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MC LC MC LC...............................................................................................................1 LI CAM OAN.....................................................................................................2 DANH MC CC K HIU, CC CH VIT TT............................................3 DANH MC CC BNG.......................................................................................4 DANH MC CC HNH V, TH...................................................................

.5 Chng 1: TNG QUAN V WEBGIS...................................................................6 1.1. Khi nim c bn v GIS..............................................................................6 1.2. Cc gii php v ng dng GIS.....................................................................7 1.3. Tng quan v WebGIS ...............................................................................10 Chng 2: GEOSERVER WEBGIS APPLICATION .........................................18 2.1. Lch s pht trin ........................................................................................18 2.2. M hnh x l .............................................................................................20 2.3. Lu tr thng tin bng Shapefile.................................................................21 2.4. Kt ni d liu bn s dng WMS.........................................................25 2.5. Kt ni d liu bng WFS ..........................................................................37 Chng 3: H THNG QUN L TNH HNH SU BNH HI LA.............53 3.1. Kho st hin trng ....................................................................................53 3.2. D liu trong bi ton .................................................................................53 3.3. Phn tch v xc nh yu cu ...................................................................54 3.4. Xc nh Actor v Use case........................................................................56 3.5. Thit k kin trc h thng .........................................................................62 3.6. Chi tit ng dng.........................................................................................64 Chng 4: CI T V TH NGHIM..............................................................71 4.1. Ci t v cu hnh GeoServer....................................................................71 4.2. Ci t c s d liu....................................................................................71 4.3. Th nghim.................................................................................................74 KT LUN V KIN NGH................................................................................76 TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................................77

LI CAM OAN Vi t cch l hc vin cao hc ca Vin o to sau i hc ca Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni, ti xin cam oan ton b ni dung chnh ca lun vn khoa hc ny l cng sc nghin cu ca ti v ti xin chu hon ton trch nhim v ni dung ca quyn lun vn ny.

DANH MC CC K HIU, CC CH VIT TT GIS ESRI DBMS CSDL OCSI H thng thng tin a l (Geographic Information System) Vin nghin cu cc h mi trng (Environmental Systems Research Institute) H qun tr c s d liu (Database Management System) C s d liu Internet khch/ch hng i tng (Object-oriented client/server

Internet) DCS H thng tnh ton phn tn (Distributed Computing System) SQL Ngn ng truy vn c cu trc (Structured Query Language) OSF Nn tng phn mm m (Open Software Foundation) DCE Mi trng tnh ton phn tn (Distributed Computing Environment) EPSG Nhm kho st du kh chu u (European Petroleum Survey Group) GEODAS H thng d liu a vt l (Geophysical Data System) Ngn ng nh du vn bn i din cho cc i tng hnh hc WKT vector trn bn , h thng tham chiu khng gian ca cc i tng khng gian v bin i gia cc h thng tham chiu khng gian (Well-known Text)

DANH MC CC BNG Bng 1.T chc ca tp SHP...................................................................................22 Bng 2.Cc trng trong File Header......................................................................22 Bng 3.Cc trng trong Record Header.................................................................23 Bng 4. Point Record .............................................................................................24 Bng 5.Tp SHX.....................................................................................................25 Bng 6.Kt qu th nghim chng trnh................................................................75

DANH MC CC HNH V, TH Hnh 1:Kin trc WebGIS.......................................................................................12 Hnh 2:Cc dng yu cu t pha Client..................................................................14 Hnh 3: D liu GIS trong kin trc WebGIS n th.............................................15 Hnh 4: Chia s d liu GIS gia cc nhm ng dng.............................................15 Hnh 5: Kin trc cc dch v web ca OGC ..........................................................16 Hnh 6:D liu tr v ca cc services.....................................................................17 Hnh 7:Kin trc ca GeoServer..............................................................................19 Hnh 8:M hnh x l chc nng GetFeature trong Geoserver................................21 Hnh 9: Cc chc nng ca WMS............................................................................26 Hnh 10: Cc tham s trong chui URL thc hin chc nng GetMap....................27 Hnh 11: Hnh ch nht bao ....................................................................................29 Hnh 12:kt qu mt truy vn WMS........................................................................30 Hnh 13: Kin trc ca Style....................................................................................31 Hnh 14: Minh ha th <PointSymbolizer> ............................................................32 Hnh 15:Minh ha th <LineSymbolizer>...............................................................33 Hnh 16: Minh ha th <PolygonSymbolizer>......................................................34 Hnh 17:Minh ha th <TextSymbolizer>...............................................................35 Hnh 18:Minh ha th <Filter>................................................................................37 Hnh 19: Lc giao thc ....................................................................................39 Hnh 20:Kt qu mt truy vn WFS........................................................................40 Hnh 21:Bn hin trng.......................................................................................55 Hnh 22:M hnh USE CASE .................................................................................57 Hnh 23: M hnh h thng .....................................................................................63 Hnh 24:Mn hnh chnh..........................................................................................65 Hnh 25:H thng trnh n.....................................................................................66 Hnh 26:Kt qu tm kim.......................................................................................67 Hnh 27:Thng tin d liu su bnh.........................................................................69 Hnh 28:Kt qu d bo...........................................................................................70

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V WEBGIS 1.1. Khi nim c bn v GIS Thng tin a l c th hin ch yu di dng bn ra i t xa xa. Cc bn trc tin c phc tho m t v tr, cnh quan, a hnh Bn ch yu gm nhng im v ng. Tuy nhin bn dng ny thch hp cho qun i v cc cuc thm him hn l c s dng nh mt cng c khai thc tim nng ca a l. Bn vn tip tc c in trn giy ngay c khi my tnh ra i mt thi gian di trc . Bn in trn giy bc l nhng hn ch nh thi gian xy dng, o c, to lp lu v tn km. Lng thng tin mang trn bn giy l hn ch v nu mang ht cc thng tin ln bn s kh c. Bn cnh bn giy khng th cp nht theo thi gian thc c. tng m hnh ha khng gian lu tr vo my tnh, to nn bn my tnh. l bn n gin c th m ha, lu tr trong my tnh, sa cha khi cn thit, c th hin th trn mn hnh v in ra giy.Tuy nhin cc nh nghin cu nhn thy nhiu vn a l cn phi thu thp mt lng ln thng tin khng phi l bn . Lc ny khi nim H thng thng tin a l (GIS) ra i thay th cho thut ng bn my tnh. GIS l t vit tt ca: + G: Geographic: d liu khng gian th hin v tr, hnh dng (im, tuyn, vng) + I: Information: thuc tnh, khng th hin v tr (nh m t bng s, vn bn, tn ) + S: System: s lin kt bn trong gia cc thnh phn khc nhau (phn cng, phn mm) H thng thng tin a l (Geographical Information System) l mt h thng phn mm my tnh c s dng trong vic v bn , phn tch cc vt th, hin tng tn ti trn tri t. Cng ngh GIS tng hp cc chc nng chung v qun l d liu nh hi p (Query) v phn tch thng k (statistical analysis) vi

s th hin trc quan (Visualization) v phn tch cc vt th hin tng khng gian (geographic analysis) trong bn . S khc bit gia GIS v cc h thng thng tin thng thng l tnh ng dng ca n rt rng trong vic gii thch hin tng, d bo v qui hoch chin lc. GIS c hnh thnh t cc ngnh khoa hc: a l, Bn , Tin hc v Ton hc. Ch n nhng nm 80 th GIS mi c th pht huy ht kh nng ca mnh do s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh phn cng.Bt u t thp nin 80, GIS tr nn ph bin trong cc lnh vc thng mi, khoa hc v qun l, chng ta c th gp nhiu cch nh ngha v GIS: - L mt tp hp ca cc phn cng, phn mm my tnh cng vi cc thng tin a l (m t khng gian). Tp hp ny c thit k c th thu thp, lu tr, cp nht, thao tc, phn tch, th hin tt c cc hnh thc thng tin mang tnh khng gian. - GIS l mt h thng my tnh c kh nng lu tr v s dng d liu m t cc v tr (ni) trn b mt tri t. - Mt h thng c gi l GIS nu n c cc cng c h tr cho vic thao tc vi d liu khng gian C s d liu GIS l s tng hp c cu trc cc d liu s ha khng gian v phi khng gian v cc i tng bn , mi lin h gia cc i tng khng gian v cc tnh cht ca mt vng i tng. 1.2. Cc gii php v ng dng GIS Khi lm vic vi h thng GIS c th tip cn di cc cch nhn nhn nh sau: C s d liu a l (Geodatabase - theo cch gi ca ESRI): GIS l mt c s d liu khng gian chuyn ti thng tin a l theo quan im gc ca m hnh d liu GIS (yu t, topology, mng li, raster,...) Hnh tng ho (Geovisualization): GIS l tp cc bn thng minh th hin cc yu t v quan h gia cc yu t trn mt t. Da trn thng tin a l c th to nhiu loi bn v s dng chng nh l mt ca s vo trong c s d liu h tr tra cu, phn tch v bin tp thng tin.

