m hc l g ?

m hc l mt nhnh ca vt l hc, nghin cu v s

lan truyn ca sng m thanh trong cc loi mi trng
v s tc ng qua li ca n vi vt cht.
KIN TRC L G ?
Kin trc l mt ngnh ngh thut v khoa hc v sp xp
khng gian, thit k cc cng trnh kin trc.
m hc kin trc bao gm cc phn chnh sau:
m hc phng khn gi.
Chng n v cch m.
Thit k h thng chng n, chng rung trong c
hc v h thng m thanh in t.
Yu cu cht lng m hc
/v phng khn gi
1. nh ngha.
2. Phn loi.
Theo c im ca m thanh.
Theo c im ca ngun m.
3. nh gi cht lng m hc ca phng khn gi.
Ch quan.
Khch quan.
NGUYN L M HNH HC
a >> : hin tng phn x nh hng.
Thit k phng m hc theo nguyn l m hnh hc.
Hnh ch nht.
Hnh thang.
Hnh qut.
Hnh lc gic.
Hnh bu dc.
Cc hin tng xu v m hc
Hin tng ting di.
Hin tng hi t m thanh.
m i men phng.
TRNG M KHUCH TN
khuch tn cng cao th m thanh nghe cng
sinh ng v hp dn.
khuch tn cao bng p sut m gn nh nhau
ti mi v tr ca phng.
ngha:
ng u ln v mc m cc ch ngi.
To s tng gim mc m ti cc ch ngi tng i
u n, khng c tng v gim mnh.
Lm cho m thanh trong phng tr nn du dng v
m cng.

TRNG M KHUCH TN
Bin php to trng m khuch tn:
Phn chia cc b mt theo cu to chu k.
B tr vt liu ht m.
THIT K PHNG KHN Gi
THEO THI GIAN M VANG
m vang: Hin tng m thanh cn ngn di khi ngun
m ngng tc dng.
Thi gian m vang: thi gian cn thit mc nng
lng m gim i 60dB hoc ti im khng th nghe
c na.


Vi V: th tch ca phng (m
3
)
S.o: lng ht m ca phng (m
3
)

0.16
( )
.
V
T s
S o
=
R
r tt = ting ni hiu c d dng.
Ph thuc:
Hnh dng kch thc ca phng.
c im ca ngun m pht ra.
Thi gian m vang.
Mc n trong phng.
S ch ca ngi nghe.
TNG CNG R
Tng cng nng lng m trc tip to iu kin
m trc tip truyn tt nht n tai ngi nghe.
Tng dc ca sn.
Chn hnh dng phng hp l.
Ch tnh nh hng ca ngun m.
Nu T di lm gim T bng cch t vt
liu ht m iu chnh thi gian m
vang.
C nhng bin php chng n trong phng.
To nhng b mt phn x gn sn khu a
phn x m ra ch ngi cui phng.
V D V THIT K
PHNG KHN Gi
KYOTO CONCERT HALL
Thng tin
Sc cha: 1833 ch ngi
Th tch phng: 20.000 m
3
.
Din tch phng: 6.300 m
2
.
Khu vc sn khu: 245 m
2
.
Thi gian m vang (tn s trung): 2.0s
Mc n nn: NC-15
Sydney Opera House
Esplanade
Theatre
Cc ngun n v nh hng:
Phn loi ting n:
a. Theo ng lan truyn
b. Theo thi gian tc dng
c. Theo tn s
d. Theo v tr tng i
ca ngun
nh hng ca ting n:
a. nh hng n c quan
thnh gic
b. nh hng n h thn
kinh
c. nh hng h tiu ho
CHNG TING N TRONG THNH PH
1.Ting n giao thng vn ti:

Ting n trong thnh ph ch
yu l do ting n do giao
thng vn ti gy ra chim t
(60 80)%.

