Do An Tot Nghiep Bao Ve Ro Le Tram Bien AP 110kv 20120729084601 31

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV
Mc lc
Trang
Li
ni
u
.........................................................................................................................
1
Chng
1:
Gii
thiu
trm
bin
p
.........................................................................................................................
3
Chng 2: Tnh ton ngn mch phc v cho bo v rle
.........................................................................................................................
8
2.1. V tr t bo v v cc im ngn mch
.........................................................................................................................
9
2.2.
Cc
i
lng
c
bn
.........................................................................................................................
9
2.3.
in
khng
cc
phn
t
.........................................................................................................................
9
2.4. Tnh dng ngn mch ln nht qua bo v
.........................................................................................................................
11
2.5. Tnh dng ngn mch nh nht qua bo v
.........................................................................................................................
19
2.6.
Chn
my
bin
dng
in
.........................................................................................................................
29
Chng
3:
La
chn
phng
thc
bo
v
.........................................................................................................................
33
3.1. Cc dng h hng thng xy ra i vi my bin p.
Lp HT

.........................................................................................................................
33
3.2. Cc tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng ca my bin p.
.........................................................................................................................
33
3.3.
Yu
cu
i
vi
h
thng
bo
v
.........................................................................................................................
33
3.4.
Cc
bo
v
t
cho
my
bin
p
.........................................................................................................................
34
Chng 4: Gii thiu tnh nng v thng s cc rle c s dng
.........................................................................................................................
42
1.
Bo
v
my
bin
p
.........................................................................................................................
42
1.
Bo
v
so
lch
my
bin
p
rle
7UT513
.........................................................................................................................
42
2. Bo v qu dng c thi gian rle SIPROTEC 7SJ600
.........................................................................................................................
56
Chng 5: Chnh nh cc thng s ca bo v v kim tra s lm vic
ca
bo
v
.........................................................................................................................
66
5.1. Cc thng s cn thit cho vic tnh ton bo v
.........................................................................................................................
66
5.2. Chnh nh bo v so lch dng rle 7UT513
.........................................................................................................................
66
5.3. Kim tra nhy v an ton hm ca rle so lch
Lp HT

.........................................................................................................................
73
5.4. Chnh nh bo v qu dng in dng rle SIPROTEC 7SJ600
.........................................................................................................................
80
5.5. Chnh nh bo v qu ti nhit dng rle SIPROTEC 7SJ600
.........................................................................................................................
84
5.6. Bo v qu dng th t khng t dy ni trung tnh ca my
bin p vi t dng rle SIPROTEC 7SJ600
.........................................................................................................................
86
5.7. Bo v qu p th t khng chng chm t pha 35kV v 10kV
(59N/U0>)
.........................................................................................................................
87
Li ni u
Trm bin p l mt mt xch quan trng trong h thng in, l u
mi lin kt cc h thng in vi nhau, lin kt cc ng dy truyn ti
v ng dy phn phi in nng n cc ph ti.
Cc thit b lp t trong trm bin p t tin, so vi ng dy ti
in th xc sut sy ra s c trm bin p thp hn, tuy nhin s c
tram s gy ln nhng hu qu nghim trng nu khng c loi tr mt
cch nhanh chng v chnh xc.
Ngoi nhng dng s c thng xy ra trong h thng nh: Ngn
mch, qu ti, trm bin p cn c cc dng s c khc xy ra i vi
MBA nh: R du, qu bo ho mch t v.v
Nguyn nhn gy ra h hng, s c i vi cc phn t trong trm
bin p cng nh trong h thng in rt a dng. Do thin tai l lt, do
hao mn cch in, do tai nn ngu nhin, do thao tc nhm v.v
Lp HT

S c xy ra bt ng v bt k lc no do yu cu h thng bo v
phi lm vic chnh xc, loi tr ng phn t h s c cng nhanh cng
tt.
nghin cu, thit k bo v R le cho cc phn t trong h thng
in, cn phi c nhng hiu bit v nhng h hng, hin tng khng
bnh thng xy ra trong h thng in, cng nh cc phng php v thit
b bo v.
Ni dung cun n tt nghip ny l: Thit k h thng R le bo
v cho my bin p 110kV, gm 5 chng.
Chng 1: M t i tng c bo v v thng s chnh.
Chng 2: Tnh ton ngn mch phc v bo v Rle
Chng 3: La chn phng thc bo v.
Chng 4: Gii thiu tnh nng v thng s cc loi Rle nh s dng.
Chng 5: Tnh ton cc thng s ca bo v, kim tra s lm vic
ca bo v.
Do ln u tin lm nhim v thit k v s hn ch ca bn thn
cng nh thi gian, cun n ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, em
rt mong c s ch bo ca cc thy gio, c gio.
Em xin chn thnh cm n thy VS.GS. Trn nh Long cng cc
thy c gio trong b mn H thng in trng i hc Bch Khoa H
Ni tn tnh hng dn em trong sut thi gian va qua em hon
thnh n tt nghip ny.
H Ni:
Sinh vin
Lp HT

Chng 1
Gii thiu trm bin p Hng ng
1.1. Qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh.
Trm bin p Hng ng trc thuc Cng ty truyn ti in I Vit
Nam, nm a phn pha ty bc thnh ph Vinh Tnh Ngh An.
Trm c nhim v cung cp in cho tnh Ngh An, H Tnh v mt
phn ca tnh Qung Bnh. N l trm lin lc, kt ni gia min Bc v
Min Trung trong h thng in Vit Nam.
1.2. Cc thit b chnh ca trm.
Trm bin p Hng ng nhn ngun t nh my thu in Ho
Bnh qua 2 trm Ra v Thanh Ho trn ng dy 271.
1.2.1. My bin p (MBA).
Trm hin c 2 MBA t ngu AT3 v AT4 c cng sut nh mc
ca mi my l 125.000 KVA. in p nh mc 115/ 38,5/ 10,5 KV.
1.2.2. My ct in (MC).
Trong trm hin nay ang s dng cc (loi) my ct:
4 MC loi FXT - 14 dng cho pha in p 220KV
8 MC loi FXT - 11 dng cho pha in p 110kV
10 MC loi C-35M-630 loi nhiu du dng cho pha in p.
12 MC loi BM -10 dng cho pha in p 10kV
1.3. H thng ng dy.
- Trm c 5 ng dy 110kV i ra, l:
172 i Lng Ngh An.
171 i Linh Cm H Tnh.
174 i th x H Tnh.
173 ng dy kp i Bn Thu Ngh An.
- Trm c 7 ng dy 35 KV i ra, l:
Lp HT

373 cp cho huyn Nghi Lc
374 cp cho huyn Thanh Chng
375 cp cho huyn Hu Nguyn
376 cp cho huyn Nam n
377 cp cho huyn Din Chu
378 cp cho thnh ph Vinh
379 cp cho th x Ca L.
- Ngoi ra trm cn c 9 ng dy cung cp cho cc khu vc trong
thnh ph vinh v cc vng ln cn khc.
1.4. H thng bo v Rle v t ng ho.
1.4.1. H thng bo v Rle pha 220 KV.
ng dy dng loi 7SA513 ca hng Siemens v 67-67N ca
hng GECALSTOM.
My bin p AT3 v AT4:
Bo v so lch: 87 ca hng GEC ALSTHOM
Bo v d phng: 67 - 67N ca hng GEC ALSTHOM.
Bo v r le hi, dng du, mc du.
1.4.2. H thng bo v R le pha 110kV:
ng dy dng loi:
7SA511 ca hng Siemens
7SJ 513 ca hng Siemens
67-67N ca hng GEC ALSTHOM.
My bin p T1 v T2.
Bo v so lch: 87 ca hng GEC ALSTHOM.
Bo v d phng: 67 N ca hng GEC ALSTHOM..
Bo v r le du, dng du, mc du.
Bo v qu dng pha 35 KV v 10kV dng loi 50/51 ca
hng GEC ALSTHOM.
Lp HT
1.4.3. H thng t ng ho.

iu khin ng ct MC
iu chnh in p cc MBA
T ng sa thi ph ti.
T khi ng h thng qut mt cho MBA.
1.5. Cc thng s chnh ca my bin p.
1.5.1. my bin p AT3 v AT4.
T u dy t ngu/ -0-11.
Cng sut nh mc cc cun dy:
Cao
125000 KVA
Trung
125000 KVA
63000 KVA
in p nh mc cc cun dy:
Cun cao p
: 230 KV
Cun trung p
: 121 KV
Cun h p
: 10,5 KV.
in p ngn mch:
Cao - Trung
: 11,1%
Trung - H
: 27,6%
Cao - H
: 42,9%.
Tn hao ngn mch.

Cao - Trung
: 322 KW.
Trung - H
: 276 KW.
Cao - H
: 299 KW.
Ch lm vic ca trung tnh: Ni t trc tip.

1.5.2. My bin p 3 pha 3 cun dy T1 v T2.
T u dy: N - y - d11
Lp HT
Cng sut nh mc cc cun dy:
in p nh mc cc cun dy:
Cao
: 2500 KVA
Cao
: 115 KV
Trung
: 2500 KVA
Trung
: 38,5 KV
Cao
: 2500 KVA
Cao
: 10,5 KV
Dng in nh mc
in p ngn mch UN%.
Cao
: 125,5 (A)
Cao - Trung
: 10,25%
Trung
: 375 (A)
Trung - H
: 17,89%
Cao - H
: 6,25%.
Cao
: 1312 (A)
Tn hao ngn mch:
Cao - Trung
: 128,47 KW
Trung - H
: 139,61 KW
Cao - H
: 108,3 KW.
Nc iu chnh in p: 9 . 1,78%.
1.6. S ni in my bin p T1 v T2.
110KV
T1
CST2
CDHQ
CS1T1
T2
10KV
Lp HT
350KV
8
Chng 2
Tnh ton ngn mch phc v cho bo v r le
Tnh ton ngn mch ti cc v tr trn s nhm tm ra dng s c
(ngn mch) ln nht v nh nht i qua v tr t bo v, phc v cho
chnh nh v kim tra nhy ca bo v.
i vi trm thit k bo v phi tnh dng ngn mch nh sau:
tm dng ngn mch ln nht qua bo v: Tnh ngn mch 3
pha N(3), ngn mch mt pha N(1) ngn mch 2 pha chm t N(1,1).
tm dng ngn mch nh nht qua bo v: Tnh ngn mch 2
pha N(2), ngn mch mt pha N(1) ngn mch 2 pha chm t N(1,1).
Khi tnh ngn mch s dng cc gi thit.
Coi tn s l khng thay i trong thi gian ngn mch.
B qua hin tng bo ho ca mch t trong li thp cc
phn t.
B qua nh hng ca ph ti i vi dng ngn mch.
B qua in tr ca cc phn t.
Ci pha 35 KV ca my bin p trung tnh cch in hon
ton vi t.
Lp HT

2.1. V tr t bo v v cc im ngn mch.
110KV
N1
BI1
B1
N2
B2
BI2
BI3
35KV
10KV
N3
2.2. Cc i lng c bn.

Chn cng sut c bn: Scb = 100 MVA
Chn in p c bn: Ucb = UTb cc cp
Vy: UCb1 = 115 KV;
UCb2 = 37 KV;
UCb3 = 10,5 KV
Chn : EHT = 1.
2.3. in khng ca cc phn t.
in khng cc phn t c tnh trong h n v tng i
c bn (Tcb k hiu: cb)
1. in khng h thng.
Theo ti liu tnh ton ngn mch ca Trung tm iu Min Bc
(A1) i vi trm bin p Hng ng, ti thanh ci 110kV c:
SN max = 338 MVA
Lp HT
; Z0 / Z1 = 0,75
10

SN min = 283 MVA.
Gi tr in khng th t thun.
Ch h thng cc i:
S
100
cb
=
XHTmax (*cb) = S
= 0, 296.
338
N max
Ch h thng cc tiu:
Scb
100
=
XHTmin (*cb) = S
= 0, 353.
283
N min
Gi tr in khng th t khng.
Ch h thng cc i:
XOHTmax (*cb) = 0,75 . XHTmax (*cb) = 0,75 . 0,296 = 0,222.
Ch h thng cc tiu.
XOHTmin (*cb) = 0,75 . XHTmin (*cb) = 0,75 . 0,353 = 0,265.
2. in khng ca my bin p: (MBA)
1
U NC % = (U NC T %+U NC H % U NT H %
2
1
= (10,25% + 17,98% 6,64%) = 10,75%
2
1
U NT % = (U NC T %+U NT H % U NC H %
2
1
= (10,25% + 6,64% 17,98%) = 0,45% 0
2
1
U NH % = (U NT H %+U NC H % U NC T %
2
1
= (6,64% + 17,98% 10,25%) = 7,14%
2
in khng cc cun dy:

X BC(*cb ) =
U NC %.Scb 10,75.100
=
= 0,430
100.S dmB
100.25
XTB(*cb) = 0 v UTN% 0
X BH(*cb ) =
Lp HT
U NH %.Scb 7,14.100
=
= 0,285
100.S dmB
100.25
11
2.4. Tnh dng ngn mch ln nht qua bo v.

tnh dng ngn mch c n gin th trong qu trnh vit cc
i lng in khng ta b k hiu (*cb).
Dng INmax qua bo v c tnh vi:
. Cng sut ca h thng cung cp l cc i (ng vi XHTmax)
. Trm bin p c mt my lm vic hoc 2 my lm vic c lp.
S h thng khi tnh ngn mch:
35KV
110KV
I
(n)
N1
(n)
N2
N2
HT
BI
BI
N1
I(n)N3
BI
10KV
N3
Hnh 2.2: S h thng khi tnh ngn mch

2.4.1. Ngn mch ti thanh ci 110kV (N1).
Ti im ngn mch N1 do trung tnh ca my bin p ni t trc
tip nn cn tnh cc dng ngn mch N(3), N(1), N(1,1).
. S thay th.
a)
Lp HT
X1
0,29
6
b)
N1
12
X2
0,29
6
N1
(
c)
N1
X1
0,22
2
X2
0,43
X3
0,28
5
()
X0
0,17
N1
Hnh 2.3: S thay th cc th t

a) thun
b) Nghch c) Khng
Trong :
X1 = X2 = XHTmax = 0,296
X1 = HOHTmax = 0,222
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X3 = XHB = 0,285
X0 = X1 // (X2 + X3) = 0,222 // (0,43 + 0,285) = 0,17
1. Ngn mch 3 pha: N(3)
T s thay th (H. 2.3.a) c:
X1 = 0,296
E
HT
I(3)N1= X = 0,296 = 3,378
1
Trong h n v c tn:
I(3)N1 = 3,378 .
Scb
100.103
= 3,378.
= 1696 (A)
3 U cb1
3.115
2. Ngn mch mt pha: N(1):

dng ngn mch ny cc thnh phn dng in v in p c
vit cho pha A (pha A l pha b ngn mch)
S thay th (h 2.3)
Lp HT
13

X1 = X2 = 0,296
X0 = 0,17
. Cc thnh phn dng in
EHT
INA1 = INA2 = INA0 = X + X + X

1
2
0
1
= 2.0,296 + 0,17 = 1,312.

. Cc thnh phn in p:
UNA1 = INA1 (X2 = + X0) = 1,312 (0,296 + 0,17) = 0,611
UNA2 = -INA1 . X1 = -1,312 . 0,296 = -0,388
UNA0 = -INA1 . X0 = -1,312 . 0,17 = -0,223.
. V ch c mt ngun cung cp t mt pha v im ngn mch nn
ta ch cn tnh phn b dng I0 trong cc nhnh, cn thnh phn dng I1 v
I2 th ch c dng i trong nhnh t h thng ti im ngn mch.
. Thay UNA0 v INA0 vo s thay th th t khng (h. 2.3.c)
I(1)
01
I(1)OB
1
0,22
2
UNAO
0,43
INAO
3
0,28
5
Hnh 2.4.
Dng th t khng t h thng v im ngn mch.
I 01(1) =
0 U NAO 0 (0,223)
=
= 1,0
X1
0,222
I(1)OB = INAO = I01 = 1,312 - 1,0 = 0,312

Lp HT
14

Dng ngn mch t h thng i v im ngn mch
I(1)N1HT = INA1 + INA2 + I01 = 2 . 1,312 + 1 = 3,624.
Trong h n v c tn:
I N(11) HT = 3,624
Scb
100.103
= 3,624.
= 1819,4 (A)
3U cb1
3.115
Dng qua dy ni trung tnh my bin p vi t.

I(1)OTTB = 3.I(1)OB = 3. 0,312 = 0,936
Trong h n v c tn:
I
(1)
OTTB
Scb
100.103
= 0,636
= 0,936.
= 469,9 (A)
3U cb1
3.115
3. Ngn mch 2 pha chm t: N(1).

S thay th (Hnh 2.3)
X1 = X2 = 0,296
X0 = 0,17
* Cc thnh phn dng in v in p.
Cc thnh phn dng in v in p c vit cho pha (A) (l pha
khng b s c).
EHT
1
=
X
.
X
0
,
296.0,17 = 2,475.
INA1 = X + 2 0
0,29 +
1
X 2 + X 0
0,296 + 0,17
X
0,17
0,296
0
INA2 = - INA1 . X + X = 2,475. 0,17 + 0,296 = -0,9
0
2
2
INA0 = - INA1 . X + X = 2,475. 0,17 + 0,296 = -1,57
0
2
X ,X
0,296.0,17
2
0
UNA0 = UNA2 = UNA1 = INA1 . X + X = 2,475. 0,296 + 0,17 = 0, 27.
2
0
Thay gi tr UNA0 v INA0 vo s th t khng (H.2.3.c)
Lp HT
15

I(1,1)
I(1,1)O
01
1
0,22
2
UNAO
2
0,43
INAO
3
0,28
5
(Hnh 2.5)
X1 = XOHTmax = 0,222
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X3 = XHB = 0,285
Dng th t khng i t h thng ti im ngn mch
I 01(1,1) =
0 U NA0 0,267
=
= 1,202
X1
0,222
I(1,1)OB = INA0 - I(1,1)01 = -1,57 + 1,202 = -0,368

Dng ngn mch tng ca h thng cung cp ti im ngn mch
(vit cho pha A) l:
I(1,1)N1HT = INA1 + INA2 + I(1,1)01.
V l ngn mch hai pha chm t, nn dng ngn mch chnh l
dng trong pha B (hoc C).
)
I N(11,1HT
= I NB = a 2 .I NA1+aI NA 2 +I 01(1,1)
1
1
3
3
= j
2,475 + j
(0,9) 1,202 = 3,536
2
2
2
2
Trong h n v c tn:
Lp HT
16
)
I N(11,1HT
= 3,536.
Scb
100.103
= 3,536.
= 1775,2 (A)
3.U cb1
3.115
Dng th t khng qua dy ni trung tnh MBA:

(1,1)
(1,1)
I OTTB
= 3I OB
= 3.0,368 = 1,104
Trong h n v c tn:
(1,1)
I OTTB
= 1,104.
SCb
100.103
= 1,104.
= 554,2 (A)
3U cb1
3.115
4. Xt im ngn mch (N'1) sau bo v (BI).

110KV I(n)
NHT
I(n)OB
HT
BI
BI
N'1
35KV
BI
10KV
(Hnh 2.6)
Ngn mch 3 pha.
V ch c mt ngun cung cp nn dng qua bo v (BI) chnh l
dng I(3)N1: l dng ngn mch 3 pha do h thng cung cp ti im ngn
mch.
Ngn mch mt pha v ngn mch 2 pha chm t.
V ch c mt ngun cung cp ti trm nn dng ngn mch qua bo
v (BI) chnh l dng ngn mch tng do h thng cung cp ti im ngn
mch I(n)NHT "n: S ch dng ngn mch (1), (1 1)".
2.4.2. Ngn mch ti thanh ci 35 KV (im N2).
Lp HT
17

Ti im N2 nm trn thanh ci 35kV pha trung ca my bin p, c
trung tnh cch in vi t v vy ch cn tnh cho trng hp ngn mch
3 pha.
S thay th.
EHT
E(3)N2
EHT
1
0,29
6
2
0,43
N2
X1
0,72
6
N2
(Hnh 2.7)
X1 = XOHTmax = 0,296
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X1 = X1 + X2 = 0,726
I N( 32) =
EHT
1
=
= 1,377
X 1 0,726
Trong h n v c tn:
I N( 32) = 1,377.
Scb
100.103
= 1,377.
= 2148,6 (A)
3.U cb 2
3.37
Dng qua bo v
110KV
I(3)N2
IN
HT
2
3
BI1
BI2
N2
35KV
BI3
10KV
(Hnh 2.8)
Dng qua bo v 2 (BI2) khi ngn mch ti thanh ci 35 KV (N2) l:
Lp HT
18
IBI2 = I(3)N2.
37
37
= 2148,6.
= 691,3 (A)
115
115
2.4.3. Ngn mch ti thanh ci 10kV (N3).

Pha h MBA cun dy u nn ch tnh ngn mch 3 pha.
S thay th.
EHT
EHT
1
0,29
6
3
0,28
5
2
0,43
N3
X1
1,01
1
(Hnh 2.9)
X1 = XHTmax = 0,296
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X3 = XHB = 0,285
X1 = X1 + X2 + X3 = 1,011
I N(33) =
EHT
1
=
= 0,989
X 1 1,011
Trong h n v c tn:
I N( 33) = 0,989.
Scb
100.103
= 0,989.
= 5438,1 (A)
3.U cb 2
3.10,5
Dng ngn mch qua bo v.

110KV
IN
HT
1
3
BI1
I(3)N3
N3
Lp HT
19
BI2
BI3
10KV
35KV
(Hnh 2.10)
Dng qua bo v 3 pha 10kV khi ngn mch ti N3 l dng I(3)N3:
IBI3 = I(3)N3 = 5438,1 (A)
Dng qua b v 1 pha 110kV khi ngn mch ti N3 l dng I(3)N3 qui
v cp in p 110kV.
IBI1 = I(3)N3 (110) = I N(33) .
10,5
= 496,5 (A)
115
Tng kt: T cc kt qu tnh ton ngn mch trn ta c dng

ngn mch qua cc bo v khi ngn mch ti N1, N'1, N2, N3 nh bng sau:
im ngn
mch
Dy ngn mch
(3)
N
N(1)
N(1, 1)
N(3)
N(1)
N(1, 1)
N(3)
N(3)
N1
N'1
N2
N3
Dng qua BV1
Dng qua BV 2
Dng qua BV3
(A)
0
156,6
184,2
1696
1819,4
1775,2
691,3
496,5
(A)
2148,6
-
(A)
5438,1
Dng qua dy ni trung tnh MBA:

im ngn mch
Dng ngn mch

(3)
N1 (N'1)
N
N(1)
N(1 ,1)
Dng qua bo v
t dy ni TT
0
469,9
554,2
2.5. Tnh dng ngn mch nh nht (INmin) qua bo v.

Dng ngn mch min c tnh vi:
H thng cung cp ch min
Lp HT
20

Trm bin p 2 my bin p lm vic song song.
110KV
35KV
BI1
HT
BI2
N2
N1
BI3
10KV
N3
Hnh
2.10
2.5.1. Ngn mch trn thanh ci 110kV (im N1).

S thay th th t thun, nghch, khng.
X1
0,35
3
N1
(a)
(
)
(c)
1
0,26
5
Lp HT
N1
X2
0,35
3
(b)
()
2
0,43
3
0,28
5
2
0,43
3
0,28
5
N1
21
X0
0,15
2
N1
(Hnh 2.11)
X1 = XHTmin = X2 = = 0,353
X1 = XOHTmin = 0,265
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X3 = XHB = 0,285
X2 + X3
= 0,152
2
X0 = X1 //
1. Ngn mch 2 pha "N(2)".

Do s thay th th t thun, nghch c gi tr in khng X1 = X2
Nn ta c th tnh I(2)N t I(3)N theo cng thc : I N( 2) =
3 ( 3)
.I N
2
S thay th (H.11.a).
I N( 31) =
EHT
1
=
= 2,833
X 1 0,353
I N( 21) = I N(31) .
3
3
= 2,883.
= 2,454
2
2
Trong h n v c tn:
I N( 21) = 2,454.
Scb
100.103
= 2,454.
= 1232 (A)
3.U cb1
3.115
Xt im ngn mch N'1 nm sau bo v.

110KV BI1
I(n)N1
HT
BI2
I(n)N'1 N'1 I(n)OB1

I(n)OB2
N1
Lp HT
35KV
N2
BI1
22
BI3
10KV
N3
2.12
im ngn mch N'1 nmHnh
sau v
tr ca bo v nn i vi ngn
mch 2 pha th dng ngn mch qua bo v cng chnh l dng ngn mch
do h thng cung cp ti im ngn mch.
I(2)BI1 = I(2)N'1 = I(2)N1 = 1232 (A)
2. Ngn mch mt pha.
S thay th (H.2.11).
X1 = X2 = = 0,353
X0 = 0,152
Cc thnh phn dng in v in p.
(Vit cho pha A l pha b s c).
EHT
INA1 = INA2 = INA0 = X + X + X

1
2
0
1
= 2.0,353 + 0,152 = 1,165

UNA1 = INA1 (X2 + X0) = 1,165 .(0,353 + 0,152) = 0,58
UNA2 = -INA1 . X2 = -1,165 . 0,353 = -0,41
UNA0 = -INA1. X0 = -1,165 . 0,152 = - 0,177
Thay vo UNA0 v INA0 vo s th t khng (H.2.11.c)
IOB1
I01
1
0,26
5
2
0,43
N1
IOB2
2
0,43
23
Lp HT
UNA0
3
0,28
5
INA0
3
0,28
5
(Hnh 2.13)
Dng th t khng do h thng cung cp ti im ngn mch l (I01):
I01 =
0 U NA0 0 (0,177)
=
= 0,668.
X1
0,265
Dng th t khng t my bin p ti im ngn mch

0 U
0 (0,177)
NA 0
IOB1 = IOB2 = X + X = 0,43 + 0,285 = 0,248.
2
3
Dng ngn mch tng ca h thng cung cp ti im ngn mch N1:

I(1)N1HT = INA1 + INA2 + I01
= 2. 1,165 + 0,668 = 2,998
Xt im ngn mch N'1 (h.2.12).
Dng ngn mch tng i qua bo v cung cp cho im ngn mch
tng i qua bo v cung cp cho im ngn mch N'1.
1I(1)BI1 = I(1)N1 = + IOB2 = 2,998 + 0,248 = 3,246
Dng th t khng i qua trung tnh ca my bin p khi ngn mch.
I(1)BI1 = 3,246 .
I0B1 = 0,248 .
Scb
100.103
=
3,246.
= 1629,6 (A).
3U cb1
3.115
Scb
= = 124,5 (A)
3U cb1
Scb
I(1)0TTB = 0,744 . 3U = 373,5 (A)

cb1
3. Ngn mch 2 pha chm t.
S thay th (H.2.11)
X1 = X2 = = 0,353
X0 = 0,152
Lp HT
24

Cc thnh phn dng in v in p: Vit cho pha A l pha
khng h s c.
EHT
1
=
0,353.0,152 = 2,18
INA1 = X + X 2 .X 0
0,353 +
1
X 2 + X0
0,353 + 0,152
X
0,152
0,353
0
INA2 = -INA1. X + X = 2,18 0,152 + 0,353 = - 0,655
0
2
2
INA0 = -INA1. X + X = 2,18 0,152 + 0,353 = - 1,523
0
2
X 2 .X 0
0,353.0,152
UNA0 = UNA2 = UNA1 = INA1 . X + X = 2,18 . 0,353 + 0,152 = 0,231

2
0
Thay gi tr UNA0 v INA0 vo s th t khng (H.2.11c)
IOB1
I01
2
0,43
N1
1
0,26
5
IOB2
2
0,43
UNA0
3
0,28
5
3
0,28
5
INA0
Dng th t khng do h thng cung cp ti im ngn mch.