X l (Geoprocessing): GIS l cc cng c x l thng tin cho php to ra cc thng tin mi t thng tin c. Cc chc nng x l thng tin a l ly thng tin t cc tp d liu c, p dng cc chc nng phn tch v ghi kt qu vo mt tp mi. Xt di gc ng dng trong qun l nh nc, GIS c th c hiu nh l mt cng ngh x l cc d liu c to (bn ) bin chng thnh cc thng tin tr gip quyt nh cho cc nh qun l. V GIS c thit k nh mt h thng chung qun l d liu khng gian, n c rt nhiu ng dng trong vic pht trin th v mi trng t nhin nh l: quy hoch th, qun l nhn lc, nng nghip, iu hnh h thng cng ch, l trnh, nhn khu, bn , gim st vng bin, cu ho v bnh tt. Trong phn ln lnh vc ny, GIS ng vai tr nh l mt cng c h tr quyt nh cho vic lp k hoch hot ng. 1.2.1. Mi trng Theo nhng chuyn gia GIS kinh nghim nht th c rt nhiu ng dng pht trin trong nhng t chc quan tm n mi trng. Vi mc n gin nht th ngi dng s dng GIS nh gi mi trng, v d nh v tr v thuc tnh ca cy rng. ng dng GIS vi mc phc tp hn l dng kh nng phn tch ca GIS m hnh ha cc tin trnh xi mn t s lan truyn nhim trong mi trng kh hay nc, hoc s phn ng ca mt lu vc sng di s nh hng ca mt trn ma ln. Nu nhng d liu thu thp gn lin vi i tng vng v ng dng s dng cc chc nng phn tch phc tp th m hnh d liu dng nh (raster) c khuynh hng chim u th. 1.2.2. Kh tng thu vn Trong lnh vc ny GIS c dng nh l mt h thng p ng nhanh, phc v chng thin tai nh l qut vng h lu, xc nh tm bo, d on cc lung chy, xc nh mc ngp lt, t a ra cc bin php phng chng kp thi...

v nhng ng dng ny mang tnh phn tch phc tp nn m hnh d liu khng gian dng nh (raster) chim u th. 1.2.3. Nng nghip Nhng ng dng c trng: Gim st thu hoch, qun l s dng t, d bo v hng ho, nghin cu v t trng, k hoch ti tiu, kim tra ngun nc. 1.2.4. Y t Ngoi tr nhng ng dng nh gi, qun l m GIS hay c dng, GIS cn c th p dng trong lnh vc y t. V d nh, n ch ra c l trnh nhanh nht gia v tr hin ti ca xe cp cu v bnh nhn cn cp cu, da trn c s d liu giao thng. GIS cng c th c s dng nh l mt cng c nghin cu dch bnh phn tch nguyn nhn bc pht v ly lan bnh tt trong cng ng. 1.2.5. Chnh quyn a phng Chnh quyn a phng l mt trong nhng lnh vc ng dng rng ln nht ca GIS, bi v y l mt t chc s dng d liu khng gian nhiu nht. Tt c cc c quan ca chnh quyn a phng c th c li t GIS. GIS c th c s dng trong vic tm kim v qun l tha t, thay th cho vic h s giy t hin hnh. Nh cm quyn a phng cng c th s dng GIS trong vic bo dng nh ca v ng giao thng. GIS cn c s dng trong cc trung tm iu khin v qun l cc tnh hung khn cp. 1.2.6. Bn l Phn ln siu th vng ngoi c xc nh v tr vi s tr gip ca GIS. GIS thng lu tr nhng d liu v kinh t-x hi ca khch hng trong mt vng no . Mt vng thch hp cho vic xy dng mt siu th c th c tnh ton bi thi gian i n siu th, v m hnh ho nh hng ca nhng siu th cnh tranh. GIS cng c dng cho vic qun l ti sn v tm ng phn phi hng ngn nht.

1.2.7. Giao thng GIS c kh nng ng dng ng k trong lnh vc vn ti. Vic lp k hoch v duy tr c s h tng giao thng r rng l mt ng dng thit thc, nhng gi y c s quan tm n mt lnh vc mi l ng dng nh v trong vn ti hng hi, v hi in t. Loi hnh c trng ny i hi s h tr ca GIS. 1.3. Tng quan v WebGIS GIS c ng dng t vi thp nin trc y, nhng dng nh GIS vn cha n c vi mi ngi. L do l trc nay cc ng dng GIS hu ht chy trn nn Desktop vi chi ph kh cao. Vi nhng my tnh ny th cn thit phi ci t cc module x l GIS (di dng cc th vin dll, hay cc ActiveX) iu ny cn tr kh nng ng dng GIS rng ri. Xut pht t yu cu thc t th webGIS ra i, vy WebGIS l g? WebGIS l h thng thng tin a l phn tn trn mt mng cc my tnh tch hp trao i cc thng tin a l trn World Wide Web (Edward, 2000). Trong cch thc hin nhim v phn tch GIS, dch v ny gn ging nh l kin trc Client-Server ca Web. X l thng tin a l c chia thnh cc nhim v pha server v pha client. iu ny cho php ngi dng c th truy xut, thao tc v nhn kt qu t vic khai thc d liu GIS t trnh duyt web ca h m khng phi tr tin cho phn mm GIS. Mt Client tiu biu l trnh duyt web v server-side bao gm mt Web server c cung cp mt chng trnh phn mm WebGIS ng vai tr nh Application Server. Client thng yu cu mt nh bn hay vi x l thng tin a l qua Web n server xa. Server chuyn i yu cu thnh m ni b v gi nhng chc nng v GIS bng cch chuyn tip yu cu ti phn mm WebGIS. Phn mm ny tr v kt qu, sau kt qu ny c nh dng li cho vic trnh by bi trnh duyt hay nhng hm t cc plug-in hoc Java applet. Server sau tr v kt qu cho client hin th, hoc gi d liu v cc cng c phn tch n client dng pha client (Peng 1997).

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Phn ln s ch gn y l tp trung vo vic pht trin cc chc nng GIS trn Internet. WebGIS c tim nng ln trong vic lm cho thng tin a l tr nn hu dng v sn sng ti s lng ln ngi dng trn ton th gii. Thch thc ln ca WebGIS l vic to ra mt h thng phn mm khng ph thuc vo platform v chy trn chun giao thc mng TCP/IP, c ngha l kh nng WebGIS c chy trn bt k trnh duyt web ca bt k my tnh no ni mng Internet. i vi vn ny, cc phn mm GIS phi c thit k li tr thnh ng dng WebGIS theo cc k thut mng Internet. 1.3.1. M hnh x l v kin trc trin khai WebGIS. Kin trc xut bn web ca h thng thng tin d liu khng gian cng gn ging nh kin trc dnh cho h thng thng tin web c bn khc. S khc bit l cch thc t chc lu tr v truy xut d liu thuc tnh v d liu khng gian. C s d liu khng gian s c dng qun l v truy xut d liu khng gian, c t trn data server. Nh kho hay ni lu tr (clearing house) c dng lu tr v duy tr nhng siu d liu (d liu v d liu metadata) v d liu khng gian ti nhng data server khc nhau. Da trn nhng thnh phn qun l d liu, ng dng server v m hnh server c dng cho ng dng h thng tnh ton thng tin khng gian thng qua cc hm c th. Tt c kt qu tnh ton ca ng dng server s c gi n web server thm vo cc gi HTML, gi cho pha client v hin th ni trnh duyt web. Hnh minh ha sau y th hin kin trc v qu trnh lm vic vi h thng web x l thng tin khng gian.