Mc n ca giao thng vn ti
c coi l mc n chung ca
dng xe chy trn ng gy
ra (mc n tng cng ca
nhiu xe).
2. Ting n trong cng nghip:
Ting n c kh
Ting n va chm
Ting n kh ng
CHNG TING N TRONG THNH PH
Bin php phng chng ting n
A) Quy hoch vng
Khu n: 80dB
Khu : 60dB
Khu yn tnh: 50dB
1. Bin php quy hoch kin trc:
B) Quy hoch giao thng

S dng cy xanh chng n:
Bin php phng chng ting n
2. Bin php k thut:
Cy xanh trng gin on
Di cy tn l rng c cy b thp di tn l:
Bin php phng chng ting n
2. Bin php k thut:
Tc dng: - H thp ting n
- C s phn x m mi dy cy
- Do s ht m v phn x m ca tn l.
5m >
gim ting n t 5 20dB
Bin php phng chng ting n
2. Bin php k thut:
1
) (
4
2
2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1
2
2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1
= +
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=
R T
c c
c c
T
c c
c c
R
p p
p p
p p
p p

R : H s phn x nng
lng
T : H s truyn qua
nng lng
: Mt khi lng
C : Vn tc truyn m
(1) : vt liu 1
(2) : Vt liu 2
Cch m:
Kho st v m rng kt qu ta c
cmt s cch m tt bng cch xp
tip ni nhau mt vt liu nng v cng
vi mt vt liu nh v mm ( khng
kh b giam trong lng cc vt liu ny )
Cch m:
Lng cch m ca kt cu c xc nh bng cng thc:


Trong : * L 1 : Mc p sut m ca phng c mc m cao
* L 2 : Mc p sut ca phng c mc m thp
A : Lng ht m ca phng cch ly
S(m
2
): Din tch ca b mt ngn cch
Cch m khng kh :
1 2
'
10.lg ( )
S
R L L dB
A
= +
Thc t, mc p sut m va chm c quy i nh sau:


L
U
: Mc m trong bnh o phng di sn cc tn s gi
tr L
U
cng nh th sn cch m cng tt.
Lng l lng cch m tng thm do

tc dng ht m ca phng.
A
0
: Lng ht m tiu chun A
0
= 10m
2

A: Lng ht m ca phng di sn
Cch m:
Cch m va chm :
10lg ( )
V U
o
A
L L dB
A
=
10.lg ( )
o
A
dB
A
Qua thc nghim ta thy rng, sn ton
khi & sn rng nu ch c lp chu lc
vi lp mt lm sch th khng ngn
cch ting n va chm. Do ngn
cch ting n v chm thng x l 1
lp m n hi trn mt sn. Nh lp
m ny, lng cch m ca sn s
c tng thm.
Tng t nh vy i vi trn v
tng.
Do cn phi la chn vt liu cch
m tt v thit k tt khi xy dng.
Cch m:
Vt liu A
Kt cu nhiu lp
Cch m khng kh :
Bin php
Cch m:
Cch m va chm :
S dng trn treo
Sn ni
Bin php
H thng thng gi v
iu ha khng kh
(HVAC system)
1) Ting n t h thng c kh
Nguyn nhn chnh to nn
ting n t h thng c kh l
nhng rung ng my to ra
khi vn hnh
H s truyn ng
Tha s tt dn
Tn s dao ng ring ca my
Tn s dao ng ring ca thit b
gim chn
2
2
2 2
0
1 2
1 2
n
t
n n
F
F
e
n
e
t
e e
n
e e
| |
+
|
\ .
= =

| | | |
+
| |

\ . \ .

:
:
:
:
n
t
n
e
e

m
cch ly

Gi
cao su

L xo

Gi treo
cch ly

Gi
khng
kh
Phn loi:
2) Ting n t h thng ng dn
Cc loi vt liu cch m
Bt cht do
(Plastic foam)
Si khong vt
(Mineral wool)
Si thy tinh
(Glass fibre)
m lt
ng
B tiu m
Lp bc
ng
Bin php x l
I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG
VI PHNG M.

II. CCH CHN - NI T - NH
HNG LOA.

III.M THANH IN T NGY TRANG.