I01 =
0 U NA0 0,231
=
= -0,872
X1
0,265
Dng th t khng t my bin p ti im ngn mch

0 U
0,231
NA 0
IOB1 = IOB2 = X + X = 0,43 + 0,285 = -0,323
2
3
Lp HT
25

Dng ngn mch tng ca h thng cung cp ti im ngn
mch.
I(1,1)N1HT = INA1 + INA2 + I01
Xt im ngn mch N'1 sau bo v (H.2.12)
Dng ngn mch tng i qua bo v cung cp cho im ngn mch
bao gm dng ngn mch tng ca h thng (I(1)N1HT) v dng ITK t my
bin p B2 (IOB2).
I(1,1)BI1 = I(1,1)N'1 = I(1,1)N1HT + IOB2
I(1,1)BI1 = INA1 + INA2 +I01 + IOB2
i vi ngn mch 2 pha chm t th dng ngn mch thc
chnh l dng trong pha B (hoc C).
Vy ta c:
2
I(1,1)BI1 = I B = a I NA1 + AI NA 2 + I 01 + I OB 2
1
1
3
3
= + j 2,18 + + j (0,655) +(1,195) = 3,139
2
Dng th t khng i qua trung tnh MBA khi ngn mch

I(1,1)OTTB = 3.IOB1 = 3.0,323 = 0,969
Trong h n v c tn:
I
(1,1)
BI 1
Scb
100.103
= 3,139.
= 3,139.
= 1575,9 (A)
3.U cb1
3.115
IOB1 = IOB2 = 0,323 .

I(1,1)OTTB = 0,969 .
Scb
= 162,1 (A)
3U cb1
Scb
= 486,4 (A)
3U cb1
2.5.2. Ngn mch trn thanh ci 35 KV (im N2).

i vi im ngn mch N2 phn ny cng ch cn tnh trng hp
ngn mch N(2).
Lp HT
26

S thay th.
IM21
2
0,43
X1
0,35
3
IM2
N2
2
0,43
X1
0,56
8
IM22
N2
X1 = XHTmin = 0,353
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X
2
X1 = X1 + 2 = 0,568
. V c X1 = X2 nn ta suy I(2)N =
X0
0,15
2
EHT
1
. I N2 = X = 0,568 = 1,76
1
(3)
I(2)N2 =
3 ( 3)
.I N
2
N1
3
.1,76 = 1,525
2
Dng ngn mch i trong 1 nhnh my bin p.

I(2)N21 = I(2)N22 =
1 ( 2) 1,525
IN2 =
= 0,7625.
2
2
Trong h n v c tn:
I
( 2)
N 21
Scb
100.103
= 0,7625.
= 0,7625.
= 1189,8 (A)
3.U cb 2
3.37
Dng mch ngn qua bo v chnh l dng ngn mch i trong

mt nhnh my bin p.
Dng ngn mch qua bo v pha 35 KV (BI2) khi ngn mch ti N2.
I(2)BI2 = I(2)N21 = 1189,8 (A)
Lp HT
27

Dng ngn mch qua bo v pha 110kV (BI1) khi ngn mch ti N2
chnh l dng I(2)N21 qui v cp in p 110kV.
I(2)BI1 = 1189,8 .
37
= 382,8 (A)
115
2.5.3. Ngn mch trn thanh ci 10kV (im N3).

Tng t im N2 y ta ch tnh ngn mch hai pha N(2).
S thay th.
IM31
2
0,43
EHT
1
0,35
3
2
0,43
3
0,28
5
3
0,28
5
N3
IM32
IM3
X1 = XHTmin = 0,353
X1
0,71
7
X2 = XCB = 0,43
X3 = XHB = 0,285
X1 = X1 +
E
X2 + X3
= 0,711
2
1
HT
I(3)N3 = X = 0,711 = 1,406
1
I(2)N3 =
3
. 1,406 = 1,218
2
Dng ngn mch i trong 1 nhnh my bin p.

I(2)N31 = I(2)N32 =
Lp HT
1 ( 2) 1
I N 3 = .1,218 = 0,69.
2
2
28
N3

Trong h n v c tn:
I N( 231) = 0,609.
Scb
100.103
= 0,609.
= 3348,6 (A)
3.U cb3
3.10,5
Dng mch ngn qua bo v pha 10kV (BI3) khi ngn mch ti N3.
I(2)BI3 = I(2)N31 = 3348,6 (A)
Dng ngn mch qua bo v pha 110kV (BI1) khi ngn mch ti N3.
I(2)BI1 = I(2)N31 .
Lp HT
10,5
10,5
= 3348,6 .
= 305,7 (A)
115
115
29

Bng 2.3: Dng ngn mch nh nht qua bo v khi ngn mch ti
cc im: N1, N'1, N2, N3.
im ngn
Dng ngn
Dng qua BV1
Dng qua BV 2
Dng qua BV3
mch
mch
N(2)
N(1)
N(1, 1)
N(2)
N(1)
N(1, 1)
N(2)
N(2)
(A)
124,5
162,1
1232
1629,6
1575,9
382,8
305,7
(A)
1189,8
-
(A)
3348,6A
N1
N'1
N2
N3
Bng 2.4: Dy th t khng (I0) i qua dy ni trung tnh my bin

p khi c ngn mch chm t.
im ngn mch
Dng ngn
Dng qua bo v
mch
t dy ni TT
373,5
486,4
(1)
N1 (N'1)
Lp HT
N
N(1, 1)
30

2.6. Chn my bin dng in.
My bin dng in c chn theo cc iu kin sau.
- in p
: Um.BI Umng
- Dng in : ImBI ILVcb

- Ph ti
: Z2m BI Z2 r2.
- n nh lc ng in: 2 . K . I1m iXK.

- n nh nhit: (Knh . I1m)2. Tnh BN.
2.6.1. Chn BI cho cp in p 110kV.
in p nh mc ca mng: Um = 110kV.
Dng lm vic cng bc (ILVcb): l dng cng bc mch cp cho
my bin p khi MBA lm vic ch qu dng.
ILVcb =
1,4.S dmb 1,4.25000

=
= 183,7 (A).
3.U dm
3.110
Da vo dng in ILVcb v Ummng ta chn loi T - 110 OM:

C cc thng s:
Um = 110kV
ISm = 200 (A)
ITm = 5 (A)
Ko = 150.
Kim tra n nh lc ng in.

Dng n nh lc ng in ca BI. Io = 2 . K . I1m.
= 2 . 150 . 200 = 42,43 RA.
Dng ngn mch xung kch:
IXK = 2 . KXK . INmax (BI1) = 2 . 1,85 . 1,057 = 2,765. KA
(Trong HT r << L v vy ta ly gn ng KXK = 1,85).
Io > IXK nh vy BI t n nh lc ng in.
Kim tra n nh nhit.
Xung lng nhit ca BI: Bnm = (Knh - I1m)2. tnh
Lp HT
31

Xung lng nhit ca dng ngn mch:
BN = BNCK + BNKCK = I2N (t + Ta)
t: l thi gian tn ti ngn mch, ly gn ng bng 0,1.
Ta: hng s thi gian. Ta = 0,05.
BN = 1,0572 (0,12 + 0,05) = 0,19.
BNm > BN vy BI n nh nhit.
2.6.2. Chn BI cp in p 35kV.
Dng lm vic cng bc:
ILVcb = 1,4 .
S dmB
25.103
= 1,4
= 577 A.
3.U dm
3.35
Chn loi BI: TH - 35M.

Cc thng s:
Um = 35 KV
ISm = 1000 (A)
ITm = 5 (A)
Ko = 100.
Io (BI) = 2 .100 . 1000 = 141,42 RA.
IXK = 2 . 1,85 . 2,148 = 5,62 KA.
Io (BI) > IXK Vy BI t n nh lc ng in.
BI khng cn kim tra n nh nhit v c Im nn kh nng n
nh nhit ln.
2.6.3. Chn BI cp in p 10kV.
Dng in lm vic cng bc:
ILVcb = 1,4 .
Lp HT
S dmB
25.103
= 1,4
= 2020 A.
3.U dm
3.10
32

Chn loi BI: TW - 10M.
Cc thng s:
Um = 10kV
ISm = 3000 (A)
ITm = 5 (A)
Ko = 100.
Io = 2 .100 . 3000 = 424,2 KA.
IXK = 2 . 1,85 . 5,57 = 14,57 KA.
Io > IXK Vy BI t iu kin n nh lc ng in.
Khng cn kim tra n nh nhit ca BI v:
ImBI = 3000 A > 1000 A.
2.6.4. Chn BU cp 110kV.
in p nh mc ca mng 110kV.
Chn loi: HK - 110 - 58.
in p nh mc s cp: Usm = 110kV
in p cun th cp chnh: UTm = 100/ 3 V
in p cun th cp ph: UTm = 100/3 V
Cng sut cc i
: Smax = 2000 VA.
2.6.5. Chn BU cp 35 KV.

in p nh mc ca mng 35 KV.
Chn loi: 3HOM - 35.
Cc thng s: USm = 35kV
in p cun th cp chnh: UTm = 100/ 3 V
in p cun th cp ph: UTm = 100/3 V
Cng sut cc i
: Smax = 1200 VA.
2.6.6. Chn BU cp 10kV.

Lp HT
33

in p nh mc ca mng 10kV.
Chn loi: 3HOM - 10.
in p nh mc s cp: USm = 10kV
in p cun nh mc cun th cp ph: UTm = 100/3 V
Cng sut cc i
Lp HT
: Smax = 400 VA.
34

Chng III
La chn phng thc bo v
3.1. Cc dng h hng thng xy ra i vi my bin p (MBA).
Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy my bin p.
S c mt pha trong my bin p. C hai trng hp.
+ Cc vng dy trong cng mt pha chm nhau.
+ Chm t v ngn mch chm t (chm v).
Cch in gia cc l thp ca mch t b ph hu, dng in
xoy qu ln t chy li thp.
V my bin p hng dn n mc du trong my bin p tt
qu mc cho php gy nn pht nng cc b.
3.2. Cc tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng ca my bin p.
Dng in trong cc cun dy tng cao do ngn mch ngoi v qu
ti, nu dng ny tng qu mc cho php trong mt thi gian di s lm lo
ho cch in dn n gim tui th ca my bin p.
Cc s c lin quan n u my bin p.
3.3. Cc yu cu i vi h thng bo v.
- Tc ng nhanh: h thng bo v tc ng cng nhanh cng tt
nhm loi tr s c mt cch nhanh nht, gim c mc h hng ca
thit b.
- Chn lc: Cc bo v cn phi pht hin v loi tr ng phn t
h s c ra khi h thng.
- nhy: Cc bo v chnh cn m bo h s nhy khng thp
hn 1,5, cc bo v ph (d phng) c nhy khng thp hn 1,2.
Lp HT
35

- tin cy: Kh nng bo v lm vic ng khi c s c xy ra
trong phm vi c xc nh trong nhim v bo v, khng tc ng
nhm khi s c xy ra ngoi phm vi bo v c xc nh.
3.4. Cc bo v t cho my bin p.
Trm bin p cn bo v l trm phn phi vi hai my bin p 3 pha
3 cun dy 110/35/10kV lm vic song song, cng sut mi my l
25MVA.
3.4.1. Cc bo v t cho my bin p.
1) Bo v r le kh: Chng li cc h hng bn trong thng du nh
chm chp cc vng dy t trong thng du, r du. Bo v lm vic theo
mc bc hi v chuyn ng ca dng du trong thng.
2) Bo v so lch dng in c hm tc ng nhanh (87T/I) c
s dng lm bo v chnh cho my bin p, chng li ngn mch mt pha
hoc nhiu pha, chm t. Bo v cn tho mn nhng iu kin sau:
. Lm vic n nh i vi dng khng cn bng xut hin khi ng
my bin p khng ti vo li in hoc ct ngn mch ngoi, bo ho
mch t ca BI.
. m bo nhy vi cc s c trong khu vc bo v.
. C bin php ngn chn tc ng nhm ca bo v so lch khi dng
in t ho tng cao.
3) Bo v qu dng in: (51/I>) (50/I>>).
Bo v pha 110kV lm bo v d phng cho bo v so lch, lm
vic vi 2 cp tc ng: cp tc ng ct nhanh v cp tc ng c thi
gian. Cp tc ng c thi gian phi phi hp tc ng vi cc bo v pha
35kV, 10kV.
Bo v qu dng t pha 35kV v 10kV lm vic c thi gian v
c phi hp vi bo v qu dng pha 110kV.
4) Bo v chng qu ti.
Lp HT
36

Bo v c t cc pha ca my bin p nhm chng qu ti cho
cc cun dy.
Rle lm vic vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc v c nhiu cp tc
ng: Cnh bo, khi ng cc mc lm mt bng tng tc tun hon
ca khng kh hoc du, gim ti my bin p, ct my bin p ra khi h
thng nu nhit ca my bin p tang qu mc cho php.
5) Bo v qu dng th t khng t pha trung tnh my bin p.
Bo v ny dng chng ngn mch t pha 110kV. Thi gian tc
ng ca bo v chn theo nguyn tc bc thay 51N.
3 I.>
110K
V
RK2
35KV
1 I>>
2 I>
RK1
I>>
5
10KV
I>
I>
I>>
Hnh 3.4: S phng thc bo v MBA

1: Qu dng in ct nhanh (50)
2: Qu dng c thi gian (51)
3: Qu dng th t khng (51N)
4: Bo v so lch c hm (87T)
5: Bo v rle nhit (49)
6,7: Bo v rle kh (1,2)
Lp HT
37
N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P3110KV

.
3.4. Nguyn l hot ng ca cc loi bo v.
a. Nguyn l hot ng ca rle kh.
:
B gin du
Bnh
Ch t r le
kh
v
Thng bin
p
k
Hnh 3.4.1
R le kh lm vic theo mc bc hi v chuyn

ng ca du
trong thng du. Rle kh thng t trn on ni t thng du n bnh
gin du (hnh 3.4.1.). Tu theo rle c 1 cp tc ng hayMhai cp tc ng
m n c 1 cp tc ng hay hai cp tc ng m n c mt
B hoc hai phao
kim loi mang bu thu tinh con c tip im thu ngn hoc
A tip im t.
Cp mt ca bo v thng tc ng cnh bo. Cp hai tc ng ct
my bin p ra khi h thng.
t
trng thi bnh thng trong hnh rle y du,cc phao ni l
lng trong du, tip im rle trng thi h. Khi c s c bn trong thng
du nh chm chp c vng dy, cun dy, nhit h quang
n lm du bc
hi v chuyn ng mnh. p sut ca hi du v chuyn
g ng ca du
nhn chm cc phao xung lm tip im ca rle ng li
gi tn hiu i
cnh bo hoc ct my bin p ra khi h thng.
u
R le cng tc ng khi c hin tng r du, do .lc mc du
trong thng tt xung v th cc phao cng b tt xung theo mc du lm

cho cc tip im ca rle ng li. Nu mc du gim t th ch tip im
ca phao cp mt ng li gi tn hiu i cnh bo. Nu mc du gim
Lp HT
38

nhiu th tip im phao cp hai ng gi tn hiu i ct my ct tch my
bin p ra khi h thng .
c. Nguyn l lm vic ca bo v so lch dng in.
IS1
BI1
IT1
Phn t
c bo
v
I1 + I2
BI2 IS2
N2
IT2
N1
Hnh 3.5.2: S nguyn l bo v so lch dng in.