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Hnh 1: Cc bc x l

Kin trc WebGIS

Ngi dng s dng trnh duyt pha client (thng l giao din ha) 1. Client gi cc yu cu nh l ly nh bn , thng tin v tr hay thng tin m t v cc lp ca ngi s dng thng qua giao thc HTTP n web server. 2. Web server nhn yu cu ca ngi dng gi n t pha client, x l v chuyn tip yu cu n ng dng trn server c lin quan. 3. Application Server (chnh l cc ng dng GIS) nhn cc yu cu c th i vi ng dng v gi cc hm c lin quan tnh ton x l. Nu c yu cu d liu n s gi yu cu d liu n data exchange server (server trao i d liu)

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4. Data exchange server nhn yu cu d liu v tm kim v tr ca nhng d liu ny sau gi yu cu d liu n server cha d liu (data server) tng ng cn tm. 5. Data server d liu tin hnh truy vn ly ra d liu cn thit v tr d liu ny v cho data exchange server. 6. Data exchange server nhn d liu t nhiu ngun data Server khc nhau nm ri rc trn mng. Sp xp d liu li theo logic ca yu cu d liu, sau gi tr v d liu v cho application server. 7. Application server nhn d liu tr v t cc data exchange server v a chng n cc hm cn s dng, x l chng ti y v kt qu c tr v cho web server. D liu tr v s ty theo phng thc truy vn d liu.Application server s tr v nh bn nu truy vn d liu theo chun WMS, tr v d liu dng GML nu truy vn d liu theo chun WFS. 8. Web server nhn v kt qu x l, thm vo cc ng cnh web (HTML,PHP ) c th hin th c trn trnh duyt v cui cng gi tr kt qu v cho trnh duyt di dng cc trang web.

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Hnh 2:

Cc dng yu cu t pha Client.

1.3.2. Cc chun trao i cho WebGIS hin nay. T nhiu thp nin nay, mt s lng ln ng dng GIS c pht trin trong nhiu lnh vc nh iu khin, qun l ti nguyn, giao thng, gio dc, ti nguyn nc, trong lnh vc qun s ng vi mi ng dng GIS, d liu GIS cng c to ra tng ng.Thng thng cc d liu ny s rt ln v tn thi gian v cng sc xy dng. Vn chia s ngun ti nguyn d liu c t ra nhm gim thiu chi ph xy dng v qun l d liu GIS.

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Hnh 3:

D liu GIS trong kin trc WebGIS n th

Trong m hnh kin trc trn, h thng WebGIS c gi l n th. V trong d liu GIS c dng ch cho mt nhm ng dng GIS. Trong khi d liu GIS ny c th c s dng cho cc nhm ng dng GIS khc. Chng hn nh d liu bn thnh ph dng cho nhm cc ng dng tm ng i trong thnh ph. D liu ny cng c th c dng cho cc nhm ng dng tm thng tin ni chn nh qun n nh hng hoc nhm ng dng lin quan n h nh v ton cu v.v

Hnh 4:

Chia s d liu GIS gia cc nhm ng dng

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Vic chia s d liu GIS ny thng kh khn bi v thiu mt chun chung gia cc h thng GIS. Do t chc OpenGIS (OGC OpenGis Consortium) a ra ba chun dch v truy cp thng tin a l mang tnh chun ha cao: Web Map Service (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS) v Web Coverage Service (WCS). Ngoi ra cn cc chun khc nh GeoParse v GeoCoder. Hnh sau y m t s kin trc cc dch v web ca t chc OGC.

Hnh 5:

Kin trc cc dch v web ca OGC

Trong WMS v WFS l hai chun c bn c s dng rt nhiu nhm cung cp cc dch v biu din cc thng tin a l ra nh bn v truy vn cc d liu a l .

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Open Web Services WMS WFS

Hnh 6:

D liu tr v ca cc services

Web Map Service


y l mt chun do t chc OGC a ra. Trong web server s tr thnh web map service c service phc v cho chia s d liu. Chun ny khng p dng cho vic nhn d liu v d liu th (d liu cha x l dng thuc tnh hay khng gian) m thng nhn v mt nh bn dng ha. Nhng bn ny thng c to ra vi cc nh dng nh PNG, GIF, JEPG hoc cng c th l di dng cc yu t ha nh SVG (dng XML) hoc l nh dng WebCGM (Web computer Graphics Metafile).

Web Feature Service


y l mt chun do t chc OGC a ra. Trong web server gi c gi l Web Feature server c service phc v chia s d liu. Tuy nhin thay v tr v mt nh bn dng ha nh WMS th Web Feature Server s gi tr v thng tin khng gian v thng tin thuc tnh c lin quan di dng file GML (Geographic Markup Language) mt dng XML v sau client c th s dung file XML ny lm d liu to ra nh bn . WFS v WMS s c trnh by chi tit hn trong chng tip theo y.

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Chng 2: GEOSERVER WEBGIS APPLICATION 2.1. Lch s pht trin Geoserver l mt server m ngun m c pht trin bi trung tm nghin cu Refractions (ni pht trin PostGIS cho postgreSQL). N c vit bng ngn ng Java (J2EE) v l phn mm m ngun m c xy dng vi cc thnh phn cng dng ngun m hoc phi li nhun. Geoserver ci t y 2 chun ca t chc OGC l WFS (Web Feature Service) v WMS (Web Map Service) nn cng c th gi Geoserver l Web Feature Server hoc Web Map Server. Geoserver c kh nng qun l d liu a l t nhiu ngun khc nhau cng nh cho php ngi dng xem v hiu chnh thng tin a l.Khi xy dng Geoserver, cc nh pht trin ra nhng tiu ch quan trng l tnh d s dng v h tr cc chun OpenGIS nhm cho php ngi dng c th d dng chia s d liu a l vi nhau mt cch d dng v nhanh chng. Geo server c th cung cp d liu a l di 2 dng: Hnh nh bn dng d liu raster (s dng WMS). D liu thc s dng GML (s dng WFS) v cho php ngi dng hiu chnh thng tin (s dng WFS-T) Hnh v sau y m t kin trc ca GeoServer

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Hnh 7: Cc c im ca Geo server:

Kin trc ca GeoServer

H tr y 2 chun WFS v WMS, c test bi CITE. H tr cng c cu hnh Geo server di dng web rt d s dng. H tr tt d liu PostGIS, Shapefile, ArcSDE v Oracle, di mt mc l VPF, MySQL, MapInfo, v Cascading WFS. Xut d liu nh di nhiu dng nh jpeg, gif, png, SVG. tch hp MapBuilder, ng dng hin th bn client p dng cng ngh AJAX. B c d liu streaming: khng gii hn s lng d liu tr v. H tr y kh nng lc cho tt c cc dng d liu trong WFS.

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C th thm cc dng d liu mi mt cch d dng vi Interface DataStore GeoTools dng plug-in vo Geo server. c thit k theo hng d m rng, ti liu y . c cng ng GIS m ngun m ng h v gp sc pht trin. GeoServer s dng shapefile (ESRI) lm nh dng d liu mc nh. Bn cnh , n h tr hu ht cc nh dng d liu ph bin hin nay nh ESRI ArcSDE, MapInfo GeoServer c m ngun m nn ngi dng c th thay i thm bt cc nh dng d liu khng mun h tr. 2.2. M hnh x l ng dng GeoServer s dng cc ti nguyn nh sau: Mt HTTP Server nh Apache, IIS, Tomcat ng vai tr l web server. Phn mm GeoServer ng vai tr l WebGIS application. Tp cu hnh cho GeoServer Tp d liu GIS Hnh v sau m t tin trnh x l trong h thng GeoServer

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Hnh 8:

M hnh x l chc nng GetFeature trong Geoserver

2.3. Lu tr thng tin bng Shapefile. 2.3.1. Gii thiu ESRI Shapefile. Shapefile l mt nh dng d liu lu tr thng tin thuc tnh v hnh hc cho cc c trng khng gian trong c s d liu. Shapefile c pht trin v qun l bi ESRI nh l mt chun d liu m giao tip gia ESRI vi cc sn phm phn mm khc. Shapefile khng phi lm vic vi cu trc d liu topo nn c u im l tc hin th v edit d liu nhanh hn. Chng cng i hi t khng gian a v d dng hn trong vic c v ghi.Shapefile h tr im (point), ng (line), a gic (polygon), vng (area). Cc vng c xem nh l cc polygon ng, hoc cc nhm polygon. Thnh phn ca mt shapefile bao gm cc tp SHP, DBF, SHX v PRJ. Tp SHP cha d liu bn (cc i tng ha). Tp DBF cha cc thng tin thuc tnh trong mt nh dng c s d liu (foxpro). Tp SHX kt ni cc c trng hnh hc v v tr a l ca tp SHP vi thng tin thuc tnh ca tp DBF. Shapefile cn c thnh phn th t l mt tp PRJ. Tp PRJ cha thng tin v h ta quy chiu ca bn . 2.3.2. TP SHP T chc ca tp SHP nh sau:

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Bng 1.

T chc ca tp SHP

Trong File Header gm 100 bytes c m t trong bng sau. Bng ny m t cc trng trong File Header vi v tr, gi tr, loi i tng, v cch thc sp xp bytes.

