Tinh Gioi Han Bang May Tinh

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Gii han
Gii hn l mt trong cc vn c bn ca Gii
tch. Chuyn ny s gip cc bn s dng MTBT
tm gii hn mt cch nhanh chng v ng dng vo
kim tra kt qu t lun v gii hn.
1/ Tnh gii hn ca hm s ti mt im
Bi ton: Tnh gii hn ca hm s y = f(x) khi x x
0
.
Cch gii: B1: Nhp biu thc ton hc.
B2: Nhp gi tr cho bin.
B3: Nhn .
- Nu ta nhp nguyn gi tr x
0
th my s bo li Math
Error, v biu thc s ri vo cc dng v nh. Nn khi
nhp gi tr cho bin X, ta phi cng thm 1 sai s nh
kt qu gn ng vi gii hn cn tnh (X+x hoc X-
x).
-x thng ly l 0.000000001 (khong 8-9 s 0).
- Nu kt qu ra l 0 th cn th li vi x ln hn (t s 0
hn). V c th my tnh lm trn kt qu mt bc
no m ta khng bit, cc bn c th xem thm V d 7
trang 6 thy r hn.
V d 1:
2 x 3 x
8 x
2
3
2 x
lim
+

l: (dng
0
0
)
A/ 10 B/ -10 C/12 D/ 8
=
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
Nhp nguyn biu thc:
3
2
8
3 2
x
x x
+
vo my tnh
Nhn nhp vo: 2.000000001 hoc 1.999999999
(x=0.000000001) . Tip tc nhn
Kt qu: 12 Chn C
V d 2:
2
2
1
2 3
3 2
lim
x
x
x x
+
+
l:
A/
3
4
B/
3
4
C/
1
4
D/
1
2

Nhp biu thc
2
2
2 3
3 2
x
x x
+
+
vo my tnh
Nhn nhp vo: 1.000000001 hoc 0.999999999 . Tip
tc nhn
Kt qu:
1
2
chn D

Bi tp ngh:
1/
3
1 3 5
lim
2 3 6
x
x x
x x
+
+ +
bng:
A/ -3 B/ 1 C/ 3 D/ 6
2/
3
2
0
1 2 1 3
lim
x
x x
x
+ +
bng:
A/
1
3
B/
1
2
C/
3
2
D/ 4
=
CALC
=
CALC
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han

p n ca bi tp ngh

Ni dung 1: Ni dung 2:
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
A B C A B C D D

Ni dung 3: Ni dung 4:
1 2 3 1 2 3 4
C B B A B A D

Ni dung 5:
1 2 3 4
B C A D

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
4/ Tm a hm s
2
2
3 2
, khi x<2
2 f(x)
5 3, khi x 2
x x
a
x
x
+
+
+ >
lin tc
ti im x = 2:
A/ 25 B/
1
2
C/3 D/23

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
3/
2 3
1
1
lim
1
x
x x x
x
+ + +
+
bng:
A/
1
3
B/
1
3
C/
2
3
D/
2
3

4/
0
9 16 7
lim
x
x x
x
+ + +
bng:
A/
7
24
B/
7
12
C/ 0 D/
5
24

2/ Tnh gii hn ca hm s v cc
Bi ton: Tnh gii hn ca hm s y = f(x) khi x .
B3: Nhn .
- Nhp cho bin mt gi tr ln tng trng cho gi
tr v cc
- Thng thng ta ly l 999999999 cho + v -999999999
cho - (khong 8-9 s 9).
V d 3:
1 x 2
7
lim
x + +
l: (Bc t < bc mu gii hn ra 0)
A/ 0 B/ - C/ + D/
7
2

Nhp nguyn biu thc:
7
2 1 x +
vo my tnh
=
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
Nhn nhp vo: 9999999999 . Tip tc nhn
Kt qu: 3.5 x 10
-10
hay 0.00000000035. Ly kt qu l 0.
Chn A
V d 4:
1 x 3
5 x 3 x 2
lim 2
2
x +
+

l: (Bc t = bc mu, ly h s X
m cao nht t v mu chia nhau c 2/3)
A/ 0 B/ - C/ + D/
2
3

Nhp nguyn biu thc:
2
2
2 3 5
3 1
x x
x
+
+
vo my tnh
Nhn nhp vo: -9999999999 . Tip tc nhn
Kt qu: 0.66666666 = 2/3 Chn D
V d 5:
x 2 3
1 x 7 x 5
lim
2
x
+
+

l: (Bc t > bc mu kt qu ra
v cc)
A/ 0 B/ - C/ + D/
5
2

Nhp nguyn biu thc:
2
5 7 1
3 2
x x
x
+
+
vo my tnh
Kt qu: -2.5 x 10
11
. Ly kt qu l Chn B
V d 6:
( ) 5 x 2 x 3 x lim
2 3
x
+ +

l:
A/ 0 B/ - C/ + D/
5
2

Nhp nguyn biu thc: -x
3
+ 3x
2
- 2x + 5 vo my tnh
CALC
= CALC
= CALC
= CALC
=
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
Kt qu chn phng n D.

