Bin son: Trn An Hi BI TP CHNG 1

Bin c v mi quan h gia chng 1. Ba ngi u u t vo bt ng sn. Gi a) Hy m t cc bin c . b) Xt cc bin c sau: D = C t nht 2 ngi thnh cng, E = C nhiu nht mt ngi thnh cng, F = Ch c mt ngi thnh cng, G = Ch c ngi thnh cng. Hy biu din cc bin c ny theo cc bin c tng ng l cc bin c m thnh cng.

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Quan st gi USD nm tun lin. Gi t nht i tun gi USD tng, a) , c xung khc nhau hay khng? b) Lit k cc trng hp thun li cho mi bin sau: , ,

ng i tun gi USD tng. , .

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Kim tra 3 sn phm. Gi Sn phm th k tt. Dng cc php ton trn cc bin c, hy biu din qua nhng bin c sau: a) Tt c u xu; b) C t nht mt sn phm xu; c) C ng mt sn phm xu; d) C t nht hai sn phm tt.

nh ngha xc sut 4. tm xc sut ca cc bin c sau y th phi dng nh ngha xc sut no? A = Trng thng khi mua 1 v x s, B = Phi em i bo hnh khi mua mt tivi Sony. Mt bin c c xc sut bng 0 c phi l bin c khng th? Mt bin c c xc sut bng 1 c phi l bin c chc chn? Mt chic hp ng 6 qu cu trng, 4 qu cu v 2 qu cu en. Chn ngu nhin 6 qu cu. Tm xc sut chn c 3 qu trng, 2 qu v 1 qu en. p s: Tnh xc sut 12 ngi chn ngu nhin c ngy sinh ri vo 12 thng khc nhau. p s: 8. Mt on tu c 4 toa mt sn ga. C 4 hnh khch t sn ga ln tu, mi ngi c lp vi nhau chn ngu nhin mt toa. Tnh xc sut 1 toa c 3 ngi, 1 toa c 1 ngi v 2 toa cn li khng c ai. p s: Ba ngi A, B, C kho nh nhau thay nhau cng lm mt loi xt nghim. Sau mt thi gian thy c 4 xt nghim khng t. Tnh cc xc sut: a) Ngi A lm khng t 3, ngi B lm khng t 1 xt nghim; b) Mt trong 3 c lm khng t 3 xt nghim. p s: a) . b)

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10. C 30 tm th nh s t 1 ti 30. Chn ngu nhin ra 10 tm th. Tnh xc sut : a) tt c 10 tm th u mang s chn; b) c ng 5 s chia ht cho 3; c) c 5 tm th mang s l, 5 tm th mang s chn trong ch c 1 s chia ht cho 10. p s: a) Cc quy tc tnh xc sut 11. Cho ba bin c , B, C tha iu kin: Chng t rng cc s liu cho khng chnh xc. 12. Cho hai bin c v B, tha mn iu kin . Chng minh rng: . . b) . c)

13. Mt hm c 9 tm th nh s t 1 n 9. Chn ngu nhin ra hai tm th. Tnh xc sut tch ca hai s trn hai tm th l mt s chn. p s: 14. Chn ngu nhin mt v x s c 5 ch s. Tnh xc sut s trn v khng c s 1 hoc khng c s 5. p s: 15. Mt on tu gm 3 toa sn ga. C 5 hnh khch ln tu. Mi hnh khch c lp vi nhau chn ngu nhin mt toa. Tnh xc sut mi toa u c t nht mt hnh khch mi ln. p s: 16. mt nc c 50 tnh, mi tnh c hai i biu Quc hi. Ngi ta chn ngu nhin 50 i biu trong s 100 i biu thnh lp mt u ban. Tnh xc sut : a) Trong u ban c t nht mt i biu ca th . b) Mi tnh u c ng 1 i biu trong u ban. p s: a) b)

17. Mt ngn hng s dng 2 loi th thanh ton M v N. T l khch ca ngn hng s dng th loi M, N tng ng l 60%, 55% v c hai loi l 30%. Chn ngu nhin mt khch ca ngn hng. Tnh xc sut: a) ngi c s dng th ca ngn hng; b) ngi ch s dng mt loi th ca ngn hng; c) ngi ch s dng loi th M; d) ngi khng s dng th ca ngn hng. p s: a) b) . c) d) 18. Kh nng gp ri ro khi u t cc d n I, II tng ng l 9%, 7% v gp ri ro ng thi khi u t c hai d n l 4%. Nu u t c hai d n, tnh xc sut : a) ch d n I gp ri ro ; b) ch mt d n gp ri ro ; c) gp ri ro ; d) khng gp ri ro. p s: a) b) . c) d)