Bng 2. Value Shape Type 0 Null Shape

Cc trng trong File Header

Gi tr tng ng vi cc loi i tng ha c quy nh nh sau:

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1 Point 3 PolyLine 5 Polygon 8 MultiPoint 11 PointZ 13 PolyLineZ 15 PolygonZ 18 MultiPointZ 21 PointM 23 PolyLineM 25 PolygonM 28 MultiPointM 31 MultiPatch Shape Type khng c cc s nh 2,4, 6,, 33. Nhng gi tr ny d phng cho tng lai. Tng lai, trong mt shapefile c th cho php cha nhiu hn mt loi i tng. Record Headers Record headers c di 8 bytes. Bng sau m t Record headers ca tp SHP.

Bng 3.

Cc trng trong Record Header.

Shapefile record contents bao gm mt shape type vi d liu hnh hc cho shape type. di ca record contents ph thuc vo s phn v s im trong shape type.Cho mi shape type, chng ti s m t hnh dng v cch nh x n record contents. V d: Point Mt im cha mt cp gi tr X,Y

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Point { Double X // X coordinate Double Y // Y coordinate }

Bng 4. 2.3.3. Tp DBF

Point Record

Tp DBF l mt nh dng d liu tiu chun ca tp DBF cho cc ng dng Window v DOS. 2.3.4. Tp SHX Tp SHX tr gip cho tp SHP trong cng vic truy vn c tnh hnh hc.

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Bng 5. 2.3.5. Tp PRJ

Tp SHX

Tp PRJ Lu tr thng tin v h ta quy chiu ca bn s dng chun Well-known text (WKT) l mt nh dng nh XML cho vic xc nh v tham kho v tr i tng khng gian trn bn . N m t datum, geoid, v coordinate System. N c quy nh bi t chc OGC. 2.4. Kt ni d liu bn s dng WMS 2.4.1. Gii thiu WMS Web Map Service (WMS) l mt chun do t chc OGC a ra. Trong web server s tr thnh web map service c service phc v cho chia s d liu. Cc hat ng m client c th thc hin thng qua service ny gm: nhn m t cc bn , nhn bn , v cc thng tin truy vn cc c im cth hin trn bn . Chun ny khng p dng cho vic nhn d liu v d liu th (d liu cha x

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l dng thuc tnh hay khng gian) m thng nhn v mt nh bn dng ha. Nhng bn ny thng c to ra vi cc nh dng nh PNG, GIF, JEPG hoc cng c th l di dng cc yu t ha nh SVG (dng XML) hoc l nh dng WebCGM (Web computer Graphics Metafile). Nhng chc nng c h tr bi web map service: GetCapabilites kh nng h tr (bt buc) Client nhn mt m t thng tin v WMS, cc tham s c chp nhn v h tr, bng m t, thng di dng file XML. GetMap ly bn (bt buc): Client nhn v mt nh bn ph hp vi tham s m client gi ln server. GetFeatureInfo ly thng tin c im (khng bt buc): Client hi thng tin v c im no (i tng) xut hin trn bn .

Hnh 9:

Cc chc nng ca WMS

2.4.2. Cc tham s thng dng trong cu Request Trnh duyt web pha client c th thng qua Web Map Service thc hin cc chc nng ny bng cch gi cc yu cu di dng mt URL. Mt URL c dng nh sau:

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Hnh 10:

Cc tham s trong chui URL thc hin chc nng GetMap

VERSION Tham s VERSION c t s phin bn ca web service. REQUEST Tham s REQUEST ch ra chc nng no trong dch v cn c thc thi. Gi tr ca n l tn ca mt trong cc chc nng c WMS h tr. FORMAT Tham s FORMAT s ch ra nh dng tr v ca response cho mt operation. WMS h tr cc nh dng nh tr v nh PNG, GIF, JEPG hoc cng c th l di dng cc yu t ha nh SVG (dng XML) hoc l nh dng WebCGM LAYERS Danh sch cc layers ly t WMS server trong cu request. STYLE Tham s STYLE ch ra cch th hin ca bn s dng tp SLD m t (Tp SLD s c cp chi tit trong phn tip). Nu tham s STYLE trng th bn s c tr v dng mc nh. WIDTH,HEIGHT

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Hai tham s WIDTH,HEIGHT ch ra kch thc tnh theo s nguyn cc im nh ca nh bn s tr v cho Client. Khng gian tn EPSG Khng gian tn EPSG c da trn cc bng d liu ca Nhm kho st du ha Chu u (European Petroleum Survey Group). N nh ngha nhng con s c trng cho cc php chiu, h trc ta chun, n v o, kinh tuyn gc V d khi tham s SRS ch ra H qui chiu Ta a l (Geographic coordinate reference System) th s l EPSG:4326. Khng gian tn AUTO Khng gian tn AUTO c dng cho cc php chiu t ng, l cc php chiu vi tm chiu ty . Mt request cha tham s SRS ch ra mt php chiu t ng s bao gm tin t khng gian tn AUTO, mt con s nh danh cho khng gian tn AUTO, mt con s nh danh cho khng gian tn EPSG m ch ra n v cho hnh ch nht bao trong SRS ny, v gi tr ca kinh v v trung tm. N c dng: AUTO: auto_proj_id,epsg_units_id,lon0,lat0 V d: Mt dch v h tr php chiu trc giao t ng (Auto Orthographic rojection) s thm vo elem ents <SRS>AUTO:42003</SRS> trong ti liu CapabilitiesXML ca n. SRS khng xc nh Server cng c th a ra thng tin a l m h quy chiu khng gian ca n khng c xc nh mt cch chnh xc. Chng hn nh tp hp cc bn lch s v bng tay c s ha c th biu din mt vng trn tri t nhng ko theo mt h ta hin i no. Trong trng hp ny, gi tr NONE s c dng khi mun ch ra SRS ca tp hp cc bn ny. Hnh ch nht bao BBOX

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Hnh ch nht bao l mt tp hp bn con s c phn cch bi du , N biu din cc gi tr minX,minY, maxX,maxY theo n v ca SRS trong request. Trong X biu din cho cc trc kinh tuyn cn Y biu din cho cc trc v tuyn.

Hnh 11: V d: Khi browser request cu URL sau: http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wms? bbox =-130,24,-66,50& request=GetMap& layers=states& width=800&height=400& srs=EPSG:4326& styles=population& Format=image/svg+xml Kt qu ca request l mt nh dng svg:

Hnh ch nht bao

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Hnh 12: kt qu mt truy vn WMS 2.4.3. Tp m t cch hin th bn SLD. Trong GeoServer xc nh cch thc hin th v trnh by mt hnh nh ngi ta dng mt Style. Mt style s m t cc im, ng, polygons v d liu raster s c v th no bng cch cung cp cc lut v. N bao gm cc thnh phn sau: i tng Style l i tng gc, c th cha ng mt danh sch cc i tng FeatureTypeStyle. FeatureTypeStyle m t cc i tng bn s c hin th ty theo cc b lut. Mt FeatureTypeStyle cha mt hoc nhiu lut. Mt Rules cha mt b lc quyt nh xem i tng no s c hin th hoc khng v c hin th nh th no, c th: o Mt Filter s c p dng cho mt i tng nu nh i tng tha mn iu kin ca lut v i tng s c v theo symbolizers ca lut. o Mt lut cng c mt "else filter". i tng s c p dng lut ny khi i tng khng tha mn tt c cc lut pha trn.

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Mt Symbolizer m t cch cc i tng c v trn mn hnh da trn thng tin ca i tng (thng tin a l v thng tin thuc tnh). Mi lut c mt hoc nhiu Symbolizer i km vi n.

Hnh 13:

Kin trc ca Style

xy dng mt Style theo tiu chun l kh phc tp, v vy chun SLD c a ra nhm cung cp mt cch thun tin hn xy dng mt style n gin m khng cn phi xy dng tt c cc thnh phn styles bng tay. V d, bn c th lp mt PolygonSymbolizer v sau lp mt Style hin th cho i tng Polygon ny.SLD (Styled Layer Descriptor) l mt chun ca t chc OGC, n c th xem nh l mt ti liu XML cho php ngi s dng xc nh cch hin th cc i tng d liu ca h. N c xy dng thi hnh trong Web Map Service (WMS 1.0 v WMS 1.1).

