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Phm Xun ng tel : 0974478914 1 Ch : S IN LI Bi ton 1: CHT IN LI MNH 1.

. Vit phng trnh cht in li mnh Axit : HCl, H2SO4 , HNO3 ... HCl H+ + Cl H2SO4 2H+ + SO42 Bazo : NaOH, Ca(OH)2 ... NaOH Na+ + OH Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH Mui : NaCl, CaCl2 , Al2(SO4)3 NaCl Na+ + Cl CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO422. XC NH NNG MOL ION B1 : Tnh s mol cht in li B2 : Vit phng trnh in li, biu din s mol ln phng trnh in li n B3 : Tnh nng mol ion : CM = V Bi 1.1. Vit phng trnh in li cc cht sau y (nu c ) : 1. HClO4 2. Sr(OH)2 3. K3PO4 4. BaCl2 5. AgCl 6. Fe(OH)3 7. Al2(SO4)3 8. KMnO4 9. KOH 10. HNO3 11. BaSO4 12. Bi 1.2. Vit cng thc ca cht m khi in li to ra cc ion : a. K+ v CrO42- b. Fe3+ v NO3-c. Mg2+ v MnO4d. Al3+ v SO42Bi 1.3. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch sau : a. 100 ml dung dch cha 4,26 gam Al(NO3)3 b. 0,2 lt dung dch c cha 11,7 gam NaCl Bi 1.4. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch thu c khi : a. Trn 200 ml dung dch NaCl 2M vi 200 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,5M b. Trn 400 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,2M vi 100 ml dung dch FeCl3 0,3M c. Trn 200 ml dung dch cha 12 gam MgSO4 v 300 ml dung dch cha 34,2 gam Al2(SO4)3 Bi 1.5. a). Ha tan 12,5 gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O trong nc thnh 200 ml dung dch . Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch thu c . b). Ha tan 8,08 gam Fe(NO3)3 .9H2O trong nc thnh 500 ml dung dch . Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch thu c . Bi 1.6. a). Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M c cha s mol H+ bng s mol H+ c trong 0,3 lt dung dch HNO3 0,2M . b). Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 2M trn vi 180 ml dung dch H2SO4 3M c mt dung dch c nng mol ca H+ l 4,5M . Cho bit H2SO4 in li hon ton. Bi ton 2: NH BO TON IN TCH B1 : Pht biu nh lut - Trong dung dch cha cc cht in li, tng s mol in tch dng v m lun lun bng nhau. B2 : p dng gii ton Cng thc chung :

Mol dt (+) = Mol dt ()

Cch tnh mol in tch : ndt = sochi dt. nion Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch mmuoi = mcation + manion Bi 2.1. Dung dch A cha Al3+ 0,1 mol, Mg2+ 0,15 mol, NO3- 0,3 mol v Cl- a mol . Tnh a . Bi 2.2. Dung dch A cha Na+ 0,1 mol , Mg2+ 0,05 mol , SO42- 0,04 mol cn li l Cl- . Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch . Bi 2.3. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+ , b mol Mg2+ , c mol Cl v d mol NO3a. Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, v d b. Nu a = 0,01 ; c = 0,01 v d = 0,03 th b bng bao nhiu ? -1-

Bi 2.4. Mt dung dch c cha hai loi cation l Fe2+ (0,1 mol) v Al3+ (0,2 mol) cng hai loi anion l Cl- (x mol) v SO42- (y mol) . Tnh x v y bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht rn khan . Bi 2.5. (C 07) Dung dch A cha cc ion Al3+ = 0,6 mol, Fe2+ = 0,3 mol , Cl - = a mol, SO42- = b mol . C cn dung dch A thu c 140,7 gam . Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l : Bi ton 3. CHT IN LI YU 1. Vit phng trnh in li Axit : CH3COOH, H2S , H3PO4 * CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO* H2S H+ + HS- ; HSH+ + S2+ * H3PO4 H + H2PO4 ; H2PO4H+ + HPO42- ; HPO22H+ + PO43 Hirxit lng tnh : Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 ... Tnh bazo : * Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3OH* Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2OHTnh axit : * Al(OH)3 H3O+ + AlO2* Zn(OH)2 2H+ + ZnO222. Xc nh in li . B1 : p dng CT tnh in li n C so phantu dienli = = dien li = M dien li so phantu hoa tan nhoa tan CM hoa tan B2 : S dng phng php ba dng . AB A+ + B Ban u : a in li : x Cn bng : a x 0 x x