Bo v so lch dng in hot ng trn nguyn tc so snh cc gi
tr bin dng in i vo v i ra ca cc phn t c bo v. Nu s
sai khc gia hai dng in vt qu gi tr no th bo v s cm nhn
l s c trong khu vc bo v v s tc ng.
Khu vc bo v c gii hn bi v tr t ca bin dng hai u
phn t c bo v, t nhn tn hiu dng so snh.
Khi lm vic bnh thng hoc ngn mch ngoi th dng so lch
(ISL) qua r le bng khng, r le khng lm vic.
Nu b qua sai s ca BI th khi lm vic bnh thng hoc ngn
mch ngoi ti N1 (H.3.5.2) dng so lch qua r le s l: ISL = I=IT1-IT2 =
0.
Khi ngn mch trong vng bo v (ti N2) dng mt pha (IT2) s thay
i c chiu ln tr s. Khi dng so lch qua r le s l:
ISL = I = IT1 - IT2 >> 0
Lp HT
39

Nu ISL = I ln hn mt gi tr no ca (IK) dng khi ng th
bo v s tc ng tch phn t b s c ra.
Trn thc t do sai s ca BI, c bit l s bo ho mch t, do
trong ch bnh thng cng nh ngn mch ngoi vn c dng qua rle,
gi l dng khng cn bng (Ikcb).
Dng khi ng ca bo v phi nh sao cho ln hn dng khng
cn bng.
Ikbv > Ikcb
tng kh nng lm vic n nh v tin cy ca bo v, thng
ngi ta s dng nguyn l hm bo v. R le so lch c hm so snh hai
dng in, dng lm vic (ILV) v dng hm (IH). R le s tc ng khi
ILV>IH.
Trong trng hp ngn mch ngoi v ch lm vic bnh thng,
dng in lm vic s b hn nhiu so vi dng in hm ILV < IH bo v
khng tc ng.
ILV = ISL 0
IH = IT1 + IT2.
Khi ngn mch ti N2 trong phm vi bo v lc .
ILV = ISL = IT1 + IT2.
IH = IT1 - IT2.
Nh vy ILV > IH bo v tc ng.
ILV
ILV>>
Vng tc
ng
2
ILVmin
Lp HT
KH2
Vng
hm
Tg =
KH1
1
40
Vng hm b
xung
Hnh 3.5.2b: c tnh lm vic so lch

c hm
IH
i vi my bin p cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao (bc 2 bc 5)

c tch ra tng cng hm nhm trnh tc ng nhm ca bo v khi
ng ct my bin p khng ti, my bin p b kch thch hoc ngn mch
ngoi. Do dng in t ho xung kch, xut hin khi ct my bin p khng
ti cha mt phn lng rt ln hi bc cao (bc 2) v c th t n tr s
cc i khong 20% 30% tr s dng s c. Cn khi my bin p qu
kch thch th thnh phn hi bc 5 tng ln t ngt.
d. Nguyn l lm vic ca bo v qu dng in ct nhanh (50/I>>)
v c thi gian (51/I>).
Qu dng l hin tng dng qua cc phn t tng ln vt qu gi
tr lu di cho php. Qu dng in xut hin khi c s c ngn mch hoc
qu ti.
I>
>
I>
I>
T2
t1
Khi lm vic bnh thng dng qua r le c gi tr nh hn gi tr

dng khi ng (IK) ca rle, khi r le khng lm vic.
Khi c s c trong phm vi bo v ca rle, dng qua s le tng ln,
nu dng ny vt qu dng khi ng th r le s tc ng.
i vi rle qu dng in ct nhanh: Khi dng in Ikbv qua bo v
tng n I > Ikbv bo v tc ng ct my ct tc thi vi thi gian t 0s.
Lp HT
41

i vi r le qu dng in c thi gian: Khi dng in qua bo v
(I) tng n I > Ikbv th bo v s hot ng nhng ngi ta s khng ch
thi gian a ra tn hiu i ct my ct.
Dng khi ng ca r le c chnh nh theo biu thc sau:
INmin > Ik =
K at .K m
.I LV max
Kv
Trong :
ILVmax : Dng lm vic ln nht cho php i vi phn t c bo
v.
Kat: H s an ton ly Kat = 1,1 1,2
Km: H s m my Km = 2 5
KV: H s tr v KV = 0,8 0,9 i vi r le c, KV = 1 i vi r le
tnh.
INmin: Dng ngn mch cc tiu i qua bo v m bo cho bo v tc
ng c.
d. Nguyn l lm vic ca vo v qu dng in th t khng t
trung tnh my bin p.
Bo v ny dng chng cc dng ngn mch chm t pha
110kV (H.3.4.2)
Trong ch bnh thng, nu h thng c 3 pha hon ton i xng
v khng c thnh phn hi bc cao th dng in i qua BI0 l bng khng.
Tuy nhin iu ny khng th thc hin c nn qua BI0 lun c dng
in khng cn bng (IKcb) chy qua. Do phi chnh nh rle c dng
khi ng IK > IKcb.
Trong ch s c chm t lc dng th t khng i qua bo v
110KV
s tng ln. Nu IOSC IK th bo v s tc ng.
35KV
Lp HT
I0 >
BI0
42
10KV
Hnh 3.4.2
e. Bo v qu ti rle nhit (49/0)
Bo v loi ny phn nh mc tng nhit nhng im kim tra
khc nhau trong my bin p v tu theo mc tng nhit m c nhiu
cp tc ng khc nhau.
Cp 1: Cnh bo khi ng cc mc lm mt, tng tc tun hon
ca khng kh hoc du, gim ti my bin p.
Cp 2: Sau khi cp 1 tc ng khng mang li hiu qu v nhit
ca my bin p vn vt qu gii hn cho php v ko di qu thi gian
qui nh th my bin p s c ct ra khi h thng.
Lp HT
43

Chng IV
Gii thiu tnh nng v thng s cc rle
c s dng
Nhng thnh tu t c trong lch s pht trin ngnh cng nghip
in lc, c bit l trong nhng nm gn y, cho php thit k v xy
dng cc h thng in ln, gm cc my pht in, my bin p c cng
sut ln, cc ng dy ti in cao p v siu cao p, vi cc h thng bo
v dng thit b k thut s vi nhng u vit rt ln.
. Tch hp c nhiu chc nng vo mt h bo v nn kch thc
gn gng.
. tin cy v sn sng cao nh gim c yu cu bo tr cc
chi tit c kh v trng thi cu rle lun c kim tra thng xuyn.
. chnh xc cao.
. Cng sut tiu th b 0,1 VA.
. Ngoi chc nng bo v cn c th thc hin nhiu chc nng
khc: o lng, hin th, ghi chp cc thng s trong h thng.
. D dng lin kt vi cc thit b khc v vi mng thng tin o
lng, iu khin ton h thng in.
1: Bo v my bin p
bo v cho my bin p y ta chn loi rle 7UT513
(Siemens) lm bo v chnh cho my bin p; loi SIPROTEC 7SJ600
(Siemens) lm bo v ph v lm bo v d phng.
1. Bo v so lch my bin p (87T/I).
Rle 7UT513 l loi r le s dng bo v cho my bin p 3 cun
dy. 7UT513 tc ng nhanh v chn lc, chng li cc dng ngn mch
xy ra trong phm vi bo v.
Lp HT
44

Ngoi bo v my bin p 3 cun dy, rle cn c s dng bo
v cc im phn nhnh c 3 nhnh hoc phn t c 3 u vo. Rle cng
c s dng bo v chng chm t hn ch cho my bin p, khng
in v my in c im trung tnh ni t trc tip.
Rle c b phn bo v qu dng c thi gian v b phn qu ti
nhit, c th bo v qu dng v qu ti cho cc cun dy.
1.1. Mt s tnh nng hot ng ca Rle.
- c tnh lm vic n nh.
- n nh vi dng t bin cha sng hi bc 2.
- n nh vi dng khng cn bng thong qua hoc lu di.
- Lm vic tin cy vi thnh phn 1 chiu v s bo ho ca my
bin dng (BI).
- C n nh cao i vi cc mc bo ho khc nhau ca BI.
- Tc tc ng nhanh i vi dng s c ln.
- C th tng nhy i vi s c chm t bng cch hiu chnh
dng th t khng.
- Thch ng vi cc t u dy ca my bin p.
- Thch ng vi cc t s bin i ca BI vi s khc nhau ca dng
danh nh.
1.2. Cc thng s k thut v phm vi chnh nh.
1.2.1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca Rle.
Mch o lng.
Dng danh nh (IN): 1A hoc 5A
Tn s danh nh: 50 Hz.
Cng sut tiu th: 0,1 VA/pha. tng ng vi Id = 1A
0,1 VA/pha tng ng vi Id = 5A.
Kh nng qu ti nhit:
100 Id trong thi gian 1s
Lp HT
45

20 Id trong thi gian 10s
4 Id trong thi gian lu di.
Qu ti xung: 250 Im trong na chu k.
in p ngun thao tc (in p lm vic ca rle) ngun mt
chiu qua b chnh lu: 24V 250V DC.
in p danh nh (VDC)
Phm vi thay i cho php
24/48
19/56
60/110/125
48/144
220/250
176/288
Cng sut tiu th: 13 - 22W.

Thi gian phc hi in p khi s c mch 1 chiu ln hn
hoc bng 50S Um 110 VDC.
Tip im tc ng:
S rle tc ng: 5
S tip im trn mt rle: 2 thng m (NO)
Dung lng ng: 100W/VA.
Dung lng ct: 30W/VA
in p tc ng: 250 V
Dng cho php: 30 A trong 50s.
Tip im bo tn hiu:
S rle tn hiu: 11
S tip im trn mt rle: 1 chuyn tip (CO) hoc 1 thng m (NO)
Dung lng ng, ct: 20W/VA.
Dng cho php: 1 A.
u vo nh phn.
S u vo: 5
in p lm vic: 24 - 250 VDC.
Dng in tiu th: 2,5mA.
1.2.2. Phm vi chnh nh i vi chc nng bo v so lch MBA.
Lp HT
46

. Cp 1: ISL >; 0,15 Id B 2IdB bc chnh nh 0,01 IdB.
. Cp 2: ISL >>; 0,5 IdB 20IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB.
Trong : IdB l dng danh nh ca my bin p.
. T l dng t bin (Cha sng hi bc 2); 10% 80% bc chnh
nh 1%.
. T l sng hi bc cao (bc 3, 4, 5): 10% 80% bc chnh nh 1%.
. Thi gian chnh nh: 0,00S 60,00s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
. Thi gian phn ng ca rle: 18ms 35ms.
1.3. Phng thc hot ng.
a. S phi hp cc gi tr o.
Cc dng in c cp n b bo v theo tng pha qua cc my
bin dng trung gian. Cc cng vo c cch in vi nhau v cch in
i vi mch in. iu ny cho php thc hin im trung tch ngoi b
bo v hoc thm vo thit b to trung tnh trong mch dng.
S phi hp t s my bin p lc, my bin dng v s lch pha do
t u dy ca my bin p cn bo v, c thc hin mt cch hon ton
ton hc.
Thng thng khng phi dng cc my bin dng phi hp. Cc
dng in vo c bin i t l vi dng nh mc ca my bin p lc.
iu ny c thc hin bng cch khai bo d liu nh mc my bin p
lc nh l: Dng in nh mc cng sut nh mc trong khi chnh nh
bo v.
Khi t u dy c khai bo, thit b bo v c kh nng thc
hin vic so snh dng in theo cng thc nh trc.
Dng in c bin i bng cc ma trn, vi cc hng s c lp
trnh m phng cc dng so lch trong cc cun dy ca my bin p.
Lp HT
47

Cc nhm vc t u c th c khai bo (k c i pha). Ngoi ra
dng chm t c th c loi tr. Bi vy, cc dng s c i qua my
bin p khi c s c chm t trong li in c v hiu ho.
b. nh gi cc i lng o.
Sau khi dng chm t (dng th t khng) c loi tr rle tch t
s bin dng, nhm vc t, cc gi tr dng in so lch (DIFF) v cc gi
tr dng in hm (STAB) cc gi tr tc thi ca dng s cp (i1), th cp
(i2) cp th 3 (i3) ca cc pha A, B, C ca my bin p theo cc mi tng
quan sau:
DIFF = ISL = I1 + I 2 + I 3
STAB = IH = I1 + I 2 + I 3
So snh cc gi tr DIFF v STAB vi c tnh ct, c tnh ny phn
chia vng tc ng v vng khng tc ng.
Cc iu kin lm vic chnh ca bo v.
iu kin 1: Lic bnh thng hoc ngn mch ngoi phm vi bo
v: Trong trng hp ny dng I1 v I2 c cng ln v ngc chiu
nhau: I1=-I2.
ISL = I1 + I 2 = I1 I 2 = 0
IH = I1 + I 2 = 2 I1.
Khi khng c tn hiu tc ng (ISL = 0), dng in bng hai ln
dng ngn mch i qua (IH = 2I1).
iu kin 2: Ngn mch trong phm vi bo v (phn t c s u
vo v ra ln hn hoc bng 2) khi 2 ngun cung cp t hai pha lc I 3
= 0, dng I1 v I2 cng chiu.
Lp HT
48
ISL = I1 + I 2
IH = I1 + I 2
Dng so lch v hm bng tng cc dng s c.
iu kin 3: Ngn mch trong phm vi bo v, ngun cung cp t
mt pha. Trng hp ny I2 = 0.
ISL = I1 + I 2 = I1
IH = I1 + I 2 = I1.
Dng so lch (IDIFF) v dng hm (ISTAB) bng nhau v bng dng s

c mt pha.
Nh vy i vi cc s c trong phm vi bo v ca rle c ISL = IH
v c tnh s c l ng thng c dc bng 1 (Hnh 4.1)
ISL
c tnh s
c
IdB
7
6
5
4
3
Gi tr t
I/IN
2
1
Vng hm
Vng tc
ng
Vng (hm b
xung)
b
IBASA
123456789101112
IH
IdB
Hnh 4.1: c tnh khi ng ca bo v

cng cc gi tr chnh nh
on c tnh (a), biu din ngng nhy ca rle khi xt n dng
khng cn bng c nh qua rle trong ch lm vic bnh thng.
Lp HT
49

on c tnh (b), xt n dng khng cn bng do sai s ca BI
sinh ra, s khc nhau ca t s bin dng, s thay i u phn p ca my
bin p. on ny biu din mc hm cao hn.
on c tnh (c), biu din mc hm cao hn nhm m bo cho
rle lm vic tin cy trong iu kin dng khng cn bng ln.
on c tnh (d) biu din ngng tc ng ct nhanh ca bo v.
Khi dng so lch t n tr s ca ngng ny, bo v s tc ng ct
nhanh m khng quan tm n dng hm (IH).
c) Chc nng phn tch tn s, hm hng s sng hi bc cao.
Dng so lch c th sut hin khng ch bi s c trong my bin p
hoc qu kch thch ca my bin p m cn bi dng t ho xung kch khi
ng my bin p khng ti, hoc my bin p qu kch thch. Cc trng
hp ny c pht hin bng cch phn tch cc thnh phn sng hi bc
cao cha trong chng.
Dng xung kch c th ln gp nhiu ln so vi dng nh mc ca
my bin p v c c trng bi thnh phn hi bc 2 cha trong n (gp
i tn s cng nghip) hi ny thng khng c trong trng hp s c
ngn mch.
Bn cnh sng hi bc 2 cc thnh phn bc cao khc cng xut hin.
c bit l thnh phn hi bc 5, tng ln mt cch t ngt khi my bin
p b qu kch thch.
Cc b lc s c dng thc hin phn tch FURE dng so lch
IfN
IfN s b hm.
(ISL). Khi lng hi vt qu gi tr t rle
IN
2.0 TRIP
IN
2.0 TRIP
BLOCK
Adjustable e.g
2nd harmonic =
15%
1,0
0,5
0,2
Lp HT
0,1
5
Adjustable
e.g
IDIFF>/IN = 0,2
00,10,20,30,40,5
1,0
0,5
50 0,2
0,1
5
I2f/IfN
BLOCK
Adjustable
5nd harmonic =
40%
Adjustable
e.g
IDIFF>/IN = 0,4
00,10,20,30,40,5
I5f/IfN
d. Hm b sung.
Vng hm b xung nhm tng cng n nh ca rle trong
trng hp BI b bo ho mnh do ngn mch ngoi.
Rle 7UT513 c trang b thit b ch bo bo ho thit b ny s
pht hin s bo ho v khi ng hm b sung.
S bo ho ca BI trong khi ngn mch ngoi c pht hin bi
dng hm ln, dng hm ny nhanh chng chuyn im lm vic vo vng
hm ny nhanh chng chuyn im lm vic vo vng hm b sung. Khi
xut hin ngn mch trong, im lm vic lp tc chuyn n c tnh s
c, thit b ch bo bo ho thc hin quyt nh ny ch trong mt na chu
k u sau khi s c xut hin.
e. Khi ng ct:
Khi dng so lch (DIFF) t ti 75% gi tr t, bo v khi ng.
Chng trnh thc hin t kim tra v o lng vn hnh c chuyn v
ch nn, ton b kh nng tnh ton c dng cho cc thut ton bo
v.
c quyt nh pht tn hiu ct cn tho mn cc tiu chun sau:
. Dng DIFF tn s cng nghip cn vt qu gi tr c chnh
nh.
. Lng hi bc 2 v hc 5 khng vt qu gi tr c t.
. T s gia dng so lch (DIFF) v dng hm (STAB) th hin s
c bn trong vng bo v.
Lp HT
51

Trong trng hp c bit, hai tiu chun na c th c chp
thun trc khi tn hiu ct c a n rle ct.
Quyt nh ct tn ti sut thi gian tr TDIFF (nu t thi gian tr).
Khng c tn hiu kho ngi (Bo v c th c kho qua cng
nh phn).
Nu c 5 tiu chun trn c p ng, cc rle ct s tc ng.
. Rle s tr v khi trong 2 chu k khi ng khng nhn c tn
hiu dng so lch, tc l gi tr so lch (DIFF) tt thp qu 50% gi tr t.
1.4. Cc chc nng khc.
a. Bo v qu ti nhit.
Trong t hp rle 7UT51 cn c b bo v qu ti nhit bo v
my bin p khi b thit hi gy bi qu ti.
B bo v tnh tng nhit theo m hnh nhit ca mt vt th c
lp (Single - body) theo biu thc:
d
1
1
+
=
dt . .I 2
Trong :
: tng nhit tc thi tng ng qua nhit cui vi

dng in cao nht cho php.
: Hng s thi gian nhit cho vic nung nng cun dy my
bin p.
I: Gi tr hiu dng ca dng in tc thi cun dy (gi tr
cc i), tng ng vi dng ca cun dy c cng sut cho
php ln nht Imax = K.IN.
S tng nhit c tnh ton theo dng in pha.

Vic tnh ton cng c th c thc hin theo pha c tc tng
nhit cao nht, gi tr trung bnh ca tng nhit pha hoc pha c
dng in ln nht.
Lp HT
52

Khi nhit tng ti mc t u tin, n bo ng cnh bo sng.
bo hiu phi gim ti. Nu mc tng nhit t ti mc t th 2, my bin
p c th c ct bi h thng. Rle cng c b phn cnh bo khi qu dng.
. Phm vi chnh nh ca chc nng bo v qu ti nhit. Ngoi h s
qu ti K, hng s thi gian 2 v nhit bo hiu WARN phi c ci t
vo bo v.
H s qu ti K = 0,1 4, bc chnh nh 0,01.
Hng s thi gian = 1 9,999 pht, bc chnh nh 0,1 pht.
Mc tng nhit bo ng: 0,1 Idcd 4Idcd, bc chnh nh
0,01Idcd (Idcd: dng in danh nh cun dy).
. Rle c hai c tnh thi gian lm vic (H.4.4) trc khi qu ti
my bin p mang ti.
( I / K .I N )
t = .Ln ( I / K .I ) 2 1
N
Trc khi qu ti my bin p mang ti 90% ti nh mc.
( I / K .I N ) 2 ( I PRE / K .I N )
t = .Ln
( I / K .I N ) 2 1
Lp HT
53
t / pht
t / pht
100
100
50
50
30
20
1000
10
30
t pht
20
10
500
t pht
5
200
1000
100
500
50
200
0.50
0.50
20
0.30
100
0.30
0.20
0.20
10
0.10
50
0.10
20
1
0.05
1
5 6
0.05
8
10 12
I/k.I
2
3
5
10
4 5 6
8
10 12
I/k.I
c tnh thi gian ca bo v qu ti

- c theo di ton b dng ph ti
(Ban u khng mang ti)
c tnh thi gian bo v qu ti c

theo di ton b dng ph ti
(Ban u mang 90% ti nh mc)
Hnh 4.4. c tnh thi gian bo v qu ti nhit rle 7UT513

b. Bo v qu dng c thi gian.
C th dng lm bo v d phng cho cc cun dy my bin p vi
c tnh thi gian c lp hoc ph thuc.
c tnh thi gian c lp c 2 cp tc ng.
2
(
I Cp
/ k .I>:
I NI/I) 2 = 0,1 30, bc chnh nh 0,01.
(
)
I
/
k
.
I
( IP
N
t = .ln
t = .ln 0,01s
( I / k.I N Thi
) 2 gian
1 tc ng: 0,00s 32,0s, bc chnh nh
( I / k .I N )
dB
Lp HT
54

Cp I>>: I/IdB = 0,1 30, bc chnh nh 0,01.
Thi gian tc ng: 0,00s 32,0s, bc chnh nh 0,01s.
* c tnh thi gian ph thuc.
C ba h ng cong c tnh ph thuc (H.4.1.5).
Ph thuc bnh thng ( dc bnh thng)
0,14
TP
t = ( I / I )0,02 1 . 10 (s)
P
Ph thuc rt cao (cc dc)
80
Tp
t = ( I / I ) 2 1 . 10 (s)
P
* Phm vi chnh nh i vi c tnh ph thuc.
Ip: 0,1 . IdB 20.IdB, bc chnh nh 0,01 IdB.
TP: 0,5s 32,0s, bc chnh nh 0,01s
t[s]
t[s]
100
100
50
40
30
50
40
30
Tp[s]
20
Tp[s]
20
10
10
5
4
3
32
32
5
4
16
3
2
0.50
0.4
0.3
0.2
8
4
2
0.1
0.50
0.4
0.3
16
0.5
0.05
2
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.05
2
10
20
I/Ip
Ph thuc thng
(a)
Lp HT
Ph thuc cao
(b)
55
10
20
I/Ip
t[s] 100
50
40
30
20
10
5
4
3
Tp[s]
2
1
32
0.50
0.4
0.3
16
0.2
0.1
0.05
2
8 10
20
I/Ip
Ph thuc rt cao (c)

Hnh 4.5: c tnh thi gian ph thuc ca rle 7UT513
c. Bo v chng t hn ch (BVCCHC)
Dng bo v cun dy my bin p, my pht in, ng c,
khng in c trung tnh trc tip ni t.
nhy cao vi ngn mch chm t trong vng bo v.
n nh cao khi xy ra ngn mch chm t trong vng bo v v
dng phng php n nh bng cch tnh ton ln v gc pha ca dng
ngn mch.
* Gii hn chnh nh dng: 0,05 2,00, Bc chnh nh 0,01.
* Gc gii hn:
LIMITS
= (I'0, I''0).
Trong : I'0 l dng in i qua BI t dy trung tnh ni t. I''0 l

dng in i qua BI t cc u ra ca dy cun my bin p.
Lp HT
56

* H s hm dng in khng cn bng (K)
K = 10% 80%; Bc chnh nh 1%.
* Thi gian tc ng: 0,00S 60,00s; bc chnh nh 0,01s.
* Thi gian tr v: 0,008 60,00s; bc chnh nh 0,01s.
Io'
IREF
F LIMIT
Vng tc ng
Vng kha.
2
- 0.5
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
I'0/I''0
Hnh 4.1.4a: c tnh tc ng ca

bo v chng chm t ph thuc vo
t s dmg in: I0"/I0'.
Io'
IREF
F LIMIT
Vng tc ng
Vng kha.
1
3
F (Io',Io")
Hnh 4.1.4b: c tnh tc ng ca bo v

chng chm t ph thuc vo gc lch
pha gia I0' , I0''.
* Nguyn l ca BVCCHC:
I1
I2
I0'
Lp HT
I3
7UT51
3
I0''=57
I1 + I2 +
I3
Hnh 4.I.4c.
Bo v so snh dng in i qua dy ni trung tnh (I' 0) vi tng
dng in TTK chy trong cc pha (I''0)
* Dng in tc ng:
IREF = I'0
* Dng in hm
ISTAB = K ( I'0 - I''0+ I'0 + I''0)
(trong : K l h s hm).
* Gi thit K = 1, bin I'0 v I''0 bng nhau th ngn mch ngoi
hoc ch bnh thng IREF = I'0
ISTAB = 2. I'0
Bo v h kho:
Khi ngn mch trong vng bo v:
IREF = I'0 ; ISTAB = 0 hoc -2 I'0bo v s tc ng.
* Trn y ta xt trng hp coi nh I'0 v I''0 l cng pha nu ngn
mch trong vng bo v hoc ngc pha nu ngn mch ngoi vng bo
v.
* Thc t do sai s ca BI nn phi xt n gc (I''0, I'0). c tnh
tc ng ca bo v nh hnh v (hnh 4.1.4.b).
2. Bo v qu dng c thi gian (I > /51)
bo v qu dng cho my bin p cc pha dng loi rle
SIPROTEC 7SJ600 (Siemens) rle c t c ba pha ca my bin p
bo v qu dng, qu ti, t dy ni t trung tnh my bin p bo
v qu I0. SIPROTEC 7SJ600 l loi rle s c c tnh thi gian c lp
v c tnh ph thuc. Rle c s dng bo v my bin p, ng
Lp HT
58

dy bn khng, ng dy cp, ng c. Bn cnh bo v qu dng in
rle 7SJ600 cn bo v qu ti nhit, bo v qu ti khng i xng v
kim tra thi gian m my ng c.
Rle c kh nng lu tr thng tin tc thi ca cc s c xy ra
trong mng, phc v cho vic phn tch cc s c tip theo.
Dng s c c pht hin trong tng pha ring bit, dng qua t
c tnh ton t dng cc pha.
Rle lm vic tin cy i vi thnh phn mt chiu, dng t ho t
bin, dng in np v tn s cao trong dng o lng.
Rle c bn h c tnh thi gian ph thuc theo tiu chun IEC v
tm h c tnh thi gian ph thuc theo tiu chun ANSI/TEEE.
2.1. Thng s k thut chnh.
Dng danh nh:
1A hoc 5A.
Tn s danh nh:
50Hz
Cng sut tiuth:
i vi dng 1A, < 0,1 VA.
Kh nng qu ti:
Qu ti nhit
100Id trong thi gian 1s

30 Id Id trong thi gian 10s
4 Id trong thi gian lu di
Qa ti xung: 250. Id trong thi gian mt na chu k.

2.2. c tnh lm vic ca rle v phm vi chnh nh.
a. Bn h c tnh thi gian ph thuc theo tiu chun IEC.
c tnh thi gian lm vic:
0,14
Ph thuc bnh thng: t = ( I / Ip)0, 02 1 .Tp (s)

13,5
Ph thuc cao: t ( I / Ip) 1 .Tp (s)
Lp HT
59

80
Ph thuc rt cao. t = ( I / I ) 2 1 .TP ( s)

P
Dng cho chm t ko di:
120
t = ( I / I ) 1 .TP ( s)
P
Trong :
t: Thi gian tc ng ct.
TP: Thi gian tr chnh nh.
I: Dng s c.
IP: Gi tr dng khi ng.
Trong trng hp s c chm t, thay IP bng IEP vo cc phng
trnh c tnh trn khi s dng rle vo lm bo v chm t. (I E - dng qua
t).
Vi mi c tnh thi gian ph thuc cn c thm cp tc ng th
hai tc thi hoc c c tnh thi gian c lp v cp th ba tc ng tc
thi.
t[s]
t[s]
100
100
50
40
30
50
40
30
20
Tp[s]
20
10
10
5
4
3
32
5
4
16
0.50
0.4
0.3
2
1
0.2
0.50
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.05
2
0.5
0.1
0.05
2
10
20
I/Ip
Ph thuc thng
(a)
Lp HT
Ph thuc cao
(b)
60
10
20
I/Ip
t[s]
t[s]1000
100
500
400
50
40
30
300
Tp[s]
200
20
100
10
50
40
5
4
30
32
20
16
10
1
0.50
0.4
0.3
5
4
3
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05
0.05
2
0.05
4
62
48
10 8 10
20
20
I/Ip
I/Ip
Ph thuc rt cao
Dng
(c)cho chm ko di
Hnh 4.5: c tnh thi gian ph thuc ca rle 7SJ600
Phm vi chnh nh.
- Cp tc ng vi thi gian ph thuc:
Ipk: 0,1. IdB - 4IdB bc chnh nh 0,1. IB.
IEpk: 0,1 . IdB bc chnh nh 0,1. IdB.
Thi gian tr chnh nh TP: 0,05s - 3,20s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
- Cp tc ng tc thi hoc theo c tnh thi gian c lp.
Lp HT
Tp[s]
61
32
16
8
4

Ipk: 0,1 IdB - 25,0 . IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB
IEpk: 0,1 IdB - 25,0 . IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB
Thi gian tr chnh nh TP: 0,00s - 60,00s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
- Cp tc ng tc thi :
Ik: 0,3 IdB - 12,5 IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB .
c tnh thi gian c lp.
R le 7SJ600 c 3 cp tc ng theo c tnh thi gian ph thuc.
Cp 1: Ik. 0,1 IdB 25. IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB .
IEk. 0,1 IdB 25. IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB .
Cp 2: Ik. 0,1 IdB - 25. IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB .
IEk. 0,1 IdB - 25. IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB .
Cp 3: Tc ng nhanh tc thi.
Ik: 0,3 IdB - 12,5. IdB bc chnh nh 0,1 IdB .
Thi gian tr chnh nh cho cp 1 v cp 2 trong khong 0,00s
60,00s, thi gian phn ng ca rle t 20s n 35s.
3. Bo v qu ti.
Rle 7SJ600 ngoi cc chc nng trn cn c chc nng bo v qu ti.
C hai phng thc bo v qu ti.
- Bo v c theo di ton b dng ph ti (Overload protection with
total memory).
- Bo v khng theo di ton b dng ph ti (Overload protection
without memory).
a. Phng thc bo v c theo di ton b dng ph ti.
Theo phng php ny bo v s theo di ton b dng ph ti, ngay
c khi hin tng qu ti khng sy ra.
Bo v xc nh tng nhit theo m hnh ca mt vt th c
lp, theo phng trnh.
Lp HT
62

d 1
1
+ . = .I 2
dt
Trong :
: tng nhit tc thi c lin quan ti nhit cui cng ng
vi dng in cc i.
: Hng s thi gian nhit cho vic nung nng cun dy.
I: Dng in tc thi ca cun dy tng ng vi dng cao nht
trong cc cun.
Khi nhit tng n ngng u tin, tn hiu bo ng s c gi
i, nhm bo ng gim ti. Nu nhit t ti ngng nhit ct, thit
b c bo v s c ct ra khi li.
tng nhit c tnh cho tng pha ring bit. Nhit ln nht
ca mt trong ba pha s quyt nh ngng tc ng.
Khi nhit t ti ngng cnh bo, bo v s m thi gian "ch
i" cho ti khi tc ng, theo cng thc:
t = .ln
I 2
I 2 1
Sau khi tc ng ct, thi gian tr v c m v bo hiu cho

ti khi nhit h xung di mc cnh bo.
- Phm vi chnh nh:
H s qu ti K: 0,4 2,00 bc chnh nh 0,01.
Hng s thi gian : 1,0 999,9 pht chnh nh 0,1 pht.
Mc nhit cnh bo: 50% 90% nhit tc ng ct, bc chnh nh 1%.
c tnh thi gian tc ng.
I
I pre
.I ddB
.I ddB
k
k
t = .ln
2
I
.I ddB 1
k
Lp HT
6
63

Trong :
t: Thi gian tc ng
: Hng s thi gian.
I: Dng ph ti.
Ipre: dng ph ti qu kh.
k: H s qu ti.
b. Phng thc bo v khng theo di ton b dng ph ti.
Theo phng thc ny bo v ch xc nh dng in ph ti khi
hin tng qu ti xy ra.
Khi dng in mt trong cc pha tng ln n tr s gii hn (1,1I1)
bo v khi ng v b m thi gian bt u hot ng. Khi thi gian
"ch i" kt thc, tn hiu ct s c gi i.
c tnh tc ng:
35
t = ( I / I ) 2 1 .t1 i vi I > 1,1.I1.

1
t: Thi gian tc ng
I: Dng ph ti.
I1: Gi tr ngng khi ng.
t1: Thi gian tr chnh nh.
Phm vi chnh nh.

I1: T 0,4 . IdB - 4.0 IdB , Bc chnh nh 0,1. IdB
t1: T 1,0s 120s ; bc chnh nh 0,1s.
Lp HT
6
64
t / pht
t / pht
100
100
50
50
30
20
t pht
1000
10
30
20
10
500
t pht
5
200
1000
100
500
50
200
0.50
0.50
20
0.30
100
0.30
0.20
0.20
10
0.10
50
0.10
20
1
0.05
1
5 6
0.05
8
10 12
I/k.I
2
3
5
10
4 5 6
8
10 12
I/k.I
c tnh thi gian ca bo v qu ti

- c theo di ton b dng ph ti
(Ban u khng mang ti)
c tnh thi gian bo v qu ti c

theo di ton b dng ph ti
(Ban u mang 90% ti nh mc)
Hnh 4.6: c tnh thi gian bo v qu ti ca rle 7SJ600

4. Chc nng t ng ng li (TL)
a. Phm vi chnh nh:
. S ln TL c th 1 n 9
. Loi TL: TL 3 pha.
. Thi gian TL (tTL) i vi ln TL th nht 0,05s - 1800s bc
chnh nh 0,01s.
Lp HT
65
(
I / k .I N ) 2 ( I P
t = .ln
( I / k .I N )

. tTL i vi ln th 2: 0,05s - 1800s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
. tTL i vi ln th 3: 0,05s - 1800s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
. tTL i vi ln th 4 v ln khc: 0,05s - 1800s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
. Thi gian tr v sau khi TL thnh cng 0,05s - 320,0s bc chnh
nh 0,01s.
. Thi gian kho sau khi TL thnh cng: 0,05s - 320s bc chnh
nh 0,01s.
. Thi gian tr v sau khi ng li bng tay 0,05s 320,0s bc
chnh nh 0,01s.
. Thi gian tn ti tn hiu ng: 0,01s - 60,0s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
b. Nguyn tc lm vic:
Sau khi bo v qu dng loi tr s c, TL c khi ng, khi
thi gian tTL kt thc, mch ct nhn c tn hiu ng li.
. Nu s c c loi tr, thi gian tr v kt thc v chc nng
TL tr v trng thi tch.
. Nu sau ln TL th nht m s c vn cha c loi tr th thi
gian tr v s chm dt bi s ti lp tc ng, TL ln hai bt u. Cho
ti khi ln TL th n thnh cng th sau thi gian tTL ca th n kt thc.
. Mch ct s nhn c tn hiu ng. ng thi s tr v cng bt u.
Nu sau n ln TL cho php m s c vn tn ti, bo v s a ra
tn hiu cui cng ct phn t s c ra khi h thng v thi gian kho bt
u. Trong thi gian ny cc tn hiu ng li u b kho, TL khng
thnh cng.
5. Chc nng bo v qu dng th t khng.
Bo v qu dng th t khng t dy ni t trung tnh ca my
bin p, chng ngn mch chm t.
. Cp c thi gian: (51N/I0>) c th chn c tnh thi gian c lp
hoc ph thuc.
Lp HT
66

Ik = k0.Id BI.
Trong :
k0: H s chnh nh dng in khi ng th t khng, ly k0= 0,4.
IdBI: Dng in danh nh ca BI t dy ni t trung tnh ca
my bin p.
. Cp ct nhanh: (50N/I0>>)
Ik = k0.IBI (k0 = 2)
Lp HT
67

Chng 5
Chnh nh cc thng s ca bo v v kim tra s lm vic ca bo v
5.1. Cc thng s cn thit cho vic tnh ton bo v
1. My bin p.
Cp in p (kV)
Thng s
Cng sut danh nh (MVA)
in p danh nh (kV)
Dng in danh nh (A)
T u dy
Gii hn thay i u phn
p ( %)
in p cc i (kV)
in p cc tiu (kV)
T s bin i ca my bin
dng: nI = IS/IT
110 (kV)
35 (kV)
10 (kV)
25
115
125,5
YN (0)
25
38,5
375
y ()
25
10,5
1312
d () -11
16
133,5
96,6
40,42
36,58
10,5
10,5
200/5
100/5
3000/5
2. Cc kt qu tnh ton ngn mch chng 1 (Bng 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4).
5.2. Chnh nh bo v so lch dng rle 7UT51.
5.2.1. Cc thng s cn chnh nh.

a. Ngng tc ng cp 1. ISL>.
Ngng tc ng ny chnh l on a ca c tnh tc ng (H.4.1),
biu th dng khi ng (IDIFF) min ca bo v khi xt n dng khng cn
bng (Ikcb) c nh qua rle trong ch lm vic bnh thng.
Dng khng cn bng sinh ra do dng t ho gii hn iu chnh u
phn p v sai s ca BI.
Thng chn IDIFF = (0,3 0,4) Id B.
dc ca on c tnh b (SLOPE1)
Lp HT
68

dc on c tnh ny m bo cho rle lm vic tin cy trong
trng hp khng cn bng xy ra do sai s ca BI v thay i u phn p
ca my bin p.
dc ca c tnh c xc nh theo ln gc 1. Theo nh sn
xut th tc dc (SLOPE1) l 0,250 th cho php thay i u phn p
ca my bin p ti 20%.
dc ca on c tnh C (SLOPE2).
on c tnh ny c mc hm ln hn, nhm m bo cho rle
lm vic trong iu kin dng khng cn bng ln, BI b bo ho khi c
ngn mch ngoi.
dc ca on c tnh c xc nh theo ln ca gc 2
(thng 1 < 2 500).
b. Ngng tc ng cp 2 (ISL>>).
Khi dng so lch t n ngng ny (on c tnh d) th rle tc
ng ngay lp tc khng k mc dng hm.
1
Ngng ny thng c chnh nh mc IDIFF bng U % ) ln Idd

N
ca my bin p.
c. T l hi bc hai v bc 5 trong dng so lch.
Khi t l hi bc hai v nm t ti ngng chnh nh tn hiu ct s
b kho trnh rle khi tc ng nhm.
d. Phm vi hm b sung.
Vng hm b sung bt u t dng in hm
IH = 7.IdB.
e. Thi gian tr.
f. Thi gian tr v.
5.2.2. Vo thng s my bin p, a ch khi 11.
Lp HT
69

T cc thng s danh nh ca my bin p, rle s t tnh ton
thch ng vi t u dy v dng danh nh ca cc cun dy theo chng
trnh lp sn.
Rle yu cu cc thng s ca cc cun dy my bin p nh sau:
- Cng sut danh nh ca my bin p (MVA)
- in p danh nh ca my bin p (kV)
- Dng danh nh s cp ca BI (A)
- S hiu t u dy ca my bin p.
Nu my bin p c iu chnh in p, thay cho in p danh nh
bng in p (UN).
U max .U min
(kV)
max + U min
UN = 2. U
Trong : Umax, Umin l cc gi tr in p ln nht v nh nht c th

t c khi thay i u phn p.
Tng ng ta c:
133,5.96,6
Pha 110kV: UN1 = 2. 133,5 + 96,6 = 112,1 (kV)

40,42.36.58
Pha 35kV: UN2 = 2. 36,58 + 40,42 = 38,4 (kV)

Pha 10kV; UN3 = 10,5 (kV).
Th t vo thng s my bin p cho rle c m t nh sau:
a ch; Lnh v s liu.
M t.
1100
M khi "D liu MBA".
TRANSFORMER DATA
D liu cun 1 (Cun cao p).

1102
112,1
UN
in p danh nh ca cun
1;
UNI = 112,1 kV
WIND 1
kV
1103
25
MVA
Lp HT
PN
WIND 1
Cng sut danh nh cun 1:

SI = 25 MVA
70
1104
200
1105
PT
TOWARDS
IN
CT
WIND 1
Dng s cp danh nh ca
BI t cun 1 : IBId = 200 A
STAR
im u sao ca BI cun 1
pha my bin p.
A
CT1
TRANSF.
1106
I0
HANDLE
X l dng I0 ca cun 1:
I0 b loi tr.
CT
Dng s cp danh nh ca
BI t dy ni trung tnh:
IBI = 200 A
I0 - ELIMINATION
1107
200
1108
IN
STP 1
A
CT1
TOWARDS
EAR - PT
TRANSF
im ni t ca BI trung
tnh pha MBA
D liu cun 2.
1121
VECTOR
GR2
S hiu t u dy cun 2;
y (Y) c s hiu l 12.
UN
WIND
in p danh nh cun 2:
UN2 = 38,4 kV
WIND
Cng sut danh nh cun 2:

S2 = 25 MVA
WIND
Dng s cp danh nh ca
BI t cun 2: IBId = 1000
A
im u sao ca BI cun 2
pha thanh gp
12
1122
2
38,4
kV
1123
PN
2
25
MVA
1124
CT
1000
1125
PT
TOWARDS
A
CT2
STAR
TRANSF.
D liu cun 3
1141
VECTOR
1142
UN
S hiu t u dy cun 3
(-11) c s hiu l 11
GR3
11
10,5
Lp HT
in p danh nh cun 3
UN3 = 10,5 kV.
WIND 3
kV
71

1143
PN
25
Cng sut danh nh cun 3

S3 = 25 MVA.
WIND 3
MVA
1144
IN
3000
CT
Dng s cp danh nh ca
BI ca cun 3. IBI = 3000 A.
WIND
5.2.3. Cc thng s chnh nh bo v so lch.

. Ngng khi ng c hm ca dng in so lch.
IDIFF> ; (IDIFF/IdB) = 0,30
. Ngng khi ng khng c hm ca dng in so lch.
IDIFF>>; (IDIFF>>/IdB) = 8,0.
. dc ca on c tnh b (SLOPE 1).
Chn: 1 = 220 (h s hm KHb = tg1 = 0,4.
SLOPE1 = 0,40.
. im c s ca nhnh c tnh C.
IBASA = IH/IdB = 2,5.
. dc ca on c tnh C (SLOPE 2)
2 = 350 -> H s hm KHC = tg2 = 0,70
SLOPE 2 = 0,70
. T l hi bc hai: 15%.
. T l hi bc nm: 30%.
. Ngng cho php hm hi bc nm c hiu lc.
ISL/IdB = 1,5.
. Ngng cho php hm h sung khi ng.
IH/IdB = 7,00.
. Ngng thay i h s hm th nht
>
0,3
SL
H
I*H1 = K = 0,4 = 0,75 (I*H = I )
Hb
ddB
. Ngng thay i h s hm th 2.
I
*
H2
I H* .SLOPE 2
2,5.0,7
=
=
= 5,833
SLOPE 2 SLOPE1 0,7 0,4
I
*
DIFF >>
I*H3 = SLOPE 2 + I H = 0,70 = 13,9
Lp HT
72

I*SL2 = I*H2.SLOPE1 = 5,83 . 0,4 = 2,33
I SL
(I*SL = I )
ddB
1. Vo thng s bo v so lch, khi a ch 16.
a ch; Lnh v s liu
1600
DIFF
M t
TRANSFORM.
PROTECTION.
1601
DIFF
Khi " Bo v so lch MBA"
PROT
Bo v so lch : M.
ON
1603
0.30
I - DIFF>
I/InTr
1604
8.00
I_ DIFF>>
I/InTr
1606
SLOPE1
0.40
1607
2.50
BASE
PT 2
I/InTr
1608
SLOPE2
0.70
1610
2 nd
ON
T l hi bc hai trong dng

in so lch m r le pht tn
hiu kho.
2 nd
HARMON
15%
1612
CROOSB
2HM
* 1P
1613
5 th
1614
30 %
Lp HT
n.
HARMON
HARMONIC
5.
dc ca nhnh hm th
ba (nhnh c): SLOPE2 = 0,7.
Hm dng t bin theo
thnh phn hi bc 2: M.
HARMON
1611
Ngng khi ng c hm
ca dng in so lch: IDIFF>
= 0,30. (Id).
Ngng khi ng khng c
hm ca dng in so lch:
IDIFF>> = 8 . (Id)
dc ca nhnh th hai
(b) SLOPE1 = 0,40.
SLOPE1 = 0,35.
im c s ca nhnh c
tnh hm th ba (nhnh c):
IBASE = 2,5. (Id).
HARMON
Kho cho gia cc pha lun

c hiu lc.
Hm bng hi bc 5.
T l hi bc 5 trong dng in
so lch, khi r le pht tn
73 hiu kho: 30%
1616
1615
ID
IFFmax 55 HM
CROOSB
Ch
c ncho
ng hm
ngpha
hilun
bc
Kho
gia b
cc
5cchhi c
u lc n ngng
u lhi
c.
cao nht khi ISL= 1,5 (Id)
Thi gian hm b sung khi BI
b bo ho l 8 chu k.
Ngng cho php hm b
sung bt u khi ng: IH =
7,00 (Id).
Thi gian tr ca cp IDIFF>
Ti> = 0,0s.
1,5 * 1P I/InT r
1617
T_SAT_BLO
* 1P
1618
7.00
1625
0.00
SAT _ RESTR
I/InTr
T - DELAY >
1626
Thi gian tr ca cp IDIFF>>

Ti>> = 0,0 s.
T _ DELAY
>>
0.00
1627
0.00
Thi gian tr v ca r le.

TTV = 0,0.s.
T _ RESET
T kt qu chnh nh trn ta s c c tnh lm vic ca rle nh sau:

ISL
Id B
c tnh s
c
ISL>>
8
=
7
6
Vng tc
ng
5
4
*
I SL2
c
Vng
kho
3
= 2,33
2
ISL>= 1
a
0,3
00,7 1
I*5
H1
1
2
3
2,5
2
4
IH*
5 6
5,833
(I*H2)
IH
Vng hm b
IdB
sung
13,
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 9
Hnh 5.1.
Lp HT
74
I*H3

5.2.4. Kim tra iu kin qu ti ca rle.
iu kin: Ik 4. ITdd(BI).
Ikdd 4.5 = 20 (A)
I ddB
Dng khi ng Ik = I
.K.ISL >
sdd ( BI )
Trong : K l h s nh hng ca t u dy my bin p v dng
ngn mch (Bng sau).
Loi ngn mch
3 pha [N(3)]
2 pha [N(2)]
1 pha c loi I0
1 pha khng loi dng I0
Cun cao p
1
1
1,5
1
T u dy chn T u dy l
1
1
1
3 /2
1,5
3
1
3
Gi tr khi ng ca rle.
Thng s
Cun 110 (kV)
Cun 35(kV)
Cun 10 (kV)
0,627
0,375
0,438
1,5
Ik (A)
0,94
0,94
1,41
0,94
1,5
Ik (A)
0,563
0,563
0,844
0,563
1,5
Ik (A)
0,657
0,657
1,138
1,138
I ddB
I sdd ( BI )
ISL> (A)
Loi ngn mch
N(3)
N(2)
N(1) loi I0
N(1) khng loi I0
T cc kt qu trn cho thy iu kin qu ti ca rle tho mn yu

cu Ik < 20 (A).
5.3. Kim tra nhy v an ton hm ca rle so lch.
5.3.1. Kim tra nhy.
Rle 7UT513 tnh ton dng in so lch v dng hm theo cng thc:
ISL = I1+ I 2 +I 3
Lp HT
(5.1)
75
IH = I1 + I 2 + I 3
(5.2)
Trong I1, I 2 ,I 3 l dng qua BI1, BI2, BI3.

IH
Nu I*H1 < I th h s hm l: KHb = 0,40

ddB
IH
Nu I*H2 I th h s hm l: KHC = 0,7.

ddB
. H s nhy:
IH
I SL
Nu I < I*H2 ; Kn = I .K
ddB
H
Hb
IH
(5.3)
I SL / I ddB
Nu I I*H2 ; Kn = ( I ./ I 2,5).K
ddB
H
ddB
HC
(5.4)
a. Kim tra nhy ch cc i (Vi SNHTmax).

Trong ch ny ta kim tra nhy i vi dng ngn mch ti cc
im N'1, N'2, N'3.
110kV
35kV
I1
BI2
BI1
N'1
87T/
I
I2
N'2
N'3
BI3
I3
10kV
. Xt im N'3:
Theo kt qu tnh ngn mch chng 2: Bng 2.1, ta c:
Dng ngn mch i qua bo v pha 110kV (BI1) l: I1 =496,5A
Dng qua bo v pha 35kV (BI2), 10kV (BI3)
I2 = I3 = 0 (A)
y ta chn cp in p c s tnh ton l pha 110kV.
Lp HT
76

p dng cng thc(5-1) v (5-2)
ISL = 496,5 (A)
IH = 496,5 (A)
I
496,5
SL
H
Vy: I = I = 125,5 = 3,96 < I*H3 = 5,833
ddB
ddB
(IdB: Dng in danh nh ca cun cao (110kV) MBA.)

nhy ca bo v: p dng cng thc (5-3).
I
496,5
SL
Kn = I .K = 496,5.0,4 = 2,5.
H
Hb
. Kim tra khi ngn mch ti im N'2 cng tng t nh im N'3.

. Kim tra khi ngn mch ti N'1: Xt 2 trng hp ngn mch N(3), N(1).
Bng 5.3: Kt qu tnh ton kim tra nhy 7UT513.
im ngn mch
Dng NM
IH = I1 + I 2 + I 3
N'2
N'3
N(3)
N(1)
N(3)
N(3)
1690
0
0
1819,4
0
0
691,3
0
0
496,5
0
0
(A)
1690
1819,4
691,3
496,5
(A)
1690
1819,4
691,3
496,5
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
13,5
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
14,5
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
5,5
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
3,69
313,75
313,75
313,75
276,5
313,75
198,8
967,6
1,75
1053,9
1,72
2,5
2,5
Thng s
I1 = I(n)N (A)
I2 = I(n)N (Qui v cp 110kV) (A)
I3 = I(n)N (qui v cp 110kV) (A)
ISL = I1+ I 2 +I 2
N'1
IH1 = 0,75 . IdB (A)

IH2 = 5,833 . IdB (A)
H s hm trong vng IH < IH2 (KHb)
H s hm trong vng IH IH2 (KHc)
ISL/IdB
Ct nhanh khng quan tm n hm khi
ISL/IdB 8
im c s nhnh b: B = 2,5.IdB.
S = KHb.IH (A) Khi IH < IH2
S = KHc (IH - B) (A) khi IH IH2
nhy: Kn = ISL/S
b. Kim tra nhy ca bo v ch h thng min.

Phng php tnh ton tng t phn cc i ca h thng ta c kt
qu bng sau:
im ngn mch
Lp HT
N'1
77
N'2
N'3

Dng NM
N(2)
N(1)
N(2)
N(2)
1232
0
0
1629,6
0
0
382,8
382,8
0
305,7
0
305,7
(A)
1232
1629,6
775,6
611,4
(A)
1232
1629,6
775,6
611,4
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
9,8
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
12,9
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
3,18
94,2
732
0,4
0,7
2,46
313,75
313,75
313,75
313,75
240,5
642,5
1,92
921,1
1,77
310,1
2,4
Thng s
I1 = I(n)N (A)
ISL = I1+ I 2 +I 2
IH = I1 + I 2 + I 3
IH1 = 0,75 . IdB (A)

IH2 = 5,833 . IdB (A)
H s hm trong vng IH < IH2 (KHb)
H s hm trong vng IH IH2 (KHc)
ISL/IdB
Ct nhanh khng quan tm n hm khi
ISL/IdB 8
im c s nhnh b: B = 2,5.IdB.
S = KHb.IH (A) Khi IH < IH2
S = KHc (IH - B) (A) khi IH IH2
nhy: Kn = ISL/S
2,5
5.3.2. Kim tra an ton hm ca rle.

Theo nguyn l ca bo v so lch th khi ngn mch ngoi vng bo
v th dng so lch o c s bng khng. Tuy nhin trn thc t bo v
s o c dng khng cn bng.
ISL = Ikcb = IkcbFi + IkcbU + Ikcbni
Trong :
. IkcbFi l dng khng cn bng do sai s ca BI.
IkcbFi = Kn . Kkck . Fi . INngmax.
Vi Kn: H s khng ng nht ca BI: Kn = 1.
Kkck: H s nh hng ca thnh phn kck ca dng ngn mch.
Fi: Sai s ln nht ca BI.
INngoi max: Dng ngn mch ngoi ln nht.
. IkcbU: Dng khng cn bng do vic thay i u phn p ca MBA.
IkcbU = Uc. INngmax.
Lp HT
78

Uc: L phm vi iu chnh in p ln nht v mt pha ca MBA.
. Ikcbni: Dng khng cn bng sinh ra do vic la chn t s dng
danh nh ca BI t cc pha ca my bin p khng ph hp vi t s
ca my bin p.
Sai s ny rle 7UT513 t loi tr c.
1) Kim tra an ton hm ca rle.
Khi h thng cung cp vi cng sut cc i.
Trong trng hp ny ta xt dng ngn mch ln nht ti 2 im
ngn mch N2, N3.
i vi trm bin p thit k bo v ch c 1 ngun cp n t phi
110kV nn khng cn xt im ngn mch ngoi N1.
110kV
35kV
I1
N1
I2
BI2
BI1
N2
87T/
I
BI3
I3
10kV
N3
. Xt ngn mch 3 pha ti N2 pha 35 kV.

Theo kt qu tnh ngn mch chng 2 bng 2.1 c dng ngn
mch qua bo v 1 v 2 khi ngn mch ti N2 l:
I2 = 2248,6 (A)
I1 = 691,3 (A)
Chn cp in p 110kV lm c s, qui i dng qua bo v 2 v cp 110kV.
Lp HT
79
I2 =
2148,6.37
= 691,3 (A)
115
ISL = (Fi + U). I2

Fi = 0,1 (sai s ca BI bit).
U = 9.1,78% = 16,02% = 0,1602
ISL = (0,1 + 0,1602) . 691,3 = 179,8 (A)
IH = | I1| + | I2| +| I3| = | I1| + | I2| = 2| I1|
= 2. 691,3 = 1382,6
(A)
* an ton hm: KatH
Nu: IH < IH2 th khi KH = KHb = 0,4
Trong : IH2 l gi tr in hm tr ngng thay i h s hm.
IH
KatH = ( I / K )
SL
Hb
Nu IH > IH2 th KH = KHC = 0,7.
IH
KatH = (2,5.I + I SL )
ddB
K HC
Ta c: IH = 1382,6 (A)
IH2 = 5,833 . ImB = 732 (A)
IH > IH2.
1382,6
KatH = 313,75 + 256,8 = 2,42

* Xt ngn mch 3 pha ti im N3 trn thanh ci 10kV.
Theo kt qu tnh ngn mch chng 2 bng 2.1 c dng ngn
mch qua bo v 1 v 3 khi ngn mch ti N3.
I1 = 496,5 (A)
I3 = 5438,6 (A)
Qui i dng qua bo v 3 (I3) v cp in p c s 110kV.
Lp HT
80
I3 = 5438,6 .
10,5
= 496,5 (A)
115
ISL = (Fi + U) . I3 = (0,1 + 0,1602) 496,5 = 129,1 (A)

IH = | I1| + | I2| + | I3| = 2 | I1| = 2.496,5 = 993 (A)
an ton hn: KatH
IH = 933 (A) ;
IH2 = 732 (A)
IH > IH2.
933
H
Vy: KatH = (2,5.I +I /K ) = (313,75 +129,1 / 0,7) = 1,87.
ddB
SL
HC
2) Kim tra an ton hm ca rle khi h thng cung cp ch

cc tiu.
Tnh ton tng t ch cc i ta c bng kt qu sau.
Bng 5.3: an ton hm ca rle 7UT513 ch cc tiu.
ang ngn mch
Thng s
I1 = I(n)N (A)
ISL = (Fi + U) Ingoi min (A)
IH = I1 + I 2 + I 3
(A)
N(2)
N(2)
382,8
382,8
0
99,6
305,7
0
305,7
79,88
765,6
611,4
IH2 = 5,833 . IdB (A)

732
732
im c s: Bb = 2,5 . IddB
313,75
313,75
P = ISL/KHb khi IH < IH2
399,6
456
P = (ISL/KHC) + Bb khi IH IH2
KatH = IH/P
1,67
im ngn mch
N2
N3
Kt lun: Qua kt qu kim tra nhy v an ton hm ca rle
cho thy cc thng s chnh nh m bo cho rle lm vic t yu cu
v nhy cng nh an ton hm.
5.4. Chnh nh bo v qu dng in.
Bo v qu dng in t pha 110kV ca my bin p lm bo v
d phng cho bo v so lch. Rle lm vic vi 2 cp tc ng:
Lp HT
81

. Cp tc ng khng c thi gian (ct nhanh).
. Cp tc ng thi gian (ct c thi gian).
110kV
35kV
BI
BI
I>
I>
>e
I>
BI
I>
10kV
5.4.1. Chnh nh my bo v qu dng t pha 110kV.

. S dng rle 7SJ600 vi c tnh thi gian c lp ca bo v.
. My bin dng c ni = IS/IT = 200/5.
. Phm vi chnh nh ca bo v:
Cp 1: 0,1 - 25idB bc chnh nh 0,1IdB.
Cp 2 (Ct nhanh): 0,3 12,5 IdB bc chnh nh 0,1IdB.
Thi gian tr ca cp 1:
TP = 0,00s 60,00s bc chnh nh 0,01s.
Lp HT
82

1) Chnh nh: (a ch khi 10)
a. Cp 1: Ct c thi gian:
. Dng khi ng.
Ik = Kat. ILVmax.
Trong :
Kat: H s an ton (ly Kat = 1,2)
ILVmax: Dng lm vic cc i pha 110kV ca my bin p c k n
kh nng qu ti 40% dng lm vic nh mc my bin p.
ILVmax = 1,4 . IdB = 1,4 . 125,5 = 175,7 (A)
Vy: Ik = 1,2 . 175,7 = 210,84 (A)
Ik(T) = 210,84 . 5/200 = 5,271 (A) = 1,0542 ITd.
. Thi gian tc ng.
Cn phi hp vi thi gian tc ng ca bo v qu dng t pha
35kV v 10kV vi chnh t = 0,3s.
Gi thit t thi gian tc ng ca bo v qu dng pha 35kV v
10kV l 1,5s. th thi gian tc ng ca bo v pha 110kV l:
t = 1,8 + 0,3 = 2,1s.
. Kim tra nhy:
I N min
kn = I
kd
Trong : INmin l dng ngn mch nh nht i qua bo v khi xy ra

ngn mch ti N'1, N'2 N'3 (h.2.5).
Theo kt qu tnh ngn mch ti chng 2 ta c:
Khi ngn mch ti pha 10kV. Dng qu bo v pha 10kV:
INmin = 305,7 (A).
I
305,7
N min
kn = I = 210,84 = 1,45.
kd
i vi bo v d phng nhy ny t yu cu.

Lp HT
83
b. Cp 2 ct nhanh.
Ik = kat . Inmax.
Trong : Inmax l dng ngn mch ln nht qua bo v pha 110kV
khi ngn mch ti im N'1, N2, N3.
INmax = 1891,4 (A)
Vy Ik = 1,2 . 1891,4 = 2183,28 (A)
Ik(T) = 2183,28 .
5
= 54,582 (A) = 10,91 ITd.
200
5.4.2. Chnh nh bo v qu dng pha 35kV ca my bin p.

Rle tc ng vi 2 cp thi gian:
Cp 1: Cp tc ng vi thi gian (tTG + t).
S dng rle 7SJ600; s dng c tnh thi gian c lp.
My bin dng. nI = 1000/5.
a. Chnh nh.
Dng khi ng:
Ik = Kat . ILVmax = Kat . IdB(T).1,4 = 1,2 . 375 . 1,4 = 630 (A)
Ik = 630 .
5
= 3,15 (A) = 0,63 ITd.
1000
. Thi gian tc ng.

Cp 1: t = tTG + t = 1,5 + 0,3 = 1,8s.
b. Kim tra nhy.
I N min
Kn = I
kd
Trong : Inmin l dng ngn mch b nht qua bo v khi ngn mch
ti thanh ci 35kV (im N2).
Theo kt qu tnh ton ngn mch ti chng 2 ta c:
INmin = 1189,8 (A)
Lp HT
84
Vy kn =
1189,8
= 1,88
630
5.4.3. Chnh nh bo v qu dng pha 10kV ca my bin p.

Rle tc ng vi cp thi gian.
Cp 1: Tc ng vi thi gian t = tTG + t
a. Chnh nh
My bin dng nI = 3000/5.
Rle 7SJ600: S dng c tnh thi gian c lp.
Ik = Kat . ILVmax = Kat . IdB(H) 1,4 = 1,2 . 1312 . 1,4 = 2204,16 (A)
Ik(T) = Ik/nI = 2204,16 .
5
= 3,67 = 0,73 ITd.
300
. Thi gian tc ng.

Gi thit thi gian tc ng ca bo v qu dng ca thanh gp.
TTG=1,5s.
t = tTG + t = 1,5 + 0,3 + 1,8s.
b. Kim tra nhy:
I N min
Kn = I
kd
Trong : INmin dng ngn mch cc tiu qua bo v khi ngn mch
ti thanh gp 10kV.
INmin = 3348,6 (A)
3348,6
Kn = 2204,16 = 1,41.
i vi bo v qu dng nhy ny thp v vy s dng thm kho
K in p thp tng nhy ca bo v khi s dng kho in p thp,
dng khi ng c chn theo iu kin dng nh mc (danh nh ca
my bin p.
Ik = Kat . IdB(H) = 1,2 . 1312 = 1574,4 (A)
Lp HT
85

nhy:
I
3348,6
N min
Kn = I = 1574,4 = 2,13
kd
c. Chnh nh rle kho in p thp (27/U<)

My bin in p (BU).
nu = 15000/ (100/3)
in p khi ng.
Uk
U CP min
nu
Trong : UCPmin l in p ti thiu cho php ti ch t bo v trong

iu kin lm vic nng n nht. UCPmin = 0,65Ud.
UCPmin = 0,65 . 10kV = 6,5kV = 6500V.
100
Vy: Uk 6500. 3 = 43 (V)
1500 3
5.5. Chnh nh bo v qu ti nhit.

110kV
35kV
I>
>
I>
>e
I>
>
10kV
5.5.1. Bo v qu ti pha 110kV.

Dng rle 7SJ600.
S dng phng thc bo v theo di ton b dng ph ti.
Phm vi chnh nh:
Lp HT
86

H s qu ti cho php K: 0,40 2,00 bc chnh nh 0,01.
Hng s thi gian : 1,0 999,9 pht bc chnh nh 0,1 pht.
Mc nhit bo ng b: (50% 90%) c bc chnh 1%.
Trong :
C l nhit ti bo v tc ng ct.
. Hng s thi gian

n
= .
60
Dng in cho php trong n giy
Dng in cho php lu di.
Trong : MBA c kh nng chu qu ti n 40% trong thi gian 6

gi trong vng 5 ngy.
2
6.3600 1,4.I ddB

6.3600 1,4.125,5
= 705,6 (pht).
Vy =
60 I ddB
60 125,5
H s qu ti K: Cn phi xt n s khc nhau gia dng danh nh

ca my bin p v dng danh nh pha s cp ca BI.
K=
1,4.I ddB ( C )
I SddBI
1,4.125,5
= 0,878.
200
. Chnh nh:
Hng s thi gian: = 705,6 pht
H s qu ti:
K = 0,878.
Ngng nhit bo ng: Khi cng sut ca my bin p lm vic

vi SLV = 1,1 Sd th bo v pht tn hiu cnh bo c bin php tng lm
mt v theo di nu cn thit th ct gim ph ti.
Nhit sinh ra t l vi bnh phng dng in.
bd I bd2 1,1.I dd
= 2 =
c
I c 1,4.I dd
= 0,617
Vy mc nhit bo ng: b = 0,617. C

bd
.100% = 61,7%.
c
Lp HT
87

(Gi tr ca C ph thuc vo nhit cho php lm vic ln nht
ca my bin p).
Rle: 7SJ600.
My bin dng: nI = 1000/5 (A)
Chnh nh:
Hng s thi gian: = 705,6 pht.
H s qu ti:
K=
1,4.I ddB (T )
I SddBI
1,4.375
= 0,525
1000
Mc nhit bo ng.
bd
.100% =
c
1,1.I dd
1,4.I dd
. 100% = 61,7%.

Rle: 7SJ600
H s qu ti:
K=
1,4.I ddB ( H )
I SddBI
1,4.1312
= 0,62.
3000
Mc nhit bo ng.
bd
.100% =
c
1,1.I dd
1,4.I dd
. 100% = 61,7%.
5.6. Bo v qu dng th t khng t dy ni trung tnh ca my

bin p vi t.
I0>
110kV
N1
Lp HT
88
10kV
35kV

Rle: 7SJ600
a. Chnh nh.
Dng khi ng: Iok = kat . IdB(C) . 1/nI.
Trong : kat ly bng 0,3.
I0k = 0,3 . 125,5 . 5/200 = 0,94 (A)
Thi gian tc ng ca bo v cn phi phi hp vi cc bo v
chng chm t t pha 110kV theo nguyn tc bc thang vi thi gian
t = 0,3s. Gi thit thi gian tc ng ca bo v pha 110kV l 0,5s vy
thi gian tc ng ca bo v l: t = 0,5 + 0,3 = 0,8 (s)
b. Kim tra nhy.
I 0 min
Kn = I
0 kd
Trong : I0min l dng th t khng nh nht qua dy ni trung tnh

my bin p khi c ngn mch chm t.
I0min = 373,5 A I0min(T) = 373,5 . 1/nI.
I0min(T) = 373,5 . 5/200 = 9,33 (A)
9,33
Kn = 0,94 = 9,9.
Vi nhy ny th bo v s lm vic tin cy.
5.7. Bo v qu p th t khng chng chm t pha 35kV v 10kV
(59N/U0>).
Bo v dng pht tn hiu khi c hin tng chm t xy ra.
5.7.1. Bo v phi 35kV.
Lp HT
89

. in p khi ng: Uk(59N) = Kat . Ukcb
Vi: Kat - h s an ton, Kat = 1,5.
Ukcb - in p khng cn bng khi xy ra chm t,
Ukcb 0,1Ud
Ta c: Uk(59N) = 1,5 . 0,1 . 35 = 5,250 kV
in p khi ng th cp:
UTk(59N) = Uk(59N)/nu =
5250
= 15 (v)
350
5.7.2. Bo v pha 10kV:

in p khi ng:
Uk(59N) = Kat.Ukcb = 1,5 . 0,1 U = 1,5 . 0,1 . 10 = 1,5kV = 1500(v)
in p khi ng th cp:
UTk(59N) = Uk(59N)/nu =
Lp HT
1500
= 10 (v)
150
90

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Do An Tot Nghiep Bao Ve Ro Le Tram Bien AP 110kv 20120729084601 31

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N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

1.4.3. H thng t ng ho.

Tn hao ngn mch.

Ch lm vic ca trung tnh: Ni t trc tip.

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

Cng sut nh mc cc cun dy:

in p ngn mch UN%.

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

2.2. Cc i lng c bn.

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

in khng cc cun dy:

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

2.4. Tnh dng ngn mch ln nht qua bo v.

Hnh 2.2: S h thng khi tnh ngn mch

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

Hnh 2.3: S thay th cc th t

2. Ngn mch mt pha: N(1):

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

INA1 = INA2 = INA0 = X + X + X

= 2.0,296 + 0,17 = 1,312.

I(1)OB = INAO = I01 = 1,312 - 1,0 = 0,312

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

Dng qua dy ni trung tnh my bin p vi t.

3. Ngn mch 2 pha chm t: N(1).

Thay gi tr UNA0 v INA0 vo s th t khng (H.2.3.c)

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

I(1,1)OB = INA0 - I(1,1)01 = -1,57 + 1,202 = -0,368

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

Dng th t khng qua dy ni trung tnh MBA:

4. Xt im ngn mch (N'1) sau bo v (BI).

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

2.4.3. Ngn mch ti thanh ci 10kV (N3).

Dng ngn mch qua bo v.

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

Tng kt: T cc kt qu tnh ton ngn mch trn ta c dng

Dng qua BV1

Dng qua BV3

Dng qua dy ni trung tnh MBA:

Dng ngn mch

2.5. Tnh dng ngn mch nh nht (INmin) qua bo v.

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

2.5.1. Ngn mch trn thanh ci 110kV (im N1).

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

1. Ngn mch 2 pha "N(2)".

Xt im ngn mch N'1 nm sau bo v.

I(n)N'1 N'1 I(n)OB1

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

INA1 = INA2 = INA0 = X + X + X

= 2.0,353 + 0,152 = 1,165

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

Dng th t khng t my bin p ti im ngn mch

Dng ngn mch tng ca h thng cung cp ti im ngn mch N1:

I(1)0TTB = 0,744 . 3U = 373,5 (A)

N TT NGHIP BO V R LE TRM BIN P 110KV

UNA0 = UNA2 = UNA1 = INA1 . X + X = 2,18 . 0,353 + 0,152 = 0,231