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Mt ti liu SLD c cu trc ging nh ti liu XML, bao gm phn khai bo version, khai bo khng gian tn v cc th con bn trong c xy dng theo m hnh DOM. Tuy nhin phn quan trng nht m chng ta cn quan tm l th <Rule>. Th ny s miu t xem nhng i tng no s c v v c v nh th no? Bn c th s dng mt hoc nhiu th <Rule> cho cc i tng. Cc thnh phn quan trng v thng dng trong th <Rule>: Th <PointSymbolizer> xc nh cch thc i tng Point c v. N c xc nh bi cc th con: o <WellKnownName>: xc nh hnh dng ca i tng Point. o <Fill>: xc nh cch i tng Point c t mu o <Size>: xc nh kch c ca i tng Point V d on m sau:
<PointSymbolizer> <Graphic> <Mark> <WellKnownName>star</WellKnownName> <Fill> <CssParameter name="fill">#EDE513</CssParameter> <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">1.0</CssParameter> </Fill> </Mark> <Size>7</Size> </Graphic> </PointSymbolizer>

Kt qu trn trnh duyt s l cc i tng Point hnh sao, c mu vng vi size bng 7:

Hnh 14:

Minh ha th <PointSymbolizer>

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Th <LineSymbolizer> s xc nh cch thc i tng Line c v. N c xc nh bi cc th con: o <CssParameter name="stroke>: xc nh mu ca i tng line o <CssParameter name="stroke-width">: xc nh dy ca i tng line. V d on m sau:
<Rule> <Name>Rule 1</Name> <Title>Green Line</Title> <Abstract>A green line with a 2 pixel width</Abstract> <LineSymbolizer> <Stroke> <CssParameter name="stroke">#319738</CssParameter> <CssParameter width">2</CssParameter> </Stroke> </LineSymbolizer> </Rule> name="stroke-

Kt qu trn trnh duyt s l cc ng thng vi mu xanh v dy l 2 pixel:

Hnh 15: Minh ha th <LineSymbolizer> Th <PolygonSymbolizer> s xc nh cch thc cc i tng Polygon c v. N c xc nh bi cc th con:

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o <Fill>: xc nh cch Polygon c t mu qua 2 th <CssParameter name="fill"> v <CssParameter name="fillopacity"> o <Stroke>: xc nh mu cch ng bin ca Polygon c v V d on m sau:
<PolygonSymbolizer> <Fill> <CssParameter name="fill"> <ogc:Literal>#FF0000</ogc:Literal> </CssParameter> <CssParameter name="fill-opacity"> <ogc:Literal>1.0</ogc:Literal> </CssParameter> </Fill> <Stroke> <CssParameter name="stroke"> <ogc:Literal>#88B588</ogc:Literal> </CssParameter> </Stroke> </PolygonSymbolizer>

Kt qu trn trnh duyt s l cc Polygon c mu :

Hnh 16:

Minh ha th <PolygonSymbolizer>

Th <TextSymbolizer> xc nh cch thc cc ch c hin th, n c xc nh bi cc th:

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o <Label>: xc nh thuc tnh no ca i tng s c hin th nh nhn ca i tng o <Font>: xc nh font v kch c ch ca nhn o <Fill>: xc nh mu ca ch V d on m sau:
<TextSymbolizer> <Label> <ogc:PropertyName>TYPE</ogc:PropertyName> </Label> <Font> <CssParameter Roman</CssParameter> <CssParameter name="font-style">Normal</CssParameter> <CssParameter name="font-size">16</CssParameter> <CssParameter name="font-weight">bold</CssParameter> </Font> <Fill> <CssParameter name="fill">#FF0000</CssParameter> </Fill> </TextSymbolizer> name="font-family">Times New

Kt qu trn trnh duyt s l i tng line vi cc nhn l thc tnh TYPE, font-size bng 16 v c mu :

Hnh 17: Minh ha th <TextSymbolizer> Th <filter> l mt b lc xc nh v phn bit cc i tng c thuc tnh khc nhau. N c xc nh bi cc th: o <Not>: ph nh cc i tng tha mn b lc <filter>

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o <PropertyIsEqualTo>: xc nh cc i tng c gi tr ca th <PropertyName> bng gi tr ca th <Literal> o <ogc:PropertyIsLessThan>: xc nh cc i tng c gi tr ca th <PropertyName> b hn gi tr ca th <Literal> o <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>: xc nh cc i tng c gi tr ca th <PropertyName> ln hn gi tr ca th <Literal> V d on m sau:
<ogc:Filter> <ogc:Not> <ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> <ogc:PropertyName>TYPE</ogc:PropertyName> <ogc:Literal>highway</ogc:Literal> </ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> </ogc:Not> </ogc:Filter>

on m trn s ch v cc ng vi thuc tnh TYPE khng bng "highway". Nu thuc tnh TYPE l 'highway', th i tng khng tha mn lut v s khng c hin th. Bn cng c th s dng nhiu hn mt lut cho mt i tng. V d vi lut th 2 ny nu i tng c TYPE l "highway" th n s v 2 ng thng. ng u tin s dy v c mu xm, ng th 2 s mng hn v c mu xm sng
<ogc:Filter> <ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> <ogc:PropertyName>TYPE</ogc:PropertyName> <ogc:Literal>highway</ogc:Literal> </ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> </ogc:Filter>

Kt qu trn trnh duyt l cc ng bnh thng s c v bng mu xanh vi dy 2 pixel, cn ng c thuc tnh TYPE bng highway s c v bng mu xm vi dy l 5pixel.

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Hnh 18: Minh ha th <Filter> B lc Filter s c trnh by k hn trong phn kt ni d liu bng WFS 2.5. Kt ni d liu bng WFS 2.5.1. Gii thiu WFS Web Feature Service (WFS) l mt chun do t chc OGC a ra. Trong web server s tr thnh web map service c service phc v cho vic chia s d liu.WFS cung cp cc giao tc thng thng n c s d liu GIS nh l thm, xa, sa, truy vn cc i tng thng tin a l. Tin trnh yu cu dch v WFS c tin hnh ln lt theo trnh t sau: ng dng Client gi yu cu ti liu m t kh nng ca dch v WFS. l ti liu m t cc giao tc m WFS h tr v lit k cc kiu feature m n h tr. ng dng Client c th gi thng tin m t chi tit mt hay nhiu kiu feature n WFS. Da trn thng tin m t chi tit ca cc kiu feature ny, Client c th gi mt yu cu Yu cu ny c gi n Server. WFS thc thi yu cu .

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Sau khi p ng xong yu cu, WFS s gi tr v trng thi kt qu ca vic p ng (thnh cng hay tht bi). h tr cho cc giao tc thm, xa,sa v truy vn d liu GIS, WFS h tr cc giao tc sau: GetCapabilities: WFS bt buc phi m t kh nng ca n qua giao tc ny. N ch ra cc kiu feature m n h tr v cc giao tc c h tr trn mi kiu feature. DescribeFeatureType: Khi c yu cu, WFS s tr v m t cu trc ca Feature. GetFeature: WFS s tr v cc th hin ca feature. Hn na Client c th ch r thuc tnh no ca feature m n mun ly km theo cc rng buc trn chng. Transactinon: WFS c kh nng h tr cc yu cu thm, xa, sa cc feature. Lockfeature: WFS c kh nng p ng cc yu cu kha cc th hin thuc tnh trong khong thi gian thc hin giao tc.

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Hnh 19:

Lc giao thc

Ty theo kh nng h tr cc giao tc trn m ngi ta phn ra lm hai loi dch v WFS. Mt l WFS c bn (hay cn gi l loi WFS ch c) ch h tr cc giao tc GetCapabilities, DescribeFeatureType, GetFeature. Hai l WFS giao tc th h tr thm giao tc Transaction, cn giao tc Lockfeature l ty chn. 2.5.2. Cc tham s thng dng trong cu request. Trnh duyt web pha client c th thng qua Web Feature service thc hin cc chc nng ny bng cch gi cc yu cu di dng mt URL. Mt URL c dng nh sau: REQUEST Tham s REQUEST ch ra chc nng no trong dch v cn c thc thi. Gi tr ca n l tn ca mt trong cc chc nng c WFS h tr VERSION Tham s VERSION c t s phin bn ca web service. TYPENAME Tham s TYPENAME ch ra feature m pha Client mun request BBOX Hnh ch nht bao l mt tp hp bn con s c phn cch bi du ,. N biu din cc gi tr minX,minY, maxX,maxY theo n v ca SRS trong request. Trong X biu din cho cc trc kinh tuyn cn Y biu din cho cc trc v tuyn. WFS s tr v cc th hin d liu ca feature trong hnh ch nht bao ny. FILTER Tham s b lc FILTER rng buc cc th hin d liu ca feature gip Client ly chnh xc d liu yu cu. B lc FILTER s c trnh by chi tit ngay sau y. V d mt request n WFS:
http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wfs? request=getfeature& service=wfs&

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version=1.0.0& typename=states& filter=<ogc:Filter xmlns:ogc=http://ogc.org xmlns:gml=http://www.opengis.net/gml> <ogc:BBOX> <ogc:PropertyName>the_geom<ogc:PropertyName> <gml:Box srsName=http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml> <gml:coordinates>-73.99312376470733,40.76203427979042%2073.9239210030026,40.80129519821393<gml:coordinates> <gml:Box> <ogc:BBOX> <ogc:Filter>

Kt qu l mt tp GML c tr v c dng:

Hnh 20: Kt qu mt truy vn WFS 2.5.3. B lc (Filter) Mt biu thc Filter l mt iu kin rng buc v gi tr ca cc thuc tnh ca mt loi i tng no , mc ch ca Filter l xc nh mt tp cc i tng thc hin cc thao tc.