19. Mt lp c 25 sinh vin gm 3 loi: 5 gii, 10 kh v 10 trung bnh. Chn ngu nhin ra mt nhm 3 ngi. Tm xc sut trong nhm : a) Mi loi c ng mt ngi c chn; b) C t nht mt sinh vin gii c chn. p s: a) . b) 20. Mt hp c 15 bng n, trong c 3 bng hng. Tnh xc sut mt ngi mua hp ny nu ngi ly 3 bng kim tra m: a) c bng hng th khng mua hp bng n; b) s bng hng nhiu hn th khng mua hp bng n. p s: a) b) 21. Lp hc c 100 ngi, trong c 30 ngi gii Ton, 40 ngi gii Ngoi ng v 10 ngi gii c hai mn ny. Gp ngu nhin 1 ngi trong lp, tnh xc sut: a) ngi ny ch gii mn Ton; b) ngi ny khng gii c 2 mn no trong 2 mn Ton v Ngoi ng; c) ngi ny ch gii mt mn. p s: a) b) c) 22. Gi s v khc 0. Chng minh rng nu , th

23. Mt cng ty cn tuyn 2 nhn vin. C 6 ngi np n, trong c 4 n v 2 nam. Kh nng c tuyn ca mi ngi l nh nhau. a) Tnh xc sut c hai n c chn nu bit rng t nht mt n c chn. b) Gi s Hoa l mt trong 4 n. Tnh xc sut Hoa c chn. Tnh xc sut Hoa c chn nu bit rng t nht mt n c chn. p s: a) b) 24. Gieo ba con xc sc cn i mt cch c lp. Tnh xc sut : a) Tng s nt xut hin l 8 nu bit rng t nht c mt con ra nt 1; b) C t nht mt con ra lc nu bit rng s nt xut hin trn 3 con l khc nhau. p s: a) . b)

25. Mt ngi kim tra mt hp 12 chic bt my. Mi ln ngi ly ngu nhin ra ba chic bt, kim tra xong li b vo trong hp. Tnh xc sut sau 4 ln lm nh vy th tt c bt my trong hp u c kim tra. p s: 26. T mt b bi t-l-kh gm 52 cy, rt ngu nhin ln lt khng hon li tng cy cho n khi ln u tin ly c cy t th dng. Tnh xc sut qu trnh dng li sau khng qu 2 ln rt. p s: 27. Gieo 2 con xc sc. Gi S chm trn xc sc 1 chia ht cho s chm trn xc sc 2, Tng s chm trn 2 con xc sc l mt s chn. Hi v c c lp khng, c xung khc khng? p s:A v B khng xung khc, khng c lp 28. Chng minh rng nu bin c 29. Cho hai bin c c lp vi chnh n, th hoc .

v B, tha mn iu kin v B, sao cho

. Chng minh rng: . . Chng minh rng A v B khng c lp.

30. Cho hai bin c xung khc

31. C tn ti hai bin c ng thi xung khc v c lp khng? 32. Cc mnh sau y l ng hay sai: a) Nu cc bin c A v B xung khc, th chng c lp? b) Nu cc bin c A v B i lp, th chng xung khc? c) Cc bin c c lp tng i, th cng c lp ton phn? d) Nu , th A v B xung khc? p s: a) Sai. b) ng. c) Sai. d) Sai 33. Mt ngi b ngu nhin ba l th vo ba chic phong b ghi a ch. Tnh xc sut t nht c mt l th b ng phong b ca n. p s: 34. X th A bn n vin n vo mc tiu, cn x th B bn m vin n vo mc tiu . Xc sut bn trng ca A trong mt ln bn (1 vin) l p1, v ca B l p2. Tnh xc sut mc tiu b trng t nht mt vin n. p s: 35. Phi gieo mt con xc sc t nht bao nhiu ln vi xc sut ln hn c mt 6 chm. c th hi vng c t nht mt ln p s: S ln gieo t nht l 4 36. Ba ngi th sn cng bn vo mt con th vi kh nng bn trng tng ng l 0,4; 0,5 v 0,7. Kt qu l con th b trng mt vin n. X tht chia con th cho 3 ngi ny nn theo t l nh th no cng bng? p s: Nn chia tht con th theo t l 2 : 3 : 7 37. Mt cuc thi c 3 vng. Vng 1 ly 90% th sinh. Vng 2 ly 80% th sinh ca vng 1 v vng 3 ly 90% th sinh ca vng 2. a) Tnh xc sut mt th sinh lt qua 3 vng thi; b) Tnh xc sut mt th sinh b loi vng 2 nu bit rng th sinh b loi. p s: a) b) 38. Hai cng ti A v B cng kinh doanh mt mt hng. Xc sut thua l ca cc cng ti ny tng ng l 0,2 v 0,4. Xc sut c hai cng ti cng thua l l 0,1. Tm xc sut : a) Ch c mt cng ti thua l; b) C t nht mt cng ti lm n khng thua l. p s: a) . b) 39. Mt ngi u t vo 3 loi c phiu A, B, C. Xc sut trong thi gian T cc c phiu ny tng gi l 0,6; 0,7; 0,8. Bit rng cc c phiu hot ng c lp. 1) Tm xc sut trong thi gian T, trong 3 c phiu ny a) c c phiu tng gi; b) c ng mt c phiu tng gi; 2) Gi s trong 3 c phiu ny c ng hai c phiu khng tng gi. Tm xc sut B khng tng gi. p s: 1) a) b) 2) 40. Mt l hng c 6 chnh phm v 4 ph phm. Ly ngu nhin ln lt t l hng ra 2 sn phm theo phng thc c hon li. Tm xc sut ly c: a) ng hai chnh phm ; b) ng mt chnh phm ; c) t nht mt chnh phm. p s: a) b) c)