Bi tp ngh:

1/ Tm a hm s
2
2
6 5
, khi x 1
f(x)
5 , khi x=1
x x
x x
a x
+
=
lin tc ti
im x = 1:
A/ 1 B/ -9 C/ -1 D/ 3
2/ Tm a hm s
1 1
, khi x>0
f(x)
4
, khi x 0
1
x x
x
x
a
x
+ s
+
lin
tc ti im x = 0:
A/-2 B/ 5 C/ 5 D/ 2
3/ Tm a hm s
2
3 2
, khi x>-1
1
f(x)
5 , khi x 1
x x
x
a x
+ +
+
=

lin tc ti
im x = -1:
A/ -4 B/ -6 C/3 D/-5
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
- Nu my cho gi tr biu thc gn bng hoc bng 0.5 th
phng n c chn.
Kt qu chn phng n B.

V d 12: Cho hm s
1 1
, khi x>0
f(x)
3
2 , khi x 0
2
x
a
x
x
+ s

Hm s lin tc ti x
0
= 0 khi v ch khi a c gi tr l:
A/
7
6
B/
2
3
C/
1
3
D/
1
6

Cch gii:
0
3
lim 2
2
x
x
+
=
3
2
(xem cch tnh phn Tnh
gii hn mt bn ca hm s )
Hm s lin tc ti x = 0
1 1 x
a
x

+
=
3
2

- Nhp biu thc
1 1 X
A
X

+
vo my tnh.
- Nhn my hi A? nhp ln lt cc gi tr ca
phng n.
- Nhn =, my hi tip gi tr ca X, nhn 0.00000001 =
- Nu my cho gi tr biu thc gn bng hoc bng
3
2
th
phng n c chn.
CALC
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
Kt qu: 1 x 10
30
. Ly kt qu l + Chn C

Bi tp ngh:

1/ ( )
2 2
lim 1 1
x
x x x x
+ + +
bng:
A/ 0 B/ 1 C/
1
2
D/ 2
2/
( )
3
3 1
lim 1 2
1
x
x
x
x
+
+
bng:
A/
2 3
B/
3
2
C/ - 2 3 D/ 6
3/
3 3 2
2
2 1
lim
2 1
x
x x
x
+ +
+
bng:
A/
2
2
B/ 1 C/ 0 D/ -
2
2

4/
2
2 3
lim
1
x
x
x x
+
bng:
A/ 2 B/-2 C/ 0 D/ -1

... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
3/ Tnh gii hn ca hm s lng gic
0
.
Vi x
0
l mt gi tr lng gic bt k.
B3: Nhn .
- Mn hnh phi c a vo ch radian bng cch:
4 (Rad)
- Cch nhp gi tr ging nh phn Tnh gii hn ca hm
s ti mt im nhng nu x
0
c cha th khng c
cng (tr) sai s trc tip vo gi tr bin, m phi nhp
di dng x
0
x
- x thng ly l 0.00001 (khong 4-5 s 0).
- Nu kt qu ra l 0 th cn th li vi x ln hn (t s 0
hn). V my tnh lm trn kt qu lng gic, cn thc
vi s ch s thp phn t hn so vi cc php tnh a thc
thng thng khc.
V d 7:
2
2
2
sin
lim tan
cos x
x
x
x
| |
|
\ .
l:
A/ 0 B/
1
2
C/ + D/
5
2

Nhp nguyn biu thc:
2
2
sin
tan
cos
x
x
x
| |
|
\ .
vo my tnh
SETUP SHIFT
=
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
tnh gii hn ca hm s ti mt im, gii hn tng bn
khi s mt rt nhiu thi gian, nn chng ta s ng dng
cch tnh gii hn bng MTBT gip tit kim thi gian
v gii quyt tt bi ton ny.
V d 11: Cho hm s
2
2
3 2
, khi x<2
f(x) 2
1, khi x 2
x x
x x
mx m
+
+ + >