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Filter c ci t tun theo cc c t ca XML. iu ny s rt thun li, v ngy nay c rt nhiu cng c h tr c, ghi XML. Ta c th chuyn mt Filter c ci t theo chun XML thnh mt mnh WHERE trong cu lnh SQL thc hin truy vn d liu t c s d liu.Tng t, mt Filter c ci t theo chun XML s c th chuyn sang cc biu thc Xpath hoc Xpoint ly d liu t mt ti liu XML. B lc Filter c th c s dng trong nhiu dch v web khc nhau theo cc chun ca t chc OGC, trong bo co ny th Filter s c dng to ra cc rng buc i vi cc Feature cn ly v trong request GetFeature ca WFS. Thnh phn gc ca mt biu thc Filter, tc l thnh phn <Filter>, c m t bi on lc XML sau:

Cc thnh phn <logicalOps>, <SpatialOps>, <comparisonOps> tng ng l cc php ton logic, php ton khng gian v php ton so snh. Ngoi ra nu s dng thnh phn <FeatureId> th mt Filter c th ch n mt hoc mt s i tng c th.

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2.5.4. Cc php ton khng gian (Spatial Operators) Cc php ton khng gian ny dng kim tra xem cc tham s ca n c tha mn mt mi quan h v mt khng gian no hay khng. Php ton ny tr v kt qu TRUE nu cc tham s c quan h, ngc li l FALSE Cc php ton khng gian c m t bi luc XML sau:

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Mt php ton khng gian dng kim tra xem mt thuc tnh a l, c ch ra bi tn thuc tnh v mt i tng a l (mt hnh ch nht hoc mt a gic ) c tha mn mi quan h c ch ra bi php ton khng. Chng hn c th s dng php ton <Intersects> kim tra xem mt thuc tnh c kiu d liu l Polygon (a gic) c ct mt hnh ch nht c ch ra trong tham s ca php ton khng. Cc php ton Equals, Disjoint, Touches, Within, Overlaps, Crosses, Contains cng c ngha tng t.Ta c th suy ra c t tn ca cc php ton ny. Thnh phn BBOX chnh l rng buc v hnh ch nht bao. N tng ng vi php ton <Not><Disjoint>.</Not><Disjoint>, ngha l n xc nh cc i tng a l c quan h ct nhau vi mt hnh ch nht no .

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Cc php ton <Dwithin> v <Beyond> kim tra xem gi tr a l ca mt thuc tnh c nm trong mt i tng a l hoc l nm cch i tng a l ny mt khong cch xc nh c ch ra hay khng. Khong cch ny c ch ra bi thnh phn <Distance>. 2.5.5. Cc php ton so snh Cc php ton ny c dng nh gi php so snh v mt ton hc gia 2 tham s. Nu cc tham s ny tha iu kin ca php so snh ny th php ton tr v TRUE, ngc li tr v FALSE. Di y l on lc XML m t php ton so snh ny:

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Ngoi cc php ton so snh chun (=,>,<,>=,<=,<>) cn c cc php ton khc l <PropertyIsLike>, <PropertyIsBetween> v <PropertyIsNull>.Php ton

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<PropertyIsLike> c dng so snh mt chui vi mt khun mu no . Mt mu c nh ngha bi s kt hp ca cc k t thng thng nh cc k t wildCard, singleChar, escapeChar. K t wildCard c dng i din cho mt nhm cc k t hoc khng c k t no. K t singleChar dng tng trng cho mt k t duy nht. K t escapeChar c dng loi b ngha ca cc k t singleChar, wildCard v k c chnh n. Php ton <PropertyIsNull> c dng kim tra xem gi tr trong ni dung ca n c rng hay khng. Gi tr 0 l gi tr khc rng. Php tan < PropertyIsBetween > c dng kim tra xem mt gi tr c nm trong mt khong gi tr c ch ra bi 2 thnh phn l <LowerBoundary> v <UpperBoundary> hay khng. 2.5.6. Cc php ton Logic Cc php ton Logic c dng kt hp cc biu thc iu kin li vi nhau. Php ton AND s c gi tr TRUE nu nh tt c cc php ton kt hp u TRUE. Php ton OR s c gi tr TRUE nu c t nht mt php ton c gi tr TRUE. Php ton NOT dng o ngc kt qu mt biu thc Di y l lc XML m t cc php ton logic ny:

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Cc thnh phn <AND>, <OR>, hay <NOT> dng kt hp cc biu thc logic, biu thc khng gian, hay biu thc v hng to ra mt biu thc kt hp phc tp. 2.5.7. nh danh ca Feature (Feature Identifier) Mt nh danh ca Feature c dng ch mt Feature a l c th trong ng cnh ca dch v web cha Feature ny. Thnh phn <FeatureId> c m t bi on lc XML sau:

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Thnh phn FeatureId c dng ch ra cc Feature trong mt biu thc Filter hoc trong cc ti liu XML khc.

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Chng 3: H THNG QUN L TNH HNH SU BNH HI LA 3.1. Kho st hin trng Hin nay cng tc gim st v cnh bo sm i dch ni chung v tnh hnh ly lan i vi su bnh hi la ni ring ti Vit Nam l rt km. Nhn vin cc chi cc bo v thc vt, cc cn b lng x vn cung cp thng tin i dch v chi cc qua cc phng tin truyn thng nh in thoi, bo co ri mi cp nht vo c s d liu. Vi tnh trng din bin nhanh chng v phc tp ca tnh hnh su bnh hi la hin ny yu cu p dng h thng thng tin bo co v gim st dch nhm nng cao nng lc hot ng ca h thng gim st ti Vit Nam l u tin hng u. Trc yu cu cp thit c mt s phn mm ra i nhm phc v qun l v gim st tnh hnh su bnh hi la da trn m hnh Client-Server. Tuy nhin, cc phn mm ny da trn m hnh Client-Server nn kh nng chia s thng tin b hn ch. Mt khc phn mm s dng b cng c ArcGIS nn chi ph trin khai h thng l kh cao. Ngy nay s lng cc website ngy cng nhiu, cng ph bin v ngi dn tip xc ngy cng nhiu vi tin hc. Ngi dn cng c nhu cu tm hiu thng tin v tnh hnh su bnh hi la qua theo di v c cc bin php phng tr bnh dch, bo v li ch cho chnh mnh. Vi l do ti mong mun xy dng mt website s dng cng ngh bn WebGIS nhm cung cp mt s chc nng cn thit cho ngi dng. 3.2. D liu trong bi ton Mc ch ca bi ton l cung cp cho ngi dng mt ci nhn trc quan sinh ng n tnh hnh tnh hnh su bnh hi la. D liu ca bi ton bao gm cc loi thng tin sau: 3.2.1. D liu bn : Lp bn a chnh ca tnh, huyn, x

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Lp bn khu dn c Lp bn t phi nng nghip Lp bn t nng nghip Lp bn sng, sui, ao, h Cc lp bn ny lin quan trc tip hoc gin tip n tnh hnh ly lan su bnh hi la v c nh hng n hng v tc ly nhim ca dch 3.2.2. D liu thuc tnh Thng tin v ging la, cc loi su hi la, cc hin tng gy hi, cc loi thuc tr su v phn bn. Thng tin s liu iu tra v mt su hi la, din tch nhim, cc loi su k sinh Thng tin v tnh hnh phun thuc tr su, tnh hnh bn phn v din tch gieo cy. 3.3. Phn tch v xc nh yu cu Cc yu cu ca ca ng dng website qun l tnh hnh su bnh hi la gn lin vi nhu cu mt c nhn hoc t chc khi s dng website xem thng tin v tnh hnh su bnh hi la. Cc thng tin ny c th thu nhn thng qua cc bo co tng hp hoc th hin bng bn . Tnh hnh su bnh hi la xut hin ni no? Ti huyn, tnh ny s dng cc bin php phng tr no, cc loi thuc tr su no c s dng? Xu hng ly lan ngn hn trong thi gian ti din ra nh th no? Cc chc nng ca h thng: Thao tc vi bn : Phng to, thu nh,di chuyn bn : Chc nng ny c xy dng vi thng tin u vo l bin BBOX ca bc nh. H thng s gi yu cu ti WebGIS server s dng WMS, kt qu tr v l nh dng png theo kiu mc nh ca chun WMS.