0 x x (M) .

x a * = 1 : cht in li mnh * 0 < < 1 : cht in li yu * = 0 : cht khng in li Bi 3.1. Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau trong dung dch : 1. Axit mnh H2SeO4 (nc th nht in li mnh) 2. Axit yu ba nc H3PO4 . 3. Hi r xit lng tnh Pb(OH)2 . 4. Na2HPO4 . 5. NaH2PO4 6. Axt mnh HMnO4 7. Bazo mnh RbOH. + Bi 3.2. in li dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c dung dch c [H ] = 1,32.10-3 M . Tnh in li ca axit CH3COOH . Bi 3.3. Tnh nng mol cc ion H+ v CH3COO- c trong dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,1M . Bit phng trnh in li : CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ v in li = 4% Bi 3.4. Cho dung dch HClO c nng mol 0,01M, nng ny HClO c in li l = 0,172% . a). Tnh nng cc ion H+ v ClO- . b). Tnh nng mol HClO sau in li . Bi 3.5. Ha tan 3 gam CH3COOH v nc c 250 ml dung dch, bit in li = 0,12 . Tnh nng mol ca cc phn t v ion trong dung dch . Bi 3.5. Mt lt dung dch CH3COOH 0,01 M c cha tng s 6,28.1021 ion v phn t CH3COOH . Tnh in li ca axit ny . Bi 3.6. Trong 100 ml dung dch axit nitr nhit nht nh c 5,64.1021 phn t HNO2 v 3,6.1020 ion NO2-. a. Tnh in li ca axit nitr trong dung dch nhit . b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ni trn . Bi 3.7. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion H+ v CH3COO- trong 2 lit dung dch c cha 24 gam CH3COOH ha tan . Bit in li ca axit l = 1,2% Bi 3.8. Dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1 g/ml . in li ca axit = 1% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong 1 lt dung dch . in li : =

Bi 3.9. Ha tan 3 gam CH3COOH vo nc c 250 ml dung dch, bit in li = 0,12 . Tnh nng mol ca cc phn t v ion trong dung dch . Bi ton 4. XC NH HNG S IN LI B1 : Xc nh hng s in li ca axit. HA H+ + Aka = [ H + ].[ A ] [ HA]

- [H+] , [A-], [HA] trng thi cn bng. - ka : cng ln th tnh axit cng mnh. B2 : Xc nh hng s in li ca bazo. BOH OH- + B+ . kb = [OH ].[B ] [BOH ]

- [OH-], [B+], [BOH] trng thi cn bng . - kb : cng ln th tnh bazo cng mnh. Bi 4.1. C mt dung dch axit CH3COOH (cht in li yu) . Nu ha tan vo dung dch mt t tinh th CH3COONa (Cht in li mnh), th nng H+ c thay i khng , nu c th thay i th no ? Gii thch . Bi 4.2. Cn bng sau tn ti trong dung dch : CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO- . in li ca CH3COOH bin i nh th no ? a. Khi nh vo vi git dung dch HCl b. Khi pha long dung dch c. Khi nh vo vi git dung dch NaOH d. Nh vo dung dch vi git dung dch CH3COONa Bi 4.3. Tnh nng mol ion H+ ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M , bit hng s phn li ca axit Ka = 1,75.10-5 . Bi 4.4. Tnh nng mol ca ion OH- c trong dung dch NH3 0,1M , bit hng s phn li bazo kb = 1,8.10-5 Bi 4.5. Trong 2 lt dung dch axit flohiric c cha 4 gam HF nguyn cht . in li ca axit ny l 8% . Hy tnh hng s phn li ca axit flohiric . Bi 4.6. Axit propanoic (C2H5COOH) l mt axit hu c, mui ca axit ny c dng bo qun thc phm lu b mc . Hng s in li ca axit l Ka = 1,3.10-5 . Hy tnh nng ion H+ trong dung dch C2H5COOH 0,1M . Bi 4.7. Tnh nng H+ ca cc dung dch sau : a. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M . Bit Ka = 1,75.10-5 . b. Dung dch NH3 0,1M . Bit Kb = 6,3.10-5 . c. Dung dch CH3COONa 0,1M . Bit hng s bazo Kb ca CH3COO- l 5,71.10-10 . Bi ton 5. XC NH pH DA VO [H+] . 1. Xc nh pH ca axit . B1 . Tnh s mol axit in li axit . B2 . Vit phng trnh in li axit . B3 . Tnh nng mol H+ B4 . Tnh pH pH = lg[ H + ] 2. Xc nh pH ca bazo. B1 . Tnh s mol bazo in li. B2 . Vit phng trnh in li bazo. B3 . Tnh nng mol OH- , ri suy ra [H+] [H + ].[OH ] = 1014 B4 . Tnh pH . Bi 5.1. Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 1,46 gam HCl trong 400 ml . Bi 5.2. Tnh pH ca dung dch cha 0,4 gam NaOH trong 100 ml . Bi 5.3. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau : 1). HNO3 0,04M. 2). H2SO4 0,01M + HCl 0,05M . 3). NaOH 10-3 M 4). KOH 0,1M + Ba(OH)2 0,2M .