41. Mt l hng c 6 chnh phm v 4 ph phm. Ly ngu nhin ln lt t l hng ra 2 sn phm theo phng thc khng hon li. Tm xc sut ly c : a) ng hai chnh phm ; b) ng mt chnh phm ; c) t nht mt chnh phm. p s: a) b) c) 42. Mt ngi tham gia u thu 2 d n. Kh nng trng thu d n th nht l 0,6. Nu trng thu d n th nht th kh nng trng thu d n th hai tng ln l 0,8, cn nu khng trng thu th nht th kh nng trng thu d n th hai ch cn l 0,2. Tnh xc sut ngi : a) trng thu c hai d n; b) ch trng thu mt d n; c) trng thu t nht mt d n. p s: a) b) c) 43. Mt hp c 10 phiu, trong c 2 phiu trng thng. C 10 ngi ln lt ly ngu nhin mi ngi mt phiu. Tnh xc sut: a) ngi th 3 ly c phiu trng thng; b) ngi th 3 ly c phiu trng thng, bit trong 2 ngi u c 1 ngi ly c phiu trng thng; c) Nu ngi th 3 ly c phiu trng thng th kh nng ngi th nht ly c phiu trng thng l bao nhiu? p s: a) b) . c) 44. Lp hc c 100 ngi, trong c 30 ngi gii Ton, 40 ngi gii Ngoi ng v 10 ngi gii c hai mn ny. Gp ngu nhin 1 ngi trong lp, tnh xc sut: a) ngi ny ch gii mn Ton; b) ngi ny khng gii c 2 mn no trong 2 mn Ton v Ngoi ng; c) ngi ny ch gii mt mn. p s: a) b) c) 45. Trong mt hp gm 12 bng n c 3 bng hng. Ly ngu nhin ln lt theo kiu khng hon li 3 bng. Tnh cc xc sut : a) c 3 bng u hng; b) c 3 bng u khng hng; c) c t nht 1 bng khng hng; d) ch c bng th 2 hng. p s: a) b) c) d) 46. C hai chung th. Chung th nht c 5 con th en v 10 con th trng. Chung th hai c 3 con th trng v 7 th en. T chung th hai ta bt ngu nhin mt con th cho vo chung th nht, ri sau li bt ngu nhin mt con th chung th nht ra, th c mt th trng. Tnh xc sut th trng ny l ca chung th nht. p s: 47. Mt chung g c 9 con mi v 1 con trng. Chung g kia c 1 con mi v 5 con trng. T mi chung ta bt ra ngu nhin mt con lm tht. Cc con g cn li c dn vo mt chung th ba. T chung th ba ny li bt ngu nhin mt con g. Tnh xc sut ta bt c g trng. p s:

48. C bn nhm x th tp bn. Nhm th nht c 5 ngi, nhm th hai c 7 ngi, nhm th ba c 4 ngi v nhm th t c 2 ngi. Xc sut bn trng ch ca mi ngi trong nhm th nht, nhm th hai, nhm th ba v nhm th t theo th t l 0,8; 0,7; 0,6 v 0,5. Chn ngu nhin mt x th v x th ny bn trt. Hy xc nh xem x th ny c kh nng trong nhm no nht. p s: X th c kh nng nhm 2 nht 49. Qua kinh nghim, ngi qun l ca mt ca hng bn giy th thao bit rng xc sut mt i giy ASIDAS c 0 hoc 1 hoc 2 chic hng tng ng l 0,90; 0,08; 0,02. Ngi qun l chn ngu nhin 1 i giy loi ri kim tra ngu nhin 1 chic, th thy n b hng. Tnh xc sut chic kia cng b hng. p s: 50. T l ph phm ca mt my l 5%. Ngi ta dng mt thit b kim tra t ng t c chnh xc kh cao nhng vn c sai st. T l sai st i vi chnh phm l 4%, cn i vi ph phm l 1%. Tm t l sn phm c kt lun l chnh phm m thc ra l ph phm. p s: 51. Mt l hng gm 80 sn phm tt v 20 sn phm xu c vn chuyn v kho, trong qu trnh vn chuyn c 1 sn phm (khng r cht lng) b mt. Khi l hng v n kho, chn ngu nhin 1 sn phm. a) Tnh xc sut sn phm ny l sn phm tt; b) Bit rng sn phm c chn l sn phm tt, tnh xc sut sn phm b mt l sn phm xu. p s: a) . b) 52. Mt cng ti bo him chia dn c (i tng bo him) lm 3 loi: t ri ro; ri ro trung bnh; ri ro cao. Vic thng k cho thy t l dn c gp ri ro trong mt nm tng ng vi cc loi trn l 5%; 15%; 30% v trong ton b dn c c 20% t ri ro; 50% ri ro trung bnh; 30% ri ro cao. a) Tnh t l dn gp ri ro trong 1 nm; b) Nu mt ngi khng gp ri ro trong nm, th xc sut ngi thuc loi t ri ro l bao nhiu? p s: a) 17,5%. b) 53. Mt cng ti c 4 xe ca v 2 xe con vi xc sut lm vic tt trong thng ca tng xe ca l 0,85 v ca tng xe con l 0,95. a) Tnh xc sut nu chn h ha ra mt xe th n hot ng tt trong thng ; b) Bit 1 xe hot ng khng tt, tm xc sut xe l xe ca. p s: a) . b) 54. T l sn phm loi I do mt my sn xut ra l 80%; cn li l loi II. Sn phm sn xut ra c mt trm kim tra t ng phn loi. Tuy nhin kh nng nhn bit ng mt sn phm loi I v mt sn phm loi II ca trm tng ng l 90%, 95%. a) Tnh xc sut mt sn phm ca my c trm phn loi I; b) Tnh xc sut mt sn phm ca my c trm phn loi khng ng vi bn cht ca n; c) Nu mt sn phm c phn loi l I th kh nng n khng ng l bao nhiu? p s: a) b) c) 55. Mt x nghip sn xut mt loi sn phm. T l ph phm ca x nghip l 5%. Mt sn phm ca x nghip sn xut ra c qua hai trm kim tra c lp. trm 1: Xc sut nhn bit ng 1 chnh phm l 90%, nhn bit sai mt ph phm l 3%. trm 2: Xc sut nhn bit ng 1 chnh phm l 95%, nhn bit ng mt ph phm l 98%. Mt sn phm c a ra th trng nu qua 2 trm kim tra coi l chnh phm. Tnh xc sut: a) mt ph phm c a ra th trng (A); b) mt chnh phm b loi trong qu trnh kim tra (B); c) mt sn phm s c a ra th trng (C); d) mt sn phm a ra th trng s l ph phm (D). p s: a) b) c) d)

56. Trong mt c quan iu tra ngi ta dng my d tm ti phm. Kinh nghim cho bit c 10 ngi b tnh nghi th 7 ngi l ti phm. My bo ng ngi c ti vi xc sut 0,85. My bo sai ngi v ti vi xc sut 0,1. Mt ngi c my phn tch. Hy tnh xc sut: a) ngi ny l ti phm; b) my bo ngi ny l ti phm; c) ngi ny thc s c ti, bit rng my bo c ti; d) my bo ng. p s: a) b) c) d) 57. Trong mt thng cam em ra bn c 42% cam TQ, 24% cam TL, 26% cam CP v 8% cam VN. Trong s c mt s cam h gm: 20% ca s cam TQ, 10% ca s cam TL, 12% ca s cam CP v 2% ca s cam VN. a) Tnh xc sut mt ngi mua phi 1 tri cam TQ h; b) Tnh xc sut mt ngi mua phi 1 tri cam h; c) Bit mt ngi mua phi 1 tri cam h. Tnh xc sut tri cam y l ca CP; d) Bit mt ngi mua phi 1 tri cam h. Tnh xc sut tri cam y khng l ca VN. p s: a) b) c) d)