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Truy vn thng tin trn bn , tm kim lnh th theo a danh: Chc nng ny c xy dng vi thng tin u vo l v tr ca i tng trn bn . H thng s gi yu cu ti WebGIS server s dng WFS ly thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng, kt qu tr v l mt tp thng tin dng GML. Chng trnh s truy cp tp GML s dng m hnh DOM ly thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng. Lp bn phn b hin trng nhim ca sinh vt gy hi: Bn hin trng nhim c thit lp da theo tiu ch ca ngi dng chn theo ngy, theo vng

SLD Configuration

Renderer

User request (SLD)

Hnh 21: Bn hin trng Lp bn phn b din tch nhim: Cung cp thng tin v tnh hnh din tch nhim su bnh ca tnh, huyn x, theo thi gian v da trn i tng su bnh c th. Chc nng cp nht d liu v ging la, dch hi, Chc nng cp nht d liu v s liu iu tra; Chc nng thit lp bo co;

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Chc nng d bo ngn hn. 3.4. Xc nh Actor v Use case 3.4.1. Cc Actor ca h thng Ngi dng (user) - Duyt bn - Truy vn thng tin trn bn - Theo di mc dch, hin trng su bnh theo tng vng dn c bng cch v li bn - Tm kim i tng theo lnh th Cn b chi cc th (staff) - Gm nhng chc nng ca actor User; - Thm mi, sa, xa cc thng tin v la v su bnh cng nh cc thng tin lin quan; - Cp nht d liu thuc tnh cho cc huyn, x c iu tra; - Thit lp bo co; - Xem d bo ngn hn v tnh hnh ly lan ca cc loi su bnh. 3.4.2. Use case Duyt bn Di chuyn bn Phng to, thu nh bn Hin th bn theo vng c chn Truy vn thng tin thuc tnh trn bn Thm thng tin mi Thay i thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng. Tm kim thng tin thuc tnh ca cc i tng lp bn

Thay i thng tin ca i tng

Tm kim thng tin

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3.4.3. M hnh Use-case

Phng to , thu nh bn

Hin th bn theo vng chn Di chuyn bn

Truy vn thng tin bn

Tm kim thng tin

USER

Thm mi i tng

STAFF

Thay i thng tin thuc tnh

Hnh 22: M hnh USE CASE

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3.4.4. c t Use case Di chuyn bn : Use-case ny m t cch thc ngi dng di chuyn bn xem vng khng gian khc trn bn Lung cc s kin o Use-case ny bt u khi ngi mun dch chuyn bn xem vng khng gian khc trn bn o Ngi dng click chut ln nt o H thng ghi nhn tnh trang click chut, thay i trng thi nt sang trng thi m o Ngi dng click chut ln bn . o H thng xc nh v tr bn c di chuyn ti v v li. Cc lung s kin khc: Khng c. Cc yu cu c bit: Khng c iu kin tin quyt: Khng c Nu use case thc hin thnh cng, h thng s hin th vng khng gian bn mi cho ngi dng. Ngc li khi tht bi bn s khng thay i Phng to, thu nh bn : Use case ny bt u khi ngi dng mun phng to hoc thu nh bn Lung cc s kin o Ngi dng click chut ln nt Zoom In hoc nt Zoom Out o H thng xc nh nt ang c chn o Ty theo nt c chn bn s c phng to hoc thu nh Cc lung s kin khc: Khng c iu kin tin quyt: Ngi dng ang s dng bn cc tc v phng to hoc thu nh bn . Nu thnh cng th h thng s phng to hoc thu nh bn theo yu cu ngi dng. Ngc li trng thi bn khng thay i

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Hin th bn theo vng c chn: Use case ny bt u khi ngi dng hin th bn theo vng c chn Lung cc s kin o Ngi dng di chuyn chut vo trong bn o Ngi dng s dng chut v khung bn cn hin th o Bn s c hin th theo khung hnh c ngi dng v Cc lung s kin khc: Khng c iu kin tin quyt: Khng c Nu thnh cng th h thng s hin th bn theo khung hnh ngi dng chn la. Ngc li trng thi bn khng thay i Truy vn thng tin bn : Use case ny bt u khi ngi dng mun truy vn thng tin trn bn Lung cc s kin o Ngi dng click chut ln nt Info Ngi dng di chuyn vo trong bn o Ngi dng di chuyn chut vo trong bn v click chut vo mt i tng trn bn o Xut hin mt form mi cha thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng m ngi dng va chn. Cc lung s kin khc: Khng c iu kin tin quyt: Khng c Nu thnh cng th h thng s hin th mt form mi cha thng tin i tng trn bn c ngi dng chn la. Ngc li trng thi bn khng thay i. Cp nht thng tin bn : Use case ny bt u khi ngi dng mun thay i thng tin trn bn Lung cc s kin

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o Tron form thng tin bn , ngi dng thay i cc gi tr thuc tnh ca i tng bn . o Ngi dng xc nhn vic thay i bng vic click vo nt UPDATE. o Bn c hin th li vi cc thng tin thuc tnh c thay i. Cc lung s kin khc: Ngi dng nhp d liu khng ng vi kiu d liu thuc tnh, h thng s bo li. iu kin tin quyt: c th thm i tng im, ngi dng phi ng nhp vo h thng vi vai tr l cn b cc th y. Lc chc nng thm mi i tng im mi hin th trn thanh menu chc nng v cho php ngi dng truy cp ti Use case ny. Nu thnh cng th h thng s hin th bn vi thng tin thuc tnh c thay i. Ngc li h thng s bo li. Tm kim thng tin: Use case ny bt u khi ngi dng mun tm kim cc thng tin thuc tnh trn cc lp bn Lung cc s kin o Ngi dng click vo menu tm kim theo a danh o Ngi dng la chn thng tin cn tm kim o Ngi dng click vo nt tm kim o Kt qu s c hin th ra mn hnh Cc lung s kin khc: Ngi dng khng nh vo thng tin cn tm kim, h thng s xut thng bo ti ngi dng iu kin tin quyt: Khng c Nu thnh cng th h thng s hin th thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng lp bn m h thng tm c tha mn yu cu ca ngi dng. Ngc li trng thi bn khng thay i.

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Thm mi thng tin v cc loi su bnh, cc ging la, cc loi thuc tr su: Use case ny bt u khi ngi dng mun thm mi thng tin vo bn . Lung cc s kin o Ngi dng click vo menu ging la loi su o Mt form mi xut hin o Ngi dng thm cc gi tr thuc tnh ca i tng o Ngi dng click ln nt thm i tng hoc chn i tng chnh sa. iu kin tin quyt: c th thm i tng im, ngi dng phi ng nhp vo h thng vi vai tr l cn b cc th y. Lc chc nng thm mi i tng im mi hin th trn thanh menu chc nng v cho php ngi dng truy cp ti Use case ny. Nu thnh cng th h thng s thm mi i tng im vo trong c s d liu. Ngc li s thng bo li v trng thi bn v c s d liu khng thay i Thm mi thng tin s liu iu tra: Sau khi cn b cc chi cc th y i iu tra v tnh hnh mt su hi hoc din tch nhim, cc cn b iu tra cp nht thng tin vo h thng Lung s kin: o Ngi dng click vo menu S liu iu tra o Ngi dng chn thng tin cn cp nht o Chn vng cn cp nht thng tin o Mt form mi hin ra o Ngi dng in vo cc thng tin iu tra Thit lp bo co: thit lp bo co tng hp v tnh hnh din tch la nhim sinh vt gy hi, v c cu ging la v din tch gieo cy, tnh hnh thi tit, mt su v mt thin ch theo lnh th x, huyn, tnh,vng hoc ton quc.

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Lung s kin: o Ngi dng click vo menu Thit lp bo co o Chn kiu bo co cn thit lp o Chn vng cn lp bo co o in cc thng tin cn thit lp bo co Xem d bo ngn hn: Chc nng d bo tnh hnh su bnh hi la s dng phng php h chuyn gia cung cp cho ngi dng cng c d bo tnh hnh su bnh hi la trong thi gian ti Lung s kin o Ngi dng click vo menu D bo o Chn cp d bo cn thit lp o Chn vng cn d bo o in cc thng tin cn thit lp d bo 3.5. Thit k kin trc h thng

To v gi request n WebGIS Server Nhn hnh nh tr v t WMS Giao tip vi WebGIS Server thay i v cp nht d liu dng XML

Nhn request t Client v x l Giao tip vi Geoserver truy xut v cp nht thng tin (s dng WMS v WFS) X l thng tin tr v t Geoserver sau tr v cho Client

Qun l d liu a l Nhn cc WMS request t WebGIS server v tr v kt qu hnh nh Nhn cc WFS request t WebGIS server v tr v di dng GML

Request + XML

WMS,WF

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HTML + XML + Javascript CLIENT WEBGIS

GML

GEOSERVER

Hnh 23:

M hnh h thng

Do yu cu h thng cho php ngi dng tng tc v hiu chnh thng tin a l thng qua mt web browser nn h thng c thit k da trn m hnh ThreeTiers: Geo server: (Data Access layer) Cc d liu a l u do Geo server qun l, n s ng vi tr trung gian nhn cc yu cu truy xut v cp nht thng tin t pha Web GIS Server (cc yu cu ny phi l cc dch v WFS m Geo server cung cp), sau Geo server s x l, thao tc trc tip n d liu v tr kt qu v cho Web server di dng GML. Trong thc t th Web GIS server hay ngi dng pha client khng bit r v d liu c lu tr Geo server nh th no v thc s cng khng cn bit bi v Geo server c trch nhim qun l d liu a l t nhiu ngun khc nhau (PostGIS, MySQL, Shapefile) nhng khi cung cp d liu cho Web GIS server th n phi chuyn tt c cc d liu sang mt nh dng duy nht, l GML. Mt khc, bi v Geo server ch tp trung vo nhim v qun l d liu a l v x l yu cu t Web server nn hiu sut hot ng ca n s rt cao, iu ny rt hu ch bi v i vi cc ng dng GIS th khi lng d liu lu tr v nhu cu x l l rt ln. Web GIS server: (Business layer) Web GIS server y c mt vai tr rt quan trng, n s l bc trung chuyn giao tip vi c Geo server v client. Web GIS server s nhn yu cu truy xut v cp nht d liu a l t pha client, x l chng, chuyn cc yu cu thnh cc li gi dch v WFS n Geo server. Sau n s nhn kt qu x l t

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Geo server (dng GML), parse kt qu ri chuyn li cho client di dng n gin nht c th (s dng XML). Ti sao y li cn Web GIS server lm trung gian giao tip gia Geo server v client? Trong thc t, chng ta vn c th xy dng mt h thng p ng yu cu t ra ch gm Geo server v client m thi. Nhng iu ny dn n nhiu hn ch: u tin l s l vn bo mt v ton vn thng tin Geo server do chng ta khng th kim sot c ngi dng bn pha client Nhiu kh nng s dn n s qu ti cho client do yu cu ca ng dng ny i hi client phi x l mt khi lng rt ln cng vic Chnh v nhng l do , Web GIS server c t ra y l rt cn thit. qun l ngi dng, gim bt mt phn gnh nng x l cho client. C mt vn cn phi lu khi xy dng Web GIS server l tnh trng tht c chai bi v Web server va phi giao tip vi nhiu client va phi x l thng tin phn hi t cc Geo server, ngoi ra cn phi thc hin cc nghip v khc. Tuy nhin, y khng phi l vn qu nghim trng v h thng ny c trin khai trong mi trng Intranet v khi lng client truy cp cng mt lc l khng ln lm. Client (Presentation + Business layer) Client c trch nhim giao tip vi Web GIS server ly thng tin v hin th hnh nh bn , cho php ngi dng tng tc v hiu chnh d liu a l. N s x l cc s kin pht sinh t pha ngi dng v ghi nhn li mi s thay i d liu gi v Web GIS server. 3.6. Chi tit ng dng Mt s giao din chnh ca chng trnh: Mn hnh chnh

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Hnh 24: Mn hnh chnh

H thng trnh n (Menu)

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Hnh 25: H thng trnh n Mn hnh tm kim

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Hnh 26: Kt qu tm kim Mn hnh hin th thng tin v cp nht d liu

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68

Hnh 27: Thng tin d liu su bnh Kt qu d bo

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Hnh 28: Kt qu d bo

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Chng 4: CI T V TH NGHIM 4.1. Ci t v cu hnh GeoServer. Chp gi ci t GeoServer dnh cho h iu hnh Windows ti trang ch http://docs.codehaus.org/display/GEOS/Home. Gii nn gi ci t vo th mc trn a cng, sau thc hin cc bc ci t theo hng dn. Ch la chn phin bn Java JDK. Sau khi ci t xong to mt bin mi trng GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR, gi tr ng dn n th mc cha d liu data_dir. 4.2. Ci t c s d liu. Sau khi ci t xong GeoServer, cu hnh c s d liu bn nh a ch URL sau: http://localhost:8080/geoserver.Click nt 'Config'. Nu bn cha log in, thi hy log vo vi username and password mc nh (username: admin, password: geoserver).

Click vao nt 'Data'.

Sau , click vo nt 'Stores'.

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Sau kt ni GeoServer vi c s d liu. Chn New

Chn 'DataStore Description' nh 'Shapefile'

Copy y ng dn shapefile vo trong th mc data ca GeoServer, n s nm : <geoserver_install_dir>/server/geoserver/data/

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Click vo nt 'Submit'. By gi, chng ta cn ng k tt c cc thay i. lm iu , click vo nt 'Apply', sau 'Save' nu bn mun s dng trong tng lai.

Sau khi kt ni GeoServer vi c s d liu, bn cn thit lp cc thng s ban u cho c s d liu.Tr li trang Config -> Data -> FeatureType

Click vo nt 'New' T danh sch th xung, chn Feature Type Name, chn datastore ca bn. Sau click 'New'

Chn DataStore ca bn: test_datastore:::tutorial

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Mt mn hnh mi s xut hin. Bn s chn loi tp SLD cho d liu trong Style, chn h quy chiu ta trong SRS (bn in vo ny gi tr 4326.)

n vo nt 'submit'. Ca s s thay i ln na v tr li mn hnh FeatureType 4.3. Th nghim Kt qu th nghim chng trnh nh sau: STT 1 2 Tnh nng th nghim Hin th bn . Cc chc nng h tr Nhn chung th p ng tt, nhanh. Bn ngi dng xem nh di khi phng to khng b v, hnh nh kh chuyn bn , phng to, sc nt. nh gi Hin th tt hu ht cc i tng bn

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thu nh

Hin th thng tin khng gian ca i

Hin th thng tin tt v chnh xc. Thi

thuc tnh theo v tr gian truy vn thng tin n server nhanh tng. Cp nht thng tin ca cc i tng 5 Bn hin trng

Thc hin tt, tuy nhin cha c phn kim tra rng buc d liu nhp vo t pha ngi dng. Thc hin tt, ngi dng c ci nhn trc quan hn v thng tin bn

Kt qu d bo

Thc hin tt chc nng d bo ngn hn gip ngi dng c th bit thm thng tin v cc bin php i ph vi su bnh

Bng 6.

Kt qu th nghim chng trnh.

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KT LUN V KIN NGH Lun vn hon thnh c cc mc tiu ra, c th l:

Tng quan v GIS, cc hng pht trin GIS hin nay; Giao tip vi Geoserver thng qua WMS truy xut thng tin v ly v
nh hin th ln browser Giao tip vi Geoserver thng qua WFS truy xut thng tin thuc tnh, thay i v thm mi i tng im.

Xy dng thnh cng h thng qun l su bnh hi la;


Hng pht trin tip theo ca ti Ci thin tc x l ca h thng Ci thin chc nng d bo tnh trng ly nhim

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TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Zeiler Michael. Modeling Our World. Redland, California: ESSRI press, 1999. 254 pp. 2. Zhong-Ren Peng, Ming-Hsiang Tsou. Internet GIS: Distributed Geographic Information Services for the Internet and Wireless Network. Wiley. John Wiley and Sons, in. 2003. 679 pp. 3. Trang thng tin in t ca hip hi GIS m ngun m http://www.osgeo.org/. 4. GIS for Environmentally Substainable Developement. Proceedings of the International Conference. Novosibirsk, Russian, 1997. 503 pp. 5. Regina, Leo Hsu (2010), PostGIS in Action, Manning Publications, Greenwich. 6. Trn c S (1999), Trc a i cng, Trng i hc Giao thng vn ti, H Ni. 7. Cc trang web:

http://www.postgresql.org http://postgis.refractions.net/ http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0401/topo.html

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