Hm s lin tc ti x
0
= 2 khi v ch khi m c gi tr l:
A/
1
6
B/
1
6
C/ 1 D/ 1
Cch gii:
2
2
2
3 2
lim
2
x
x x
x x
= 0.5 (xem cch tnh phn

Tnh gii hn mt bn ca hm s )
Hm s lin tc ti x = 2 mx+m+1 = 0.5
- Nhp biu thc AX+A+1 vo my tnh (bin A thay cho
m).
- Nhn my hi A? nhp ln lt cc gi tr ca
phng n.
- Nhn =, my hi tip gi tr ca X, nhn 2 =
- Lu : khi thay ln lt gi tr ca A, ta khng cn nhp
gi tr ca X na (nu nhp gi tr ca X trc ri)
m nhn = b qua.
CALC
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
A/
1
2
B/
1
2
C/ 2 D/
3
2

2/
2
2
0
lim
x
x x x
x
+
+
bng:
A/ 3 B/ + C/ - D/ 4
3/
3 3
3
lim
27
x
x
x
bng:
A/ 0 B/ 3 C/+ D/-
1
9

4/
1
1
lim
2 1 1
x
x
x
x x
+
bng:
A/ 0 B/ -
1
2
C/+ D/
1
2

5/ Xc nh gi tr ca tham s hm s lin tc ti x
0

Bi ton: Cho hm s y = f(x) c cha mt hay nhiu tham
s xc nh ti im x
0
. Hy xc nh gi tr ca cc tham
s hm s y = f(x) lin tc ti x
0
.
-y l mt dng ton phc tp, nu ta gii bng phng
php truyn thng th phi s dng nh ngha gii hn
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
Nhn nu ta nhp vo:
0.000000001
2

hoc
0.000000001
2
+
nhn , kt qu ra l 0. Ta nghi ng c
th my lm trn nn th li vi gi tr X l:
0.00001
2

hoc
0.00001
2
+
. Tip tc nhn
Kt qu s ra l 0.50001. Ly kt qu l 0.5 hay
1
2

Chn B
V d 8:
0
1 sin cos
lim
1 sin cos
x
x x
x x
+ | |
|

\ .
l:
A/ 0 B/
1
2
C/ + D/ 1
Nhp nguyn biu thc:
1 sin cos
1 sin cos
x x
x x
+

vo my tnh
Nhn nhp vo: 0.00001. Tip tc nhn
Kt qu: -1.00001. Ly kt qu l -1 Chn D

Bi tp ngh:
1/
6
1 2sin
lim
6
x
x
x

| |
|
|
|
\ .
bng:
A/ 0 B/ - 3 C/ 3 D/ -1
CALC =
CALC
=
=
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
2/
( )
2
1
sin 1
lim
4 3
x
x
x x
+
bng:
A/
2 3
B/
1
2
C/ -1 D/ 0
3/
2
lim tan
2 x
x x
| |
|
\ .
bng:
A/
2
2
B/ 1 C/ 0 D/ -
2
2

4/ Tnh gii hn mt bn ca hm s
0
+
hoc x x
0
-
.
B3: Nhn .
- Cch nhp gi tr ging nh phn Tnh gii hn ca hm
s ti mt im nhng nu x tin v bn phi x
0
th cng
x cn nu x tin v bn tri x
0
th tr x
-x thng ly l 0.000000001 (khong 8-9 s 0).
- Tnh gii hn mt bn ca hm s lng gic cng tng
t nh cch tnh trn.
V d 9:
x 2
x 3 x 2
lim
2
2 x

l:
=
... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Gii han
A/ 0 B/ - C/ + D/ 3
Nhp nguyn biu thc:
2
2 3
2
x x
x
vo my tnh
Nhn nhp vo: 2 + 0.000000001 (v x tin v bn
phi gi tr 2).
Tip tc nhn
Kt qu: 80000000010 . Ly kt qu l + . Chn C

V d 10:
25
x
10 x 5
x
lim
2
2
5 x
+
l:
A/ 0 B/ - C/ + D/ 3
Nhp nguyn biu thc:
2
2
5 10
25
x
x
x
+
vo my tnh
Nhn nhp vo: 5 - 0.000000001 (v x tin v bn tri
gi tr 5).
Tip tc nhn
Kt qu: -999999999.5 . Ly kt qu l - . Chn B

Bi tp ngh:
1/ 2 1
1 1
lim
1
x
x x
x
+
bng:
=
CALC
=
CALC

Tinh Gioi Han Bang May Tinh

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... /. /. /.. /. . /./ ... .. ./.

Trang 1/15 phuongphaphoctap.tk

= 0.5 (xem cch tnh phn

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