Bi 5.4. Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh khi trn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,375 M . Bi 5.5. Ha tan hon ton 2,4 gam Mg vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 3M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c . Bi 5.6. Trn 40 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25M vi 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c . Bi 5.7. Tnh pH v in li ca : a). dung dch HA 0,1M c Ka = 4,75.10-5 . b). dung dch NH3 0,1M c Kb = 1,8.10-5 . Bi 5.8. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau : a). Dung dch H2SO4 0,05M . b). Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,005M . c). Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1% . d). Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp CH3COOH 0,2M v CH3COONa 0,1M . Cho Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 . Bi ton 6. XC NH NNG MOL DA VO pH . 1. Tnh nng mol ca axit . B1 : Tnh [H+] t pH - pH = a [H+] = 10-a . B2 : Vit phng trnh in li - T [H+] [ axit ] . 2. Tnh nng mol bazo . B1 : Tnh [H+] t pH , ri suy ra [OH-] . - pH = a [H+] = 10-a - [H+].[OH-] = 10-14 [OH-] B2 : Vit phng trnh in li bazo . - T [OH-] [bazo] . Ch : pH > 7 : mi trng bazo . pH < 7 : mi trng axit . Ph = 7 : mi trng trung tnh . Bi 6.1. Mt dung dch axit sunfuric c pH = 2 . a). Tnh nng mol ca axit sunfuric trong dung dch . Bit rng nng ny, s phn li ca H2SO4 thnh ion l hon ton . b). Tnh nng mol ca ion OH- trong dung dch . Bi 6.2. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 300 ml dung dch c pH = 10 . Bi 6.3. Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 1,5 lt dung dch c pH = 13 . Tnh m . Bi 6.3. Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 bng 1,3 lt H2O thu c dung dch c pH = 13 . Tnh nng mol ban u ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 . Bi 6.4. V lt dung dch HCl c pH = 3 . a). Tnh nng mol cc ion H+ , OH- ca dung dch . b). Cn bt th tch H2O bng bao nhiu V thu c dung dch c pH = 2 . c). Cn thm th tch H2O bng bao nhiu V thu c dung dch c pH = 4 . Bi 6.5. Trn 250 ml dung dch HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH a (M), c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12 . Tnh a. Bi 6.6. Cn thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl c pH = 2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,05M thu c dung dch c pH = 1,2 ? Bi 6.7. Dung dch NH3 0,4M c pH = 12 . Tnh in li ca cht in li trong dung dch . Bi 6.8. Tnh in li trong cc trng hp sau : a). Dung dch HCOOH 1M c Ka = 1,77.10-4 . b). Dung dch CH3COOH 1M , bit dung dch c pH = 4 . Bi 6.9. a). pha 5 lt dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 3 th cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch CH3COOH 40% c khi lng ring D = 1,05 g/ml . Bit axit c Ka = 1,74.10-5 . b). Tnh in li ca dung dch c pH = 3. c). Ly 1 lt dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 3 ni trn, ha tan vo 0,1 mol HCl . Gi s th tch dung dch khng thay i . Hy tnh pH v in li ca dung dch mi thu c .

Bi ton 7. AXIT , BAZO V CHT LNG TNH THEO HAI THUYT. Thuyt A r ni ut (thuyt in li) Thuyt Bron stt (thuyt proton) + Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra H . Axit l cht nhng proton H+ . + HCl H + Cl . HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- . Bazo l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra OH- . Bazo l cht nhn proton H+ . NaOH OH- + Na+ . NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- . Hiroxit lng tnh khi tan trong nc va c Cht lng tnh va c th nhng proton, th phn li nh axit, va c th phn li theo bazo. va c th nhn proton . Bi 7.1. a) Hy vit phng trnh ha hc m t tnh axit ca CH3COOH theo quan im ca A r ni ut v quan im Bron stt . Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li cho cc cn bng . So snh hai biu thc tm c . b) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li ca : NH3 , NH4+ , CO32- , HNO2 . Bi 7.2. Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt axit, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt bazo (theo Bron stt). 1. HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl2. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 . 3. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- . 4. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O . Bi 7.3. a). Theo nh ngha ca Bron stt, cc ion : Na+ , NH4+ , CO32- , CH3COO- , HSO4- , K+ , ClHCO3- l axit , bazo, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao ? b). Trn c s , hy d on cc dung dch ca tng cht cho di y s c pH ln hn, nh hn hay bng 7 :Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4 . Bi 7.4. Khi tan trong nc cc cht hiro bromua (HBr), hi ro telurua (H2Te), etyl amin (C2H5NH2) c phn ng sau y : HBr + H2O H3O+ + Br- . (1) + H2Te + H2O H3O + HTe . (2) C2H5NH2 + H2O C2H5NH3+ + OH- . (3) a) . Cho bit cht no l axit, cht no l bazo ? Gii thch . b) . Nc l axit, l bazo trong phn ng no ? Gii thch . Bi 7.5. Qu tm s xut hin mu g khi cho vo cc dung dch : Na2S , NH4Cl . Gii thch . Bi ton 8. PHN NG TRAO I ION . B1 : Tnh s mol cht phn ng . B2 : Vit phng trnh in li, ri suy ra s mol ion . B3 : Vit phng trnh phn ng ion thu gn . B4 : p dng cng thc gii ton . Tnh pH ca dung dch : pH = - lg[H+]. nh lut bo ton mol in tch : moldt (+ ) = moldt () . Bi 8.1. trung ha 50 ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,75M th cn bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ? Bi 8.2. trung ha 50 ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,3M v HBr 0,2M cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,05M ? Bi 8.3. Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,2M vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M thu c dung dch c pH = 2 . Bi 8.4. Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M vo 50ml dung dch HCl 0,2M thu c dung dch c pH = 12 . Bi 8.5. Cn phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,15M vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm 2 bazo NaOH 0,1 M + Ba(OH)2 0,075M thu c dung dch c pH = 2 ? Bi 8.6. Mt dung dch Y c cha cc ion Cl-, SO42- , NH4+ . Khi cho 100 ml dung dch Y phn ng vi 200 ml dung dch dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 6,99 gam kt ta v thot ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc) . a). Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch Y . b). Tnh nng mol ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 dng . Bi 8.7. Dung dch A cha HCl v H2SO4 theo t l mol 3:1 . Bit 100 ml dung dch A trung ha va 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M .

a). Tnh nng mol mi axit . b). Tnh khi mui thu c sau phn ng . c). Hi 200 ml dung dch A trung ha va bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M . Bi 8.8. Ha tan 1,65 gam (NH4)2SO4 v 2,61 gam K2SO4 trong nc thu c 250 ml dung dch A . l cc cht in li mnh . a). Tnh nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A . b). Ly 50 ml dung dch A tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M, lc, ra kt ta to thnh , thu c m1 gam kt ta v 120 ml dung dch A1 . Tnh m1 v nng mol cc ion thu c trong dung dch A1 . Bi 8.9. Thm t 400 gam dung dch H2SO4 49% v nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung dch A . Coi H2SO4 in li ha ton c hai nc . 1). Tnh nng mol H+ trong dung dch A . 2). Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lit dung dch A thu c : a). dung dch c pH = 1 . b). dung dch c pH = 13 . Bi 8.10. Hy tnh m v x khi : a). Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x M thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12 . Hy tnh m v x . b). Trn 300 ml dung dch c cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,025M vi 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 x(M) , thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH =2 . Hy tnh m v x .

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