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(1)
(2)
Tc dng vi nhiu oxit kim loi nh: CuO, Fe2O3 ... nhit cao.
t C + 2CuO 2Cu + CO2
o
(3) (4)
t C + CO2 2CO
o
(5)
Cc phn ng ho hc (4) v (5) l c s chuyn ho nhin liu rn thnh nhin liu kh. Tc dng vi cc axit c tnh cht oxi ho mnh nh HNO3, H2SO4 c, nng.
t C + 4HNO3 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
o
(6)
2). Mt s hp cht ca cacbon Cacbon monoxit (CO) l mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi, rt c, nng gn bng khng kh, t tan trong nC. nhit cao, cacbon monoxit th hin tnh kh mnh. 2CO + O2 2CO2 phn ng to nhiu nhit. 3CO
t + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO2
o
Cacbon ioxit (CO2) l kh khng mu, nng hn khng kh, d CO2/kk = 1,52. Nc kh l cacbon ioxit rn. Cacbon ioxit l mt oxit axit v c tnh oxi ho yu. Tc dng vi dung dch kim; CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3
CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O Tc dng vi kim loi: CO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + C Mui cacbonat v mui hirocacbonat: Na2CO3, CaCO3, NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2. nhit cao ch c mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim l khng b phn hu. Cc mui hirocacbonat km bn hn.
80 100 C 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
o
Ngoi qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh, trong nc bin, i dng c mt cn bng ho hc gip iu tit lng CO2 trong kh quyn:
II. Silic v cc hp cht ca silic 1. Silic l mt trong nhng nguyn t ph bin nht trong v Tri t (ng hng th hai sau nguyn t oxi) Silic c hai dng th hnh, dng v nh hnh v dng tinh th. Dng tinh th c cu trc tng t kim cng, gin v cng, c nh kim dn in v dn nhit km. Silic l nguyn t t hot ng ho hc. Si + F2 SiF4
t Si + O2 SiO2
o
2. Hp cht ca silic a. Silic ioxit (SiO2) SiO2 l cht rn khng tan trong nc, kh nng chy (16100), c tn gi l thch anh. Ct trng l nhng ht thch anh nh. SiO2 l oxit axit. nhit cao, SiO2 tc dng vi oxit baz, kim, cacbonat kim loi kim to ra silicat: SiO2 SiO2 SiO2 + + + CaO 2NaOH K2CO3
t t t
o o o
SiO2 c tnh cht ho hc c trng l tan c trong dung dch axit flohiric HF: SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + H2O V vy ngi ta dng axit flohiric khc hnh trn thu tinh. SiO2 c dng rng ri trong xy dng, sn xut thu tinh, mi... b. Axit silicic v mui silicat Axit silicic c cng thc ho hc l H2SiO3, l axit yu, t tan trong nc. iu ch axit silicic bng cch cho axit clohiric tc dng vi dung dch silicat, c dung dch H2SiO3 di dng keo: