Kh, DIEM >=5 n cn 6 Trung bnh, cn li Yu.
XepLoai:IIF([Diem]>=8,Gii,IIF([Diem]>=6.5,Kh,IIF([Diem]>=5,Tb,Yeu)))
V d 8: Hm IIF kt hp lm Left hay Right Cho bit nhng nhn vin thuc phng ban no gm Manv, Ho va ten, PhongBan. Bit Tn phng nh sau: nu 2 k t bn tri ca Manv l HC th Hnh Chnh, KT l K Ton, TH l Tin Hc
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V d 9 (Total Query): y l loi Query nhm tng Cc bc to tng t cc query trn ta thm bc sau click vo nt Total trn thanh cng c Query Design ta c thm dng mi l dng Total, ti dng Total thc hin nh sau: - Chn Group by cho Field gp nhm - Chn hm cn tnh ton (Sum. Max, Min, Count, ) cho Field lm gi tr tnh ton.
Mamh Mahv Hocphi
Mamh
Hocphi
Access Word
900000 600000
Total Query
VD: Tnh tng thnh tin cho tng khch hng mua hng gm Makh, Tenkh, TongThanh Tien
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Cc bc to tng t Select Query thm bc sau Click Menu Query Chn Crosstab Query ta c thm hai dng mi Total v Crosstab Ti dng Total lm tng t Total query Ti dng Crosstab: o Chn Column heading cho Filed lm tiu ct
V d 11 (Crosstab query): Xem s lng t hng ca tng khch hng theo tng sn
phm, trong tn sn phm th hin theo ct.
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V d 12 (Cosstab Query): Trnh by bng thng k tng s lng mua cc mt hng theo tng nh cung cp (Tn nh cung cp th hin theo ct)
V d 14: Query nhn hai tham s: Lit k theo s lng mua cc sn phm ca tng khch hng, ch lit k s lng trong mt khong do ngi dng nhp vo.
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2.4 Action Query: L loi query dng cp nht d liu mt cch ng lot cho table.
To mt bng mi, ni d liu t cc bng thnh mt bng duy nht.
Lu : xem kt qu ca cu query Bn sang Table MONHOC kim tra. V d 16 (Update query): Cng 1.5 im cho tt c cc hc vin c ni sinh vng tu
Run !
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Sang th Table kim tra kt qu (ta c thm 1 Table mi l KETQUADAU) V d 19: Tng t v d 18 to bng c tn KETQUAROT cha nhng hc vin c kt qu rt V d 20: To bng BAOCAO gm cc ct tn hng, tn nh cung cp, thnh tin
OK Run !
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2.4.3 Append query: l loi query dng ni d liu t nhiu bng thnh mt bng
duy nht Cc bc to: u tin to Select Query nh thng thng(ly bng ngun, ly Field): Vo Menu Query Append Query Hp thoi Append hin ra Ti Table Name Chn Table ch cn ni OK Run V d 21: Ni bng KETQUADAU (v d 18) vo bng KETQUAROT (v d 19)
Vo menu query Append query OK Run ! 2.4.4 Delete query: Dng xa d liu tha mn iu kin a ra Cc bc to tng t Select Query nhng thm bc sau: Vo Menu Query Delete Query Ta c thm dng mi: Delete chn Filed cha mu tin cn xo nhp iu kin ti dng Criteria Run ! V d 22: Xa nhng hc vin c im di 7 trong bng KETQUADAU
Run ! Yes
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V d 23: Cho bit danh sch nhng khch hng cha t hng, gm makh, ten kh, dia chi
V d 24: Cho bit nhng mt hng no cha c cung cp (khng c mt trong bng HOADON)
V d 25: Cho bit danh sch nhng hc vin c trong bng hc vin nhng khng c trong bng ng k
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IV.
Form
- Form l cng c cho php to giao din chng trnh gia ngi s dng v chng trnh khi tng tc. - Form l ni hin th, nhp, hiu chnh d liu. - Ngun d liu to Form c th l Table hoc Query
b. Dng Tabular
c. Dng Datasheet
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d. Dng Main-sub
2.
2. Chn cc Field th hin trn Form bng cch a cc Field t vng Available Fields sang Selected Fields
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3) To Form Main sub: Ngun d liu cho Form Main-sub thng c hai bng (Form Main bng bn 1, Form Sub bng bn nhiu) Bc 1: Ti ca s Database Click vo i tng Form Click nt New. Bc 2: Trong hp thoi New Form chn Form Wizard Click OK Bc 3: Xut hin cc hp thoi Wizard
Hp thoi Form Wizard th 1 1. Chn Table/query lm ngun d liu cho form main (bng bn 1) Chn cc field cho form main(Double click field t vng Available Fields a sang vng Selected Fields.) 2. Chn Table/query lm ngun d liu cho form sub (bng bn nhiu) Chn cc field cho form sub (Double click field t vng Available Fields a sang vng Selected Fields.)
1. Chn bng bn 1
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Label: to mt i tng hin th chui d liu Option Group: to mt i tng nhm, cha cc i tng Check box, option buton, Toggle button Option button: to mt i tng c 2 ch chn/khng Combo box: to mt i tng dng lit k danh sch, c th nhp d liu Command button: to mt i tng dng nt nhn Unbound object frame: to i tng cha hnh nh, biu
Checkbox: to mt i tng c 2 ch chn/khng chn List View: to mt i tng dng danh sch la chn Image: to mt i tng dng trn mt hnh nh
Tab Control: to mt i tng dng hin th cc form theo dng trang(th) Line: to mt i tng dng v mt ng thng
Label
Option button
Combo box
Text box
Command button
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d. i tng Combobox
Cc bc to mt combo box bng wizard
B1: Chn i tng Control Wizard trn Toolbox (i tng phi trng thi bt) B2: Chn i tng Combo box r chut vo Form v v ti v tr cn to Combobox B3: Cc hp thoi Wizard hin ra
Hp thoi Combo box Wizard th 1
Trng hp combo box nhn gi tr t mt vng ca bng hay query ta chn I want the combo box to look up Trng hp gi tr ca combo box l do ta nhp ta chn I Will type in the value Trong trng hp ny ta chn I Want the combo box to lookup Nhn next sang hp thoi k tip
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1. Sp xp th t hin th
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1. B du Check
1. Chn Field nhp gi tr vo table khi ta chn gi tr tng ng trn combo box
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Bc 1: Bt cng c Control wizard, click vo i tng Command Button v vo Form Bc 2: Cc hp thoi command buton wizard hin ra:
Hp thoi Command buton Wizard th 1
Nu cc nt lnh lin quan n di chuyn mu tin (u, lui, ti, cui) ta chn Record Navigation trn danh mc Categories. V chn hnh ng ti mc Action. Nu cc nt lnh lin quan n vic thm, xo,..mu tin ta chn Record Operations Nu cc nt lnh lin quan n vic ng Form, m Form,.. Ta chn Form Operations
Hp thoi Command buton Wizard th 2
chn cch th hin giao din trn nt l Text hay Picture Next
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Form ch Design
- Tn ca Combo box : Name: MADV - Vo thuc tnh Form sub (NHANVIEN) Th Data - Kim tra 2 thuc tnh: Link Child Field, Link Master Filed. - i tn thuc tnh Link Master Field thnh tn ca combo box (MADV)
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Ct 1
Name: MADV
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- V 1 Text box vo Form Footer ca Form con, t tn l: TNC, nhp cng thc = Sum([Ngaycong] ) - V 1 Text box ln Form Main p dng cng thc sau = Tn Form Sub . Form ! Tn i tng cha gi tr trong Form Sub
= NHANVIEN.Form!TNC
Hoc thay th vic nhp trn bng vic. Click v nt 3 chm thuc tnh Control source ca Text box Tng ngy cng. Thc hin nh hnh bn Double click v TNC c cng thc OK
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V.
Report
L cng c cho php to ra cc bo co dng tng hp d liu t CSDL ra mn hnh my tnh hay ra my in.
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4) Cch to Report
Ngun d liu cho report c th l query/table, Cch to tng t nh to Form 5) Cch to report gp nhm - Group/Total Cc bc to tng t Form Main Sub B1: Ti ca s Database Click vo i tng Report Click nt New. B2: Hp thoi New Report hin ra Chn Report Wizard OK B3: Cc hp thoi Report Wizard hin ra:
Hp thoi Report buton Wizard th 1
1. Chn Table/Query lm ngun d liu cho Report. Nu l table t nht l ly 2 ln, mi ln 1 bng (1-)
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1. Chn Table bn 1
2. Nhn Next
2. Nhn Next
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1. Chn kiu trnh by cho Report - Stepped tiu xut hin u mi trang - Outline tiu xut hin u mi nhm
2. Nhn Next
2. Nhn Next
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Group Header
Group Footer
Thng thng sau khi to report gp nhm bng ch wizard th trong report ch c
thnh phn Group Header, c thnh phn Group Footer vo menu View chn Sorting and Grouping Hai gi tr Group Header v Group Footer chn l Yes
nh s th t trong Report
B1: V 1 Text box ti v tr cn nh s th t trong vng Detail B2: Nhp cng thc =1 vo trong text box B3: Vo thuc tnh ca Text box ny th Data Ti dng Running Sum xc nh cch nh s th t cho Report Over Group: nh s th t theo nhm. Mi nhm s nh s li t u: 1,2,3, 1,2, 3, 1,2,3 Over All: nh s th t ng lot t mu tin u cho n cui: 1,2,3
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VI.
Macro
L mt tp hp chui cc hnh ng c sn ca Access. Cc hnh ng ny s thc thi mt tc v no VD: M mt Form, xem mt bo co, Thm mt mu tin
1) To mi mt Macro
B1: Ti Database hin hnh chn th Macro Click nt New B2: Ca s to Macro hin ra
Chn hnh ng cho Macro ti ct Action Nhp ch thch cho hnh ng nu cn ti ct Comment Chn tham s cho hnh ng ti vng Action Arguments Lu Macro
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2) Macro nhm
l ni ta c th to mt Macro nhng cha nhiu Macro con, cc Macro ny c to thnh tng nhm gip thun tin trong qu trnh s dng Macro con trong nhm s c mt tn phn bit dng gi. gi Macro con trong Macro Group ta dng c php sau:
MacroGroupName.MacroName
B1: Ti Database hin hnh chn th Macro Click nt New B2: Ca s to Macro hin ra vo Menu View chn Macro Name
Nhp tn Macro ti ct Macro Name Chn hnh ng cho Macro ti ct Action Nhp ch thch cho hnh ng nu cn ti ct Comment Chn tham s cho hnh ng ti vng Action Arguments Lu Macro
Macro nhm vi cc hnh ng, ng form, xem bo co, m form, thm mu tin
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3) Macro iu kin
xem xt mt iu kin no trc khi thc hin m s hnh ng trong Macro, ta to Macro c iu kin
B1: T ca s Database, Click th Macro New B2: Ti ca s thit k Macro Vo Menu View Chn Conditions ct Conditions s xut hin Nhp biu thc iu kin ti ct Conditions tng ng vi hnh ng m ta mun qui nh. Chn hnh ng ti ct Action Nhp ch thch cho hnh ng ti ct Comment nu cn B3: Lu Macro
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Name: MAHV
Name: MAMH
Name: Somh
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Name: mamh
Name: Txtdat
Name: Txtrot
=KETQUA.Form!Txtdat
=KETQUA.Form!Txtrot
[mamh]=[Forms]![thongkehocvientheomon]![mamh]
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