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V trng Lng
Khoa Ton
Abstract. Sobolev spaces take an important part in studying the model partial differential equations. Hence,
0 m
in this paper, I introduce other definition of distributional partial derivatives and Sobolev spaces
n
0 1
W 2 (),
0 2
W 2 (0,1), W 2 (0,1)).
1), W
2
2
1
2
W 12 (0,
(0, 1)).
1. Ton t ng - kh ng.
1-1 Ton t ng.
nh ngha 1. B1 , B2 l hai khng gian Banach, J l mt khng gian con ca B1 , ton t
tuyn tnh T : B1 B2 c gi l ton t ng trn J nu gi s
{u n }n =1 J, u n u B1
( n )
Tu n v B 2
th u J v
v = Tu.
Ch :
+) T ng tng ng th G = {(u, Tu ) : u J
} l ng trong
B1 B1 .
C[
0 ,1
du
dx
{ } C[
1
0 ,1
]
C
0(n )( v l).
n
* T ng
1
un C10,1 ] : un u (n ) trong C0,1 ]
suuu / 0,1 ] (n )
un
u C0,1 ]
Tu
u
(
n
)
trong
C
Tu
u
/
0,1
(
n
)
]
n
n suu
0,1 ]
Tu = v
} D(T )
Tu n v B2 }.
t Ts u = v.
Do iu kin (*) th v l xc nh duy nht. By gi ta chng minh Ts ng. Cho
n D(Ts ), n u B1 , T n v khi mi n N * , {x n
|| n x n ||<
} D(T )
sao cho
1
.
n
|| T n Ts n ||<
1
x n v LimT n = LimTs n = v = T , D(Ts ).
n
T : C 0 () L2 ()
u a Tu =
a D u
0| | m
trong = ( 1 , 2 ,..., n ) l tp m a ch s v
| |= 1 + 2 + ... + n , D =
| |
, t J = C 0 (), a C (), | | m.
n
1
x1 ...x n
} C ( ) : u n
0 trong L2 () v
Tu n v trong L2 () v = 0.
Tht vy:
C 0 () : (Tu n , ) L2 ( ) =
0| | m
(1) u n D u ( x) ( x)dx
(1) (u
| |
0| | m
a D u ( x) ( x)dx
0| | m
0 | | m
( 1) | | u n ( x) D u ( x) ( x)dx
, D (a )) L2 ( ) 0(n ).
(Tu n , ) 0( n ), (v, ) = 0, C 0 () v = 0.
v a T *v =
(1) D (a v)
| |
0| | m
J s = {u L2 () : v L2 (), {u n
L2 () v tn ti Tu n v trong L2 () }.
trong
Ts : J s L2 ()
u a Ts u = v
Theo mnh 1 th Ts l mt thc trin ng ca T .
*Thc trin yu T :
J = {u L2 () : v L2 () : (u , T * ) = (v, ), C 0 () }.
Khi t ( Tw = v)
Tw : J w L2 ( )
u a Tw u = v
( u , T * w) = (( Tw v, w ), w C 0 ( ) ).
Mnh 3. Tw cng l ton t ng trn Lw v l thc trin ng ca T.
Chng minh. Tht vy, gi s {v n } J w : v n u L2 () v Tw u n v L2 ()
u n J w f L2 : (v n , Tw ) = ( f , w), n cho qua gii hn v do tnh lin tc ca gii
hn ca tch v hng ta c (u , T * w) = ( f , w) (1) u J w .
Theo nh ngha ca Tw ta c:
( Tw v n , w)
( v n , T * w) =
f = Tw u v theo nhn xt ca 1 th Tw
T .
u a
Tu, T
=T
Gi s u J s {u n } C 0 () J : u n u L2 () v Tu n v = Ts u v T ng
T u = v
u J
J s J
T | J = Ts
a l hng.
u( x) (1)
| | m
| |
D a ( x)dx = v( x) ( x)dx .
(Tu n , ) =
a D u
| | m
| | m
Hay
trong L2 ().
Vy u J , T u = v = Ts u do T = Ts .
3. nh ngha o hm suy rng theo mt cch khc.
Xt ton t vi phn
T : C 0 () L2 ()
u a Tu =
0 || m
Du
xc nh tng ng ca n.
nh ngha 3. Nu tn ti v L2 () sao cho (u, T * ) L2 ( ) = (v, ) L2 ( ) , C 0 (), th
T( m ) u = Ts( m ) u c gi l o hm suy rng cp m ca u .
0 m
nh ngha 4. Ta gi W 2 () =
I J
( )
vi chun
| | m
= ( || T u ||
( )
|| u || 0 m
W 2 ()
L2 ( )
1
2
| | m
L2 ().
T ( ) =
V d:
d
du
:
C
(
0
,
1
)
L
(
0
,
1
)
;
u
a
Tu
=
, = 1,2.
0
2
dx
dx
( )
l cc thc trin ng ca T ( ) v
} C 0 () u L2 ()
J ( ) = {u L2 (0,1) : v L2 (0,1), {u n
v Tu n v = T( ) u
} l tp
xc nh ca n.
0 2
(*)
0 2
du j
dx
du j
dx
}, {
d 2u j
dx 2
} l dy
1
d u j ( x) 2
du
|| v || L2 ( 0,1) = | v( ) ( x)
| dx 0( j ).
dx
dx
0
} C0 (0,1), u j
u | L2 ( 0,1) v
0 2