I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M:
1/Ph m:
Tn hiu Trng cm
Ph m mt bi nhc
Ph m Trng cm
2/ Chng ngi vt v hng tm nhn:

- Cc bc sng di ca tn s thp c th nhiu x (hoc
b cong) xung quanh cc i tng.
- Cc bc sng ngn hn tn s cao b chn bi cc i
tng trong ng i ca chng.
I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M:
3/Xc nh c thi gian hi m(m vang):

nh ngha: Thi gian m vang l thi gian cn thit
mt nng lng m gim i 106 ln hay mc nng
lng m gim i 60dB so vi tr s n nh trong qu
trnh tt dn t do ca n khi ngun m ngng tc dng.
I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M:
4/M phng trc khi lp
t:
a/ Phn mm CARA
(Computer Aided Room Acou
stics)

I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M:
I. S TNG THCH CA H THNG VI PHNG M:
b/ Auralization: l
qu trnh dng hnh
m thanh, bng hoc
ton hc m hnh vt
l, lnh vc m thanh
ca mt ngun m
trong mt khng gian.

M hnh phng ha nhc ca hi trng
Sigyn, nm Turku, Phn Lan.
II. CCH CHN-NI T-NH HNG LOA:
- Loa phng thanh cn phi c t trong mt ng nhn
thng cho tt c cc thnh vin ca khn phng.
- M hnh iu khin v kch thc loa: Nhng nh thit k
h thng m thanh chn nhng loa sao cho vng ph sng
ca chng ph hp vi vng nghe.
- H thng phn phi m thanh bao gm nhiu loa. Mt
dng ph bin ca h thng phn phi m l s dng loa
chiu xung t trn nh, bao ph tng mt khu vc c th.
- H thng m thanh ti u ha: ngoi loa phng thanh t,
nhng h thng m thanh c thit k theo hng in t
phi c iu chnh bng cch s dng thit b v k
thut thch hp.

Loa Point-and-Shoot v Vertical-Line-Array :
- Loa phng thanh Point-and-shoot l
loa truyn thng, bao ph mt khu vc
nht nh ca khn phng.

- Vertical-Line-Array ang tr nn
ngy cng ph bin trong lp t nhng
ng dng bi v s ci tin trc sau
nh nhau ca vng ph sng v gc
ph sng hp thng ng, kt qu l
lm r r m thanh t hn sn khu v
trn nh.

II. CCH CHN-NI T-NH HNG LOA:
Loa tr hon - lp y v cc
h thng phn phi m
thanh: Cc tn hiu lp
y vo loa in t cn
c tr hon m thanh
v n tai ca ngi nghe
ng thi gian ng b
(ngha l, trong vng 30 ms)
ca m thanh t cc loa
chnh.
II. CCH CHN - NI T - NH HNG LOA:
III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG:
1/m thanh ngy trang l g?
Mt h thng lc m thanh bao gm mt dn ni tip cc
loa, thng c lp t pha trn trn treo, n phn phi
mt m thanh nn trong ton b khng gian thit k.
2/N hot ng nh th no?
*To ra tn s m thanh nn cho trung ha ting n.
*Cng ngh ny cn ba yu cu quan trng v m:
- Phm vi ng thp: l s bin ng v m lng ca m
thanh theo thi gian hay s khc bit gia cc mc m
thanh cao im v m thanh nn.
- T s tn hiu-m nn thp: T s khc bit cng ln, cc
ting n cng d nghe hn.
- m thanh nht qun ti a.


3/Cc loi h thng ngy trang m:
a/H thng centralized (tp trung ha)
A centralized system

III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG:
b/ H thng phn cp decentralized system :
III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG:
c/S pht trin gn y nht l h thng mng:
A networked system
III. M THANH IN T NGY TRANG:
Architectural Acoustics by Marshall Long
www.wikipedia.org
http://www.kineticsnoise.com
http://www.noisecontrol.com
http://www.industrialnoisecontrol.com
V mt s ngun khc t Internet



Ngun: